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Thorianite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Thorianite (127)

Thorianite Gallery Search Photos of Thorianite

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Thorianite

Amboasary Sud District, Anosy, Madagascar

Thorianite

Yates Mine, Otter Lake, Pontiac RCM, Outaouais, Québec, Canada

Thorianite, etc.

San Vito Quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Mount Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Thorianite

Amboasary Sud District, Anosy, Madagascar

Thorianite

Yates Mine, Otter Lake, Pontiac RCM, Outaouais, Québec, Canada

Thorianite, etc.

San Vito Quarry, San Vito, Ercolano, Mount Somma, Somma-Vesuvius Complex, Naples, Campania, Italy

Thorianite

Amboasary Sud District, Anosy, Madagascar

Thorianite

Yates Mine, Otter Lake, Pontiac RCM, Outaouais, Québec, Canada

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About ThorianiteHide

Formula:

ThO₂

Colour:

Black, brownish black, dark gray, dark reddish brown

Lustre:

Resinous, Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

6½ - 7

Specific Gravity:

9.7 - 9.8

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Uraninite Group

Name:

The name reflects its thorium content.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Balangoda, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka

Uraninite Group. Thorianite-Uraninite Series.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3944

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3944:0

GUID
(UUID V4):

b26e758a-a55e-44ab-ae6f-2116c06d7bf9

Classification of ThorianiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Type description reference:

Dunstan W (1904) The occurrence of thorium in Ceylon. Nature 69, 510-511

Strunz-mindat (2023):

4.DL.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
L : With large (+- medium-sized) cations; fluorite-type structures

Dana 8th ed.:

5.1.1.2

5 : OXIDES CONTAINING URANIUM OR THORIUM
1 : AXO₂·xH₂O

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.10.10

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
10 : Oxides of Zr and Th

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Tho	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Tho	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of ThorianiteHide

Lustre:

Resinous, Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Black, brownish black, dark gray, dark reddish brown

Comment:

may have a bronzy tarnish

Streak:

Grey, grey-green to black

Hardness:

6½ - 7 on Mohs scale

Hardness:

VHN₁₀₀=1132 - 1278 kg/mm² - Vickers

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Poor/Indistinct
{001} poor.

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal

Density:

9.7 - 9.8 g/cm³ (Measured) 9.991 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of ThorianiteHide

Anisotropism:

may show weak anomalous anisotropism

Colour in reflected light:

gray

Internal Reflections:

red-brown

Chemical Properties of ThorianiteHide

Formula:

ThO₂

Elements listed:

O, Th - search for minerals with similar chemistry

CAS Registry number:

1314-20-1

CAS Registry numbers are published by the American Chemical Society

Common Impurities:

U,Ce,La,Pb,TR

Crystallography of ThorianiteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

Fm3m

Cell Parameters:

a = 5.595 Å

Unit Cell V:

175.15 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Cubic crystals, usually rounded to some degree (water worn).

Twinning:

Penetration twins on {111} very common.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0011725	Thorianite	Wyckoff R W G (1963) Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York Fluorite structure Crystal Structures 1 239-444		1963		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

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_chemical_name_mineral 'Thorianite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Wyckoff R W G'
_journal_name_full 'Crystal Structures'
_journal_volume 1 
_journal_year 1963
_journal_page_first 239
_journal_page_last 444
_publ_section_title
;
 Second edition. Interscience Publishers, New York, New York
 Fluorite structure
;
_database_code_amcsd 0011725
_chemical_formula_sum 'Th O2'
_cell_length_a 5.5997
_cell_length_b 5.5997
_cell_length_c 5.5997
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 175.588
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      9.988
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Th   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000
O   0.25000   0.25000   0.25000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.234 Å	(100)
1.689 Å	(64)
1.980 Å	(58)
2.800 Å	(35)
1.284 Å	(26)
1.1432 Å	(20)
1.0779 Å	(19)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
26 : Hadean detrital minerals
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks	>3.0
34 : Complex granite pegmatites
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of ThorianiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Balangoda, Ratnapura District, Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka

Geological Setting of Type Material:

accessory mineral in granite pegmatites

Reference:

Dunstan W (1904) The occurrence of thorium in Ceylon. Nature 69, 510-511

Synonyms of ThorianiteHide

α-Thorianite

β-Thorianite

γ-Thorianite

Uraninite (of Coomaraswamy)

Other Language Names for ThorianiteHide

German:Thorianit

Russian:Торианит

Simplified Chinese:方钍石

Spanish:Torianita

Varieties of ThorianiteHide

Aldanite	A Pb-bearing variety of Thorianite with up to 12 wt.% PbO. Originally reported from Aldan Shield, Saha Republic (Sakha Republic; Yakutia), Eastern-Siberian Region, Russia.
Cerian Thorianite	A thorianite containing cerium.
Uranothorianite	A name for a mineral intermediate between uraninite and thorianite, i.e. a member of the Thorianite-Uraninite Series.

Relationship of Thorianite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Uraninite Group

Other Members of this group:

Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
Uraninite	UO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Forms a series with:

Uraninite

Thorianite-Uraninite Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

12 photos of Thorianite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
5 photos of Thorianite associated with Guarinite	(Na, Ca, Zr, Si, F, O)
5 photos of Thorianite associated with Diopside	CaMgSi₂O₆
4 photos of Thorianite associated with Phlogopite	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂
3 photos of Thorianite associated with Fluorapatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F
3 photos of Thorianite associated with Tremolite	◻Ca₂Mg₅(Si₈O₂₂)(OH)₂
2 photos of Thorianite associated with Pyroxene Group	ADSi₂O₆
2 photos of Thorianite associated with Baddeleyite	ZrO₂
2 photos of Thorianite associated with Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃
2 photos of Thorianite associated with Biotite	K(Fe²⁺/Mg)₂(Al/Fe³⁺/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]₂Si₂O₁₀)(OH/F)₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.DL.05	Cerianite-(Ce)	(Ce⁴⁺,Th)O₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.DL.05	Uraninite	UO₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
4.DL.05	Zirkelite	(Ti,Ca,Zr)O_2-x	Iso.
4.DL.05	Aeschynite Group	AD₂O₆
4.DL.10	Calzirtite	Ca₂Zr₅Ti₂O₁₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.DL.10	Tazheranite	(Zr,Ti,Ca)(O,◻)₂	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
4.DL.10	Hiärneite	Ca₂Zr₄Mn³⁺SbTiO₁₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I4₁/acd
4.DL.15	Vorlanite	Ca(U⁶⁺)O₄	Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m

Other InformationHide

Magnetism:

Diamagnetic

Notes:

radioactive

Health Risks:

Contains thorium - always wash hands after handling. Avoid inhaling dust when handling or breaking. Never lick or ingest. Avoid prolonged exposure in proximity of the body. Store away from inhabited areas.

External Links

Search for toxicity information at the United States National Library of Medicine

Internet Links for ThorianiteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3944.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Search Engines:

Look for Thorianite on Google

Look for Thorianite images on Google

External Links:

Look for Thorianite on Webmineral

Look for Thorianite on Wikipedia

Look for Thorianite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for ThorianiteHide

Reference List:

Coomaraswamy (1904) Spolia Ceylon.

Dunstan (1904) The occurrence of thorium in Ceylon. Nature: 69: 510-511, 533, 559.

Dunstan W (1904) The occurrence of thorium in Ceylon. Nature 69, 510-511

Dunstan W.R., Blake G.S. (1905) Thorianite, a New Mineral from Ceylon. Proc. Roy. Soc. ser. A, LXXVI: 253-265.

Dunstan W.R., Blake G.S. (1905) Chem. News: 13-15,26-28.

Coomaraswamy (1906) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: I: 165.

Dunstan and Jones (1906), Royal Society of London, Proceedings: 77: 385.

Ogawa (1912) Tohku Im. Univ., Sc. Rep.: 1: 201.

Ogawa (1913) Jahrbuch für Mineralogie: II: 12.

