Arsenopalladinite
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About Arsenopalladinite
Formula:
Pd8(As,Sb)3
Colour:
Yellowish, creamy white in reflected light.
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4
Specific Gravity:
10.40
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
For its chemical composition
Type Locality:
Likely polymorphous with stillwaterite. One of several Pd arsenide minerals, comparable to, e.g., isomertieite, Unnamed (Pd Arsenide).
Classification of Arsenopalladinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
2/A.05-40
2.AC.10c
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
A : Alloys
C : Alloys of metalloids with PGE
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
A : Alloys
C : Alloys of metalloids with PGE
2.16.5.1
2 : SULFIDES
16 : Miscellaneous
2 : SULFIDES
16 : Miscellaneous
3.12.29
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
12 : Sulphides etc. of the platinum metals
Physical Properties of Arsenopalladinite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Yellowish, creamy white in reflected light.
Hardness:
4 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=379 - 449 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Malleable
Density:
10.40 g/cm3 (Measured) 11.028 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Arsenopalladinite
Type:
Anisotropic
Anisotropism:
Strong - red and golden brown to blue-gray - air; khaki-brown to blue gray and bright steel-gray in oil
Reflectivity:
| 400nm | R1=43.9% | R2= 44.5% |
| 420nm | R1=44.7% | R2= 45.8% |
| 440nm | R1=45.7% | R2= 46.5% |
| 460nm | R1=46.8% | R2= 47.8% |
| 480nm | R1=48.1% | R2= 49.4% |
| 500nm | R1=49.4% | R2= 50.8% |
| 520nm | R1=50.8% | R2= 52.4% |
| 540nm | R1=52.1% | R2= 53.9% |
| 560nm | R1=53.2% | R2= 55.1% |
| 580nm | R1=54.4% | R2= 56.4% |
| 600nm | R1=55.4% | R2= 57.3% |
| 620nm | R1=56.4% | R2= 58.1% |
| 640nm | R1=57.0% | R2= 58.8% |
| 660nm | R1=57.7% | R2= 59.2% |
| 680nm | R1=58.2% | R2= 59.8% |
| 700nm | R1=58.8% | R2= 60.0% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 60.0%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White, with yellowish creamy tint
Chemical Properties of Arsenopalladinite
Formula:
Pd8(As,Sb)3
IMA Formula:
Pd8As3
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Cu
Crystallography of Arsenopalladinite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pedial
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.43 Å, b = 13.95 Å, c = 7.35 Å
α = 92.88°, β = 119.5°, γ = 87.85°
α = 92.88°, β = 119.5°, γ = 87.85°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.533 : 1 : 0.527
Unit Cell V:
662.14 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Rounded grains to 1.8 mm
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 2.34 | (60) |
| 2.28 | (20) |
| 2.19 | (20) |
| 2.13 | (100) |
| 1.41 | (40) |
| 1.24 | (30) |
| 1.21 | (30) |
Comments:
Itabira, Brazil.
