Hematolite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Hematolite
Formula:
(Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23
Cation requirements for charge balance suggest that there about two 3+ cations per formula unit. The original 3+ cations determined by Moore and Araki (1978) were Al-dominant. Polytypic stacking may be present resulting in formula variations.
Colour:
Brown-red, blood-red, nearly black; reddish orange to yellowish brown in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
3½
Specific Gravity:
3.49
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Member of:
Name:
Named as aimatolit (Swedish) in 1884 by Lars Johan Igelstrom from the Greek αίμα for "blood" and λίθος for "stone", in allusion to its red pyrope-like colour.
Dark blood-red platy crystals (< 1 mm) and crusts.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1857
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1857:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
8b74320d-24c9-422a-97aa-cd4e93e1a9cf
IMA Classification of Hematolite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Mn,Mg,Al)15(AsO4)2(AsO3)(OH)23
Classification of Hematolite
8.BE.45
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
E : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 > 2:1
43.4.6.1
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
43 : COMPOUND PHOSPHATES, ETC.
4 : Anhydrous Compound Phosphates, etc·, Containing Hydroxyl or Halogen
20.8.21
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
20 : Arsenates (also arsenates with phosphate, but without other anions)
8 : Arsenates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hmt | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hematolite
Vitreous, Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Pearly, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Pearly to sub-metallic on cleavage surfaces.
Colour:
Brown-red, blood-red, nearly black; reddish orange to yellowish brown in transmitted light.
Streak:
Light chocolate-brown to reddish brown
Hardness:
3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {0001}, perfect
On {0001}, perfect
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.49 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.48 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hematolite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.733 nε = 1.714
Birefringence:
0.019
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.019
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Comments:
The crystals are divided into differently oriented, anomalously biaxial sectors at times.
Chemistry of Hematolite
Mindat Formula:
(Mn,Mg,Al,Fe3+)15(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23
Cation requirements for charge balance suggest that there about two 3+ cations per formula unit. The original 3+ cations determined by Moore and Araki (1978) were Al-dominant. Polytypic stacking may be present resulting in formula variations.
Cation requirements for charge balance suggest that there about two 3+ cations per formula unit. The original 3+ cations determined by Moore and Araki (1978) were Al-dominant. Polytypic stacking may be present resulting in formula variations.
Crystallography of Hematolite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Rhombohedral
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.275 Å, c = 36.60 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.423
Unit Cell V:
2,170.44 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
Crystals thick tabular {0001} with large {0115}, or rhombohedral with {0115} alone. The rhombohedral faces are striated horizontally.
Comment:
Basic repeat distance of 12.2 A of a five-layer structure found
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0000610 | Hematolite | Moore P B, Araki T (1978) Hematolite: A complex dense-packed sheet structure American Mineralogist 63 150-159 | 1978 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
6.12 Å | (80) |
5.63 Å | (30) |
5.20 Å | (50) |
4.14 Å | (80) |
3.40 Å | (40) |
4.22 Å | (40) |
2.60 Å | (40) |
2.39 Å | (100) |
1.562 Å | (90) |
Comments:
Berry and Graham (1948)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Unnamed, possible ferric analog of hematolite occurs at Ogdensburg, New Jersey (Dunn and Peacor, 1983). The mineral occurs in fractures of red willemite-franklinite-calcite ore as well as on friedelite-magnetite rock.
