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Cleusonite

A valid IMA mineral species
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06821310014948271983653.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03942780014952514044099.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
04623040014970887062496.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03126140014947323853178.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
01683440014948272083190.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03665270014950531746491.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
06821310014948271983653.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
03942780014952514044099.jpg
Cleusonite

Kaiserer quarry, Rauris, Zell am See District, Salzburg, Austria
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About CleusoniteHide

09157350014948272018635.jpg
Cleuson Lake, with mineral outcrop on the left

Cleuson lake, Nendaz, Conthey, Valais, Switzerland
Formula:
(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38
Colour:
Black
Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Specific Gravity:
4.74 - 4.93
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
For the type locality.
Pb analogue of mapiquiroite. U analogue of senaite. Fe2+-◻-analogue of mianningite. UFe-analogue of almeidaite. UFe2+-analogue of gramaccioliite-(Y).

Cleusonite is partly metamict. The radiation damage results in macroscopic swelling (i.e., variable density and unit cell dimensions) and also makes the mineral appear optically isotropic. The calculated density and the crystallographical data given here are those of a crystal treated at 1000 °C (Wülser et al., 2005).

A large number of U-bearing "senaites" from Alpine localities later turned out to be cleusonite instead.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
26262
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:26262:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
2afd0cbe-d0fa-41bc-b42e-a972442b23f1

IMA Classification of CleusoniteHide

Classification of CleusoniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
4.CC.40

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
C : With large and medium-sized cations

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference
CeuIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of CleusoniteHide

Lustre:
Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black
Streak:
Black
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Density:
4.74 - 4.93 g/cm3 (Measured)    5.27 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of CleusoniteHide

Bireflectance:
None
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR
400nm21.2%
440nm19.1%
480nm18.3%
520nm17.7%
560nm17.3%
600nm17.3%
640nm17.4%
680nm17.1%
700nm17.3%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 21.2%.
Colour in reflected light:
Light grey to white
Internal Reflections:
None
Pleochroism:
Not Visible

Chemistry of CleusoniteHide

Mindat Formula:
(Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38
Elements listed:
Fe, H, O, Pb, Sr, Ti, U, Zn - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Al,Mn,V

Crystallography of CleusoniteHide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 - Pyramidal
Space Group:
R3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.385(2) Å, c = 20.900(7) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 2.013
Unit Cell V:
1,952.05 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Multiple rhombohedra and hexagonal prisms.
Twinning:
Generally twinned.
Comment:
Cells: a = 10.576(3), c = 21.325(5) Å (untreated crystal) to a = 10.4188(6), c = 20.942(1) Å (800°C treatment) and to a = 10.385(2), c = 20.900(7) Å (1000°C treatment).

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.893 Å(100)
3.406 Å(96)
2.851 Å(69)
2.245 Å(55)
2.995 Å(53)
5.18 Å(52)
6.83 Å(51)
Comments:
Cleuson, Valais, Switzerland. Data from the type description, Sample heated at 1000°C in air for 24 hours. Data for unheated material are also given.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of CleusoniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Cleuson lake, Nendaz, Conthey, Valais, Switzerland
General Appearance of Type Material:
Centimeter sized tabular crystals. Also as minute crystals disseminated in chlorite-rich pods.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Holotype: Geological Museum of Lausanne, Switzerland (MGL #65200 to 65205).
Cotypes: National Museum of Natural History of Paris, France (MNHNP #203.64 to 203.66).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Greenschist facies metamorphosed gneissic series of the Mont Fort and Siviez-Mischabel Nappes.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
ZirconUraniniteTourmalineTitaniteTennantite Subgroup
RutileQuartzPyriteMonazite-(Ce)Microcline
IlmeniteHematiteGoldFluorapatiteCrichtonite
ClausthaliteChlorite GroupChalcopyriteCalciteAlbite
Reference:
Wülser, P.-A., Meisser, N., Brugger, J., Schenk, K., Ansermet, S., Bonin, M., Bussy, F. (2005) Cleusonite, (Pb,Sr)(U4+,U6+)(Fe2+,Zn)2(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)18(O,OH)38, a new mineral species of the crichtonite group from the western Swiss Alps. European Journal of Mineralogy: 17: 933-942.
Download:
https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/EJM17_933.pdf