Type Occurrence of Arsenopalladinite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1934,72, 1977,258; Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada, M34726; National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 142504.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Arsenopalladinite
German:Arsenopalladinit
Spanish:Arsenopalladinita
Relationship of Arsenopalladinite to other Species
Common Associates
| Braggite | (Pt,Pd,Ni)S |
| Gold | Au |
| Hematite | Fe2O3 |
| Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS |
| Palladium | (Pd,Pt) |
| Palladseite | Pd17Se15 |
| Quartz | SiO2 |
| Sperrylite | PtAs2 |
| Stillwaterite | Pd8As3 |
| Vysotskite | (Pd,Ni)S |
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| Isomertieite | 1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with Isomertieite on mindat.org. |
| Gold | 1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with Gold on mindat.org. |
| Bornite | 1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with Bornite on mindat.org. |
| Palladinite | 1 photo of Arsenopalladinite associated with Palladinite on mindat.org. |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
| 2.AC.05a | Atheneite | Pd2As0.75Hg0.25 | Hex. 6 m2 : P62m |
| 2.AC.05b | Vincentite | Pd3As | Tet. |
| 2.AC.10b | Mertieite-II | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 2.AC.10a | Stillwaterite | Pd8As3 | Trig. |
| 2.AC.15a | Isomertieite | Pd11Sb2As2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 2.AC.15b | Mertieite-I | Pd11(Sb,As)4 | Hex. |
| 2.AC.15a | Miessiite | Pd11Te2Se2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 2.AC.20b | Palarstanide | Pd5(Sn,As)2 | Hex. |
| 2.AC.20a | Stibiopalladinite | Pd5Sb2 | Hex. |
| 2.AC.20c | Menshikovite | Pd3Ni2As3 | Hex. 6/m : P63/m |
| 2.AC.25e | Majakite | PdNiAs | Hex. |
| 2.AC.25a | Palladoarsenide | Pd2As | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| 2.AC.25f | Palladobismutharsenide | Pd2(As,Bi) | Orth. |
| 2.AC.25c | Palladodymite | (Pd,Rh)2As | Orth. |
| 2.AC.25b | Rhodarsenide | (Rh,Pd)2As | Orth. |
| 2.AC.25d | Naldrettite | Pd2Sb | Orth. mm2 : Cmc21 |
| 2.AC.30 | UM1999-02-As:NiRh | (Rh,Ni)7As4 | |
| 2.AC.30 | Polkanovite | Rh12As7 | Hex. |
| 2.AC.35a | Genkinite | (Pt,Pd,Rh)4Sb3 | Tet. 4 2 2 |
| 2.AC.35b | Ungavaite | Pd4Sb3 | Tet. 4 2 2 : P41 21 2 |
| 2.AC.40 | Polarite | Pd(Bi,Pb) | Orth. mm2 : Cmc21 |
| 2.AC.45c | Borishanskiite | Pd1+x(As,Pb)2 , x = 0-0.2 | Orth. mm2 |
| 2.AC.45a | Froodite | α-PdBi2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 2.AC.45b | Iridarsenite | (Ir,Ru)As2 | Mon. |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
| 3.12.1 | Seinäjokite | (Fe,Ni)(Sb,As)2 | Orth. |
| 3.12.2 | Laurite | RuS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
| 3.12.3 | Ruthenarsenite | (Ru,Ni)As | Orth. |
| 3.12.4 | Anduoite | (Ru,Os)As2 | Orth. |
| 3.12.5 | Ruarsite | (Ru,Os)AsS | Mon. |
| 3.12.6 | Xingzhongite | (Pb,Cu,Fe)(Ir,Pt,Rh)2S4 | Iso. |
| 3.12.7 | Rhodplumsite | Rh3Pb2S2 | Trig. |
| 3.12.8 | Cuprorhodsite | (Cu,Fe)Rh2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 3.12.9 | Konderite | Cu3Pb(Rh,Pt,Ir)8S16 | Hex. 6/m : P6/m |
| 3.12.10 | Bowieite | (Rh,Ir,Pt)2S3 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 3.12.11 | Cherepanovite | RhAs | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 3.12.12 | Hollingworthite | (Rh,Pt,Pd)AsS | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) |
| 3.12.13 | Vysotskite | (Pd,Ni)S | Tet. |
| 3.12.14 | Vasilite | (Pd,Cu)16(S,Te)7 | |
