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Asbolane

Big Photo

Prony Bay, Mont-Dore Commune, Southern Province, New Caledonia
© Cédrick Gineste

Show Asbolane Photos (7)
Formula:
(Ni,Co)
 
2-x
Mn
4+
 
(O,OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
System:HexagonalColour:Bluish to brownish black
Lustre:Dull
Name:Named from the Greek "to soil like soot".


A poorly defined species, essentially nickeloan "wad".
The chemical composition is rather variable (the mineral can also contain Co, Cu and other metals).

Classification of Asbolane

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:4/F.07-20
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:4.FL.30

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
F : Hydroxides (without V or U)
L : Hydroxides with H2O +- (OH); sheets of edge-sharing octahedra
Dana 7th edition ID:6.4.9.1
Dana 8th edition ID:6.4.9.1

6 : HYDROXIDES AND OXIDES CONTAINING HYDROXYL
4 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:7.21.4

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
21 : Oxides of Co
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Occurrences of Asbolane

Geological Setting:As a weathering product in silicic rocks; in siliceous schists; widespread in residual soils above ultramafic rocks

Physical Properties of Asbolane

Lustre:Dull
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Opaque
Colour:Bluish to brownish black
Streak:Black to brownish black

Crystallography of Asbolane

Crystal System:Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:a = 3.04Å, c = 9.34Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 3.072
Unit Cell Volume:V 74.75 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Thin lamellar aggregates of platelets up to several µm; massive
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
4.82 (s)
2.445 (mw)
9.6 (w)
1.7 (vw)
Comments:Recorded on material from the Lipov deposit, Russia

Optical Data of Asbolane

Type:Uniaxial

Chemical Properties of Asbolane

Formula:
(Ni,Co)
 
2-x
Mn
4+
 
(O,OH)
 
4
 · nH
 
2
O
Essential elements:Co, H, Mn, O
All elements listed in formula:Co, H, Mn, Ni, O
Analytical Data:Analytical data from electron microprobe analysis of material from New Caledonia; total iron calculated as Fe2O3, water content calculated from the mass balance
Empirical formula based on TEM-EDS, supported by TGA and IR, of material from the Lipov deposit; individual results not reported
SiO2 (0.6)
Al2O3 (0.1)
Fe2O3 (0.9)
Co2O3 (1.0)
MnO2 (66.7)
NiO (17.9)
H2O (12.8)

sum 100.0 wt.-%
Empirical Formula:
(Ni
 
0.28
Co
 
0.12
Ca
 
0.05
)
 
=0.45
MnO
 
1.5
(OH)
 
2
 · 0.64H
 
2
O
Common Impurities:Al,Ca,Fe,Si

Relationship of Asbolane to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
4.FL.05Woodallite
Mg
 
6
Cr
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Iowaite
Mg
 
4
Fe(OH)
 
8
OCl·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Jamborite
(Ni
2+
 
,Ni
3+
 
,Co,Fe)(OH)
 
2
(OH,S,H
 
2
O)
4.FL.05Meixnerite
Mg
 
6
Al
 
2
(OH)
 
18
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Muskoxite
Mg
 
7
Fe
 
4
O
 
13
·10H
 
2
O
4.FL.05Fougèrite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg)
 
6
Fe
3+
2
(OH)
 
18
 · 4H
 
2
O
4.FL.10Hydrocalumite
Ca
 
2
Al(OH)
 
7
·2H
 
2
O
4.FL.15Kuzelite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
2.4
(OH)
 
12.8
(SO
 
4
)·6H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Aurorite
(Mn
2+
 
,Ag,Ca)Mn
4+
3
O
 
7
 · 3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Chalcophanite
(Zn,Fe,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Ernienickelite
NiMn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.20Jianshuiite
(Mg,Mn)Mn
 
3
O
 
7
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.25Woodruffite
Zn(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
5
O
 
10
·3½H
 
2
O
4.FL.35Buserite
Na
 
4
Mn
 
14
O
 
27
 ·21H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Ranciéite
(Ca,Mn)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·3H
 