Synonyms of CleusoniteHide

Other Language Names for CleusoniteHide

Simplified Chinese:羟铅铀钛铁矿
Traditional Chinese:羥鉛鈾鈦鐵礦

Relationship of Cleusonite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Crichtonite Group
Other Members of this group:
AlmeidaitePbZn2(Mn,Y)(Ti,Fe3+)18O37(OH,O)Trig. 3 : R3
BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Mapiquiroite(Sr,Pb)(U,Y)Fe2(Ti,Fe3+,Cr3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
UM2003-08-O:AlCaFeREEScTiV(Ca,Ce)Sc(Ti,V,Fe,Al)20O38
UM2006-05-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-06-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Sr,Na,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-07-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Ca,Zr,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-08-O:CaFeKMnNaREESrTiZr(Na,Sr,K,REE)(Zr,Ca,Mn)(Ti,Fe)18Fe2O38
UM2006-09-O:CaFeMnREESrTiZr(Ce,Sr,REE)(Ca,Mn,Zr)Fe2(Ti,Fe)18O38
Unnamed (HBU UK-4)NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
9 photos of Cleusonite associated with RutileTiO2
8 photos of Cleusonite associated with QuartzSiO2
4 photos of Cleusonite associated with MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
3 photos of Cleusonite associated with Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38
3 photos of Cleusonite associated with HematiteFe2O3
2 photos of Cleusonite associated with TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
2 photos of Cleusonite associated with TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
1 photo of Cleusonite associated with AdulariaKAlSi3O8

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

4.CC.XuiteCa3Fe3+2[(AlO3(OH)]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.AllendeiteSc4Zr3O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BitikleiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[AlO4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.Yttriaite-(Y)Y2O3Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.ChlorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.Anzaite-(Ce)Ce3+ 4Fe2+Ti6O18 (OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.Heamanite-(Ce)(K0.5Ce0.5)TiO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.Priscillagrewite-(Y)(Ca2Y)Zr2(AlO4)3Iso.
4.CC.SaranovskiteSrCaFe2+2(Cr4Ti2)Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.BotuobinskiteSrFe2+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)[O36(OH)2]Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.MirnyiteSrZr4+Mg2(Cr3+6Ti4+12)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.Haitaite-(La)LaU4+Fe3+2(Ti13Fe2+4Fe3+)O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.ShagamiteKFe11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.05ChrombismiteBi3+16Cr6+O27Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.10FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16Mon.
4.CC.10FluormayeniteCa12Al14O32F2Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.10FluorkyuygeniteCa12Al14O32[(H2O)4F2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.15GrossiteCaAl4O7Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.CC.17GoldschmidtiteKNbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.20ChlormayeniteCa12Al14O32[◻4Cl2]Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
4.CC.20Unnamed (HBU UK-4)NaFe2+Zn2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20PaseroitePbMn2+(Mn2+,Fe3+)2(V5+,Ti,◻)18O38 Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20Mianningite(◻,Pb,Ce,Na)(U4+,Mn,U6+)Fe3+2 (Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.20UM1987-03-O:FePbTiU~(U,Pb)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Mn)21O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.22KahlenbergiteKAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.22GoreriteCaAlFe3+11O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.25YafsoaniteCa3Te6+2(ZnO4)3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.25NixoniteNa2Ti6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.30LatrappiteCa2NbFe3+O6Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30LueshiteNaNbO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.CC.30NatroniobiteNaNbO3Mon.
4.CC.30PerovskiteCaTiO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30BarioperovskiteBaTiO3Orth. mm2 : Amm2
4.CC.30LakargiiteCa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
4.CC.30MegawiteCaSnO3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pban
4.CC.32UsturiteCa3(Sb5+Zr)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32ElbrusiteCa3(U6+0.5Zr1.5)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32DzhuluiteCa3(Sb5+Sn4+)[Fe3+O4]3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.32MonteneveiteCa3Sb5+2(Fe3+2Fe2+)O12Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Ia3d
4.CC.35Loparite-(Ce)(Na,REE)2Ti2O6Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.CC.35MacedonitePbTiO3Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.CC.35TausoniteSrTiO3Iso. 4 3m
4.CC.35Isolueshite(Na,La)NbO3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pm3m
4.CC.35Panguite(Ti,Al,Sc,Mg,Zr,Ca)1.8O3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
4.CC.37PauloabibiteNaNbO3Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40CrichtoniteSr(Mn,Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Ce)Ce(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(La)La(Y,U)Fe2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH,F)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Davidite-(Y)(La,Ce,Na,Ca,Pb)(Y,Fe2+,◻)(Fe2+,Mn2+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Nb,Zr)18O38 (hypothetical)Trig.
4.CC.40LandauiteNaMnZn2(Ti,Fe)6Ti12O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38Trig.
4.CC.40Loveringite(Ca,Ce,La)(Zr,Fe)(Mg,Fe)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,Al)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40SenaitePb(Mn,Y,U)(Fe,Zn)2(Ti,Fe,Cr,V)18(O,OH)38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40UhligiteCa3(Ti,Al,Zr)9O20 ?Iso.
4.CC.40Dessauite-(Y)(Sr,Pb)(Y,U)(Ti,Fe3+)20O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.40Gramaccioliite-(Y)(Pb,Sr)(Y,Mn)Fe3+2(Ti,Fe3+)18O38Trig. 3 : R3
4.CC.45DiaoyudaoiteNaAl11O17Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HiboniteCaAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45LindqvistitePb2Mn2+Fe16O27Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Magnetoplumbite(Pb,Mn)(Fe,Mn)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45PlumboferritePb2(Fe3+,Mn2+,Mg)11O19Trig. 3 2 : P3 1 2
4.CC.45YimengiteK(Cr,Ti,Fe,Mg)12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45HaggertyiteBaFe2+4Fe3+2Ti5MgO19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45NežilovitePbZn2Mn4+2Fe3+8O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BatiferriteBaTi2Fe3+8Fe2+2O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45ChihuahuaiteFeAl12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45BarioferriteBaFe3+12O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.45Kangite(Sc,Ti,Al,Zr,Mg,Ca,◻)2O3 Iso. m3 (2/m 3)
4.CC.45Mizraite-(Ce)Ce(Al11Mg)O19Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mmc
4.CC.50Jeppeite(K,Ba)2(Ti,Fe)6O13Mon. 2/m : B2/m
4.CC.55ZenzénitePb3Fe3+4Mn4+3O15Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm
4.CC.60Mengxianminite (of Huang et al.)(Ca,Na)3(Fe,Mn)2Mg2(Sn,Zn)5Al8O29

