Colemanite

Colemanite

Gharah Gol Boron Mine, Dandi, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran

Colemanite, etc.

Rio Tinto Borax open pit, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Rio Tinto Borax open pit, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Gharah Gol Boron Mine, Dandi, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran

Colemanite, etc.

Rio Tinto Borax open pit, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Rio Tinto Borax open pit, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Boron, Kern County, California, USA

Colemanite

Gharah Gol Boron Mine, Dandi, Mahneshan County, Zanjan Province, Iran

Colemanite, etc.

Rio Tinto Borax open pit, Rio Tinto Borax Mine, Kramer Borate deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA

About ColemaniteHide

William Tell Coleman

Formula:

Ca[B₃O₄(OH)₃] · H₂O

Colour:

Colourless, white, yellowish, grey; colourless in transitted light

Lustre:

Adamantine, Vitreous

Hardness:

4½

Specific Gravity:

2.423

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Name:

Named in 1883 in honor of William Tell Coleman (29 February 1824, Cynthiana, Kentucky, USA - 22 November 1893, San Fransico, California, USA), a founder of the California borax industry and owner of the mine where the mineral was first found.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Furnace Creek Mining District (Furnace Creek Borate Mining District), Inyo County, California, USA

The fluorescence observed for Turkish specimens may come from As³⁺ and/or As⁵⁺, that were found to be present in the amount up to 125 ppm (Helvacı et al, 2017).

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Colemanite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of ColemaniteHide

Classification of ColemaniteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of ColemaniteHide

Optical Data of ColemaniteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.586 n_β = 1.592 n_γ = 1.614

2V:

Measured: 55° to 56°, Calculated: 56°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.028

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

relatively weak r > v

Optical Extinction:

X = b; Y ∧ c = -6°; Z ∧ c = 84°.

Chemistry of ColemaniteHide

Crystallography of ColemaniteHide

Crystallographic forms of ColemaniteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Colemanite no.6 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Colemanite no.46 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0005295	Colemanite	Burns P C, Hawthorne F C (1993) Hydrogen bonding in colemanite: An X-ray and structure-energy study The Canadian Mineralogist 31 297-304		1993		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Colemanite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'Burns P C' 'Hawthorne F C' _journal_name_full 'The Canadian Mineralogist' _journal_volume 31 _journal_year 1993 _journal_page_first 297 _journal_page_last 304 _publ_section_title ; Hydrogen bonding in colemanite: An X-ray and structure-energy study ; _database_code_amcsd 0005295 _chemical_formula_sum 'Ca.94 B3 O8 H5' _cell_length_a 8.712 _cell_length_b 11.247 _cell_length_c 6.091 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 110.12 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 560.398 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 2.408 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/a 1' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2+x,1/2-y,z' '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z' '-x,-y,-z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z _atom_site_occupancy _atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv Ca 0.63480 0.21106 0.73664 0.94000 0.01020 B1 0.33430 0.21260 0.31360 1.00000 0.00750 B2 0.03970 0.17090 0.16220 1.00000 0.00660 B3 0.22070 0.05230 0.49620 1.00000 0.00690 O1 -0.01820 0.24675 0.31560 1.00000 0.00910 O2 0.18860 0.23140 0.13900 1.00000 0.00810 O-h3 -0.07980 0.16390 -0.07240 1.00000 0.01020 O4 0.34220 0.14800 0.50980 1.00000 0.01070 O5 0.08720 0.05558 0.27100 1.00000 0.00760 O-h6 0.29450 -0.06600 0.51440 1.00000 0.01300 O-h7 0.16680 0.07700 0.69720 1.00000 0.01080 OW8 0.61370 0.01870 0.90080 1.00000 0.01780 H1 -0.07500 0.08500 -0.13000 1.00000 0.02000 H2 0.33400 -0.10100 0.66900 1.00000 0.02000 H3 0.08000 0.02500 0.69900 1.00000 0.02000 H4 0.70100 -0.02500 0.01000 1.00000 0.02000 H5 0.51600 -0.01300 0.91900 1.00000 0.02000 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Ca 0.00940 0.01180 0.00730 0.00070 0.00020 0.00030 B1 0.00650 0.00870 0.00690 -0.00010 0.00190 0.00030 B2 0.00590 0.00690 0.00650 0.00020 0.00140 -0.00040 B3 0.00690 0.00800 0.00580 -0.00050 0.00230 -0.00010 O1 0.00630 0.01140 0.00880 0.00180 0.00170 -0.00310 O2 0.00490 0.01120 0.00740 -0.00090 0.00110 0.00260 O-h3 0.00830 0.01150 0.00720 0.00180 -0.00200 -0.00200 O4 0.00880 0.01420 0.00690 -0.00440 -0.00030 0.00360 O5 0.00740 0.00630 0.00720 -0.00040 0.00000 -0.00010 O-h6 0.01720 0.01000 0.01030 0.00570 0.00260 0.00120 O-h7 0.01200 0.01280 0.00900 -0.00180 0.00540 -0.00120 OW8 0.01900 0.01660 0.01730 -0.00030 0.00560 0.00280