2
O
4.FL.40Takanelite
(Mn,Ca)Mn
 
4
O
 
9
·H
 
2
O
4.FL.45Birnessite
(Na,Ca)
 
0.5
(Mn
4+
 
,Mn
3+
 
)
 
2
O
 
4
 · 1.5H
 
2
O
4.FL.55Cianciulliite
Mn(Mg,Mn)
 
2
Zn
 
2
(OH)
 
10
·2-4H
 
2
O
4.FL.60Jensenite
Cu
 
3
[TeO
 
6
] · 2H
 
2
O
4.FL.65Leisingite
Cu(Mg,Cu,Fe,Zn)
 
2
[TeO
 
6
] · 6H
 
2
O
4.FL.70Akdalaite
4Al
 
2
O
 
3
 · H
 
2
O
4.FL.75Cafetite
(Ca,Mg)(Fe,Al)
 
2
Ti
 
4
O
 
12
·4H
 
2
O
4.FL.80Mourite
UMo
 
5
O
 
12
(OH)
 
10
4.FL.85Deloryite
Cu
 
4
(UO
 
2
)(MoO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
7.21.1Heterogenite
CoO(OH)
7.21.3Cochromite
(Co,Ni,Fe)(Cr,Al)
 
2
O
 
4

Other Names for Asbolane

Synonyms:
AithaliteAsbolanoBlack CobaltCobalt graphiteCobaltide
Other Languages:
German:Aithalit
Asbolit
Erdkobalt
Spanish:Aithalita
Asbolita
Varieties:
Lampadite

Other Information

Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Asbolane

Reference List:Palache, C., Berman, H. and Frondel, C. (1944): Dana's system of mineralogy, 7th ed., Vol. 1, 566, 568.

Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I., Vitovskaya, I. V., Drits, V. A., Sivtsov, A. V. and Rudnitskaya, Y. S. (1980): Crystallochemical nature of Co-Ni-asbolan. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Geol. 6, 73-81 (in Russian). - Mineral. Abs. (1981) 32, 322 (abstract). - American Mineralogist (1982) 67: 417 (abstract).

Chukhrov, F. V., Gorshkov, A. I., Vitovskaya, I. V., Drits, V. A., Sivtsov, A. V. and Dikov, Y. P. (1980): Crystallochemical nature of Ni-asbolan. Izv. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, Ser. Geol. 9, 108-120 (in Russian). - American Mineralogist (1982) 67: 418 (abstract).

Llorca, S. and Monchoux, P. (1991): Supergene cobalt minerals from New Caledonia. Canadian Mineralogist 29, 149-161.

Manceau, A., Gorshkov, A. I. and Drits, V. A. (1992): Structural chemistry of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni in mangenese hydrous oxides, part II: Information from EXAFS spectroscopy and electron X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist 77, 1144-1157.

Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26.