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:
Paramagnetic
Notes:
Radioactive
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for CleusoniteHide

References for CleusoniteHide

Localities for CleusoniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria
 
  • Carinthia
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Rennweg am Katschberg
        • Katschberg
Niedermayr (2007)
  • Lower Austria
    • Horn District
      • Brunn an der Wild
        • Atzelsdorf
Pristacz et al. (2011)
  • Salzburg
    • Tamsweg District
      • Muhr
        • Schellgaden
          • Gold mines
Brandstätter et al. (2008)
    • Zell am See District
      • Rauris
Gerhard Brandstetter collection (analysed) +2 other references
BRANDSTÄTTER et al. (2008)
China
 
  • Shaanxi
    • Weinan
      • Huayin City
Dianhao Huang et al. (1984) +4 other references
Italy
 
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Varzo
        • Veglia Alp (Alpe Veglia)
Cuchet et al. (2019)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
        • Pfitsch (Val di Vizze)
          • Sankt Jakob (San Giacomo)
            • Vizze Pass (Pfitsch Pass; Pfitscher Joch)
Folie et al. (2010)
North Macedonia
 
  • Prilep Municipality
Wülser et al. (2006)
Russia
 
  • Amur Oblast
    • Dambuki ore cluster
Anatoly Kasatkin analytical data 2016
Switzerland
 
  • Ticino
    • Leventina
      • Airolo
        • Fontana
Beppe Raineri find & collection
  • Valais
    • Conthey
      • Nendaz
Wülser et al. (2006)
    • Goms
      • Binn
Cuchet et al. (2019)
    • Leuk
      • Leuk
Ansermet (2012)
    • Östlich Raron
      • Grengiols
        • Chummibort
Cuchet et al. (2014)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Ayer
Ansermet et al. (2021)
        • Saint-Luc
Wulser P.A. et al. 2005
Ansermet (2012)
Ansermet (2012)
Ansermet (2012)
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