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set: Kramer deposit, Boron, Kern County, California, USA 866 Thompson mine, Death Valley, Inyo County, California, USA 1523

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.13 Å	(100)
5.64 Å	(50)
3.85 Å	(50)
2.550 Å	(50)
2.010 Å	(50)
4.00 Å	(36)
3.29 Å	(36)

Comments:

Twenty Mule Team Canyon, Death Valley, USA.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of ColemaniteHide

Synonyms of ColemaniteHide

Other Language Names for ColemaniteHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of ColemaniteHide

Other InformationHide

Colemanite in petrologyHide

Internet Links for ColemaniteHide

References for ColemaniteHide

Localities for ColemaniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Argentina
Catamarca Province Antofagasta de la Sierra Department ⓘ Habana Mine	Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas.
ⓘ Hortencia Mine	Dirección Provincial de Geología y Minería de la Provincia de Catamarca (1970). Padrón de Minas.
ⓘ Tincalayu Mine
Jujuy Province Susques Department Coranzuli ⓘ Loma Blanca borate deposit	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1-27. Alonso, R. N. (1999). On the origin of La Puna borates. Acta geológica hispánica, 34(2), 141-166. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
Sijes ⓘ Domingo I mine	www.sijes.com.ar
ⓘ Domingo mine	www.sijes.com.ar
ⓘ Esperanza deposit	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1-27. Alonso, R. N. (1999). On the origin of La Puna borates. Acta geológica hispánica, 34(2), 141-166. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
ⓘ Monte Amarillo mine	Alonso, R. N. (1999). On the origin of La Puna borates. Acta geológica hispánica, 34(2), 141-166.
ⓘ Monteverde deposit	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1-27. Garrett, D.E. (1998): Borates - Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties and Use. Academic Press (San Diego, London), 475 pp. Alonso, R. N. (1999). On the origin of La Puna borates. Acta geológica hispánica, 34(2), 141-166. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
ⓘ Santa Rosa mine	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1-27. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina Galliski, M. A., Cooper, M. A., Marquez-Zavalia, M. F., Hawthorne, F. C. (2010) Alfredstelznerite: A new species of calcium borate hydrate from the Santa Rosa mine, Salta, northwestern Argentina. The Canadian Mineralogist, 48 (1) 123-128 doi:10.3749/canmin.48.1.123
ⓘ Sol de Mañana mine	www.sijes.com.ar
Tumbaya Department ⓘ Salinas Grandes	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
ⓘ Salar del Hombre Muerto	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry
Salta Province Los Andes department San Antonio de los Cobres Salar de Pastos Grandes ⓘ Pastos Grandes Project
Belarus
Minsk Region Salihorsk District Soligorsk ⓘ Starobin Deposit	USGS MRDS database potash: https://mrdata.usgs.gov/potash/show-potash.php?rec_no=55
Bolivia
Potosí Sud Lípez Province ⓘ Salar de Challviri (Boratera de Challviri)	USGS Bulletin # 1975, p. 254 (1992)
Canada
New Brunswick Kings Co. Cardwell Parish Penobsquis ⓘ Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan Mine (PCS Mine; Potash Corporation of America Mine)	Grice, J. D., Gault, R. A., Van Velthuizen, J. (2005) Borate minerals of the Penobsquis and Millstream deposits, southern New Brunswick, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (5) 1469-1487 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.5.1469
Hammond Parish Salt Springs evaporite deposit ⓘ Clover Hill deposit (Denison-Potacan mine; Potacan mine; Cassidy Potash mine)	Burns, P. C., Hawthorne, Franck C., Stirling, J. A. R. (1992) Trembathite, (Mg,Fe)3B7O13Cl, a new borate mineral from the Salt Springs potash deposit, Sussex, New Brunswick. The Canadian Mineralogist, 30 (2) 445-448
Studholm Parish ⓘ Millstream deposit (Millstream property)	Grice, J. D., Gault, R. A., Van Velthuizen, J. (2005) Borate minerals of the Penobsquis and Millstream deposits, southern New Brunswick, Canada. The Canadian Mineralogist, 43 (5) 1469-1487 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.43.5.1469
Greece
North Aegean Samos Western Samos ⓘ Karlovassi basin	Econ Geol (1989)84:788-798 Helvaci, C., Stamatakis, M. G., Zagouroglou, C., & Kanaris, J. (1993). Borate minerals and related authigenic silicates in northeastern Mediterranean Late Miocene continental basins. Exploration and Mining Geology, 2(2), 171-178.
India
Ladakh Leh District ⓘ Puga valley	Rathore, I.S. (2015) Exploration Potential and Economic Significance of Puga Valley Borax Deposit, Ladakh, India. International Journal for Scientific Research & Development 3:1, 191-195.
Iran
Zanjan Province Mahneshan County Dandi ⓘ Gharah Gol Boron Mine	M Nazari collection
Kazakhstan
