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Ktenasite

Big Photo

Maria Josefa Mine, Rodalquilar, Níjar, Almería, Andalusia, Spain
© Christian Rewitzer

Show Ktenasite Photos (33)
Formula:
Zn(Cu,Zn)
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Blue-green
Lustre:VitreousHardness:2 - 2½


Rare secondary copper-zinc sulphate with typical pseudo-orthorhombic habit.
Mg- or Cd-bearing varieties are also known (U. Kolitsch & G. Giester, unpublished results), as well as a Zn-free, Co-dominant analogue (Unnamed (Co-analogue of ktenasite)).

Ktenasite may have to be split up into a Cu- and a Zn-dominant species; the crystal structure contains a Zn site, a Cu site and a mixed Cu/Zn site with variable occupancy (U. Kolitsch & G. Giester, unpublished results). Data of Livingstone (1991) suggest dominant Zn on at least two sites, although this suggestion is based only on chemical analyses.


Classification of Ktenasite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/D.03-70
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.DD.20

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
D : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, with H2O
D : With only medium-sized cations; sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 8th edition ID:31.6.3.1

31 : HYDRATED SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : (AB)5(XO4)2Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.5.4

25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Ktenasite

Type Locality:Jean Baptiste Mine, Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines), Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza), Lavrion District Mines, Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District, Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture, Greece
Year of Discovery:1950

Physical Properties of Ktenasite

Lustre:Vitreous
Colour:Blue-green
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½

Crystallography of Ktenasite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:a = 5.59Å, b = 6.12Å, c = 23.76Å
β = 95.55°
Ratio:a:b:c = 0.913 : 1 : 3.882
Unit Cell Volume:V 809.04 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Optical Data of Ktenasite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.571 nβ = 1.613 nγ = 1.623
2V:Measured: 51° , Calculated: 50°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.052

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v

Chemical Properties of Ktenasite

Formula:
Zn(Cu,Zn)
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, S
All elements listed in formula:Cu, H, O, S, Zn

Relationship of Ktenasite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.DD.05Felsőbányaite
Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Langite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Posnjakite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
7.DD.10Wroewolfeite
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DD.15Spangolite
Cu
 
6
Al[(OH)
 
12
|Cl|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.25Christelite
Cu
 
2
Zn
 
3
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Campigliaite
Mn
2+
 
Cu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Devilline
CaCu
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Orthoserpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Serpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.30Niedermayrite
CdCu
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Carrboydite
(Ni,Cu)
 
14
Al
 
9
[(OH)
 
43
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
6
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Glaucocerinite
(Zn,Cu)
 
10
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
32
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 18H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Honessite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Hydrohonessite
Ni
 
6
Fe
3+
2
[(OH)
 
16
|SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Motukoreaite
NaMg
 
19
Al
 
12
(CO
 
3
)
 
6.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
54
·28H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Mountkeithite
(Mg,Ni)
 
11
(Fe
3+
 
,Cr
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
24
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
3.5
] · 11H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Shigaite
Al
 
4
Mn
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
22
·8H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Wermlandite
Mg
 
7
(Ca,Mg)(Al,Fe)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
18
(H
 
2
O)
 
12
7.DD.35Woodwardite
Cu
 
4
Al
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 2-4H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Zincaluminite
Zn
 
6
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.DD.35Hydrowoodwardite
Cu
 
1-x
Al
 
x
[(OH)
 
2
|(SO
 
4
)
 
x/2
] · nH
 
2
O
7.DD.35Zincowoodwardite
Zn
 
1-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
x/2
(OH)
 
2
·nH
 
2
O (?)
7.DD.35Natroglaucocerinite
[(Zn,Cu)
 
5
Al
 
3
(OH)
 
16
][(SO
 
4
)
 
1.5
Na
 
1.5
(SO
 
4
)
 
0.75
(H
 
2
O)
 
9
]
7.DD.35Nikischerite
[AlFe
 
2
(OH)
 
6
]
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
Na(H
 
2
O)
 
6
·6H
 
2
O
7.DD.40Lawsonbauerite
(Mn
2+
 
,Mg)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.40Torreyite
(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
9
Zn
 
4
[(OH)
 
11
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.45Mooreite
(Mg,Zn,Mn
2+
 
)
 
15
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
7.DD.50Namuwite
(Zn,Cu)
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
7.DD.55Bechererite
(Zn,Cu)
 
6
Zn
 
2
[(OH)
 
12
|(SO
 
4
,HSiO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.DD.60Ramsbeckite
(Cu,Zn)
 
15
[(OH)
 
22
|(SO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
7.DD.65Vonbezingite
Ca
 
