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Crandallite

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Mont-des-Groseillers, Blaton, Mons, Hainaut (Henegouwen; Hennegau) Province, Belgium
© JDehove

Show Crandallite Photos (26)
Formula:
CaAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · H
 
2
O
System:TrigonalColour:Yellow, white, grey; ...
Lustre:Vitreous, DullHardness:5
Name:For engineer, Milan L. Crandall, Jr., of Knight Syndicate, Provo, Utah, USA


Crandallite Subgroup, Alunite Group. The calcium analogue of Plumbogummite and the phosphate analogue of Arsenocrandallite.

Classification of Crandallite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:7/B.36-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:8.BL.10

8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
L : With medium-sized and large cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 = 3:1
Dana 8th edition ID:42.7.3.1

42 : HYDRATED PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
7 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:19.8.16

19 : Phosphates
8 : Phosphates of Al and other metals
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Type Occurrence of Crandallite

Type Locality:Brooklyn Mine, Silver City, Tintic District, East Tintic Mts, Juab Co., Utah, USA
Year of Discovery:1917
Geological Setting of type material:Cavities in a quartz-baryte aggregate
Associated Minerals at type locality:
QuartzBaryte

Physical Properties of Crandallite

Lustre:Vitreous, Dull
Comment:Massive material grades from vitreous to dull and chalky.
Colour:Yellow, white, grey; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):5
Cleavage:Perfect
On {0001}, perfect.
Density (measured):2.78 - 2.92 g/cm3

Crystallography of Crandallite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Cell Parameters:a = 7Å, c = 16.19Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.313
Unit Cell Volume:V 687.03 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crystals rare, minute, as trigonal prisms terminated by {0001}; as rosettes of fibers elongated perpendicular to [0001]. Commonly massive, nodular aggregates having concentric layering with layers comprised of sub-parallel or matted fibers. May be fine-granular and grading to a dense, agate-like or chalcedonic forms; also as banded spherules with a radial-fibrous structure.

Optical Data of Crandallite

Type:Uniaxial (+)
RI values: nω = 1.618 nε = 1.623
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.005

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate

Chemical Properties of Crandallite

Formula:
CaAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
5
|(PO
 
4
)
 
2
] · H
 
2
O
Essential elements:Al, Ca, H, O, P
All elements listed in formula:Al, Ca, H, O, P
Common Impurities:Sr,Ba,Fe

Relationship of Crandallite to other Species

Related to:
  • Crandallite Subgroup
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - +
    8.BL.05Beudantite
    PbFe
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Corkite
    PbFe
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Hidalgoite
    PbAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Hinsdalite
    PbAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Kemmlitzite
    (Sr,Ce)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Orpheite
    PbAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] (?)
    8.BL.05Schlossmacherite
    (H
     
    3
    		O,Ca)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		,AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.05Svanbergite
    SrAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Weilerite
    8.BL.05Woodhouseite
    CaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.05Gallobeudantite
    PbGa
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|SO
     
    4
    		|AsO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.10Arsenogoyazite
    SrAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Arsenoflorencite-(La)
    LaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Arsenoflorencite-(Nd)
    NdAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Arsenogorceixite
    BaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Arsenocrandallite
    (Ca,Sr)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Arsenoflorencite-(Ce)
    CeAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Benauite
    SrFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(HPO
     
    4
    		,PO
     
    4
    		)|(PO
     
    4
    		,SO
     
    4
    		)]
    8.BL.10Dussertite
    BaFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Eylettersite
    (Th,Pb)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		,SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] ?
    8.BL.10Florencite-(Ce)
    CeAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Florencite-(La)
    LaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Florencite-(Nd)
    NdAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Gorceixite
    BaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Goyazite
    SrAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Kintoreite
    PbFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH,H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Philipsbornite
    PbAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Plumbogummite
    PbAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    8.BL.10Segnitite
    PbFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH,H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    6
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Waylandite
    (Bi,Ca)Al
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		,SiO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Zaïrite
    Bi(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al)
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Arsenowaylandite
    BiAl
     
