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Wittichenite

Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Stephan Wolfsried

Show Wittichenite Photos (9)
Formula:
Cu
 
3
BiS
 
3
System:OrthorhombicColour:Lead grey, bronze, ...
Hardness:2 - 3
Name:Named after its discovery locality, Neuglück Mine, Wittichen, Baden-Würtemberg, Germany.
This page provides mineralogical data about Wittichenite.

Classification of Wittichenite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:2/E.03-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:2.GA.20

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
A : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. without additional S
Dana 7th edition ID:3.4.8.1
Dana 8th edition ID:3.4.8.1

3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
Hey's CIM Ref.:5.1.9

5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
1 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Cu
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Type Occurrence of Wittichenite

Type Locality:Wittichen, Schenkenzell, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Year of Discovery:1853

Physical Properties of Wittichenite

Lustre:Metallic
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Lead grey, bronze, tin-white, steel-gray, yellow
Streak:Black
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 3
Tenacity:Brittle
Cleavage:None Observed
Density (measured):6.3 - 6.7 g/cm3
Density (calculated):6.23 g/cm3

Crystallography of Wittichenite

Crystal System:Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):2 2 2 - Disphenoidal
Space Group:P21 21 21
Cell Parameters:a = 7.68Å, b = 10.33Å, c = 6.7Å
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.743 : 1 : 0.649
Unit Cell Volume:V 528.34 ų
Z:4
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Chemical Properties of Wittichenite

Formula:
Cu
 
3
BiS
 
3
Essential elements:Bi, Cu, S
All elements listed in formula:Bi, Cu, S
Common Impurities:Ag

Relationship of Wittichenite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
2.GA.05Proustite
Ag
 
3
AsS
 
3
2.Ga.05Pyrargyrite
Ag
 
3
SbS
 
3
2.GA.10Pyrostilpnite
Ag
 
3
SbS
 
3
2.GA.10Xanthoconite
Ag
 
3
AsS
 
3
2.GA.15Samsonite
Ag
 
4
MnSb
 
2
S
 
6
2.GA.20Skinnerite
Cu
 
3
SbS
 
3
2.GA.25Lapieite
NiCuSbS
 
3
2.GA.25Mückeite
NiCu(Bi,Sb)S
 
3
2.GA.25IMA2007-003
PtCuBiS
 
3
2.GA.30Aktashite
Cu
 
6
Hg
 
3
As
 
4
S
 
12
2.GA.30Gruzdevite
Cu
 
6
Hg
 
3
Sb
 
4
S
 
12
2.GA.30Nowackiite
Cu
 
6
Zn
 
3
As
 
4
S
 
12
2.GA.35Laffittite
AgHgAsS
 
3
2.GA.40Routhierite
CuHg
 
2
TlAs
 
2
S
 
6
2.GA.40Stalderite
(Tl,Cu)(Zn,Fe,Hg)AsS
 
3
2.GA.45Erniggliite
Tl
 
2
SnAs
 
2
S
 
6
2.GA.50Bournonite
PbCuSbS
 
3
2.GA.50Seligmannite
PbCuAsS
 
3
2.GA.50Součekite
PbCuBi(S,Se)
 
3
2.GA.55Malyshevite
PdCuBiS
 
3
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
5.1.1Sinnerite
Cu
 
6
As
 
4
S
 
9
5.1.2Tennantite
(Cu,Ag,Fe,Zn)
 
12
As
 
4
S
 
13
5.1.4Chalcostibite
CuSbS
 
2
5.1.5Tetrahedrite
(Cu,Fe,Ag,Zn)
 
12
Sb
 
4
S
 
13
5.1.6Goldfieldite
Cu
 
12
(Te,Sb,As)
 
4
S
 
13
5.1.7Emplectite
CuBiS
 
2
5.1.8Cuprobismutite
Cu
 
10
Bi
 
12
S
 
23
5.1.10Hodrušhite
Cu
 
8
Bi
 
12
S
 
22
5.1.11Giraudite
(Cu,Zn,Ag)
 
12
(As,Sb)
 
4
(Se,S)
 
13
5.1.11Permingeatite
Cu
 
3
SbSe
 
4

Other Names for Wittichenite

Synonyms:
Cupriferous Sulphuret of BismuthKupferwismuterzWittichite
French names:
Bismuth sulfuré cuprifère
German names:
Kupferwismutglanz (of Naumann)Wittichenit
Russian names:
Виттихенит
Spanish names:
Wittichenita
Varieties:
Argentian Wittichenite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Wittichenite

Reference List:Palache, Charles, Harry Berman & Clifford Frondel (1944), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana Yale University 1837-1892, Volume I: Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 373.