Atyrau Region Inder District ⓘ Inder B deposit and salt dome	Pekov, I. V. & Abramov, D. V. (1993): Boron deposit of the Inder and its minerals. World of Stones, 1, 23-30. Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
ⓘ Deposit No. 06	Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp.
Mexico
Sonora Magdalena Municipality Aguja ⓘ Mesa del Almo	stratigraphy, tectonics, stable isotopes, and fluid inclusions. Economic Geology, 93(4), 510-523. Miranda-Gasca, M. A., Gomez-Caballero, J. A., & Eastoe, C. J. (1998). Borate deposits of northern Sonora, Mexico
ⓘ El Cajon deposit	Verley, C. G., & Vidal, M. F. (2011) Preliminary Resource Estimate for the El Cajon Borate Deposit Magdalena Basin Project, Sonora, Mexico. Pursuant to National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators
ⓘ Unimin (Tinaja Del Oso) deposit	stratigraphy, tectonics, stable isotopes, and fluid inclusions. Economic Geology, 93(4), 510-523. Miranda-Gasca, M. A., Gomez-Caballero, J. A., & Eastoe, C. J. (1998). Borate deposits of northern Sonora, Mexico Verley, C. G., & Vidal, M. F. (2011) Preliminary Resource Estimate for the El Cajon Borate Deposit Magdalena Basin Project, Sonora, Mexico. Pursuant to National Instrument 43-101 of the Canadian Securities Administrators
Tubutama Municipality La Salada ⓘ Borate deposit	Garrett, D.E. (1998): Borates - Handbook of Deposits, Processing, Properties and Use. Academic Press (San Diego, London), 475 pp.
Serbia
Central Serbia Raška District Raška Jarandol Basin Baljevac na Ibru Bela Stena ⓘ Drill site 1	Econ Geol (1992) 87:2169-2174
ⓘ Drill site 2	Econ Geol (1992) 87:2169-2174
ⓘ Pobrdzhsky Potok & Peskanya deposits	Malinko, S.V., Aničić, S., Joksomović, D., Lisitsyn, A.E., Rudnev, V.V., Dorokhova, G.I., Yamnova, N.A., Vlasov, V.V., Ozol, A.A., Chukanov, N.V. (2004): Jarandolite Ca[B3O4(OH)3], calcium borate from Serbia: new name and new data. New Data on Minerals, 39, 26-31.
Turkey
Balikesir Province Bigadiç District ⓘ Arkagünevi deposit	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Beğendikler deposit	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Bigadiç Mine	Helvaci, Cahit A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9, 1-27. Alonso, Ricardo N. (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
ⓘ Çamköy	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Çakmakderesi Domuzderesi Mine	Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455.
ⓘ Kireçlik Mine (Büyükkireçlik Mine)	Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455. Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
Faraşköy ⓘ Kurtpınarı mine	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27 Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
ⓘ Günevi mines	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
Iskeleköy (Iskele) ⓘ Acep Mine (Aceb Mine)	Meixner, H. (1953): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 3(6), 445-455. Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Mezarbaşı deposit	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Öngünevi deposit	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Salmanlı deposit	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Simav mine	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Tülü mine	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
ⓘ Yeniköy mine	Helvaci, C., & Alaca, O. (1991). Geology and mineralogy of the Bigadiç borate deposits and vicinity. Mineral Res. Expl. Bull, 113, 31-63.
Gönen District ⓘ Sebepliköy (Sebepli)
Susurluk District Sultançayırı (Sultan Tschair) ⓘ Sultançayırı Mine	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 9:1-27. Helvaci, C. (1994). Mineral assemblages and formation of the Kestelek and Sultancayir borate deposits. Proc. 29th Intl. Geol. Congr. Part A, 245-284. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina Helvaci, C., Mordogan, H., Çolak, M., & Gündogan, I. (2004). Presence and distribution of lithium in borate deposits and some recent lake waters of west-central Turkey. International Geology Review, 46(2), 177-190.
Bursa Province Mustafakemalpaşa District ⓘ Kestelek Mine	Helvaci, C. (1994). Mineral assemblages and formation of the Kestelek and Sultancayir borate deposits. Proc. 29th Intl. Geol. Congr. Part A, 245-284. Helvaci, C., Mordogan, H., Çolak, M., & Gündogan, I. (2004). Presence and distribution of lithium in borate deposits and some recent lake waters of west-central Turkey. International Geology Review, 46(2), 177-190.
Eskişehir Province Seyitgazi District Kirka ⓘ Göcenoluk deposit	García-Veigas, J., & Helvacı, C. (2013). Mineralogy and sedimentology of the Miocene Göcenoluk borate deposit, Kırka district, western Anatolia, Turkey. Sedimentary Geology, 290, 85-96.
