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Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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06569950014947102702377.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
00620250014948338123329.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn), etc.

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
05159240015454627771852.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
06569950014947102702377.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
00620250014948338123329.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn), etc.

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
07890380015450057289917.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
02160600014947982315636.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn)

Broken Hill, Broken Hill district, Yancowinna Co., New South Wales, Australia
00620250014948338123329.jpg
Pyrosmalite-(Mn), etc.

Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
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About Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Formula:
Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Colour:
Blackish green, pistachio-green, liver-brown, brown, gray
Lustre:
Pearly
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Specific Gravity:
3.06 - 3.19
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
Originally named manganpyrosmalite by By Clifford Frondel and Lawson H. Bauer for its manganese-dominant composition relative to the original pyrosmalite. Both pyrosmalites were later given suffixes, -(Mn) or -(Fe) by the IMA to indicated cation dominance in the chemical formula
Isostructural with:
Pyrosmalite Group
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series.
Chemically very similar to friedelite (monoclinic-pseudorhombohedral) and mcgillite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2491
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2491:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
fda2adf6-1a41-4b4e-a84b-a1fe0b84e947

IMA Classification of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Classification of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.EE.10

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
Dana 8th ed.:
72.4.1a.2

72 : PHYLLOSILICATES Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings
4 : Two-Dimensional Infinite Sheets with Other Than Six-Membered Rings with 4-, 6-, and 12-membered rings
Hey's CIM Ref.:
17.3.14

17 : Silicates Containing other Anions
3 : Silicates with chloride (including aluminosilicates)

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
Pys-MnIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
PysWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Lustre:
Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on {0001}
Colour:
Blackish green, pistachio-green, liver-brown, brown, gray
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {0001}, {1010} less perfect.
Density:
3.06 - 3.19 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.14 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.669 - 1.670 nε = 1.631
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.038 - 0.039
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
O = greenish yellow; E = colorless.

Chemistry of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Mindat Formula:
Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10
Elements listed:
Cl, H, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
As,Zn,Mg,Ca,H20

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1
SiO233.64 %
Al2O30.19 %
Fe2O3*0.46 %
FeO*24.24 %
MnO26.89 %
CuO0.01 %
MgO0.58 %
CaO0.03 %
SrO0.02 %
Na2O0.01 %
Cl4.27 %
H2O*7.32 %
=O-(F+Cl)-0.96 %
Total:96.7 %
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Nippyo mine, Awano, Kanuma City, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan
Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-190)

Crystallography of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:
P3m1
Setting:
P3m1
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.422(5) Å, c = 7.165(2) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 0.534
Unit Cell V:
1,117.84 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Thick prismatic hexagonal crystals, to 4 cm, in subparallel groups.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0005191Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Kato T, Takeuchi Y (1983) The pyrosmalite group of minerals I. Structure refinement of Manganpyrosmalite Sample 1: Iron-rich manganpyrosmalite, Kyurazawa mine, Japan The Canadian Mineralogist 21 1-619830293
0005192Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Kato T, Takeuchi Y (1983) The pyrosmalite group of minerals I. Structure refinement of Manganpyrosmalite The Canadian Mineralogist 21 1-61983Kyurazawa mine, Japan0293
0018490Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Takeuchi Y, Kawada I, Irimaziri S, Sadanaga R (1969) The crystal structure and polytypism of manganpyrosmalite Mineralogical Journal 5 450-4671969Kyurazawa mine, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan0293
0018491Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Kashaev A A (1968) The crystal structure of pyrosmalite Soviet Physics Crystallography 12 923-9241968Central Kazakhstan0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.16 Å(100)
3.583 Å(80)
3.419 Å(40)
2.683 Å(90)
2.251 Å(70)
1.672 Å(50)
1.523 Å(50)
Comments:
Sterling Mine, New Jersey, USA. The data are from the type description.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Type Occurrence of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Sterling Mine, Sterling Hill, Ogdensburg, Sussex County, New Jersey, USA
General Appearance of Type Material:
Granular veinlets in franklinite ore. Individual grains to about 0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 104214, 104215; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, C6216.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
WillemiteFriedeliteBementite
Reference:
Frondel, C. and L.H. Bauer (1953): Manganpyrosmalite and its polymorphic relation to friedelite and schallerite. Am. Mineral., 38, 755-760.

Synonyms of Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Other Language Names for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Relationship of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Pyrosmalite Group
Other Members of this group:
FriedeliteMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Mcgillite(Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
Forms a series with:
Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Pyrosmalite-(Fe)-Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
6 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with CalciteCaCO3
4 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4
4 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with WillemiteZn2SiO4
4 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with BaryteBaSO4
2 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with HedenbergiteCaFe2+Si2O6
2 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with FluoriteCaF2
2 photos of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with KidwelliteNaFe3+9+x(PO4)6(OH)11 · 3H2O, x = 0.33
1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with SpessartineMn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with GalenaPbS
1 photo of Pyrosmalite-(Mn) associated with ManganiteMn3+O(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EE.CairncrossiteSr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-xTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.05BementiteMn7Si6O15(OH)8Mon.
9.EE.07InnsbruckiteMn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38Mon. m : Bm
9.EE.10BrokenhilliteMn8Si6O15(OH)10Hex. 6mm : P63mc
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10FriedeliteMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10Mcgillite(Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.15Nelenite(Mn,Fe)16(Si12O30)(OH)14[As3+3O6(OH)3]Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
9.EE.15SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.EE.20Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20TuperssuatsiaiteFe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20YofortieriteMn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20WindhoekiteFe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.20Windmountainite◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.25Falcondoite(Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth.
9.EE.25LoughliniteNa2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
9.EE.25SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnna
9.EE.25Kalifersite(K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30OrlymaniteCa4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2OHex.
9.EE.30TungusiteCa4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.35Reyerite(Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
9.EE.35Truscottite(Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2OTrig.
9.EE.35KodamaiteNa3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2O Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.40NatrosiliteNa2Si2O5Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EE.45MakatiteNa2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/b
9.EE.50VarennesiteNa8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2OOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.EE.55RaiteMn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2
9.EE.60IntersiliteNa6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2OMon.
9.EE.65ShafranovskiteNa3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2OTrig. 3m : P3 1c
9.EE.65ZakharoviteNa4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2OTrig. 3m
9.EE.70ZeophylliteCa13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
9.EE.75Minehillite(K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16Hex.
9.EE.80Fedorite(Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80Martinite(Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80EllingseniteNa5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.85Lalondeite(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