Internet Links for Asbolane

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    Localities for Asbolane

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Australia
     
    • Queensland
    		part of list from university of queensland
      • Mt Isa - Cloncurry area
        • Gunpowder District
          • Mount Gordon
    		Day, B. E. & Beyer, B. D. (1996): Some mines of the Mt Isa district. Part 3 - The Mt Oxide mine. Australian J. of Mineralogy 2 (1), 3-10.
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Karawanken Mts
        • Bad Eisenkappel (Bad Eisenkappl)
          • Ebriach
    		G. Blass, H. Prasnik: Carinthia II 189./109.:263-266 (1999)
        • Finkenstein
          • Mallestiger Mittagskogel Mt.
    		[Der Aufschluss 1996,4 p.186-192]
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Habach valley
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2008): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVII. Carinthia II, 198./118., 223-274.
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Rotgülden
            • Lower Rotgülden lake
    		E. Fugger: Die Mineralien des Herzogthumes Salzburgs, 11. Jahresber. d. k. k. Ober-Realschule in Salzburg (1878)
      • Saalfelden
        • Leogang
          • Hütten
            • Schwarzleograben
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
              • Schwarzleo District
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    • Styria
      • Murau
        • Teufenbach
    		Gröbner, J. & Kolitsch, U. (2007)
      • Schladming
        • Schladminger Tauern Mts
          • Obertalbach valley
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    • Tyrol
      • North Tyrol
        • Inn valley
          • Brixlegg - Schwaz area
            • Brixlegg - Rattenberg
              • Geyer - Silberberg District
                • Silberberg Mt.
    		R. Poeverlein and J. Gröbner (2007): "Der Bergbau Geyer bei Rattenberg in Tirol und seine Mineralien", Lapis 32(2), 34-38.
    Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994)
            • Schwaz
              • Ringenwechsel District
    		Lapis 19(7/8):13-78 (1994)
    • Vorarlberg
      • Montafon
        • Vandans
          • Rells valley
    		Niedermayr, G. et al. (2007): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LVI. Carinthia II, 197/117, 149-190.
    Bolivia
     
    • Potosí Department
      • Tomás Frías Province
        • Chulchucani
    		Ahlfeld, F. (1955): Las Especies Minerales de Bolivia
    Canada
     
    • Northwest Territories
      • Mackenzie District
        • Great Bear Lake
    		Mineralogical Record (1989).
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
    		Sample in the I. Domeyko Museum, of La Serena School of Mines
      • Huasco Province
        • Freirina
          • Sierra Perdices
    		Pnud Chile/Corfo; \"Evaluaciones de los conocimientos existentes sobre Cobalto, Manganeso, Mercurio\"; Stgo de Chile, Chile; 1969
        • Germán Riesco district
    		C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988): \"Yacimientos metalíferos de Chile\": Fondecyt, Stgo de Chile.
        • Sierra Totorita
    		C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988): \"Yacimientos metalíferos de Chile\": Fondecyt, Stgo de Chile.
    • Santiago Metropolitan Region
      • Cordillera Province
    		C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988): \"Yacimientos metalíferos de Chile\": Fondecyt, Stgo de Chile.
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
    		Scharm, B.: Přehled minerálů nalezených v oblasti uranových koncentrací v severočeské křídě. Bulletin mineralogicko-petrografického oddělení Národního muzea v Praze, 1995, roč. 3, s. 169-172.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Katanga Copper Crescent
        • Central area
          • Shinkolobwe
    		Mineralogical Record: 20: 287-288.
    France
     