ⓘ Sarıkaya B deposit	A Summary and Geological Comparison. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 9, 2000, pp. 1-27 www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.) http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/T%FCrkei/Eskisehir/Kirka/Sarikaya Baysal, O. (1972) : A mineralogical study and genesis of Sarıkaya (Kırka) borate deposits. Hacettepe University, Ankara. CAHIT HELVACI & RICARDO N. ALONSO (2000) Borate Deposits of Turkey and Argentina
Kütahya Province Emet District Doğanlar village ⓘ Doğanlar boreholes no. 2 and no. 188 (Kütahya-Emet 2 and 188)	J. García-Veigas, L. Rosell, X. Alcobé, I. Subias, F. Ortí, I. Gündogan and C. Helvaci (2010) Fontarnauite, a New Sulphate-Borate Mineral from the Emet Borate District (Turkey). Macla 13, 97-98. García-Veigas, J., Rosell, L., Ortí, F., Gündoğan, İ., & Helvacı, C. (2011). Mineralogy, diagenesis and hydrochemical evolution in a probertite–glauberite–halite saline lake (Miocene, Emet Basin, Turkey). Chemical Geology, 280(3-4), 352-364. Cooper, M. A., Hawthorne, F. C., García-Veigas, J., Alcobé, X., Helvaci, C., Grew, E. S., & Ball, N. A. (2015). Fontarnauite,(Na, K) 2 (Sr, Ca)(SO4)[B5O8 (OH)](H2O) 2, A New Sulfate-Borate Mineral From Doğanlar (Emet), Kütahya Province, Western Anatolia, Turkey. The Canadian Mineralogist, 53(5), 803-820.
Emet Borate deposit ⓘ Emet Eti Bor Mine ("Killik Mine"; "Kilik Mine"; Espey mine)	American Mineralogist April 1979 v. 64 no. 3-4 p. 362-366 Koçak, İ., Koç, Ş. (2018): Geochemical characteristics of The Emet (Espey-Hisarcik) borate deposits, Kütahya, Turkey. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 142, 52-63.
ⓘ Hisarcik Mine	J.W. Anthony, R.A. Bideaux, K.W. Bladh, M.C. Nichols: Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. V (2003)
USA
Arizona Maricopa County Gila Bend ⓘ Gila Bend Borate occurrence	MRDS database Dep ID file #10092989, MRDS ID #RL10063.
ⓘ Gila River	Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 56.
California Inyo County Amargosa Range Black Mountains Monte Blanco ⓘ Monte Blanco Mine	Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1916b), Inyoite and meyerhofferite, two new calcium borates: USGS Bulletin 610: 35 Foshag, William Frederick (1924), The world’s biggest borax deposits (California and Nevada): Engineering & Mining Journal: 118: 420 Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 359 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 264, 376.
Zabriskie Point ⓘ Gower Gulch Mine	Korbel, Petr, Novak, Milan (1999) Minerals Encyclopaedia. Rebo Productions.p.133
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [5]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Amargosa Valley ⓘ Terry Mine (Terry Borate Mine; Terry pit; Terry deposit)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 240 www.mineralsocal.org. Countryman, R.L. (1977): Hydroboracite from the Amargosa desert, eastern California. Mineralogical Record 8, 503-504 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Bennetts Well ?	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 45 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 153-154.
Dublin Hills Shoshone ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [1]	Noble, Levi Fatzinger (1931), Nitrate deposits in southeastern California, with notes on deposits in southeastern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico: USGS Bulletin 820: 63, 72 Nolan, Thomas Brennan (1964), Geological Survey Research 1963, Summary of investigations: USGS PP 475-A: 11. Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 153. Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 153, 376.
ⓘ Unnamed Nitrate-Borate deposits	Nolan, Thomas Brennan (1964), Geological Survey Research 1963, Summary of investigations: USGS PP 475-A: A-11 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295, 377.
Furnace Creek ⓘ East Coleman Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 238, 254. Evans, James R., G.C. Taylor, and J.S. Rapp (1976) Mines and mineral deposits in Death Valley National Monument. California Division Mines and Geology Special Report 125: 1-61 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Furnace Creek Mining District (Furnace Creek Borate Mining District) (TL)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 290. Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 352 Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Vlisidis, and Angelina C. (1970) Wardsmithite, 5CaO·MgO·12B2O3·30H2O, new borate mineral from the Death Valley Region, California. American Mineralogist, 55 (3-4) 349-357 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Furnace Creek Ranch ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [6]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [7]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [8]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [9]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Furnace Creek Wash (Monte Blanco Borax and Salt mining district; Death Valley Borax and Salt mining district)	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 342.