References for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

Reference List:
Frondel, Clifford, Bauer, L. H. (1953) Manganpyrosmalite and its polymorphic relation to friedelite and schallerite. American Mineralogist, 38 (9-10) 755-760
Hey, M.H. (1956) The empirical unit-cell contents of the friedelite family. American Mineralogist, 41, 134-138.
Hutton, C. Osborne (1956) Manganpyrosmalite, bustamite, and ferroan johannsenite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia. American Mineralogist, 41 (7-8) 581-591
Kayupova, M.M. (1964) Pyrosmalite from the Dzhumart and Ushkatyn deposits, central Kazakhstan. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR Earth Science Sections, 159, 82-85.
Kashaev, A.A. (1968) The crystal structure of pyrosmalite. Soviet Physics - Crystallography, 12, 923-924.
Takéuchi, Yoshio, Kawada, Isao, Irimaziri, Shigeko, Sadanaga, Ryoichi (1969) The crystal structure and polytypism of manganpyrosmalite. Mineralogical Journal, 5 (6) 450-467 doi:10.2465/minerj1953.5.450
Kato, T., Takéuchi, Y. (1983) The pyrosmalite group of minerals: I. Structure refinement of manganpyrosmalite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 21, 1-6.
Vaughan, J.P. (1987) Ferropyrosmalite and nomenclature in the pyrosmalite series. Mineralogical Magazine, 51, 174-174.
Pan, Y., Fleet, M.E., Barnett, R.L., Chen, Y. (1993) Pyrosmalite in Canadian Precambrian sulfide deposits: mineral chemistry, petrogenesis and significance. The Canadian Mineralogist, 31, 695-710,
Burke, Ernst A. J. (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record, 39 (2) 131-135
(2023) Pyrosmalite-(Mn) Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Stillwell et al. (1957) +1 other reference
M Willoughby collection
Domenico Preite specimen
  • South Australia
    • Eyre Peninsula
      • Middleback Range
        • Iron Knob
Francis (2010)
Canada
 
  • Northwest Territories
    • North Slave Region
      • Great Bear Lake
        • Port Radium District
Mark Mauthner specimen +1 other reference
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Gemmell Township
mineral chemistry (3) +1 other reference
  • QuĂ©bec
    • Nord-du-QuĂ©bec
      • Matagami
Canadian Mineralogist 31 +2 other references
China
 
  • Liaoning
    • Chaoyang
      • Chaoyang County
Yuanming Pan et al. (1993)
    • Huludao
      • Jianchang County
Shu et al. (2022)
Zhao et al. (2003)
Zhao et al. (2003)
Zhao et al. (2003)
Zhao et al. (2003)
France
 
  • Provence-Alpes-CĂŽte d'Azur
    • Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
      • Barcelonnette
        • Saint-Paul-sur-Ubaye
          • Maljasset
Bourbon M. (1972)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • La Spezia Province
      • Borghetto di Vara
Balestra et al. (2020)
Japan
 
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Noda
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
    • Kanuma City
      • Awano
Frank K. Mazdab collection (thin section FKM-190)
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
    • Nikko City
      • Ashio
Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) +1 other reference
Kato et al. (1994)
Norway
 
  • Oslo
    • Grorud
      • BĂ„nkall
Kvamsdal et al. (2014)
Romania
 
HĂźrtopanu et al. (2003) +1 other reference
  • CaraƟ-Severin County
    • Brebu
HĂąrtopanu et al. (1996)
  • Suceava County
    • CĂąrlibaba
      • CĂąrlibaba
HĂąrtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
    • Ciocănești
      • Ciocănești
Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
      • Tolovanu
HĂźrtopanu (1997) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
    • Sibay
Brusnitsyn (2006)
Slovakia
 
  • KoĆĄice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • SmolnĂ­k
Rojkovič (2001)
    • RoĆŸĆˆava District
      • Betliar
MyĆĄÄŸan et al. (2023)
      • Čučma
Koděra (1986)
Sweden
 
  • VĂ€rmland County
    • Filipstad
Gatedal (n.d.)
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
Nysten (2004)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Maloja Region
      • Samedan
        • Piz Corvatsch
Stalder et al. (1998)
Turkey
 
  • Denizli Province
    • Tavas
      • Ulukent
ÖztĂŒrk (1997)
USA (TL)
 
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Frondel et al. (1953) +2 other references
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