Goldschmidt, Thomassen (1923) Vidensk. Selskr., Oslo, Math.-Nat. Kl., No. 2.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.620-622

US National Bureau of Standards, Circular (1953): 539(1): 57.

rruff.info (1973) https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/reference_search.php?ref_search_id=ptwcpCyCYvvgtTrDyuZtnDDTC#:~:text=Keramidas%20V%20G%2C%20White%20W%20B%20(1973)%20Raman%20spectra%20of%20oxides%20with%20the%20fluorite%20structure.%20The%20Journal%20of%20Chemical%20Physics%2059%2C%201561%2D1562

Bulakh, A.G., Mazalou, A.A. (1974) Accessory thorianite from the massifs of alkaline rocks and carbonatites of the Turja Peninsula (Kola Peninsula). American Mineralogist: 59: 378.

Teterin Y A, Utkin I O, Melnikov I V, Lebedev A M, Teterin A Y, Ivanov K E, Nikitin A S, Vukchevich L (2000) X-ray photoelectron study of thorium silicate ThSiO4·nH2O and uranium silicate USiO4·nH2O. Journal of Structural Chemistry 41, 965-971

Giebel R J, Gauert C D K, Marks M A W, Costin G, Markl G (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist 102, 1218-1233

Chidester B A, Pardo O S, Fischer R A, Thompson E C, Heinz D L, Prescher C, Prakapenka V B, Campbell A J (2018) High-pressure phase behavior and equations of state of ThO2 polymorphs. American Mineralogist 103, 749-756.

Localities for ThorianiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Angola
Huíla Province Quilengues ⓘ Mount Bonga	Amores-Casals, S., Melgarejo, J. C., Bambi, A., Gonçalves, A. O., Morais, E. A., Manuel, J., ... & Molist, J. M. (2019). Lamprophyre-Carbonatite Magma Mingling and Subsolidus Processes as Key Controls on Critical Element Concentration in Carbonatites—The Bonga Complex (Angola). Minerals, 9(10), 601.

Argentina
Catamarca Province Sierra de Ancasti El Portezuelo ⓘ El Portezuelo Granite	Colombo, F., Lira, R., Simmons, W., & Falster, A. (2011). The NYF-type miarolitic-rare earth elements pegmatites of the El Portezuelo granite, Papachacra (Catamarca, NW Argentina). Asoc. Geol. Arg., Serie D, Publicación Especial, 14, 57-59.
La Rioja Province Sanagasta department ⓘ La Chinchilla granite	Bardelli, F. M., Parra, F. J., & Lira, R. (2018). Minerales accesorios y procesos de alteración del granito La Chinchilla, sierra de Velasco, La Rioja: aspectos mineralógicos y geoquímicos en su relación con mineralización uranífera. Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina, 75(1), 134-151.

Australia
Northern Territory Central Desert Region Harts Range (Harts Ranges; Hartz Range; Hartz Ranges) Ambalindum Station Harding Springs ⓘ Yambla Prospect	Drake-Brockman, J. (1995) Harts Range Project Annual Report 1994, Vol. 1, PNC Exploration (Australia) Pty Ltd. (CR 95/298A).
Nolans Bore ⓘ Nolans Bore prospect	Louise Schoneveld, Carl Spandler & Kelvin Hussey (2014) Genesis of the Central Zone of the Nolans Bore Rare Earth Element Deposit, Northern Territory. in Geological Society of Australia, 2014 Australian Earth Sciences Convention (AESC), Sustainable Australia. Abstract No 110 of the 22nd Australian Geological Convention Schoneveld, L., Spandler, C., & Hussey, K. (2015). Genesis of the central zone of the Nolans Bore rare earth element deposit, Northern Territory, Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 170(2), 1-22. Anenburg, M., Burnham, A. D., & Mavrogenes, J. A. (2018). Ree redistribution textures in altered fluorapatite: symplectites, veins, and phosphate-silicate-carbonate assemblages from the Nolans Bore P-REE-Th deposit, Northern Territory, Australia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 56(3), 331-354.
Coomalie Shire Batchelor Rum Jungle ⓘ Brown's Prospect	Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney.
South Australia Roxby Downs ⓘ Olympic Dam Mine	Ehrig, K., McPhie, J., Kamenetsky, V. (2012) Geology and mineralogical zonation of the Olympic Dam iron oxide Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. Economic Geology Special Publication 16, pg. 237-267.
Tasmania Waratah-Wynyard municipality Waratah district Waratah ⓘ Mount Bischoff Mine	Bottrill, unpub. *Bottrill, Ralph S. (2018) A mineralogical field guide to Tasmania for the IMA Conference 2018. Tasmanian Geological Survey Record UR2018/02.*
Victoria Towong Shire Mitta Mitta ⓘ Mitta Mitta River
Western Australia Halls Creek Shire ⓘ Cummins Range complex (Minneroo Pool)	Sun, S. S., Jaques, A. L., & McCulloch, M. T. (1986, September). Isotopic evolution of the Kimberley block, Western Australia. In International Kimberlite Conference: Extended Abstracts (Vol. 4, pp. 346-348). Andrew, R. L. (1990). Cummins range carbonatite. In Geology of the Mineral Deposits of Australia and Papua New Guinea (Vol. 14, pp. 711-713). Melbourne: Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139

