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Lanmuchang Tl deposit, Xingren County, Qianxinan, Guizhou, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Lanmuchang Tl depositDeposit
Xingren CountyCounty
QianxinanPrefecture
GuizhouProvince
ChinaCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
25° 31' 32'' North , 105° 30' 32'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
25.52581,105.50906
GeoHash:
G#: wke10yv6e
GRN:
N18E67
Type:
Deposit
KΓΆppen climate type:
Cwa : Monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate
Mindat Locality ID:
13580
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:13580:4
GUID (UUID V4):
3d9cd456-ba17-4d9e-b2b1-709682a2048d
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Lanmuchang Tl-Hg deposit
Name(s) in local language(s):
ζ»₯ζœ¨εŽ‚η £ζ±žηŸΏ, ε…΄δ»εŽΏ, ι»”θ₯Ώε—布依族苗族θ‡ͺ治州, 贡州省, δΈ­ε›½


The thallium-rich ore bodies extend over an area of about 1.5 square km. They contain lorΓ‘ndite as the major ore mineral. Major geogenic pollution affecting human health has been documented.

The deposit was formed by bio-metallogenesis (involving the enrichment of Tl in micro-paleo-animals in rocks and ores, bio-fossil casts in Tl-rich ores, the involvement of bio-sulfur in minerogenesis and the enrichment of bio-genetic organic carbon in Tl ores) and subsequent hydrothermal reworking (Zhang et al., 2007).

The deposit was originally formed in the Late Permian. Subsequently, hydrothermal reworking took place during the Middle Triassic (Zhang & Zhang, 2000).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


32 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Alum-(K)
Formula: KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
β“˜ Arsenolite
Formula: As2O3
β“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
β“˜ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
β“˜ Christite
Formula: TlHgAsS3
β“˜ Cinnabar
Formula: HgS
β“˜ Dickite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
β“˜ Fibroferrite
Formula: Fe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
β“˜ Halotrichite
Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
β“˜ Imhofite
Formula: Tl5.8As15.4S26
β“˜ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜ Kaolinite
Formula: Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜ Lanmuchangite (TL)
Formula: Tl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Type Locality:
β“˜ 'Limonite'
βœͺ LorΓ‘ndite
Formula: TlAsS2
Description: main ore mineral in the thallium orebody and its crystals there can reach 4cm. Dr. Philippe Roth, letter to Lapis(2007)
References:
Chen, D. (1989): The discovery and study of lorandite in China. Kuangwu Xuebao (Acta Mineralogica Sinica), 9 (2), 141-147 (in Chinese).
Li, X., An, X., Nan, J. (1989): The second discovery of christite in nature. Chinese Science Bulletin 34(11), 942-945 (EPMA of co-existing lorΓ‘ndite)
Zhang, B.-G. and Zhang, Z. (2000): Biogenic lorandite and its geological significance in Xingren County, Guizhou Province, China. Gaoxiao Dizhi Xuebao (Geological Journal of China Universities) 6(2), 349-355 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Baogui, and Zhang Zhong (2001): The biological and reworking metallogenic models of the Lanmuchang Tl deposit. Paper at the 11th Annual V.M. Goldschmidt Conference.
Zhang Z., Zhang B., Hu J., Yao L., Tian Y. (2007): A preliminary discussion on the bio-metallogenesis of Tl deposits in the low-temperature minerogenetic province of southwestern China. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences) 50, 359-370.
β“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜ Orpiment
Formula: As2S3
β“˜ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
β“˜ Picropharmacolite
Formula: Ca4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Pyrite var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite
Formula: (Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Raguinite
Formula: TlFeS2
β“˜ Realgar
Formula: As4S4
β“˜ Scheelite
Formula: Ca(WO4)
β“˜ Scorodite
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
β“˜ Sulphur
Formula: S8
β“˜ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜ 'Unnamed (Tl Arsenide-Sulphide)'
Formula: Tl2AsS3
β“˜ 'Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)'
Formula: Tl6CuAs16S40
β“˜ 'Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)'
Formula: TlSnAsS3

Gallery:

Tl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2Oβ“˜ Lanmuchangite (TL)
TlAsS2β“˜ LorΓ‘ndite
Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2Oβ“˜ Melanterite