    3
    		(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    6
    8.BL.10Springcreekite
    BaV
    3+
    3
    		[(OH,H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    6
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.10Graulichite-(Ce)
    CeFe
    3+
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    6
    		|(AsO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		]
    8.BL.15Viitaniemiite
    Na(Ca,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al[(F,OH)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    8.BL.25Pattersonite
    PbFe
    3+
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		(OH)
     
    4
    		{(H
     
    2
    		O)
     
    0.5
    		(OH)
     
    0.5
    		}
     
    2
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - +
    19.8.1Montebrasite
    LiAl[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.8.2Brazilianite
    NaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    19.8.3Wardite
    NaAl
     
    3
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.4Tancoite
    LiNa
     
    2
    		Al[OH|HPO
     
    4
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
    19.8.5Bertossaite
    (Li,Na)
     
    2
    		(Ca,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    4
    		[(OH,F)|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    4
    19.8.6Tinsleyite
    KAl
     
    2
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.7Taranakite
    (K,NH
     
    4
    		)Al
     
    3
    		(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		OH·9H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.8Francoanellite
    K
     
    3
    		Al
     
    5
    		[(HPO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.9Gordonite
    MgAl
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 8H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.10Aldermanite
    Mg
     
    5
    		Al
     
    12
    		[(OH)
     
    11
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 32H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.11Overite
    CaMgAl[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		] · 4H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.12Montgomeryite
    Ca
     
    4
    		MgAl
     
    4
    		[(OH)
     
    2
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 12H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.14Foggite
    CaAl[(OH)
     
    2
    		|PO
     
    4
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.15Gatumbaite
    CaAl
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.17Matulaite
    CaAl
     
    18
    		[(OH)
     
    5
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    4
    		 · 28H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.19Lehiite
    19.8.20Millisite
    (Na,K)CaAl
     
    6
    		[(OH)
     
    9
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		] · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.21Englishite
    K
     
    3
    		Na
     
    2
    		Ca
     
    10
    		Al
     
    15
    		[OH|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		]
     
    7
    		 · 26H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.22Kleemanite
    ZnAl
     
    2
    		[OH|PO
     
    4
    		]
     
    2
    		 · 3H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.23Mantienneite
    KMg
     
    2
    		Al
     
    2
    		Ti[(OH)
     
    3
    		|(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		] · 15H
     
    2
    		O
    19.8.24Paulkerrite
    K(Mg,Mn
    2+
     
    		)
     
    2
    		(Fe
    3+
     
    		,Al,Ti,Mg)
     
    2
    		Ti(PO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		(OH)
     
    3
    		 · 15H
     
    2
    		O

    Other Names for Crandallite

    Synonyms:
    Calcio-wavelliteLehiiteLime-wavellitePseudowavellite
    Other Languages:
    German:Crandallit
    Kalkwavellit
    Russian:Крандаллит
    Spanish:Crandallita
    Varieties:
    Strontian Crandallite

    Other Information

    Other Information:Soluble with difficulty in acids.

    May be pseudomorphic after Gordonite.
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

    References for Crandallite

    Reference List:Kosmann (1869) Zeitschrift der Deutsche geologische Gesellschaft, Berlin: 21: 799 (as Kalkwavellit).

    Loughlin and Schaller (1917) American Journal of Science: 43: 69.

    Laubmann (1922) Berichte deutsche chemische Gesellschaft: 55B: 3016 (as Pseudowavellite).

    Laubmann (1922) Geognost. Jahrehefte, München: 35: 203.

    Larsen and Shannon (1930a) American Mineralogist: 15: 303.

    Larsen and Shannon (1930b) American Mineralogist: 15: 307.

    Larsen (1942) American Mineralogist: 27: 288.

    Gordon (1944) Proceedings of the Academy of Science, Philadelphia: 96: 336.

    Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 835.

    American Mineralogist (1974): 59: 41-47.

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    Localities for Crandallite

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