Austria
Lower Austria Krems-Land District Gföhl Felling ⓘ Latzenhof	Kolitsch, U. (2017): 2040) Diaspor, Keiviit-(Y), Margarit, Monazit-(Ce), Xenotim-(Y), Zirkon und weitere Mineralien in einer Korund-Almandin-Probe vom Latzenhof bei Felling im Waldviertel, Niederösterreich. Pp. 259-261 in Walter, F. et al. (2017): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVI. Carinthia II, 207./127., 217-284.
Zwettl District Kottes-Purk Bernhards ⓘ Schmoll quarry	Kolitsch, U. et al. (2011) Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Löffler, E. & Pristacz, H., jun. (2011): 1698) Apatit, Baryt, Galenit, Sphalerit, Thorianit und Thorit vom Steinbruch Schmoll bei Bernhards, Waldviertel. Pp. 163-165 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186.

Belgium
Wallonia Namur Havelange ⓘ Havelange borehole	Jedwab, J. (1985) Présence de thorianite et de cobaltite dans une roche du sondage de Havelange. Miscellanea Geologica, VII/2, 3. Bernard, A., Jedwab, J. (1987) La cobaltite des niveaux profonds du sondage de Havelange. Bulletin de la Société belge de Géologie, 96(2), 145. *Hatert, F., Deliens, M., Fransolet, A.-M., Van Der Meersche, E. (2002) Les minéraux de Belgique* (2nd ed.) Muséum des Sciences Naturelles, Bruxelles.**

Bolivia
Oruro Poopó Province ⓘ Poopó	Torres, B., Melgarejo, J. C., Torró, L., Camprubí, A., Castillo-Oliver, M., Artiaga, D., ... & Arce-Burgoa, O. R. (2019). The Poopó Polymetallic Epithermal Deposit, Bolivia: Mineralogy, Genetic Constraints, and Distribution of Critical Elements. Minerals, 9(8), 472.

Botswana
North-West District Ngamiland West District ⓘ Tsodilo Hills	Melgarejo, J. C., Abat, L. T., Tárrega, E. A., & Crego, M. C. (2011) Sulfide Deposits Associated with Cl Metasomatism along Thrusts in Black Shales, Tsodilo, Botswana. Revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía pp 129-130

Brazil
Goiás Santa Terezinha de Goiás district Santa Terezinha de Goiás ⓘ Cedrolina chromitite body	Portella, Y.M. Zaccarini, F. Yuri de Melo Portella, Federica Zaccarini, George L. Luvizotto, Giorgio Garuti, Ronald J. Bakker, Nelson Angeli and Oskar Thalhammer (2016): The Cedrolina Chromitite, Goiás State, Brazil: A Metamorphic Puzzle. Minerals 6(3), 91. Etiope, G. (2019) First Detection of Methane within Chromitites of an Archean-Paleoproterozoic Greenstone Belt in Brazil. Minerals 9, 256.
Minas Gerais Poços de Caldas alkaline complex Poços de Caldas ⓘ Morro do Ferro	Baretto & Fujimori (1986)
Pará Canaã dos Carajás Sossego Mine ⓘ Curral orebody	Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
ⓘ Sequeirinho Pit	Monteiro, L.V.S., Xavier, R.P., de Carvalho, E.R., Hitzman, M.W., Johnson, C.A., de Souza Filho, C.R., and Torresi, I. (2008): Mineralium Deposita 43, 129-159.
Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Grainger, C.J., Groves, D.I., Tallarico, F.H.B., and Fletcher, I.R. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 451-489.