Ryan ⓘ Annie Oakley Mine	Am Min (1931), 16:338-341
ⓘ Biddy McCarthy Mines	Rogers, Austin F. (1919) Colemanite pseudomorphous after inyoite from Death Valley, California. American Mineralogist, 4 (11) 135-139 Murdoch, Joseph, Webb, Robert W. (1966) Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966).
ⓘ Lower Biddy McCarthy Mine (Little Biddy Mine)	Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Upper Biddy Mine (Upper Biddy McCarthy Mine; Big Biddy Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246. Foshag, William Frederick (1931) Probertite from Ryan, Inyo County, California. American Mineralogist, 16 (8) 338-341 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Billie Mine (Billie group; Ryan Mine; Billie I Mine; Billie II Mine)	Mineralogical Record: 20(5): 387 Chandler, Clare David (1996) The Billie Mine, Death Valley, California. The Mineralogical Record, 27 (1) 35-40 (2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Boraxo Mine	[www.johnbetts-fineminerals.com] Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246, 255. Anonymous (1963), California Division of Mines and Geology, Mineral Information Service: California Mineral Production 1962: 16(1): 9 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154, 377 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Thompson Mine	Rock Currier, Collected them in the mine. Rock Currier
ⓘ Corkscrew Canyon Mine	Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1916 b), Inyoite and meyerhofferite, two new calcium borates. USGS Bulletin 610: 35. Erd, R. C., McAllister, J. F., Vlisidis, A. C. (1961) Nobleite, another new hydrous calcium borate from the Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 46 (5-6) 560-571 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966). California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 228. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Debely Mine (De Bely Mine)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Grand View Mine (Grandview Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Hard Scramble claim	www.mineralsocal.org. Erd, R. C., McAllister, J. F., Almond, H. (1959) Gowerite, a new hydrous calcium borate from the Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 44 (9-10) 911-919 Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Vlisidis, and Angelina C. (1970) Wardsmithite, 5CaO·MgO·12B2O3·30H2O, new borate mineral from the Death Valley Region, California. American Mineralogist, 55 (3-4) 349-357 Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Eberlein, G. Donald (1979) New data on hungchaoite, the second world occurrence, Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 64 (3-4) 369-375
ⓘ Inyo Mine (Inyo prospect)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Lizzy V. Oakley (Lizzie V. Oakley Mine)	Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Mouth of Corkscrew Canyon area ⓘ Corkscrew Diversion Channel occurrence	Foshag, William Frederick (1939), New Mineral names – priceite: American Mineralogist: 24: 728 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295.
ⓘ Oliver claim (Neglect claim; Oliver Consolidated claim)	Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Vlisidis, and Angelina C. (1970) Wardsmithite, 5CaO·MgO·12B2O3·30H2O, new borate mineral from the Death Valley Region, California. American Mineralogist, 55 (3-4) 349-357 Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Vlisidis, and Angelina C. (1970) Wardsmithite, 5CaO·MgO·12B2O3·30H2O, new borate mineral from the Death Valley Region, California. American Mineralogist, 55 (3-4) 349-357
ⓘ Played Out Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Sigma Mine (White Monster Mine; Sigma-White Monster Mine)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [16]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [17]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [21]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Widow No. 1 Mine (Widow Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 246. Foshag, William Frederick (1931) Probertite from Ryan, Inyo County, California. American Mineralogist, 16 (8) 338-341 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295, 376 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Widow No. 3 Mine (New Widow)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Widow No. 7 Mine (Old Widow)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Travertine Point ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [2]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [3]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [4]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [14]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Twenty Mule Team Canyon ⓘ Meridian claim	Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Eberlein, G. Donald (1979) New data on hungchaoite, the second world occurrence, Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 64 (3-4) 369-375