Economic Geology (1947): 42: 147-160.

Acta Crystallographica: B29: 2528-2535.

Mineralogical Magazine (1979): 43: 109.

Internet Links for Wittichenite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Wittichenite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Wittichenite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Wittichenite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    		Paar, W., Roberts, A.C., Topa, D., Zagler, G., Berlepsch, P., Armbruster, Th. (2004): Putzite, (Cu4.7 Ag3.3)GeS6, a new mineral species from Capillitas, Catamarca, Argentina: description and crystal structure. Canadian Mineralogist: 42: 1757-1769.
    • Chubut
      • Gastre
    		Brodtkorb (2002): Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina
    Topa, D., Makovicky, E., Paar, W., Brodtkorb, M. (2004): The crystal structure of Angelaite, Cu2AgPbBiS4, a new mineral species from Angela mine, Province of Chubut, Argentina. 32nd IGC - Florence, 2004.
    • Salta
      • Organullo Mining District
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Buccleuch Co.
    • Northern Territory
      • Tennant Inlier
        • Tennant Creek
    		Modat Mineral Occurrence database; Northern Territory Geological Survey 2002.
    Modat Mineral Occurrence database; Northern Territory Geological Survey 2002.
    Modat Mineral Occurrence database; Northern Territory Geological Survey 2002.
    • South Australia
      • Andamooka Ranges - Lake Torrens area
        • Stuart Shelf area
          • Mt Gunson
    		[MinRec 14:50, 15:110]
    • Tasmania
      • Queenstown district
    		Ralph Bottrill et al in prep.
    Bottrill RS & Baker, WE (in prep) Catalogue of Minerals of Tasmania. Mineral Resources Tasmania
    • Victoria
      • Benambra
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Saualpe Mts
        • Bad St Leonhard
          • Kliening
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    • Lower Austria
      • Bucklige Welt
        • Aspang-Markt
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Belgium
     
    • Luxembourg Province
      • Stavelot Massif
    		No reference listed
    Bolivia
     
    • La Paz Department
      • Inquisivi Province
        • Caracoles district
    		Salomon Rivas & Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    • Potosí Department
      • Sud Chichas Province
        • Atocha-Quechisla District
    		Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) Los Minerales de Bolivia y sus Parajes. (Santa Cruz)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Pazardzhik (Pazardjik) Oblast
      • Srednogorie (Sredna Gora; Srdnia Gora) Region
        • Panagyurishte (Panagurishte) Obshchina
    		http://link.springer-ny.com/link/service/journals/00126/contents/02/00275/s00126-002-0275-6ch002.html
          • Chelopech
    		American Mineralogist (1966): 51: 29-36
    • Vratsa (Vratza) Oblast
      • Balkan Mts (Stara-Planina Mts)
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Atlin Mining Division
        • Rainy Hollow District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    • New Brunswick
      • Charlotte Township
        • Fredericton
    • Nova Scotia
      • Lunenberg Co.
        • New Ross
    		http://is2.dal.ca/~dommelen/NewRoss.html.
    http://is2.dal.ca/~dommelen/NewRoss.html.
    • Ontario
      • Kenora District
        • Pickle Lake
      • Timiskaming District
        • Coleman Township
          • Cobalt
    		geological survey of canada paper 73-13
          • Glen Lake
    		Dana 7:I:343.
    China
     