Canada
British Columbia Kamloops Mining Division ⓘ Fraser River (Lytton Bar) placer occurrence	R. M. Thompson (1954) Mineral occurrences in Western Canada. American Mineralogist 39:525-528
Omineca Mining Division Williston Lake ⓘ Aley Deposit (Aley Creek Carbonatite Complex)	Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139 Chakhmouradian, A. R., Reguir, E. P., Kressall, R. D., Crozier, J., Pisiak, L. K., Sidhu, R., & Yang, P. (2015). Carbonatite-hosted niobium deposit at Aley, northern British Columbia (Canada): Mineralogy, geochemistry and petrogenesis. Ore Geology Reviews, 64, 642-666.
Nunavut Qikiqtaaluk Region Baffin Island Kimmirut (Lake Harbour) ⓘ Beluga sapphire property	www.gia.edu (2006) http://www.gia.edu/gemsandgemology/18578/22211/2278/back_issue_article_detail.cfm
Ontario ⓘ Bancroft area	162-165. Grice, Joel D. (1989) Bancroft: the Mineral Capital of Canada. In: Famous mineral localities of Canada. Published by Fitzhenry & Whiteside Limited & the National Museum of Natural Sciences, 190 pages, 92-99
Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex	SAGE, R.P. (1981) Geology of the Martison carbonatite complex. Ontario Geological Survey Open File Report 5420, 99p.
Haliburton County Highlands East Township Cardiff Township ⓘ Schickler fluorite occurrence	Mounce, S., Emproto, C., Murchland, M., Rutherford, M., Rakovan, J. (2020) Melt and Micromineral Inclusions in Fluorapatite, Calcite, Fluorite, Albite, and Augite from The Schickler Occurrence, ON, Canada. 47th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 23-26, 2020. Online.
Monmouth Township ⓘ Canadian All Metals Mine	Geological survey of canada misc report 39 geological survey of canada economic geology report 29
ⓘ Desmont Mine (Homer Yellowknife prospect)	GSC misc report 39 Christopher Fouts (1999) Report of Assessment Work Physical Assessment Geotechnical Assessment Mining claim: S.O. 1195060 SI/3, lot 31, con. XVII, Monmouth Township, Haliburton County
ⓘ Millar's Mine	Ref.: Geological Survey of Canada Miscellaneous Report 39.
ⓘ Hastings County	Can Mineral December 1960 v. 6 no. 4 p. 513-521
Hastings Highlands Municipality Monteagle Township ⓘ Normingo deposit	Can Mineral December 1960 v. 6 no. 4 p. 513-521
Kawartha Lakes ⓘ Norland area (Shadow Lake area)	Ontario Mineral Deposits Inventory (MDI)
Somerville Township ⓘ Lundberg occurrence	Ontario Ministry of Northern Development and Mines 2015, Mineral Deposits Inventory MDI Number: MDI31D10NW00039
Parry Sound District Henvey Township ⓘ Britt Station occurrence	Rose, E.R. (1960) Rare Earths of the Grenville Sub-Province, Ontario and Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada Paper 59-10
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Témiscamingue RCM Les Lacs-du-Témiscamingue ⓘ Kipawa alkaline complex	GSC database
Outaouais Pontiac RCM Otter Lake ⓘ Huddersfield Uranium mine	A specimen in the Royal Ontario Museum #M80843 [Rock Currier 2010]
ⓘ Yates Mine	Hull to Waltham, Quebec. Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 70-50, 140 pgs. Sabina, A.P. (1971) Rocks and minerals for the collector Ottawa to North Bay, Ontario Lafontaine, M.A.G. (1979) Uranium-Thorium Deposit at the Yates Mine, Huddersfield Township, Quebec. Master of Science thesis, University of Ottawa.
Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean Le Fjord-du-Saguenay RCM Saint-Honoré ⓘ Saint-Honoré carbonatite complex	Néron, Alexandre, Léo Paul Bédard, and Damien Gaboury. (2018) "The Saint-Honoré Carbonatite REE Zone, Québec, Canada: Combined Magmatic and Hydrothermal Processes" Minerals 8, no. 9: 397. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8090397