ⓘ Mott prospect (Mott Colemanite prospect; Mott open cut)	Erd, R. C., McAllister, J. F., Almond, H. (1959) Gowerite, a new hydrous calcium borate from the Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 44 (9-10) 911-919 Schaller, Waldemar T., Vlisidis, Angelina C., Mrose, and Mary E. (1965) Macallisterite, 2MgO·6B2O3·15H2O, a new hydrous magnesium borate mineral from the Death Valley region, Inyo County, California. American Mineralogist, 50 (5-6) 629-640
ⓘ South Meridian claim	Erd, Richard C., McAllister, James F., Eberlein, G. Donald (1979) New data on hungchaoite, the second world occurrence, Death Valley region, California. American Mineralogist, 64 (3-4) 369-375
ⓘ Twenty Mule Team Road occurrences	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 259. McAllister, James Franklin (1961), Sborgite in the Furnace Creek area, California: USGS PP 424-B, Article 129: 300-301 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [18]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [19]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [20]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [22]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [23]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Greenwater Range ⓘ Lila C. Mine (Leila See Mine; Lilac Mine)	Pemberton, H. Earl (1978) Hydroboracite from the Furnace Creek formation. Mineralogical Record: 9: 246.
ⓘ Maria deposit	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Ryon summit ⓘ U. S. Borax Cone Hill claims [1]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [10]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [11]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [12]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [13]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospect [15]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Mushroom Rock ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [31]	[…(abstract): Neues Jahrb., 1888: 179-181]: 358 Jackson, Abraham Wendell, Jr. (1886), Mineralogical contributions: California Academy of Science, 1st. series, Bulletin 4: 358-374 Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 46 Campbell, M.R. (1902), Reconnaissance of the borax deposits of Death Valley and Mojave Desert: USGS Bulletin 200, 23 pp.: 16 Engineering and Mining Journal (Engineering & Mining Journal) (1907), General mining news: 83: 781 Foshag, William Frederick (1924a), Famous mineral localities: Furnace Creek, Death Valley, California: American Mineralogist: 9: 8 Murdoch, Joseph, Webb, Robert W. (1966) Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966).
Resting Spring Range ⓘ Gerstley II Mine	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Gerstley Mine (Gerstley I; Gerstley pit; Kern Company Land Company)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 249. Noble, Levi Fatzinger (1926b), Note on a colemanite deposit near Shoshone, California, with a sketch of the geology of a part of Amargosa Valley: USGS Bulletin 785: 63 Nolan, Thomas Brennan (1964), Geological Survey Research 1963, Summary of investigations: USGS PP 475-A: 11 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Kern County ⓘ Boron	www.mineralsocal.org
ⓘ Kramer Borate deposit	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 168 (photo 4-5), 249 Yale, Charles G. & Hoyt S. Gale (1913), Borax: Mineral Resources of the United States, 1912, part 2 Noble, Levi Fatzinger (1926a), Borate deposits in the Kramer district, Kern County, California: USGS Bulletin 785-C: 47 Schaller, Waldemar T. (1927) Kernite, a new sodium borate. American Mineralogist, 12 (1) 24-25 Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1930), Borate minerals from the Kramer district, Mohave Desert, California: USGS PP 158-I: 138 Christ, C.L. & R.M. Garrels (1959), Relations among sodium borate hydrates at the Kramer deposit, Boron, California: American Journal of Science: 257: 516 Pemberton, H. Earl, Wm. Moller, Jack Schwartz & George Masimer (1960), The minerals of Boron, California, 40 pp. (Published by the Mineral Research Soc. of California, Montebello, CA): 34 Bowser, C.J. & F.W. Dickson (1961), Chemical zonation of the borates of Kramer, California, In: J.L. Rau (ed.), Second Symposium on Salt: 1: 122-132, Northern Ohio Geological Society Obert, L. and Long, A.E. (1962) Underground borate mining, Kern County, California. US Bureau of Mines Report of Investigation 6110, 67 pp.: 1-12 Bowser, C.J. (1965a), Geochemistry and petrology of the sodium borates in the non-marine evaporative environment: Unpublished Ph.. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 307 pp.: 9 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 102 Morgan, V. and Erd, R.C. (1969) Minerals of the Kramer borate district, California California Division of Mines and Geology Mineral Information Service: 22(9&10): 147, 149, 151. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Rio Tinto Borax Mine	Wise, W. S., & Kleck, W. D. (1988). Sodic clay-zeolite assemblage in basalt at Boron, California. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36(2), 131-136.