| 3.12.15 | Palladseite | Pd17Se15 | |
| 3.12.16 | Oosterboschite | (Pd,Cu)7Se5 | Orth. |
| 3.12.17 | Telluropalladinite | Pd9Te4 | Mon. |
| 3.12.18 | Temagamite | Pd3HgTe3 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
| 3.12.19 | Sopcheite | Ag4Pd3Te4 | Orth. |
| 3.12.20 | Michenerite | PdBiTe | |
| 3.12.21 | Kotulskite | Pd(Te,Bi) | Hex. |
| 3.12.22 | Telargpalite | (Pd,Ag)3(Te,Bi) | Iso. |
| 3.12.23 | Merenskyite | (Pd,Pt)(Te,Bi)2 | Trig. 3m : P3m1 |
| 3.12.24 | Palladoarsenide | Pd2As | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| 3.12.25 | Stillwaterite | Pd8As3 | Trig. |
| 3.12.26 | Atheneite | Pd2As0.75Hg0.25 | Hex. 6 m2 : P62m |
| 3.12.27 | Majakite | PdNiAs | Hex. |
| 3.12.28 | Palarstanide | Pd5(Sn,As)2 | Hex. |
| 3.12.30 | Vincentite | Pd3As | Tet. |
| 3.12.31 | Palladobismutharsenide | Pd2(As,Bi) | Orth. |
| 3.12.32 | Stibiopalladinite | Pd5Sb2 | Hex. |
| 3.12.33 | Hexatestibiopanickelite | (Pd,Ni)(Sb,Te) | Hex. |
| 3.12.34 | Sudburyite | (Pd,Ni)Sb | Hex. |
| 3.12.35 | Testibiopalladite | PdTe(Sb,Te) | Iso. |
| 3.12.36 | Borovskite | Pd3SbTe4 | Iso. |
| 3.12.37 | Isomertieite | Pd11Sb2As2 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 3.12.38 | Mertieite-I | Pd11(Sb,As)4 | Hex. |
| 3.12.39 | Mertieite-II | Pd8Sb2.5As0.5 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
| 3.12.40 | Sobolevskite | Pd(Bi,Te) | Hex. |
| 3.12.41 | Froodite | α-PdBi2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 3.12.42 | Polarite | Pd(Bi,Pb) | Orth. mm2 : Cmc21 |
| 3.12.43 | Urvantsevite | Pd(Bi,Pb)2 | Tet. |
| 3.12.44 | Cooperite | PtS | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/mmc |
| 3.12.45 | Braggite | (Pt,Pd,Ni)S | Tet. |
| 3.12.46 | Kharaelakhite | (Cu,Pt,Pb,Fe,Ni)9S8 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm |
| 3.12.47 | Malanite | Cu(Pt3+,Ir3+)2S4 | Iso. |
| 3.12.48 | Moncheite | (Pt,Pd)(Te,Bi)2 | Trig. |
| 3.12.49 | Maslovite | PtBiTe | |
| 3.12.50 | Sperrylite | PtAs2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
| 3.12.51 | Platarsite | PtAsS | Iso. |
| 3.12.52 | Geversite | PtSb2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
| 3.12.53 | Daomanite | CuPtAsS2 | Orth. |
| 3.12.54 | Genkinite | (Pt,Pd,Rh)4Sb3 | Tet. 4 2 2 |
| 3.12.55 | Stumpflite | Pt(Sb,Bi) | Hex. |
| 3.12.56 | Insizwaite | Pt(Bi,Sb)2 | |
| 3.12.57 | Erlichmanite | OsS2 | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Pa3 |
| 3.12.58 | Omeiite | (Os,Ru)As2 | Orth. |
| 3.12.59 | Osarsite | (Os,Ru)AsS | Mon. |
| 3.12.60 | Kashinite | (Ir,Rh)2S3 | Orth. |
| 3.12.61 | Inaglyite | Cu3Pb(Ir,Pt)8S16 | Hex. |
| 3.12.62 | Cuproiridsite | (Cu,Fe)Ir2S4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
| 3.12.63 | Iridarsenite | (Ir,Ru)As2 | Mon. |
| 3.12.64 | Irarsite | (Ir,Ru,Rh,Pt)AsS | Iso. |
| 3.12.65 | Tolovkite | IrSbS | Iso. |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
Palladium ore
References for Arsenopalladinite
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Fleischer, M. (1974) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 59: 1330-1332.
Clark, A.M., Criddle, A.J., Fejer, E.E. (1974) Palladium arsenide–antimonides from Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine: 39: 528-543.
Fleischer, M., Mandarino, J.A., Chao, G.Y. (1979) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 64: 652-659.
Cabri, L.J., Clark, A.M., Chen, T.T. (1977) Arsenopalladinite from Itabira, Brazil, and from the Stillwater Complex, Montana. The Canadian Mineralogist: 15: 70-73.