China
Fujian Sanming Mingxi County ⓘ Yangfang complex	Qiang Wang, Zhenhua Zhao, Ping Jian, Zhiwei Bao, Xiaolin Xiong and Jinlong Ma (2003): Chinese Science Bulletin 48(20), 2241-2247
Gansu Jinchang Jinchuan District Longshoushan Uranium ore zone ⓘ Jiling U deposit	Ruyi Zhao, Yunjie Chen, Bin Wu, and Gang Wang (2013): Geology and Exploration 49(1), 67-74
ⓘ Hebei	Zhang Peishan, Yang Zhuming, Tao Kejie, and Yang Xueming (1996): "Mineralogy and Geology of Rare Earths in China", Science Press (Beijing), 226 pp.
Inner Mongolia Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture) Bayan Obo mining district Bayan Obo ⓘ Bayan Obo deposit	Qingchang Meng (1981): Geology and Prospecting 17(3), 10-17
ⓘ East Mine	Miyawaki R, Shimazaki H, Shigeoka M, Yokoyama K, Matsubara S, Yurimoto H (2011) Yangzhumingite, KMg2.5Si4O10F2, a new mineral in the mica group from Bayan Obo, Inner Mongolia, China. European Journal of Mineralogy 23, 467-473
Jiangxi Fuzhou Chongren Co. Xiangshan Uranium ore field ⓘ Hengjian U deposit (U deposit No. 611; Fuzhou Mine)	Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211
ⓘ Julong'an U-Th deposit	Yanning Meng and Honghai Fan (2013): Geological Journal of China Universities 19(1), 148-158
Le'an Co. Xiangshan Uranium ore field Zoujiashan ore district ⓘ U deposit No. 6122	Rengui Wu and Dagan Yu (2000): Uranium Geology 16(4), 204-211
ⓘ Zoujiashan U deposit (U deposit No. 612)	Dahlkamp, F.J., Ed. (2009): Uranium Deposits of the World. Springer (Berlin, Heidelberg), pp. 31-156 Baoqun Hu, Guxian Lü, Zhanxue Sun, Mangen Li, Weijun Shi, Xueli Li, Yun Wang, and Lihong Bai (2011): Geotectonica et Metallogenia 35(4), 502-512
Liaoning Dandong Kuandian County Saima complex ⓘ Saima U-REE deposit	[var: Aldanite] Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189
Shandong Jining Weishan County ⓘ Weishan Mine (Chisan Mine; Chishan alkaline complex; Xishan Mine; Deposit No. 101)	Ding, C., Zhao, B., Dai, P., Li, D., Zhang, Z., Sun, R., ... & Li, D. (2022). Geochronology, geochemistry and Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopes of the alkaline–carbonatite complex in the Weishan REE deposit, Luxi Block: Constraints on the genesis and tectonic setting of the REE mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 147, 104996.
Yunnan Honghe Jianshui County Puxiong ⓘ Protolithionite outcrops	Ziying Gao, Boxi Lu, Jianzhong Duan, and Changyun Pan (1991): Acta Petrologica Sinica 7(4), 91-94

Czech Republic
South Bohemian Region Český Krumlov District Zlatá Koruna Plešovice ⓘ Plešovice quarry	Naemura, Kosuke Yokoyama, Katsumi Hirajima, Takao Naemura, Kosuke Shimizu, Ichiko Svojtka, Martin Svojtka, Martin (2008): Age determination of thorianite in phlogopite-bearing spinel-garnet peridotite in the Gfohl Unit, Moldanubian Zone of the Bohemian Massif. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 103(4), 285-290. Hirajima, Takao (2015): Accessory priderite and burbankite in multiphase solid inclusions in the orogenic garnet peridotite from the Bohemian Massif, Czech Republic. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 110(1), 20-28.
Vysočina Region Třebíč District ⓘ Naloučany	Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)
Pyšel ⓘ Vaneč	Pauliš P., Kopecký S., Černý P. 2007: Uranové minerály České Republiky a jejich naleziště. 1. část. (Kutna Hora, issue 1)]

DR Congo
North Kivu ⓘ Lubero Territory	Jedwab, J., Cervelle, B., Gouet, G., Hubaut, X., & Piret, P. (1992). The new platinum selenide luberoite Pt5Se4 from the Lubero region (Kivu Province, Zaire). European journal of mineralogy, 4(4), 683-692.