ⓘ Rio Tinto Borax open pit	Richard Dale Collection Speckels, M.L. (1965) Minerals for everyone: the complete guide to micromounts. Gembooks, Mentone, California. Wise, W.S. and Kleck, W.D. (1988) Sodic clay-zeolite assemblage in basalt at Boron, California. Clays and Clay Minerals, 36(2), 131-136.
Los Angeles County ⓘ Lang	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Tick Canyon Tick Canyon Borate deposit ⓘ Lang Mine	Rocks & Minerals: 11: 156. Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 250. Eakle, Arthur Starr (1911), Neocolemanite, a variety of colemanite, and howlite from Lang, Los Angeles County, California: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 6: 179 Hutchinson, A. (1912), On the identity of neocolemanite with colemanite: Mineralogical Magazine: 16: 239-246 Merrill, Frederick James Hamilton (1919), Los Angeles, Orange and Riverside Counties: California Mining Bureau Report 15: 480 Armstrong, V.L. & Edwin V. Van Anringe (1948), Tick Canyon field trip: reprinted from Grieger’s “Encyclopedia and Super-Catalog of the Lapidary and Jewelry Arts,” Pasadena Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 348 Gay, T.E. and Hoffman, S.R. (1954) Mines and mineral deposits of Los Angeles County, California. California Journal of Mines and Geology: 50: 506-508 Kramer, H.C. & R.D. Allen (1956), A restudy of bakerite, priceite, and veatchite, American Mineralogist: 41: 689-700 Oakeshott, Gordon Blaisdell (1958) Geology and mineral deposits of San Fernando quadrangle, Los Angeles County, California. California Division of Mines Bulletin 172, 147 pp.: 11-12 Masimer, G.E. (1966) Tick Canyon revisited. Gems and Minerals: 347: 22 Pemberton, H. Earl (1968) The minerals of the Sterling borax mine, Los Angeles County, California. Mineral Explorer 3, No. 1, 10 pp.: 4-5 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
San Bernardino County Argus Range (Argus Mountains; Darwin Range; Tortoise Mountains) Argus District Trona ⓘ Trona Mine (American Potash and Chemical Corporation)	Collection of NHM, Vienna
Avawatz Mts (Avawatz Range) Cave Spring ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [6] ?	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 60 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 854 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Barstow Mining District Barstow Lead Mountain [2] ⓘ Owen Borate Mine	Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Belleville Mining District Daggett Ridge ⓘ Columbus Mine (Gem Borate Mine; Gem Mine)	Vonsen, Magnus (1951), Borates of California: Rocks & Minerals: 26: 494-503.
Cady Mountains Hector ⓘ Unnamed Borate deposits	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 250. Madsen, B.M. (1970) Core logs of three test holes in Cenozoic lake deposits near Hector, California. USGS Bulletin 1296, 43 pp. Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Calico Mts (Calico Hills) Calico District (Daggett District; Calico-Daggett area) Calico ⓘ Pacific Mine (Pacific Coast Borax Company properties; Borate; Borate Colemanite Mines; Calico; Old Borate; Pacific Coast Borax Co. workings)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 250. Eakle, Arthur Starr (1902), Colemanite from southern California: University of California, Department of Geological Science Bulletin: 3: 31-50 Erwin, H.D. & D.L. Gardner (1940), Notes on the geology of a portion of the Calico Mountains, San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division Mines (Report 36): 36: 264 Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 418. Wright, L.A., et al (1953), Mines and mineral resources of San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, California Division of Mines (Report 49): 49(1-2): 223-225 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Yermo (Marian; Marion; Otis) ⓘ Centennial Mine [1]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate occurrence [1]	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
East Kramer Mining District East Kramer Borate area (East Kramer Colemanite area) Kramer Junction (Beecher's Corners; Beechers Corners; Four Corners) ⓘ Four Corners No. 3; 4 & 5 wells	Skinner, B.J., Erd, R.C., Grimaldi, F.S. (1964) Greigite, the thio-spinel of iron, a new mineral. American Mineralogist: 49: 543-555.
Phelan ⓘ Rho B	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Red Buttes ⓘ Rho A	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Sunray Mid-Continent Oil Company Colemanite deposit	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Hector	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Fort Cady deposit (Fort Cady Solution Mine; Fort Cady project)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