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Sulphur1.CC.05S8
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Raguinite2.CB.60TlFeS2
β“˜Cinnabar2.CD.15aHgS
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite2.EB.05a(Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
β“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
β“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
β“˜Realgar2.FA.15aAs4S4
β“˜Orpiment2.FA.30As2S3
β“˜LorΓ‘ndite2.HD.05TlAsS2
β“˜Christite2.HD.15TlHgAsS3
β“˜Imhofite2.HD.30Tl5.8As15.4S26
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Arsenolite4.CB.50As2O3
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
β“˜Dolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜Jarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
β“˜Melanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 Β· H2O
β“˜Halotrichite7.CB.85FeAl2(SO4)4 Β· 22H2O
β“˜Pickeringite7.CB.85MgAl2(SO4)4 Β· 22H2O
β“˜Alum-(K)7.CC.20KAl(SO4)2 Β· 12H2O
β“˜Lanmuchangite (TL)7.CC.20Tl+Al(SO4)2 Β· 12H2O
β“˜Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Fibroferrite7.DC.15Fe3+(SO4)(OH) Β· 5H2O
β“˜Scheelite7.GA.05Ca(WO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
β“˜Scorodite8.CD.10Fe3+AsO4 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Picropharmacolite8.CH.15Ca4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 Β· 11H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜Muscovite
var. Sericite		9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Dickite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
β“˜Kaolinite9.ED.05Al2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Unclassified
β“˜'Limonite'-
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)'-Tl6CuAs16S40
β“˜'Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)'-TlSnAsS3
β“˜'Unnamed (Tl Arsenide-Sulphide)'-Tl2AsS3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Hβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hβ“˜ PicropharmacoliteCa4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
Hβ“˜ Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Cβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ ArsenoliteAs2O3
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Oβ“˜ DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Oβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oβ“˜ PicropharmacoliteCa4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
Oβ“˜ Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
Oβ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgβ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Mgβ“˜ PicropharmacoliteCa4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
Mgβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alβ“˜ Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ DickiteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ KaoliniteAl2(Si2O5)(OH)4
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ ChristiteTlHgAsS3
Sβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
Sβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sβ“˜ ImhofiteTl5.8As15.4S26
Sβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sβ“˜ LorΓ‘nditeTlAsS2
Sβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sβ“˜ OrpimentAs2S3
Sβ“˜ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sβ“˜ Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ RaguiniteTlFeS2
Sβ“˜ RealgarAs4S4
Sβ“˜ SulphurS8
Sβ“˜ LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sβ“˜ Pyrite var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
Sβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl6CuAs16S40
Sβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)TlSnAsS3
Sβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl2AsS3
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kβ“˜ Alum-(K)KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Kβ“˜ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ CalciteCaCO3
Caβ“˜ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caβ“˜ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caβ“˜ PicropharmacoliteCa4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
Caβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
FeIron
Feβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feβ“˜ FibroferriteFe3+(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feβ“˜ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feβ“˜ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ RaguiniteTlFeS2
Feβ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Feβ“˜ Pyrite var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl6CuAs16S40
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenoliteAs2O3
Asβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asβ“˜ ChristiteTlHgAsS3
Asβ“˜ ImhofiteTl5.8As15.4S26
Asβ“˜ LorΓ‘nditeTlAsS2
Asβ“˜ OrpimentAs2S3
Asβ“˜ PicropharmacoliteCa4Mg(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 11H2O
Asβ“˜ RealgarAs4S4
Asβ“˜ ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Asβ“˜ Pyrite var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
Asβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl6CuAs16S40
Asβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)TlSnAsS3
Asβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl2AsS3
SnTin
Snβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)TlSnAsS3
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
WTungsten
Wβ“˜ ScheeliteCa(WO4)
HgMercury
Hgβ“˜ ChristiteTlHgAsS3
Hgβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
TlThallium
Tlβ“˜ ChristiteTlHgAsS3
Tlβ“˜ ImhofiteTl5.8As15.4S26
Tlβ“˜ LorΓ‘nditeTlAsS2
Tlβ“˜ RaguiniteTlFeS2
Tlβ“˜ LanmuchangiteTl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Tlβ“˜ Pyrite var. Thallium- and Arsenic-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Tl)(S,As)2
Tlβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Cu Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl6CuAs16S40
Tlβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl-Sn Arsenide-Sulphide)TlSnAsS3
Tlβ“˜ Unnamed (Tl Arsenide-Sulphide)Tl2AsS3

