Avicennite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Avicennite
Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā'
Formula:
Tl2O3
Colour:
Greyish black with brownish black tint
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
1½ - 2½
Specific Gravity:
8.9
Crystal System:
Isometric
Name:
For the medieval Uzbek (Persian) scholar and physician, Abu 'Ali al-Husayn ibn 'Abd Allah ibn Sina (Avicenna) (980-1037), who lived in Bukhara, Tadzhikistan.
This page provides mineralogical data about Avicennite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
437
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:437:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
b21839df-ef46-4d75-9999-b91d43113831
IMA Classification of Avicennite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1958
Classification of Avicennite
4.CB.10
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
C : Metal: Oxygen = 2: 3,3: 5, and similar
B : With medium-sized cations
4.3.8.1
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
3 : A2X3
7.7.3
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
7 : Oxides of Group III metals other than Al
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Avc | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Avicennite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Greyish black with brownish black tint
Streak:
Greyish black, black with a brownish tint
Hardness:
1½ - 2½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=46 - 80 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Very brittle
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Hackly, Conchoidal
Density:
8.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 10.34 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Avicennite
Type:
Isotropic
Reflectivity:
| Wavelength | R |
|---|---|
| 400 nm | 11.5% |
| 470 nm | 12.5% |
| 500 nm | 13.0% |
| 546 nm | 12.7% |
| 589 nm | 12.3% |
| 650 nm | 10.6% |
| 700 nm | 11.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 13.0%.
Colour in reflected light:
Pale grey to medium grey
Chemistry of Avicennite
Mindat Formula:
Tl2O3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Fe
Crystallography of Avicennite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3 (2/m 3) - Diploidal
Space Group:
Ia3
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.5468 Å
Unit Cell V:
1,173.17 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
16
Morphology:
Crystals, less than 1 mm, some showing subhedral octahedral faces; porous grains; coatings on carlinite
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0017649 | Avicennite | Zachariasen W (1927) The crystal structure of the modification C of the sesquioxides of the rare earth metals, and of indium and thallium. _cod_database_code 1010927 Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 9 310-316 | 1927 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0015057 | Avicennite | Otto H H, Baltrusch R, Brant H J (1993) Further evidence for Tl3+ in Tl-based superconductors from improved bond strength parameters involving new structural data of cubic Tl2O3 Physica C 215 205-208 | 1993 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0017672 | Avicennite | Zachariasen W (1928) Untersuchungen ueber die Kristallstruktur von Sesquioxyden und Verbindungen A B O3 _cod_database_code 1010952 Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskaps-Akademi i Oslo 1928 1-165 | 1928 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.044 Å | (100) |
| 1.864 Å | (38) |
| 2.637 Å | (37) |
| 1.590 Å | (30) |
| 4.307 Å | (17) |
| 2.068 Å | (7) |
| 2.486 Å | (6) |
Comments:
Recorded on material from Carlin, Nevada, USA.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47h : [Near-surface oxidized, dehydrated minerals] |
Geological Setting:
Oxidation product of carlinite in carbonaceous gold ores in silicified limestones and quartz (Carlin, Nevada, USA).
Type Occurrence of Avicennite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
n.d.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Weathered zone of a hematite-calcite vein cutting banded marmorized and silicified limestones near a granite-gneiss contact.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Karpova, K. N., Kon'kova, E. A., Larkin, E. D. and Savel'ev, V. F. (1958): Avicennite, a new mineral. Doklady Akademii Nauk Uzbekistan SSR, 2, 23-26.
Other Language Names for Avicennite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 15 photos of Avicennite associated with Chert | |
| 6 photos of Avicennite associated with Parapierrotite | TlSb5S8 |
| 4 photos of Avicennite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 3 photos of Avicennite associated with Tripuhyite | Fe3+Sb5+O4 |
| 2 photos of Avicennite associated with Arseniosiderite | Ca2Fe3+3(AsO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Avicennite associated with Stibiconite | Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) |
| 1 photo of Avicennite associated with Cuprostibite | Cu2(Sb,Tl) |
| 1 photo of Avicennite associated with Vrbaite | Hg3Tl4As8Sb2S20 |
| 1 photo of Avicennite associated with Kermesite | Sb2S2O |
| 1 photo of Avicennite associated with Hydroxycalcioroméite | (Ca,Sb3+)2(Sb5+,Ti)2O6(OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.CB. | Ferrohögbomite-2N2S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn,Al)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB. | Magnesiohögbomite-6N12S | Mg5Al11TiO23(OH) |
| 4.CB. | Zhenruite | (MoO3)2 · H2O |
| 4.CB. | Pengite | (Pb8Sb3+3)Σ11Sb5+9O35 |
| 4.CB. | Virgilluethite | MoO3 · H2O |
| 4.CB.05 | Brizziite | NaSb5+O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Corundum | Al2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ecandrewsite | (Zn,Fe2+,Mn2+)TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Eskolaite | Cr2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Ilmenite | Fe2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Karelianite | V3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Melanostibite | Mn2+2Fe3+Sb5+O6 |
| 4.CB.05 | Pyrophanite | Mn2+TiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Akimotoite | (Mg,Fe2+)SiO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Auroantimonate | AuSbO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | UM1998-11-O-AuHSb | Au+2Sb3+O2(OH) |
| 4.CB.05 | Tistarite | Ti3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Unnamed (Fe-Cr Oxide) | FeCrO3 |
| 4.CB.05 | Hemleyite | (Fe2+0.48Mg0.37Ca0.04Na0.04Mn2+0.03Al0.03Cr3+0.01)sum=1.00Si1.00O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Mn) | Mn3+2O3 |
| 4.CB.10 | Bixbyite-(Fe) | (Fe,Mn)2O3 |
| 4.CB.15 | Armalcolite | (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Sassite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite | Fe2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Ferropseudobrookite | Fe2+Ti2O5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Griffinite | Al2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.15 | Pseudobrookite Group | |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N2S | [(Zn,Al,Fe2+)3(Al,Fe3+,Ti)8O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincohögbomite-2N6S | [(Zn,Mg)7(Al,Fe3+,Ti)16O31(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-6N6S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3(Al,Ti,Fe3+)8O15(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N3S | [(Mg,Fe2+,Zn)4(Al,Ti,Fe3+)10O19(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N2S | [(Mg,Fe2+)3[Al7(Ti,Fe3+)]O15(OH)]2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Ferrohögbomite-6N12S | [(Fe2+,Mg,Zn)5(Al,Ti,Fe3+)12O23(OH)]6 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiohögbomite-2N4S | (Mg8.43Fe2+1.57)sum=10Al22Ti4+2O46(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Magnesiobeltrandoite-2N3S | (Mg6Al2)(Al18Fe3+2)O38(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.20 | Zincovelesite-6N6S | Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) |
| 4.CB.25 | Pseudorutile | Fe2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.25 | Kleberite | FeTi6O11(OH)5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Berdesinskiite | V3+2TiO5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Oxyvanite | V3+2V4+O5 |
| 4.CB.30 | Kaitianite | Ti3+2Ti4+O5 |
| 4.CB.35 | Olkhonskite | (Cr,V)2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Schreyerite | V3+2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Machiite | Al2Ti3O9 |
| 4.CB.35 | Vestaite | (Ti4+Fe2+)Ti4+3O9 |
| 4.CB.40 | Kamiokite | Fe2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Nolanite | V3+8Fe3+2O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite | Zn2Sb2Mg2Fe4O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.40 | Iseite | Mn2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Majindeite | Mg2Mo3O8 |
| 4.CB.40 | Rinmanite-(Zn) | Zn2Sb2(Fe3+4Zn2)O14(OH)2 |
| 4.CB.45 | Claudetite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.45 | Stibioclaudetite | AsSbO3 |
| 4.CB.50 | Arsenolite | As2O3 |
| 4.CB.50 | Senarmontite | Sb2O3 |
| 4.CB.55 | Valentinite | Sb2O3 |
| 4.CB.60 | Bismite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.65 | Sphaerobismoite | Bi2O3 |
| 4.CB.70 | Sillénite | Bi12SiO20 |
| 4.CB.75 | Kyzylkumite | V3+Ti2O5(OH) |
| 4.CB.80 | Tietaiyangite | Fe3+4Fe2+TiO9 |
| 4.CB.85 | Liuite | FeTiO3 |
| 4.CB.90 | Luogufengite | Fe2O3 |
| 4.CB.95 | Wangdaodeite | FeTiO3 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
Contains thallium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest.
Internet Links for Avicennite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-437.html
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References for Avicennite
Reference List:
Localities for Avicennite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
China | |
| Fan et al. (2005) |
| Shuihe Mao et al. (1989) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen (2001) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (1999) | |
North Macedonia | |
| Djordjevic et al. (2021) |
Russia | |
| Anisimova et al. (2020) +2 other references |
| Kasatkin et al. (2022) |
Switzerland | |
| Voegelin et al. (2015) +2 other references |
USA | |
| Radtke et al. (1978) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +2 other references |
Uzbekistan (TL) | |
| Karpova et al. (1958) +2 other references |
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Mount Nakkaalaaq, Ilímaussaq complex, Kujalleq, Greenland