    • Anhui Province
      • Tongling Prefecture
        • Tongling Mining District
          • Xinqiao ore field
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
    • Hubei Province
      • Huangshi Prefecture
        • Daye Co.
          • Edong Mining District
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
        • Yangxin Co.
          • Jiurui Mining District
            • Fengshan ore field
    		Yiming Zhao, Yinan Zhang, and Chengsi Bi (1999): Ore Geology Reviews 14, 227-249.
    • Jiangsu Province
      • Nanjing Prefecture
        • Jiangning District
          • Ningzhen Mining District
    		Xiangping, G., Watanabe, M., Ohkawa, M., Hoshino, K., Shibata, Y., and Desong, C. (2001): Canadian Mineralogist 39(6), 1641-1652.
    • Shandong Province
      • Jiaodong Gold Province
        • Yantai Prefecture
          • Zhaoyuan Co.
    		Xiang-Ping Gu, Makoto Watanabe, Kenichi Hoshino, and Yasuhiro Shibata (2003): European Journal of Mineralogy 15(1), 147-155.
    • Tibet Autonomous Region
      • Shannan Prefecture
        • Nêdong (Naidong; Zedang) Co.
    		Guangming Li, Kezhang Qin, Kuishou Ding, Tiebing Liu, Jinxiang Li, Shaohuai Wang, Shanyuan Jiang, and Xingchun Zhang (2006): Resource Geology 56(3), 315-336.
    Guangming Li, Kezhang Qin, Kuishou Ding, Tiebing Liu, Jinxiang Li, Shaohuai Wang, Shanyuan Jiang, and Xingchun Zhang (2006): Resource Geology 56(3), 315-336.
        • Sangri Co.
    		Guangming Li, Kezhang Qin, Kuishou Ding, Tiebing Liu, Jinxiang Li, Shaohuai Wang, Shanyuan Jiang, and Xingchun Zhang (2006): Resource Geology 56(3), 315-336.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Bas-Rhin
        • Bruche valley (Breuch valley)
          • Rothau
    		J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
          • Schirmeck
            • Framont - Grandfontaine area
              • Framont
    		A. Wittern, J.-R. Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Munster
    		J.-L. Hohl: "Minéraux et Mines du Massif Vosgien", Editions du Rhin (Mulhouse), 1994
        • Ste Marie-aux-Mines (Markirch)
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
    • Auvergne
      • Allier
        • Le Mayet-de-Montagne
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
      • Haute-Loire
        • Paulhaguet
          • Jax
            • La Ribeyrette (La Fioure; La Fiouve) & La Fauvette valleys
    		P.G. Pélisson : "Etude Minéralogique et Métallogénique du District Filonien Polytype de Paulhaguet (Haute-Loire, Massif Central Français)", Doctorate Thesis, Orléans, France, 1989
    • Limousin
      • Haute-Vienne
        • Nantiat
          • Vaulry
    		P. Cantinolle et al. , Bull. Minéral. , 1985, 108, pp. 245-248
    • Lorraine
      • Vosges
        • Upper Moselle Valley
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", von Loga (Cologne), 1997
        • Val-d'Ajol
          • Faymont
            • Les Roches valley - Bois de la Vèche area
    		J.C. Escande, Z. Johan, J. Lougnon, P. Picot, F. Pillard : "Note sur la présence de minéraux de bismuth dans un filon de barytine et fluorine à Faymont, près Le Val-d'Ajol (Vosges)", Bull. Soc. Fr. Minéral. Cristallogr. , 1973, 96, 398-399.
    Lheur C., Moreau F. (1994), Les minéralisations du filon du Bas Hérival près du Val d'Ajol (Vosges), Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°2, pp: 3-14
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Alpes-Maritimes
        • Guillaumes
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J. Feraud, J. Vernet : "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France, N° 4, Alpes Maritimes", BRGM, 1974
      • Hautes-Alpes
        • Lautaret pass area
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, P.A. Poulain, "Inventaire Minéralogique de la France : Hautes-Alpes", BRGM, 1972
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Alpirsbach
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Furtwangen
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Hausach
    		Lapis 23(4), 13-17 (1998)
        • Schenkenzell
    		Kobell, 1853; Mineralogical Magazine, 43, pp. 109 (1979)
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		Dana 7:I:362&373; K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
            • Burgfelsen
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    No reference listed
            • Gallenbach valley
    		Dana 7:I:373.
    Dana 7:I:373.
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schiltach
          • Schöngrund
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
          • Stammelbach valley
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
        • Triberg
          • Nußbach
            • Hintertal
    		No reference listed
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1997): Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (19. Folge). - Mineralien-Welt, 8 (5), 32-36; WALENTA, K. (1995): Neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara. 6. Folge, 1. Teil. - Lapis 20 (5), 33-38; KOLITSCH, U. (1997): Ianthinit und weitere Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald. - Erzgräber 11 (2), 76-88.
        • Zell am Harmersbach
          • Nordrach
    		No reference listed
    • Bavaria
      • Franconia
        • Fichtelgebirge
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Spessart Mts
          • Schöllkrippen
            • Sommerkahl
    		Aufschluss 1970(5), 163-168
          • Waldaschaff
    		Lorenz, J., Schmitt, R., Hahn, W. (2007): Rhabdophan und Cuprobismutit von der Barytgrube "Pauline" in Waldaschaff im Spessart, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 58, 41-54
      • Upper Palatinate
        • Oberpfälzer Wald
          • Vohenstrauß
            • Waidhaus
              • Hagendorf
    		http://www.berthold-weber.de/h_miner.htm
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Gadernheim
    		No reference listed
          • Reichenbach
            • Hohenstein
    		No reference listed
        • Heppenheim
          • Sonderbach
            • Kohlplatte Mt.
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Kohlenbach Valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Gosenbach
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Salchendorf
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Siegen
          • Weidenau
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
        • Wilnsdorf
          • Wilden
    		Magma 1984(2), 43-49
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Siegerland
        • Betzdorf
          • Schutzbach
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Wissen
          • Voßwinkel
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		The Canadian Mineralogist, V 42, 2004, pp. 1719-1732.
        • Schmiedeberg
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
          • Trachykera area
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Greenland
     