Owlshead Mountains ⓘ Owl Hole Springs	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62, 102 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 295.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate-Nitrate occurrences [1]	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Quail Mountains ⓘ Unnamed Colemanite deposit [1]	[…(abstract): Geol. Zentralbl., Band 27: 394]: 855 Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 774-899 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
ⓘ San Bernardino Mountains foothills	Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Slate Range ⓘ Pilot Nitrate field (Pilot beds)	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 63 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 856 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Slate Range District (Arondo District) Straw Peak ⓘ Browns Mountain occurrence	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 12 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
Sperry Hills Acme (Morrison) ⓘ Lower Canyon of the Amargosa River	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 62 Cloudman, H.C., F.J.H. Merrill & E. Huguenin (1919), San Bernardino County: California Mining Bureau. Report 15: 855 Murdoch, Joseph, Webb, Robert W. (1966) Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966).
Ventura County Ojai ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [2]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
San Emigdio Mountains Frazier Mountain Mining District (Fraser Mountain Mining District) Frazier Park area Mount Pinos ⓘ Unnamed Borate deposit [3]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 250. Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914a), The origin of colemanite deposits: USGS PP 85: 5 Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914c), Borate deposits in Ventura County, California: USGS Bulletin 540: 440 Tucker, W. Burling & Reid J. Sampson (1932), Ventura County: California Mining Bureau. Report 28: 259-262 Carman, M.F., Jr. (1964), Geology of the Lockwood Valley area, Kern and Ventura Counties, California California Division Mines & Geology, Special Report 81 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Ventura County Borate Mining District (Stauffer Mining District) Lake of the Woods area Lockwood Valley ⓘ Bitter Creek Borate Workings Mine (Bitter Creek claim; Bitter Crick placer claim; Merrill claim; Comet claim; Climax claim; Gridiron Placer Mining claim; Bueno claim)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Columbus Mine	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Frazier Mine (Frazier Borax Mine)	Bailey, Gilbert E. (1902), The saline deposits of California: California Mining Bureau Bulletin 24: 70 Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914a), The origin of colemanite deposits: USGS PP 85: 5 Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914c), Borate deposits in Ventura County, California: USGS Bulletin 540: 440 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 154.
ⓘ Ives tunnel	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Middle Fork Creek Borate deposits (Jumbo claim; Gib claim; Center Creek claim; Baldwin claim; Mammoth claim)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Russell Mine	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Stubblefield & Halloway property	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Unnamed Borate prospects [1]	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Death Valley National Park	Reiner Mielke
Nevada Clark County Muddy Mountains Muddy Mountains Mining District ⓘ Callville Wash	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
ⓘ White Basin	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Stephen B. Castor (1990) Borates in the Muddy Mountains, Clark County NBMG Nevada Geology
ⓘ Anniversary Mine (Callville Wash)	(1936) Mineral resources of the region around Boulder Dam. Bulletin Vol. 871. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b871 pp.106-113 Stephen B. Castor (1990) Borates in the Muddy Mountains, Clark County NBMG Nevada Geolog (2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey. Anthony, John W., Bideaux, Richard A., Bladh, Kenneth W., Nichols, Monte C. - Eds. (2016) Handbook of Mineralogy. https://www.handbookofmineralogy.org/
ⓘ Muddy Mountains Borates (American Borax Co. Mines)	(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.
ⓘ Esmeralda County	Korbel, Petr, Novak, Milan (1999) Minerals Encyclopaedia. Rebo Productions.p.133
ⓘ Columbus Marsh Mining District ?	Castor, Stephen B., Ferdock, Gregory C. (2004) Minerals of Nevada. Special Publication 31. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology