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Arsenopalladinite

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02549560014946982153929.jpg
Arsenopalladinite

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
02755860014946982153453.jpg
Arsenopalladinite, etc.

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
07713660015693565353978.jpg
Arsenopalladinite, etc.

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
02549560014946982153929.jpg
Arsenopalladinite

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
09936230015693565369861.jpg
Arsenopalladinite, etc.

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
05073790015670073636465.jpg
Arsenopalladinite, etc.

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
02549560014946982153929.jpg
Arsenopalladinite

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
02755860014946982153453.jpg
Arsenopalladinite, etc.

Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About ArsenopalladiniteHide

Formula:
Pd8(As,Sb)3
Colour:
Yellowish, creamy white in reflected light.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
10.40
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
For its chemical composition
Likely polymorphous with stillwaterite. One of several Pd arsenide minerals, comparable to, e.g., isomertieite, Unnamed (Pd Arsenide).

Also compare with UM1993-02-AsTe:Pd.


Classification of ArsenopalladiniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Strunz 8th ed.:
2/A.05-40
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) ed.:
2.AC.10c

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
A : Alloys
C : Alloys of metalloids with PGE
Dana 8th ed.:
2.16.5.1

2 : SULFIDES
16 : Miscellaneous
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.12.29

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals

Physical Properties of ArsenopalladiniteHide

Lustre:
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Yellowish, creamy white in reflected light.
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=379 - 449 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Malleable
Density:
10.40 g/cm3 (Measured)    11.028 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of ArsenopalladiniteHide

Anisotropism:
Strong - red and golden brown to blue-gray - air; khaki-brown to blue gray and bright steel-gray in oil
Reflectivity:
400nmR1=43.9%R2= 44.5%
420nmR1=44.7%R2= 45.8%
440nmR1=45.7%R2= 46.5%
460nmR1=46.8%R2= 47.8%
480nmR1=48.1%R2= 49.4%
500nmR1=49.4%R2= 50.8%
520nmR1=50.8%R2= 52.4%
540nmR1=52.1%R2= 53.9%
560nmR1=53.2%R2= 55.1%
580nmR1=54.4%R2= 56.4%
600nmR1=55.4%R2= 57.3%
620nmR1=56.4%R2= 58.1%
640nmR1=57.0%R2= 58.8%
660nmR1=57.7%R2= 59.2%
680nmR1=58.2%R2= 59.8%
700nmR1=58.8%R2= 60.0%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 60.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White, with yellowish creamy tint

Chemical Properties of ArsenopalladiniteHide

Formula:
Pd8(As,Sb)3
IMA Formula:
Pd8As3
Elements listed:
As, Pd, Sb - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Cu

Crystallography of ArsenopalladiniteHide

Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pedial
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.43 Å, b = 13.95 Å, c = 7.35 Å
α = 92.88°, β = 119.5°, γ = 87.85°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.533 : 1 : 0.527
Unit Cell V:
662.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Rounded grains to 1.8 mm

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.34 Å(60)
2.28 Å(20)
2.19 Å(20)
2.13 Å(100)
1.41 Å(40)
1.24 Å(30)
1.21 Å(30)
Comments:
Itabira, Brazil.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Geological Setting:
Gold deposits

Type Occurrence of ArsenopalladiniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1934,72, 1977,258; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M34726; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 142504.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
StillwateriteQuartzPalladseiteIsomertieiteHematite
GoldAtheneite

Other Language Names for ArsenopalladiniteHide

Relationship of Arsenopalladinite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Arsenopalladinite Group
Other Members of this group:
StibiopalladinitePd5Sb2Hex.

Common AssociatesHide

Braggite(Pt,Pd,Ni)S
GoldAu
HematiteFe2O3
Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS
Palladium(Pd,Pt)
PalladseitePd17Se15
QuartzSiO2
SperrylitePtAs2
StillwateritePd8As3
Vysotskite(Pd,Ni)S
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with IsomertieitePd11Sb2As2
1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with GoldAu
1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with BorniteCu5FeS4
1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with PalladinitePdO

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz GroupingHide

2.AC.TörnroositePd11As2Te2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.AC.05aAtheneitePd2As0.75Hg0.25Hex. 6 m2 : P62m
2.AC.05bVincentitePd3AsTet.
2.AC.10bMertieite-IIPd8Sb2.5As0.5Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
2.AC.10aStillwateritePd8As3Trig.
2.AC.15aIsomertieitePd11Sb2As2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.AC.15bMertieite-IPd11(Sb,As)4Hex.
2.AC.15aMiessiitePd11Te2Se2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
2.AC.20bPalarstanidePd5(Sn,As)2Hex.
2.AC.20aStibiopalladinitePd5Sb2Hex.
2.AC.20cMenshikovitePd3Ni2As3Hex. 6/m : P63/m
2.AC.25eMajakitePdNiAsHex.
2.AC.25aPalladoarsenidePd2AsMon. 2/m : P2/m
2.AC.25fPalladobismutharsenidePd2(As,Bi)Orth.
2.AC.25cPalladodymite(Pd,Rh)2AsOrth.
2.AC.25bRhodarsenide(Rh,Pd)2AsOrth.
2.AC.25dNaldrettitePd2SbOrth. mm2 : Cmc21
2.AC.30UM1999-02-As:NiRh(Rh,Ni)7As4
2.AC.30PolkanoviteRh12As7Hex.
2.AC.35aGenkinite(Pt,Pd,Rh)4Sb3Tet. 4 2 2
2.AC.35bUngavaitePd4Sb3Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2
2.AC.40PolaritePd(Bi,Pb)Orth. mm2 : Cmc21
2.AC.45cBorishanskiitePd1+x(As,Pb)2 , x = 0-0.2Orth. mm2
2.AC.45aFrooditeα-PdBi2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
2.AC.45bIridarsenite(Ir,Ru)As2Mon.

Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals GroupingHide

3.12.1Seinäjokite(Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)2Orth.
3.12.2LauriteRuS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
3.12.3Ruthenarsenite(Ru,Ni)AsOrth.
3.12.4Anduoite(Ru,Os)As2Orth.
3.12.5Ruarsite(Ru,Os)AsSMon.
3.12.6XingzhongitePb2+Ir3+2S4Iso.
3.12.7RhodplumsiteRh3Pb2S2Trig.
3.12.8Cuprorhodsite(Cu1+0.5Fe3+0.5)Rh3+2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
3.12.9KonderiteCu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16Hex. 6/m : P6/m
3.12.10Bowieite(Rh,Ir,Pt)2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
3.12.11CherepanoviteRhAsOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
3.12.12Hollingworthite(Rh,Pt,Pd)AsSIso. m3 (2/m 3)
3.12.13Vysotskite(Pd,Ni)STet.
3.12.14Vasilite(Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7Iso.
3.12.15PalladseitePd17Se15Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
3.12.16Oosterboschite(Pd,Cu)7Se5Orth.
3.12.17TelluropalladinitePd9Te4Mon.
3.12.18TemagamitePd3HgTe3Trig. 3m : P3m1
3.12.19SopcheiteAg4Pd3Te4Orth.
3.12.20MicheneritePdBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
3.12.21KotulskitePd(Te,Bi)2-x (x ≈ 0.4)Hex.
3.12.22Telargpalite(Pd,Ag)3(Te,Bi)Iso.
3.12.23MerenskyitePdTe2Trig. 3m : P3m1
3.12.24PalladoarsenidePd2AsMon. 2/m : P2/m
3.12.25StillwateritePd8As3Trig.
3.12.26AtheneitePd2As0.75Hg0.25Hex. 6 m2 : P62m
3.12.27MajakitePdNiAsHex.
3.12.28PalarstanidePd5(Sn,As)2Hex.
3.12.30VincentitePd3AsTet.
3.12.31PalladobismutharsenidePd2(As,Bi)Orth.
3.12.32StibiopalladinitePd5Sb2Hex.
3.12.33Hexatestibiopanickelite(Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te)Hex.
3.12.34SudburyitePdSbHex.
3.12.35TestibiopalladitePdTe(Sb,Te)Iso.
3.12.36BorovskitePd3SbTe4Iso.
3.12.37IsomertieitePd11Sb2As2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
3.12.38Mertieite-IPd11(Sb,As)4Hex.
3.12.39Mertieite-IIPd8Sb2.5As0.5Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c
3.12.40SobolevskitePdBiHex.
3.12.41Frooditeα-PdBi2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
3.12.42PolaritePd(Bi,Pb)Orth. mm2 : Cmc21
3.12.43UrvantsevitePd(Bi,Pb)2Tet.
3.12.44CooperitePtSTet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mmc
3.12.45Braggite(Pt,Pd,Ni)STet.
3.12.46Kharaelakhite(Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm
3.12.47MalaniteCu1+(Ir3+Pt4+)S4Iso.
3.12.48Moncheite(Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)2Trig.
3.12.49MaslovitePtBiTeIso. 2 3 : P21 3
3.12.50SperrylitePtAs2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
3.12.51PlatarsitePtAsSIso.
3.12.52GeversitePtSb2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
3.12.53DaomaniteCuPtAsS2Orth.
3.12.54Genkinite(Pt,Pd,Rh)4Sb3Tet. 4 2 2
3.12.55StumpflitePtSbHex.
3.12.56InsizwaitePt(Bi,Sb)2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
3.12.57ErlichmaniteOsS2Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3
3.12.58Omeiite(Os,Ru)As2Orth.
3.12.59Osarsite(Os,Ru)AsSMon.
3.12.60Kashinite(Ir,Rh)2S3Orth.
3.12.61InaglyiteCu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16Hex.
3.12.62Cuproiridsite(Cu,Fe)Ir2S4Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m
3.12.63Iridarsenite(Ir,Ru)As2Mon.
3.12.64Irarsite(Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsSIso.
3.12.65TolovkiteIrSbSIso.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Palladium ore

References for ArsenopalladiniteHide

Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Fleischer, M. (1974) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 59: 1330-1332.
Clark, A.M., Criddle, A.J., Fejer, E.E. (1974) Palladium arsenide–antimonides from Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 528-543.
Fleischer, M., Mandarino, J.A., Chao, G.Y. (1979) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 64: 652-659.
Cabri, L.J., Clark, A.M., Chen, T.T. (1977) Arsenopalladinite from Itabira, Brazil, and from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Canadian Mineralogist: 15: 70-73.
Olivo, G.R., Gauthier, M. (1995) Palladium Minerals from the Cauê Iron Mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine: 59: 455-463.

Internet Links for ArsenopalladiniteHide

Localities for ArsenopalladiniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil (TL)
 
  • Minas Gerais
Cabri, L.J., Clark, A.M., Chen, T.T. (1977) Arsenopalladinite from Itabira, Brazil, and from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Canadian Mineralogist: 15: 70-73.; Chem. Index of Minerals (1955) p. 23 and 339.; Clark, A.M., Criddle, A.J., Fejer, E.E. (1974) Palladium arsenide-antimonides from habira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine: 39(305): 528-543.
Olivo, G.R., Gammons, C.H. (1996) Thermodynamic and textural evidence for at least two stages of Au-Pd mineralization at the Caue iron mine, Itabira District, Brazil. Canadian Mineralogist: 34: 547-557.
  • Pará
    • Carajás mineral province
      • Curionópolis
Berni, G. V., Heinrich, C. A., Lobato, L. M., Wall, V. J., Rosière, C. A., & Freitas, M. A. (2014). The Serra Pelada Au-Pd-Pt Deposit, Carajás, Brazil: Geochemistry, Mineralogy, and Zoning of Hydrothermal Alteration. Economic Geology, 109(7), 1883-1899.
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Kenora District
      • Ring of Fire
        • BMA527861 Area
N Farhangi,CM Lesher,and MG Houlé
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Coldwell complex
Mcdonald, A.M., Cabri, L.J., Stanley, C.J., Good, D.J., Redpath, J., Lane, G., Spratt, J. & Ames, D.E. (2015) Coldwellite, Pd3Ag2S, a new mineral species from the Marathon deposit, Coldwell complex, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 53, 1-13. ; Good, D. J., Cabri, L. J., & Ames, D. E. (2017). PGM facies variations for Cu-PGE deposits in the Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Ontario, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 748-771.
Good, D. J., Cabri, L. J., & Ames, D. E. (2017). PGM facies variations for Cu-PGE deposits in the Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Ontario, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 748-771.
      • Seeley Lake Area
Good, D. J., Cabri, L. J., & Ames, D. E. (2017). PGM facies variations for Cu-PGE deposits in the Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Ontario, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 748-771.
EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc, Marathon Project (2012) Table 4.1-3
Good, D. J., Cabri, L. J., & Ames, D. E. (2017). PGM facies variations for Cu-PGE deposits in the Coldwell Alkaline Complex, Ontario, Canada. Ore Geology Reviews, 90, 748-771.; Cao, Y. (2017). Cu-Pd mineralization and exploration geochemistry of the Eastern Gabbro, Coldwell Alkaline Complex, ON, Canada. PhD thesis, University of Western Ontario
China
 
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Midu County
Huanbin Song, Mingqin He, Shangzhong Zhang, and Fenghuang Yi (2008): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 104-108.
Finland
 
Törnroos Ragnar, Johanson Bo, Kojonen Kari, 1998. Alluvial nuggets of platinum group minerals and alloys from Finnish Lapland. Geological survey of Finland, Special Paper
    • Enontekiö
33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland; Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
    • Inari
      • Ivalojoki
Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67
    • Portimo complex
Econ Geol (1986) 81:1236-1241
Handbook of Mineralogy
    • Rovaniemi
Guice, G. L., Törmänen, T., Karykowski, B. T., Johanson, B., & Lahaye, Y. (2017). Precious metal mineralisation in the Sotkavaara Intrusion, northern Finland: Peak Pt, Pd, Au and Cu offsets in a small intrusion with poorly-developed magmatic layering. Ore Geology Reviews, 89, 701-718.
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Ain
      • Lescheroux
Lorand, J.-P., Ducluzaux, B., & Pont, S. (2018). Une nouvelle découverte de pépites de minéraux du groupe du platine (platine, osmium, iridium) en France : les cailloutis et alluvions de la Reyssouze (Ain). Le Règne Minéral 143, 5-16.
India
 
  • Karnataka
    • Davanagere District
      • Shimoga schist belt
Devaraju, T. C., Alapieti, T. T., & Kaukonen, R. J. (2005). SEM-EDS Study of the Platinum-Group Minerals in the PGE Mineralized Hanumalapura Segment of the Layered Mafic-Ultramafic Complex of Channagifu, Davangere District, Karnataka. Geological Society of India, 65(6), 745-752.
Japan
 
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Kamikawa Subprefecture
The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
Norway
 
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Porsanger
Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (1998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49
Russia
 
  • Khabarovsk Krai
    • Ayan-Maya district
Lennikov, A. M., Zalishak, B. L., & Oktyabrsky, R. A. (2004). The Konder massif of ultramafic and alkaline rocks and related PGM mineralization. In Interim IAGOD Conf. Excursion Guidebook. Vladivostok: Dalnauka (p. 29).
  • Krasnoyarsk Krai
    • Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug
      • Taimyr Peninsula
        • Putoran Plateau
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Fedorovo-Pansky massif (Pana layered complex)
Groshev, N.Y.; Rundkvist, T.V.; Karykowski, B.T.; Maier, W.D.; Korchagin, A.U.; Ivanov, A.N.; Junge, M. (2019) Low-Sulfide Platinum–Palladium Deposits of the Paleoproterozoic Fedorova–Pana Layered Complex, Kola Region, Russia. Minerals 9, 764.
    • Monchegorsk
33 IGC excursion No 48, August 15 – 21, 2008
Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382.
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Kontupohja District
(2014) 12th International Platinum Symposium p63
South Africa
 
Minerals of South Africa
  • Limpopo
    • Phalaborwa
      • Loolekop
Nikolay Rudashevsky et al (2001) Efficient Technology of Ore Minerals Investigation of PGE-Bearing Deposits – Case Study in (2001) European Union of Geosciences Conference XI (OS6)
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District
Handbook of Mineralogy
USA
 
  • Montana
    • Stillwater Co.
      • J-M Reef (Howland Reef)
www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm
Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
Canadian Mineralogist (1977): 15: 70-73.; Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 329-346 (1986)
  • Pennsylvania
    • Chester Co.
      • State Line Chromite Mining District
Smith, II, R. C. and Barnes, J. H. (2011)
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