    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
      • Arsuk
        • Arsuk Firth
          • Ivittuut (Ivigtut)
    		[www.hedegaard.com]
    Hungary
     
    • Heves Co.
      • Mátra Mts.
        • Recsk
    		Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min. Spec., 1993
    Szakáll & Jánosi: Minerals of Hungary, 1995
    Italy
     
    • Lombardy
      • Sondrio Province
        • Masino Valley
    		AA. VV., 1996. Collezionare minerali. Hobby & Work.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Shimoda City
            • Rendaiji
    		(Several japanese language references; no good reference available in english yet, but will be published soon.)
      • Chugoku Region
        • Okayama Prefecture
          • Takahashi
    		Matsueda, H. (1981) Journal of the Mining College, Akita University, Ser. A, Mining Geology, 6, #1, 1-43.
      • Kanto region
        • Tochigi Prefecture
          • Ashio
    		Nakamura, T. & Aikawa,N. (1973) Journal of Geosciences, Osaka City University, 16, 1-10.
      • Tohoku Region
        • Yamagata Prefecture
    		Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    Mexico
     
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Moctezuma
    		Lapis 2001(1), 11-40
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Namibia
     
    • Erongo Region
      • Swakopmund District
        • Arandis
    		Bürg, G. , Die Nutzbaren Minerallagerstätten von Deutsch-Südwestafrika (1942), p.80-83
    North Korea
     
    • North Hwanghae Province
      • Suan-gun
        • Hol Kol Mine (Holgol; Suan; Namjong)
    		Resource Geology, vol. 50, no. 4, 213-228, 2000
    Norway
     
    • Telemark
      • Fyresdal
        • Moisesberg mines
    		Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271 + Neumann (1985, p. 45).
    Nordrum, F.S. & Larsen, A.O. (1995): Erts- og sekundærmineraler fra De Lampertiske Duers gruve, Moiseberg kobberverk i Fyresdal. Bergverksmuseet Skrift 9,38-41
    Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271 + Neumann (1985, p. 45).
      • Tokke
        • Åmdals Verk
          • Åmdal Mines
    		Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271+ Neumann (1985, p. 45).
    Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271 + Neumann (1985, p. 45).
    Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271 + Neumann (1985, p. 45).
        • Skafså
    		Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271 + Neumann (1985, p. 45).
    Nordrum (1972); Neumann (1985, p. 45); Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
    Nordrum, F.S. (1972): Contribution to the Mineralogy of Norway No.49. Wittichenite, Cu3BiS3, from Tokke and Fyresdal in West Telemark. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 52: 257-271
    Peru
     
    • Huánuco Department
      • Dos de Mayo Province
        • Huallanca District
    		No reference listed
    • Pasco Department
      • Alcides Carrión Province
        • Cerro de Pasco
          • Tinyahuarco District
    		Min.Rec., 28, no.4 (1997)
    Poland
     
    • Lower Silesia (Dolnośląskie)
      • Kłodzko District
    		Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols: "Handbook of Mineralogy", Vol. 1, 1990
      • Legnica
    		Kucha H. 1982: Platinum metals in the Zechstein copper deposits, Poland. Econ. Geol., 77, 1578-1591
          • Lubin
    		Harańczyk C. 1972: Mineralizacja kruszcowa dolnocechsztyńskich osadów euksenicznych monokliny przedsudeckiej. Arch. Miner. T.30, z. 1-2
      • Lwówek District
        • Gierczyn-Przecznica area
    		Piestrzyński A., Mochnacka K., Mayer W., Kucha H. 1992: Native gold (electrum), Fe-Co-Ni arsenides and sulphoarsenides in the mica schists from Przecznica, the Kamienica Range, SW Poland. Mineralogia Polonica, vol. 23, no 1, 27-42
      • Rudawy Janowickie Mts
        • Czarnów
          • Rędziny
    		Gołębiowska B., Pieczka A., Parafiniuk J. 2006: Cu(Ag)-Pb-Bi(Sb) sulphosalts from Rędziny (Western Sudetes, Poland). Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 78-80
    Romania
     
    • Bihor Co.
      • Nucet
        • Băiţa Mining District (Baita Bihor; Rézbánya)
          • Bolfu III Mine
    		Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40, pp. 1693-1703 (2002)
    • Maramures Co.
      • Baiut
    		Mitt. .Österr. Miner. Ges. 143 (1998)
    Russia
     
    • Far-Eastern Region
      • Primorskiy Kray
        • Dal'negorsk (Dalnegorsk)
    		Min Rec vol 32, pp 7-30 (2001)
    • Northern Caucasus Region
      • Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
        • Baksan Valley
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    • Northern Region
      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
        • North Karelia
    		[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Štiavnica Mts
    		Ďuďa R.,Kotuľak P., Káňa R., 1993: Bergbau und Mineralien von Banská Štiavnica (Schemnitz), Slowakei. Emser Hefte, 14, 3, 1-70, Haltern
    Am Min 56:3-4 p 633
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Medzev
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
        • Smolnik Mining District
          • Smolnícka Huta
    		Koděra, M. et al., 1986 a 1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel 1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590
        • Spišská Nová Ves Mining District
          • Novoveská Huta
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    • Prešov Region
      • Northern Slanské Mts
    		Duda et. all.,1981:Minerály severnej časti Slanských vrchov. Min.Slovca,Monografia 2,Bratislava, 98 p
    South Africa
     
    • Limpopo Province
      • Potgietersrust District (Zaaiplaats tin field)
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Córdoba
        • Villanueva de Córdoba
    		Schnorrer, G. (2000): Die Minerale der ehemaligen Grube Espuela de San Miguel bei Villanueva de Cordoba, Prov. Cordoba in Spanien. Der Aufschluss, 51, 211-222. (in German)
    • Asturias
      • Salas
        • Carlés
    		D. Arcos et al. , Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, pp. 975-985.
    Sweden
     
    • Dalsland
      • Mellerud
    • Gästrikland
      • Gävle
        • Sandviken
    		GFF (1984) 106:4, 305-317
    • Småland
      • Oskarshamn
    		No reference listed
      • Västervik
    		No reference listed
    • Södermanland
      • Nyköping
        • Tunaberg
    		Mineralogy and Petrology (1991) 44 (1-2), 1438-1168
    Mineralogy and Petrology (1991) 44 (1-2), 1438-1168
    • Värmland
      • Filipstad
    		Nysten, P., Holtstam, D. and Jonsson, E. (1999) The Långban minerals. In Långban - The mines,their minerals, geology and explorers (D. Holtstam and J. Langhof, eds.), Swedish Museum of Natural History and Raster Förlag, Stockholm & Chr. Weise Verlag, Munich, pp. 89-183.
    • Västmanland
      • Skinnskatteberg
        • Riddarhyttan
    		Kjell Gatedal
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Anniviers Valley
        • Grimentz
    		Picot, P. and Johan, Z. (1977). Atlas des Minéraux Métalliques, BRGM, Elsevier
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cornwall
        • Callington District
          • Gunnislake Area
    		Dr. Kurt Greenwall collection (Dr. Werner H. Paar analyses)
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Pendeen
    		No reference listed
            • Trewellard
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • South Western Region (Furness)
          • Coniston District
    		BMS Database
    • Scotland
      • Tayside (Perthshire)
    		Chapman, R.J.; Shaw, M.H.; Leake, R.C.; Jackson, B. (2005): Gold mineralisation in the Central Ochil Hills, Perthsire, Scotland, UK. Applied Earth Science 114, 53-64.
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 12:315]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 422; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 422.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Pinal Mts
          • Pioneer District
            • Superior
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 422; Barnes, R. & M. Hay (1983), Famous mineral localities: The Magma Mine, Min.Rec.: 14: 72-82; Hammer, D.F. & D.W. Peterson (1968), Geology of the Magma mine area, AZ, in J.D. Ridge (editor), Ore deposits of the United States, 1933-1967, A.I.M.E.: 1282-1310.
    • California
      • Plumas Co.
        • Last Chance District
          • Spring Creek area
    		[MinRecord 29:165]
    • Colorado
      • San Juan Co.
        • Silverton District
          • Poughkeepsie Gulch
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Summit Co.
        • Monte Cristo Area
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckels
    • Georgia
      • Jasper Co.
        • Monticello
    		Rocks & Min.:64:198.
    • Montana
      • Silver Bow Co.
        • Butte District
          • Butte
    		The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    The Mineralogy of The Butte District, Montana; Guilbert and Zeihen 1964
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. Ed., 1996
    • Virginia
      • Fairfax Co.
        • Culpeper Basin
          • Centreville
    		[MinRec 3:177, 3:179]
      • Halifax Co.
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    Mineral and/or Locality
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