Type Occurrence of Hematolite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Veinlets or cavities in crystalline limestone of a stratabound Mn-Fe ore deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hematolite
Other Language Names for Hematolite
Relationship of Hematolite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 | Mon. m : Bb |
Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 | Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 21 |
Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) |
Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x | Trig. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Hematolite associated with Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 |
4 photos of Hematolite associated with Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O |
4 photos of Hematolite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
4 photos of Hematolite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
4 photos of Hematolite associated with Pyrochroite | Mn(OH)2 |
3 photos of Hematolite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
1 photo of Hematolite associated with Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
1 photo of Hematolite associated with Akrochordite | (Mn2+,Mg)5(AsO4)2(OH)4 · 4H2O |
1 photo of Hematolite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.BE.05 | Augelite | Al2(PO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.10 | Grattarolaite | Fe3+3(PO4)O3 |
8.BE.15 | Cornetite | Cu3(PO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.20 | Clinoclase | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.25 | Arhbarite | Cu2Mg(AsO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.25 | Gilmarite | Cu3(AsO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.30 | Allactite | Mn2+7(AsO4)2(OH)8 |
8.BE.30 | Flinkite | Mn2+2Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)4 |
8.BE.30 | Raadeite | Mg7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
8.BE.30 | Argandite | Mn7(VO4)2(OH)8 |
8.BE.35 | Chlorophoenicite | (Mn,Mg)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
8.BE.35 | Magnesiochlorophoenicite | (Mg,Mn)3Zn2(AsO4)(OH,O)6 |
8.BE.35 | Mineral E (of Dunn, et. al., 1982) | |
8.BE.40 | Gerdtremmelite | (Zn,Fe)(Al,Fe)2(AsO4)(OH)5 |
8.BE.45 | Dixenite | CuMn2+14Fe2+(SiO4)2(As5+O4)(As3+O3)5(OH)6 |
8.BE.45 | Kraisslite | Zn3(Mn,Mg)25(Fe3+,Al)(As3+O3)2[(Si,As5+)O4]10(OH)16 |
8.BE.45 | Mcgovernite | Mn19Zn3(AsO4)3(AsO3)(SiO4)3(OH)21 |
8.BE.45 | Arakiite | (Zn,Mn2+)(Mn2+,Mg)12(Fe3+,Al)2(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)23 |
8.BE.45 | Turtmannite | (Mn,Mg)22.5Mg3-3x((V5+,As5+)O4)3(As3+O3)x(SiO4)3O5-5x(OH)20+x |
8.BE.45 | Carlfrancisite | Mn2+3(Mn2+,Mg,Fe3+,Al)42[As3+O3]2(As5+O4)4[(Si,As5+)O4]6[(As5+,Si)O4]2(OH)42 |
8.BE.50 | Synadelphite | Mn2+9(As5+O4)2(As3+O3)(OH)9 · 2H2O |
8.BE.55 | Holdenite | (Mn2+,Mg)6Zn3(AsO4)2(SiO4)(OH)8 |
8.BE.60 | Kolicite | Mn2+7Zn4(AsO4)2(SiO4)2(OH)8 |
8.BE.65 | Sabelliite | (Cu,Zn)2Zn(AsO4,SbO4)(OH)3 |
8.BE.70 | Jarosewichite | Mn2+3Mn3+(AsO4)(OH)6 |
8.BE.75 | Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
8.BE.80 | Coparsite | Cu4(AsO4,VO4)O2Cl |
8.BE.85 | Waterhouseite | Mn2+7(PO4)2(OH)8 |
8.BE.90 | Vasilseverginite | Cu9O4(AsO4)2(SO4)2 |
Fluorescence of Hematolite
Not fluorescent in UV
Other Information
Notes:
Readily soluble in acids.
Alters to Manganite.
Alters to Manganite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hematolite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1857.html
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References for Hematolite
Reference List:
Igelström, Lars Johan (1884) Manganostibiit, Aimatolit och Aimafibrit, tre nya mineral från Mossgrufvan i Nordmarken. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 7 (4) 210-212 doi:10.1080/11035898409443535
Larsen, Esper S. (1921) The microscopic determination of the nonopaque minerals. Bulletin Vol. 679. US Geological Survey doi:10.3133/b679 p.83
Berry, L. G., Graham, A. R. (1948) X-ray measurements on brackebuschite and hematolite. American Mineralogist, 33 (7-8) 489-495
Moore, Paul B., Araki, Takaharu (1978) Hematolite: a complex dense-packed sheet structure. American Mineralogist, 63 (1-2) 150-159
Localities for Hematolite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
Natural History Museum | |
Österberg (2003) | |
Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
Moore (1978) | |
Nysten (1987) | |
Igelström (1884) +3 other references | |
| Nysten (2004) |
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Moss mine, Nordmark Odal Field, Filipstad, Värmland County, Sweden