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
China
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

bibvir.uqac.ca (n.d.) http://bibvir.uqac.ca/theses/12774896/12774896.pdf
Shuren An, Xianguo An, and Xilin Li (1988): Discovery and Study of Rare Natural Christite in Guizhou. Guizhou Geology 5(4), 377.
Chen, D. (1989): The discovery and study of lorandite in China. Kuangwu Xuebao (Acta Mineralogica Sinica), 9 (2), 141-147 (in Chinese).
Li, X., An, X., Nan, J. (1989): The second discovery of christite in nature. Chinese Science Bulletin 34(11), 942-945.
Zhang, Z., Zhang, B. (1996): Thallium in low-temperature ore deposits, China. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 15, 87-96 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhang Zhong, Zhang Baogui, Long Jiangping, Zhang Xingmao, and Chen Guoli (1998): Thallium pollution associated with mining of thallium deposits. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 41(1), 45-81.
Zhenxi Zou and Daiyan Chen (1998): The discovery of exsolution texture on christite in Lanmuchang thallium ore deposit and its significance. Journal of Guizhou University of Technology 19(4), xx-xx.
Zhang, B.-G. and Zhang, Z. (2000): Biogenic lorandite and its geological significance in Xingren County, Guizhou Province, China. Gaoxiao Dizhi Xuebao (Geological Journal of China Universities) 6(2), 349-355 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Zhong Zhang, Guoli Chen, Baogui Zhang, Yecai Chen, and Xingmao Zhang (2000): The Lanmuchang Tl deposit and its environmental geochemistry. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 43(1), 50-62.
Zhong Zhang, Guoli Chen, Baogui Zhang, Yecai Chen, and Xingmao Zhang (2000): The marks for the prospecting of ores and the indices for the identifying of contamination are the high contents of Tl, Hg, As in plants and animals in the Lanmuchang Tl mining district. Geology and Prospecting 36(5), 27-30.
Tangfu Xiao (2001): Environmental impact of thallium related to the mercury-thallium-gold mineralization in southwest Guizhou Province, China. PhD Thesis, University of Chicoutimi (QuΓ©bec), Canada, 250 pp. [http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ65214.pdf]
Tangfu Xiao, Guha, J., and Boyle, D. (2004): High thallium content in rocks associated with Au–As–Hg–Tl and coal mineralization and its adverse environmental potential in SW Guizhou, China. Geochemistry: Exploration, Environment, Analysis, 4(3), 243-252.
Zhang, Jie; Sun, Chuan-min; Zhang, Bao-gui; Yang, En-lin (2007): Scanning electron microscopic study of minerals in Lanmuchang Hg-Tl deposit, Xingren, Guizhou province. Kuangwu Xuebao 27(3/4), 505-510 (in Chinese).
Zhang Zhong, Zhang Baogui, Hu Jing, Yao Linbo, and Tian Yifu (2007): A preliminary discussion on the bio-metallogenesis of Tl deposits in the low-temperature minerogenetic province of southwestern China. Science in China, Series D (Earth Sciences), 50(3), 359-370.
Lin, J., Yin, M., Wang, J., Liu, J., Tsang, D.C.W., Wang, Y., Lin, M., Li, H., Zhou, Y., Song, G., Chen, Y. (2020): Geochemical fractionation of thallium in contaminated soils near a large-scale Hg-Tl mineralized area. Chemosphere, 239, 124775.
Ning, Zengping; Liu, Enguang; Yao, Dongju; Xiao, Tangfu; Ma, Liang; Liu, Yizhang; Li, Hang; Liu, Chengshuai (2021): Contamination, oral bioaccessibility and human health risk assessment of thallium and other metal(loid)s in farmland soils around a historic Tl-Hg mining area. Science of the Total Environment 758, 143577.
Zhao, Fengqi; Gu, Shangyi; Hao, Likai; Cheng, Hongguang; Liu, Lingfei (2021): Secondary sulfate minerals from pyrite oxidation in Lanmuchang Hg-Tl deposit, southwest Guizhou Province, China: Geochemistry and environmental significance. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 107(6), 1004-1011.
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