Olivo, G.R., Gauthier, M. (1995) Palladium Minerals from the Cauê Iron Mine, Itabira District, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Mineralogical Magazine: 59: 455-463.
Internet Links for Arsenopalladinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-303.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Arsenopalladinite
ⓘ - Click for further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (eg from pseudomorphs.)
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil (TL) | |
| Canadian Mineralogist: 15: 70-73; Chem. Index of Minerals (1955) p. 23 and 339; Mineralogical Magazine(1974): 39, 528-543 |
| Canadian Mineralogist 34:547-557 | |
Canada | |
| N Farhangi,CM Lesher,and MG Houlé |
| Mcdonald, A.M., Cabri, L.J., Stanley, C.J., Good, D.J., Redpath, J., Lane, G., Spratt, J. & Ames, D.E. (2015) Coldwellite, Pd3Ag2S, a new mineral species from the Marathon deposit, Coldwell complex, Ontario, Canada. Canadian Mineralogist 53, 1-13. |
| EcoMetrix Reort for Stillwater Canada Inc, Marathon Project (2012) Table 4.1-3 |
China | |
| Huanbin Song, Mingqin He, Shangzhong Zhang, and Fenghuang Yi (2008): Chinese Journal of Geochemistry 27, 104-108. |
Finland | |
| Törnroos Ragnar, Johanson Bo, Kojonen Kari, 1998. Alluvial nuggets of platinum group minerals and alloys from Finnish Lapland. Geological survey of Finland, Special Paper | |
| Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67 |
| 33rd International Geological Congress (2008) session MPM-04 Platinum-group mineralogy: Pt-Pd selenides from river placers, northern Finland; Kari Kojonen (2012) PGE ore potential in the southwestern granulite belt of Northern Finland. Geological Survey of Finland, Report of Investigation 207 pp 64-67 |
| Econ Geol (1986) 81:1236-1241 |
| Handbook of Mineralogy | |
France | |
| Lorand, J.-P., Ducluzaux, B., & Pont, S. (2018). Une nouvelle découverte de pépites de minéraux du groupe du platine (platine, osmium, iridium) en France : les cailloutis et alluvions de la Reyssouze (Ain). Le Règne Minéral 143, 5-16. |
India | |
| Devaraju, T. C., Alapieti, T. T., & Kaukonen, R. J. (2005). SEM-EDS Study of the Platinum-Group Minerals in the PGE Mineralized Hanumalapura Segment of the Layered Mafic-Ultramafic Complex of Channagifu, Davangere District, Karnataka. Geological Society of India, 65(6), 745-752. |
Japan | |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara |
Norway | |
| Nilsson, L. P. & Larsen, R. B. (1998): Edle mineraler i mafiske og ultramafiske bergarter- en oppsummering av platina-gruppe mineraler (PGM) funnet i Norge i de senere år. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 14: 40-49 |
Russia | |
| (2014) 12th International Platinum Symposium p63 |
| Lennikov, A. M., Zalishak, B. L., & Oktyabrsky, R. A. (2004). The Konder massif of ultramafic and alkaline rocks and related PGM mineralization. In Interim IAGOD Conf. Excursion Guidebook. Vladivostok: Dalnauka (p. 29). |
| |
| 33 IGC excursion No 48, August 15 – 21, 2008 |
| Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382. | |
| Chashchin, V. V., & Petrov, S. V. (2013). Low-sulfide PGE ore in the Volchetundra gabbro-anorthosite pluton, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(5), 357-382. | |
South Africa | |
| Minerals of South Africa |
| Nikolay Rudashevsky et al (2001) Efficient Technology of Ore Minerals Investigation of PGE-Bearing Deposits – Case Study in (2001) European Union of Geosciences Conference XI (OS6) |
| Handbook of Mineralogy |
USA | |
| Canadian Mineralogist (1977): 15: 70-73.; Canadian Mineralogist Vol.24, pp. 329-346 (1986) |
| www.cannonmicroprobe.com/Mineral_Specimens.htm |
| Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240. | |
| Smith, II, R. C. and Barnes, J. H. (2011) |
Itabira, Minas Gerais, Brazil