6
Cu
 
3
[(OH)
 
12
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 2H
 
2
O
7.DD.70Redgillite
Cu
 
6
[(OH)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Chalcoalumite
CuAl
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|SO
 
4
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Nickelalumite
(Ni,Cu)Al
 
4
[(OH)
 
12
|{SO
 
4
,(NO
 
3
)
 
2
}] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.75Kyrgyzstanite
ZnAl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
12
·3H
 
2
O
7.DD.80Guarinoite
(Zn,Co,Ni)
 
6
[(OH,Cl)
 
10
|SO
 
4
] · 5H
 
2
O
7.DD.80Schulenbergite
(Cu,Zn)
 
7
[(OH)
 
10
|(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.80Thérèsemagnanite
(Co,Zn,Ni)
 
6
(SO
 
4
)(OH,Cl)
 
10
·8H
 
2
O
7.DD.80UM1992-30-SO:CCuHZn
(Zn,Cu)
 
7
[(SO
 
4
,CO
 
3
)
 
2
](OH)
 
10
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.DD.85Montetrisaite
Cu
 
6
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
10
·2H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.5.1Zinkosite
ZnSO
 
4
25.5.2Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.5.3Namuwite
(Zn,Cu)
 
4
[(OH)
 
6
|SO
 
4
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.5.5Ramsbeckite
(Cu,Zn)
 
15
[(OH)
 
22
|(SO
 
4
)
 
4
] · 6H
 
2
O
25.5.6Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
25.5.7Serpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
25.5.8Orthoserpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
·3H
 
2
O
25.5.9Zincaluminite
Zn
 
6
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
13
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.5.10Glaucocerinite
(Zn,Cu)
 
10
Al
 
6
[(OH)
 
32
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
] · 18H
 
2
O
25.5.11Gunningite
(Zn,Mn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.5.12Chaidamuite
ZnFe(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)·4H
 
2
O
25.5.13Bianchite
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
25.5.15Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.5.16Zincobotryogen
(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
 
[OH|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 7H
 
2
O
25.5.17Schuetteite
Hg
2+
3
[O
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
25.5.18Gianellaite
[Hg
 
2
N]
+
2
SO
 
4

Other Names for Ktenasite

Other Languages:
German:Ktenasit
Russian:Ктенасит
Spanish:Ktenasita

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Ktenasite

Reference List:Kokkoros, P. (1950): Ktenasit, ein Zink-Kupfersulfat aus Lavrion (Griechenland). Tschermaks Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt. 1, 342-346. (in German).

American Mineralogist (1951): 36: 381.

Raade (1977): New data on ktenasite. Mineralogical Magazine: 41: 65-71.

American Mineralogist (1977): 62: 1262.

Mellini, M. and Merlino, S. (1978): Ktenasite, another mineral with 2[infinity][(Cu,Zn)2(OH)3O)]- octahedral sheets. Z. Kristallogr. 147, 129-140.

Olsen, E. and Lewis, C. F. (1979): Ktenasite from Creede, Colorado. Am. Mineral. 64, 446-448.

Mellini, M., Orlandi, P. and Boscardin, M. (1981): Chemical and crystallographic data for ktenasite. Rend. Soc. Ital. Mineral. Petrol. 37, 409-414.

Yakhontova, L. K., Postnikova, V. P., Sergeeva, N. E. and Yudin, R. N. (1984): New data on rare copper sulphates. Moscow Univ. Geol. Bull. 39 (3), 41-46. (in Russian)

Sarp, H., Perroud, P. & Camerola, M. (1990): Cobalt nickel-kténasite de la mine de Cap Garonne (Var), France, nouvelle variété de kténasite. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen: 70, 333-335. (in French).

Courtney, S. F. and Rodgers, K. A. (1990): Ktenasite, (Cu2+,Zn)5(SO4)2(OH)6.6H2O – a further occurrence. N. Jb. Mineral. Mh. 1990, 320-326.

Livingstone, A. (1991): The zinc analogue of ktenasite from Smallcleugh and Brownley Hill mines, Nenthead, Cumbria. J. Russel Soc. 4, 13-15.

