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Crandallite

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Schneckenstein cliff (Königskrone Topaz Mine), Kielberg, Klingenthal, Vogtland, Saxony, Germany
© Harjo

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Formula:
CaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
System:TrigonalColour:Yellow, white, grey; ...
Lustre:Vitreous, DullHardness:5
Member of:Crandallite Subgroup > Alunite Supergroup
Name:For engineer, Milan L. Crandall, Jr., of Knight Syndicate, Provo, Utah, USA


Alunite Supergroup, Crandallite Subgroup.
The calcium analogue of Plumbogummite and the phosphate analogue of Arsenocrandallite.

See also the similar minerals perhamite and iangreyite.

Classification of Crandallite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.36-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BL.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.7.3.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.8.16

19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
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Type Occurrence of Crandallite

Type Locality:Brooklyn Mine, Silver City, Tintic District, East Tintic Mts, Juab Co., Utah, USA
Year of Discovery:1917
Geological Setting of type material:Cavities in a quartz-baryte aggregate
Associated Minerals at type locality:
QuartzBaryte

Physical Properties of Crandallite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Comment:Massive material grades from vitreous to dull and chalky.
Colour:Yellow, white, grey; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):5
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0001}, perfect.
Density (measured):2.78 - 2.92 g/cm3

Crystallography of Crandallite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:R3m {R3 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.00Å, c = 16.19Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.313
Unit Cell Volume:V 687.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology: Commonly massive, nodular aggregates having concentric layering with layers comprised of sub-parallel or matted fibers. May be fine-granular and grading to a dense, agate-like or chalcedonic forms; also as banded spherules with a radial-fibrous structure. Found as well-formed pseudomorphs after wavellite crystals, minyulite crystals, and other phosphates. Original crystals are rare, minute, as pseudo-cubic rhombohedrons or trigonal prisms terminated by {0001}; as rosettes of fibers elongated perpendicular to [0001]. Note: Many fibrous crandallite "crystals" are pseudomorphs.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
d-spacingIntensity
3.503 (25)
2.983 (40)
2.938 (100)
2.163 (60)
1.8946 (45)
1.7520 (35)
1.4285 (25)

Optical Data of Crandallite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.618 nε = 1.623
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.005

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Crandallite

Formula:
CaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, O, P
Common Impurities:Sr,Ba,Fe

Relationship of Crandallite to other Species

Series:Forms a series with Goyazite (see here)
Member of:Crandallite Subgroup > Alunite Supergroup
Other Members of Group:

- +
Arsenocrandallite
CaAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Arsenogorceixite
BaAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Arsenogoyazite
SrAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Dussertite
BaFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
Gorceixite
BaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Goyazite
SrAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Kintoreite
PbFe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
Philipsbornite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Plumbogummite
PbAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Segnitite
PbFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
Springcreekite
BaV
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
8.BL.05Beudantite
PbFe
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Corkite
PbFe
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Hidalgoite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Hinsdalite
PbAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Kemmlitzite
(Sr,Ce)Al
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Svanbergite
SrAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Weilerite
8.BL.05Woodhouseite
CaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.05Gallobeudantite
PbGa
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.10Arsenogoyazite
SrAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Arsenogorceixite
BaAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Arsenocrandallite
CaAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Benauite
SrFe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
,SO
 
4
)(HPO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
8.BL.10Dussertite
BaFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
8.BL.10Eylettersite
(Th,Pb)Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
,SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.10Gorceixite
BaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Goyazite
SrAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Kintoreite
PbFe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
8.BL.10Philipsbornite
PbAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Plumbogummite
PbAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
8.BL.10Segnitite
PbFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
8.BL.10Springcreekite
BaV
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
6
8.BL.13Arsenoflorencite-(La)
(La,Ce,Nd)(Al,Fe
3+
 
)
 
3
(AsO
 
4
,PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)
NdAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)
CeAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Florencite-(Ce)
CeAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Florencite-(La)
LaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Florencite-(Nd)
(Nd,La,Ce)Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Waylandite
BiAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Zaïrite
Bi(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Arsenowaylandite
BiAl
 
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13Graulichite-(Ce)
CeFe
3+
3
(AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.13IMA2009-074
(Sm,Nd)Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
8.BL.15Viitaniemiite
Na(Ca,Mn
2+
 
)Al(PO
 
4
)(F,OH)
 
3
8.BL.25Pattersonite
PbFe
3+
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
5
 · H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
19.8.1Montebrasite
LiAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
19.8.2Brazilianite
NaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
19.8.3Wardite
NaAl
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
19.8.4Tancoite
LiNa
 
2
Al(PO
 
4
)(HPO
 
4
)(OH)
19.8.5Bertossaite
(Li,Na)
 
2
(Ca,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH,F)
 
4
19.8.6Tinsleyite
KAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 2H
 
2
O
19.8.7Taranakite
(K,NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(PO
 
4
)
 
3
(OH) · 9H
 
2
O
19.8.8Francoanellite
K
 
3
Al
 
5
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(HPO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.8.9Gordonite
MgAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.8.10Aldermanite
Mg
 
5
Al
 
12
(PO
 
4
)
 
8
(OH)
 
22
 · 32H
 
2
O
19.8.11Overite
CaMgAl(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
19.8.12Montgomeryite
Ca
 
4
MgAl
 
4
(PO
 
4
)
 
6
(OH)
 
4
 · 12H
 
2
O
19.8.14Foggite
CaAl(PO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.8.15Gatumbaite
CaAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · H
 
2
O
19.8.17Matulaite
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)Al
 
7
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(PO
 
3
OH)
 
2
(OH)
 
8
(H
 
2
O)
 
8
 · 8H
 
2
O
19.8.19Lehiite
19.8.20Millisite
(Na,K)CaAl
 
6
(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
9
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.8.21Englishite
K
 
3
Na
 
2
Ca
 
10
Al
 
15
(PO
 
4
)
 
21
(OH)
 
7
 · 26H
 
2
O
19.8.22Kleemanite
ZnAl
 
2
(PO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
 · 3H
 
2
O
19.8.23Mantienneite
KMg
 
2
Al
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O
19.8.24Paulkerrite
K(Mg,Mn
2+
 
)
 
2
(Fe
3+
 
,Al,Ti,Mg)
 
2
Ti(PO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
3
 · 15H
 
2
O

Other Names for Crandallite

Synonyms:
Calcio-wavelliteLehiiteLime-wavellitePseudowavellite
Other Languages:
German:Crandallit
Kalkwavellit
Russian:Крандаллит
Simplified Chinese:纤磷钙铝石
Spanish:Crandallita
Varieties:
Strontian Crandallite

Other Information

Fluorescence in UV light:Not fluorescent
Other Information:Soluble with difficulty in acids.

May be pseudomorphic after Gordonite.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Crandallite

Reference List:

- +
Kosmann (1869) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 21: 799 (as Kalkwavellit).

Loughlin and Schaller (1917) American Journal of Science: 43: 69.

Laubmann (1922) Berichte deutsche chemische Gesellschaft: 55B: 3016 (as Pseudowavellite).

Laubmann (1922) Geognost. Jahrehefte, München: 35: 203.

Larsen and Shannon (1930a) American Mineralogist: 15: 303.

Larsen and Shannon (1930b) American Mineralogist: 15: 307.

Larsen (1942) American Mineralogist: 27: 288.

Gordon (1944) Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Philadelphia: 96: 336.

Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 835.

American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 41-47.

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