Kleberite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Kleberite
Formula:
FeTi6O11(OH)5
Structural formula: [Ti34+◻][Ti34+Fe3+]O11(OH)5
Colour:
Red-brown, orange, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy
Specific Gravity:
3.28
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for Wilhelm "Will" Kleber (15 December 1906 - 27 August 1970), a German mineralogist, crystallographer and petrologist, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany. The mineral name was originally published without IMA approval, but the species was finally officially approved in 2012.
Co-Type Localities:
Isostructural with:
Chemically similar to 'Hydroxylian Pseudorutile'.
Product of ilmenite alteration.
The structure is described as a unit-cell scale intergrowth of two elements: (1) goethite-type M(2)O(OH), with M(2) = Ti, and (2) rutile-type M(1)O2. The intergrowth plane is parallel to (100).
Product of ilmenite alteration.
The structure is described as a unit-cell scale intergrowth of two elements: (1) goethite-type M(2)O(OH), with M(2) = Ti, and (2) rutile-type M(1)O2. The intergrowth plane is parallel to (100).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
10804
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:10804:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
d76c987e-ef26-4596-a13e-0aa71ad11914
IMA Classification of Kleberite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5
Classification of Kleberite
4.CB.25
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
8.4.3.
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
4 : A2B3O9
8 : MULTIPLE OXIDES CONTAINING NIOBIUM,TANTALUM OR TITANIUM
4 : A2B3O9
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Kbr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kleberite
Vitreous, Waxy
Colour:
Red-brown, orange, brown
Comment:
Becomes orange when the Fe content decrease; yellow through red-brown to deep red in transmitted light.
Streak:
Beige
Tenacity:
Brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.28 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.91 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
Measured density lower than the calculated one due to intragrain porosity.
Optical Data of Kleberite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
n = 2.16(3)
Birefringence:
0.04-0.05
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
Locally biaxial (-) with 2V ~0; average n value given
Chemistry of Kleberite
Mindat Formula:
FeTi6O11(OH)5
Structural formula: [Ti34+◻][Ti34+Fe3+]O11(OH)5
Structural formula: [Ti34+◻][Ti34+Fe3+]O11(OH)5
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg,(V)
Crystallography of Kleberite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.5259(6) Å, b = 4.5741(2) Å, c = 9.854(1) Å
β = 130.784(6)°
β = 130.784(6)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.645 : 1 : 2.154
Unit Cell V:
256.85 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Comment:
Pseudohexagonal subcell (due to multiple twinning) with a = 2.845, c = 4.575 A (similar to pseudorutile which has a subcell with a = 2.866, c = 4.602 A) (Grey et al., 2013).
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0020642 | Kleberite | Grey I E, Bordet P, Wilson N C, Townend R, Bastow T J, Brunelli M (2010) A new Al-rich hydroxylian pseudorutile from Kalimantan, Indonesia American Mineralogist 95 161-170 | 2010 | Kalimantan, Indonesia | 0 | 293 | |
0019794 | Kleberite | Grey I E, Steinike K, MacRae C M (2013) Kleberite, Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5, a new ilmenite alteration product, from Konigshain, northeast Germany Mineralogical Magazine 77 45-55 | 2013 | Konigshain, northeast Germany | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.933 Å | (8) |
2.764 Å | (9) |
2.466 Å | (27) |
2.170 Å | (82) |
1.676 Å | (100) |
1.423 Å | (22) |
1.297 Å | (6) |
1.085 Å | (6) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] |
Type Occurrence of Kleberite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
Rounded grains, anhedral to euhedral, 0.04-0.3 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type specimens from Murray Basin and Kalimantan: Museum Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, nos. M52010 and M52011, respectively. Type specimen from Königshain: Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany, no. 1980-0283.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Tertiary sands of Königshain.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Kleberite
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) |
4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O |
4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 |
4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O |
4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 |
4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 |
4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 |
4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 |
4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 |
4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 |
4.CB.05 | Auroantimonate | AuSbO3 |
4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) |
4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 |
4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 |
4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 |
4.CB.10 | Avicennite | Tl2O3 |
4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 |
4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 |
4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 |
4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 |
4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 |
4.CB.15 | Griffinite | Al2TiO5 |
4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 |
4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 |
4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 |
4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 |
4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) |
4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 |
4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 |
4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 |
4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 |
4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 |
4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 |
4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 |
4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 |
4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 |
4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 |
4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 |
4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 |
4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 |
4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 |
4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 |
4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) |
4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 |
4.CB.85 | Liuite | FeTiO3 |
4.CB.90 | Luogufengite | Fe2O3 |
4.CB.95 | Wangdaodeite | FeTiO3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kleberite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-10804.html
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External Links:
References for Kleberite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2012) New minerals and nomenclature modifications approved in 2012. CNMNC Newsletter No 14. Mineralogical Magazine, 76 (5) 1281-1288 doi:10.1180/minmag.2012.076.5.15
Grey, I. E., Steinike, K., MacRae, C. M. (2013) Kleberite, Fe3+Ti6O11(OH)5, a new ilmenite alteration product, from Königshain, northeast Germany. Mineralogical Magazine, 77 (1) 45-55 doi:10.1180/minmag.2013.077.1.05
Localities for Kleberite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Germany (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Indonesia (TL) | |
| Williams et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
Senegal | |
| Delaporte (2020) |
Ukraine | |
| Kryvdik |
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Alluvial sands, Königshain-Wiederau, Mittelsachsen, Saxony, Germany