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    Localities for Ktenasite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Yancowinna Co.
        • Broken Hill
    		Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Australian Min. 3:1 (1997)
    Austria
     
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
    		Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994); Schnorrer, G. & Poeverlein, R. (2008): Schwaz-Brixlegger Fundstellen. 6. Die Minerale des Gratlspitz bei Brixlegg in Tirol. Aufschluss 59, 7-28.
    Belgium
     
    • Limburg Province
      • Dilsen-Stokkem
    Canada
     
    • British Columbia
      • Golden Mining Division
        • Invermere
    		M. Mauthner personal collection
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
    		Sabina (2003) 94.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Central Bohemia Region
        • Příbram
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996:6 p.267-287]
    France
     
    • Midi-Pyrénées
      • Ariège
        • Auzat
    		Philippe Rémy collection
      • Aveyron
        • Millau
          • Saint-Rome-de-Tarn
    		Patrice Queneau Collection
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Freiburg im Breisgau
          • Schauinsland Mt.
    		K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
    • Hesse
      • North Hesse
        • Richelsdorf District
          • Süss
            • Richelsdorf Smelter
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		No reference listed
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
          • Grane Reservoir
    		No reference listed
          • Rammelsberg
    		No reference listed
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Niederberg area
        • Heiligenhaus
    		Lapis 1988(1), 17-35
        • Velbert
    		Lapis 1988(1), 13-35
    Lapis 1988(1), 14-33
        • Wülfrath
          • Rohdenhaus
    		Lapis 1988(1), 16-35
    Lapis 1988(1), 16-35
      • Sauerland
        • Iserlohn
          • Letmathe
        • Meschede
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Beierfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    		No reference listed
              • Hilarion area
    		J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
    No reference listed
          • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium)
            • Lavrion Mines
    		No reference listed
          • Plaka
            • Villia area
    		Lapis, 28/5 (May 2003)
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999); J. Gröbner und U. Kolitsch (2002): Neufunde von Laurion aus den Jahren 2001 und 2002. Aufschluss 53 (5-6), 363-371.
        • Lavrion District slag localities
          • Thorikos area
    		No reference listed
    Italy
     
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
    		Orlandi, P. & Campostrini, I. (2005): Zibaldone. Aggiornamenti di mineralogia italiana 2004. Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2005, 184-191.
      • Medio Campidano Province
        • Gonnosfanadiga
          • Fenugu Sibiri Mine
    		Brizzi, G., Olmi, F., Sabelli, C. (1994): Gli arseniati di Pira Inferida, Gonnofanadiga (CA). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/1994, 193-206.
    • Veneto
      • Vicenza Province
        • Torrebelvicino
          • Contrada Trentini
    		Lapis, 9, 18-20, 1984.
          • Mercanti Valley
    		Lapis, 9 (2), 18-25.
    Pegoraro, S., Orlandi, P., Chiereghin, P., Contin, A. & Toniolo, E. (2009). I minerali del Monte Trisa (Torrebelvicino, Vicenza). Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 3/2009, 160-179.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Kinki Region
        • Osaka Prefecture
          • Minoo
            • Onsen-cho
    		M. Ohnishi, et al. (2002) Ktenasite from the Hirao mine at Minoo, Osaka, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 97, 185-189.
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Te Aroha
    		Courtney, S.F., King, P. & Rodgers, K.A., (1990). A Check List of Minerals from the Tui Mine, Te Aroha, New Zealand. New Zealand Natural Sciences 17: 95-98.
    Norway
     
    • Buskerud
      • Kongsberg
        • Kjennerud
    		Nordrum, F.S. (2002): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2001-2002. STEIN 29 (2): 4-10
      • Modum
        • Åmot
    		Raade et al.(1977): New data on Ktenasite. Mineralogical Magazine 41, 65-70 ; Neumann (1985), p. 112.
    South Africa
     
    • Gauteng Province
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
          • Rodalquilar
    		microprobe university of munich
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Le Trient Valley
        • Les Marécottes
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 243; American Mineralogist 88(4), 676-685.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • Nenthead
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ysgubor-y-coed
          • Furnace
    		BMS Database, UKJMM No18
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 269; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
      • Gila Co.
        • Dripping Spring Mts
          • Banner District
            • Hayden area
              • Chilito
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 270.
                • Keystone Gulch
                  • Reagan claims (Regan/Reagan Camp prospects; Lee Reagan property; Lee Reagan prospects; Kullman-McCool group)
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 270.
                • Toronado Peak
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 368.
    • Colorado
      • Eagle Co.
        • Gilman District (Battle Mountain District; Red Cliff District)
          • Gilman
    		"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", pp. 13-14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997
      • Mineral Co.
        • Creede District
          • Amethyst Vein
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    • New Mexico
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd. rev. ed. (1996)
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Utah
      • Piute Co.
        • Tushar Mts
          • Cottonwood Creek
            • Mount Baldy District
    		Collected by and in the collection of Brent Thorne.
      • Tooele Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
            • Ophir Hill area
    		Self collected by Brent Thorne. Confirmed by SEM EDS and XRD.; Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
          • East Tintic District
    		In the collection of Brent Thorne
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