Kanonaite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kanonaite
Formula:
Mn3+Al(SiO4)O
Colour:
Greenish black
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
3.395 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by S. Vrana, M. Rieder, and J. Podlaha in 1978 for Kanona, a town near the type locality in Zambia.
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2155
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2155:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
0d24d3d3-c13a-4501-8f07-b35528ef7028
IMA Classification of Kanonaite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Mn3+AlOSiO4
Approval year:
1976
First published:
1978
Classification of Kanonaite
9.AF.10
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
52.2.2b.2
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
52 : NESOSILICATES Insular SiO4 Groups and O,OH,F,H2O
2 : Insular SiO4 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and >[4] coordination
16.16.1
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn
16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMAâCNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kan | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Kan | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Kanonaite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Greenish black
Streak:
Gray green
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=906 - 1017 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
on {110} poor
on {110} poor
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.395 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Kanonaite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.702 nβ = 1.730 nγ = 1.823
2V:
Measured: 53° to 90°, Calculated: 62°
Birefringence:
0.121
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.121
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v weak
Optical Extinction:
Parallel.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = Yellow green
Y = Bluish green
Z = deep golden yellow
Y = Bluish green
Z = deep golden yellow
Chemistry of Kanonaite
Mindat Formula:
Mn3+Al(SiO4)O
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Ti,Fe,Cu,Zn,Pb,Mg,Ca,Ba
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
SiO2 | 32.37 % |
Al2O3 | 33.71 % |
Mn2O3 | 31.48 % |
Fe2O3 | 2.22 % |
Total: | 99.78 % |
Empirical formulas:
Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
---|---|
1 | (Mn3+0.73Al0.21Fe3+0.05)Al1.00O1.00[Si0.99Al0.01O4] |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium | Kanonaite-dominant rims of zoned kanonaite-andalusite porphyroblasts in schist. |
Crystallography of Kanonaite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnnm
Setting:
Pnnm
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.959(2) Å, b = 8.047(2) Å, c = 5.616(1) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.989 : 1 : 0.698
Unit Cell V:
359.68 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Anhedral nodular porphyroblasts to 1.2 cm.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000833 | Kanonaite | Weiss Z, Bailey S W, Rieder M (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of kanonaite, (Mn,Al)(Al,Mn)O[SiO4] American Mineralogist 66 561-567 | 1981 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
5.66 Ă | (100) |
4.59 Ă | (60) |
3.99 Ă | (20) |
2.83 Ă | (40) |
2.52 Ă | (40) |
2.30 Ă | (20) |
1.513 Ă | (20) |
Comments:
ICDD 42-575
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-đ alteration and/or metamorphism | |
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits |
Geological Setting:
Metamorphic rocks
Type Occurrence of Kanonaite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Anhedral, nodular porphyroblasts up to 12 mm long, enclosing patchy aggregates of coronadite and gahnite and coated by Mg-chlorite and coronadite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 17352.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144523.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 144523.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Porphyroblasts in low grade gahnite schist.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
VrĂĄna, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, a new mineral isotype with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 66: 325-332.
Synonyms of Kanonaite
Other Language Names for Kanonaite
German:Kanonait
Russian:ĐанОнаиŃ
Simplified Chinese:é°çş˘ćąçł
Spanish:Kanonaita
Traditional Chinese:éłç´
ćąçł
Relationship of Kanonaite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Kanonaite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with Coronadite | Pb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16 |
2 photos of Kanonaite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 |
9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.05 | Xenolite | Al10Si8O31 |
9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
9.AF.20 | Krieselite | Al2(GeO4)F2 |
9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 |
9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) |
9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
9.AF.30 | Staurolite | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 |
9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 |
9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 |
9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 |
9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | (Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.50 | Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite) | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 |
9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 |
9.AF.50 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite) | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.55 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.60 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,âť)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
9.AF.75 | Ărebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 |
9.AF.75 | Welinite | Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,âť)ÎŁ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,âť)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 |
9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.85 | OttrĂŠlite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Kanonaite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kanonaite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2155.html
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References for Kanonaite
Reference List:
VrĂĄna, S., Rieder, M., Podlaha, J. (1978) Kanonaite, (Mn 0.76 3+ Al0.23Fe 0.02 3+ )[6]Al[5][O|SiO4], a new mineral isotypic with andalusite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 66 (3) 325-332 doi:10.1007/bf00373417
Kramm, Ulrich (1979) Kanonaite-rich viridines from the Venn-Stavelot Massif, Belgian Ardennes. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 69 (4) 387-395 doi:10.1007/bf00372264
Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Mandarino, J. A. (1979) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 64 (5-6) 652-659
Schreyer, Werner, Fransolet, AndrĂŠ-Mathieu, Bernhardt, Heinz-JĂźrgen (2001) Hollanditeâstrontiomelane solid solutions coexisting with kanonaite and braunite in late quartz veins of the Stavelot Massif, Ardennes, Belgium. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 141 (5) 560-571 doi:10.1007/s004100100260
Localities for Kanonaite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Belgium | |
| Michel Blondieau. +3 other references |
| Corin (1934) +1 other reference |
Corin (1934) +1 other reference | |
| Hatert et al. (2002) |
Anten (1923) +5 other references | |
Kramm (1979) +3 other references | |
Brazil | |
| ex-collection P.A. Matioli (method of identification unknown) +1 other reference |
Czech Republic | |
| NovĂĄk et al. (2007) |
Greece | |
| Tony Nikischer |
United Arab Emirates | |
| Kugimiya et al. (2004) |
Mn-Mg-silicates from a manganiferous ... +1 other reference | |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Zambia (TL) | |
| VrĂĄna et al. (1978) |
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Le Coreux, Salmchâteau, Vielsalm, Luxembourg, Wallonia, Belgium