    • Auvergne
      • Haute-Loire
        • Lubilhac
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Isère
        • Allemont
    		"Les minéraux, leurs gisements, leurs associations", P. Bariand, F. Cesbron et J. Geffroy (1977), Editions Minéraux et Fossiles, BRGM
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Schapbach
          • Wildschapbach valley
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde von der Grube Katharina im Wildschapbach, Der Erzgräber 18 (2/2004), 34-37.
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
            • Burgfelsen
    		No reference listed
            • Heubach Valley
    		No reference listed
    K. Walenta: "Die Mineralien des Schwarzwaldes", Weise (Munich), 1992
        • Schiltach
          • Stammelbach valley
    		[Lapis 1992, 11, p.13-20]
    • Hesse
      • Odenwald
        • Bensheim
          • Hochstädten (Auerbach-Hochstädten)
    		S. Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Bad Lauterberg
    		J. Gröbner: Neufunde aus den Bergbaurevieren St. Andreasberg, Bad Lauterberg und von Oberschulenberg im Harz, MINERALIEN-WELT 18 (2007), 43-51.
    J. Gröbner (2001): Eine neue Mineralisation vom Klingenthaler Gang bei Bad Lauterberg im Harz. Mineralien-Welt 12 (6), 16-22. (in German)
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Sauerland
        • Sundern
          • Hellefeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Siegerland
        • Eiserfeld
        • Eisern
    		Weiss. "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
        • Siegen
    		Weiss: Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Wernigerode
          • Hasserode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony
      • Erzgebirge
    		Lapis, 17 (12), 24-33.
        • Ehrenfriedersdorf
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Johanngeorgenstadt District
          • Johanngeorgenstadt
    		Gröbner, J., Grimm, O. & Zienau, H. (2005): Neufunde interessanter Wismut- und Uranmineralien am Schaarschacht, Johanngeorgenstadt, Sachsen. Lapis 30 (6), 44-51; 62.
        • Oberwiesenthal
          • Niederschlag
    		Lapis, 19 (4), 13-22+50.
        • Schneeberg District
          • Neustädtel
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
    Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
            • Weißer Hirsch Mine (Shaft 3)
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
          • Wolfgang Maaßen Mine field
    		Lapis 30(7/8):41-70 (2005)
        • Schwarzenberg District
          • Langenberg
            • Graul
              • Gottes Geschick Vereinigt Feld Mine
    		http://www.dergraul.de
      • Vogtland
        • Oelsnitz
    		Gröbner, J. and Kolitsch, U. (2007): The minerals of the uranium prospect at Tirpersdorf, Vogtland. Lapis 32, 37-42; 58. (in German)
    • Thuringia
      • Harz Mts
        • Nordhausen
          • Ilfeld
    		J. Gröbner & J. Wesiger (2008): Die Mineralien des Kupferschieferbergbaus an südlichen Harzrand bei Ilfeld in Thüringen. Mineralien-Welt 19 (2), 18-28.
        • Stempeda
    		J. Gröbner & J. Wesiger (2008): Die Mineralien des Kupferschieferbergbaus an südlichen Harzrand bei Ilfeld in Thüringen. Mineralien-Welt 19 (2), 18-28.
      • Saalfeld
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Thuringian Forest
        • Bad Salzungen
          • Schweina
    		No reference listed
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
    		No reference listed
    Ireland
     
    • Co. Dublin
    		F. Rutley: "Elements of Mineralogy", 12th Ed. (1900)
    Italy
     
    • Trentino-Alto Adige
      • Trento Province
        • Valsugana
          • Roncegno
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Aqtöbe Oblysy (Aktubinsk [Aktyubinsk; Aktubinskaya] Oblast')
      • Urals
    		P.M. Kartashov data
    Am.Min.79,388(1994)
    Mexico
     
    • Queretaro
      • Mun. de San Juan del Río
        • San Pedro Ahuacatlán (Ahuacatlán)
    		Panczner(1987):100.
    • Sonora
      • Mun. de Hermosillo
        • El Zubiate
    		Panczner(1987):100.
    Morocco
     
    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
      • Ouarzazate Province
        • Tazenakht
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    New Caledonia
     
    • Southern Province
      • Mont-Dore Commune
    		C. Gineste
    Poland
     
    • Świętokrzyskie
      • Świętokrzyskie Mts (Holy Cross Mts)
        • Kielce District
          • Chęciny
    		Wojciechowski, J. (1958): Minerals occurring at Miedzianka near Checiny (Swietokrzyskie Mts., Central Poland). Prace Muzeum Ziemi (No. 1), 133-156.
    Portugal
     
    • Aveiro District
      • Albergaria-a-Velha
    		Antonio Jesus Pimentel specimens; www.mindat.org/mesg-25-107652.html
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Ekaterinburgskaya (Sverdlovskaya) Oblast'
          • Rezh District
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26
      • Southern Urals
    		Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26
    Slovakia
     
    • Banská Bystrica Region
      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ľubietová (Libetbánya; Libethen) ore belt
    		Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    Pauliš,P.,Ďuďa,R.,2002: Nejzajímavejší mineralogická naletište Slovenska. Kuttna,K.Hora, 136p
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Huercal-Overa
    		J. Gröbner and M. A. Fernández Périz (2006): Minerals of the Copper-Cobalt Deposits Molvizar and Cerro Minado in Andalusia. Mineralup February 2006, 48-56.
      • Granada
        • Molvizar
    		J. Gröbner and M. A. Fernández Périz (2006): Minerals of the Copper-Cobalt Deposits Molvizar and Cerro Minado in Andalusia. Mineralup February 2006, 48-56.
    • Valencian Community
      • Castellón
        • Chóvar
          • Bellota ravine
    		Joan Vinals & Miguel Calvo (2007) Corderoite, Kenhsuite and Perroudite, mercury sulphohalides from Chovar (Xovar), Castello, Spain. Mineral Up, June 2007.
          • El Hembrar
    		Casanova Honrubia, Juan Miguel & Canseco Caballé, Manuel, 2002, Minerales de la Comunidad Valenciana : 237 p. Ed. Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo. Alicante
    Casanova Honrubia, Juan Miguel & Canseco Caballé, Manuel, 2002, Minerales de la Comunidad Valenciana : 237 p. Ed. Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo. Alicante
        • Vall d'Uxó
          • La Corraliza
    		Casanova Honrubia, Juan Miguel & Canseco Caballé, Manuel, 2002, Minerales de la Comunidad Valenciana : 237 p. Ed. Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo. Alicante
      • Valencia
        • Villamarchante
          • La Rodana
    		CASANOVA HONRUBIA, JUAN MIGUEL & CANSECO CABALLÉ, MANUEL, 2002, Minerales de la Comunidad Valenciana : 237 p. Ed. Caja de Ahorros del Mediterráneo. Alicante
    Turkey
     
    • Aegean Region
      • Manisa Province
        • Turgutlu
    		Masurenko, C., and Tanaskovic, D. (2007), In: Andrew, C.J. et al. (eds.): Proc. 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin (Ireland), August 20-24, 2007.
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
    BMS Database
    BMS Database
    BMS Database
    BMS Database
    No reference listed
    BMS Database
      • Cornwall
        • Camborne - Redruth - St Day District
          • Gwennap area
            • St Day United Mines (Poldice Mines)
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
    Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
        • St Austell District
          • St Stephen Area
            • Coombe
    		No reference listed
            • St Stephen-in-Brannel
    		No reference listed
        • St Just District
          • Botallack - Pendeen Area
            • Trewellard
    		Collins, J.H. (1892): "A Handbook to the Mineralogy of Cornwall and Devon", 2nd ed., D. Bradford Barton Ltd. (Truro, UK), pp. 108.
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
    		Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 9, 2006
      • Shropshire
        • Clive
    		Dewey & Eastwood: Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, vol XXX Copper Ores of the Midlands, pp18-19
        • Shrewsbury
    		Dewey & Eastwood: Special Reports on the Mineral Resources of Great Britain, vol XXX Copper Ores of the Midlands, pp19
    • Wales
      • Denbighshire (Clwyd)
        • Dyserth
    USA
     
    • Arkansas
    		Jay Ellis Ransom,1974, Gems and Minerals of America
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Calico Mts
          • Calico District (Daggett District)
            • Calico-Daggett Borate area
    		[Murdoch, J & Webb, R (1966) Minerals of California, California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin 189]
    • Missouri
      • Crawford Co.
    		R&M 73:2 pp 98-117
      • Madison Co.
        • Fredericktown District
          • Mine La Motte
    		Dana 6:1083.
    • North Carolina
      • Catawba Co.
    		J.H.Pratt,1907,NCGS Economic Paper No.11,The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1905
      • Gaston Co.
        • Lincolnton
    		J.H,Pratt,1907,NCGS Economic Paper No.11,The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1905
      • Wake Co.
    		J.H,Pratt,1907,NCGS Economic Paper No.11,The Mining Industry in North Carolina During 1905
    • Utah
      • San Juan Co.
        • White Canyon District
          • White Canyon
    		R&M 75:4 p240-248
    Uzbekistan
     
    Anthony, J. W. et al. (1997): Handbook of Mineralogy, Vol. 3, 26
    Mineral and/or Locality
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