Egypt
Red Sea Governorate ⓘ Gabal Qash Amir muscovite granite	Emad, Bahaa M., M. I. Sayyed, Hamoud H. Somaily, and Mohamed Y. Hanfi. (2022) "Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Hazard Effects from Granite Rocks in the Gabal Qash Amir Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt" Minerals 12, no. 7: 884. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12070884
Marsa Alam ⓘ Abu Dabbab Ta-Sn deposit	Küster, D. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 68-86.
Northeastern Desert ⓘ Dara-Um Swassi	Shalaby, M., Osman, A., Ali, M., Ahamed, F., & Ali, B. (2002). Radioactive Mineralization in Pegmatites, of Dara-Um Swassi, Area North Eastern Desert, Egypt. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Earth Sciences, 50(1), 51-66.
ⓘ Sikait-Zabara region	Ibrahim, M. A. (2014). Uranium and REEs resources in South Eastern desert of Egypt (No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739).
ⓘ Um Naggat	Gaafar, Ibrahim, Mona Elbarbary, M. I. Sayyed, Abdelmoneim Sulieman, Nissren Tamam, Mayeen U. Khandaker, David A. Bradley, and Mohamed. Y. Hanfi. 2022. "Assessment of Radioactive Materials in Albite Granites from Abu Rusheid and Um Naggat, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt" Minerals 12, no. 2: 120. https://doi.org/10.3390/min12020120
ⓘ Um Solimate	Ali, M. A., Abdel Gawad, A. E., & Ghoneim, M. M. (2021). Geology and Mineral Chemistry of Uranium‐and Thorium‐bearing Minerals in Rare‐Metal (NYF) Pegmatites of Um Solimate, South Eastern Desert, Egypt. Acta Geologica Sinica‐English Edition, 95(5), 1568-1582.

Finland
Lapland Enontekiö ⓘ Miessijoki River	Kojonen, K. K., Tarkian, M., Roberts, A. C., Törnroos, R., & Heidrich, S. (2007). Miessiite, Pd11Te2Se2, a new mineral species from Miessijoki, Finnish Lapland, Finland. The Canadian Mineralogist, 45(5), 1221-1227. Kari K. Kojonen, Andrew M. McDonald, Chris J. Stanley, and Bo Johanson (2011) Törnroosite, Pd11As2Te2, A New Mineral Species Related to Isomertieite from Miessijoki, Finnish Lapland, Finland. Can Mineral 49:1643-1651
ⓘ Rapeli-Kangas claim	Tuisku, Pekka 2010. Heavy minerals from gold sluicing in Lapland Gold Rush area and their bearing on the origin of gold bearing tills. Res Terrae, Ser A, N:o 31. Proceedings of the Nordic Mineralogical Network V annual Meeting.
Pirkanmaa Orivesi Eräjärvi area ⓘ Viitaniemi pegmatite	Sandström, F. & Lahti, S.I. (2009): Viitaniemipegmatiten i Eräjärvi, Orivesi, Finland. Litiofilen 26 (1): 11-38
Southwest Finland Kimitoön (Kemiönsaari) ⓘ Lemn‪äs	Ilkka Mikkola collection
Uusimaa Lohja Palmottu Lake ⓘ Palmottu U deposit	Pérez del Villar, L. et al. 1997.. Structural, lithological and mineralogical analyses of Borehole R-385 (386) from the Palmottu site. Geologian Tutkimuskeskus arkistoraportti 50/97/05.

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Passau District Hauzenberg Kropfmühl ⓘ Kropfmühl Mine	https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/DerBayerischeWald_9_1_0031-0032.pdf
Rhineland-Palatinate Mayen-Koblenz Mendig Mendig ⓘ In den Dellen quarries	Blass, G. Graf, H.W., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 4/5, 41, 1993
ⓘ Thelenberg	Blass, G. Graf, H.W., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 4/5, 41, 1993
Wingertsberg ⓘ Pumice quarries	Blass, G. Graf, H.W., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 4/5, 41, 1993
Pellenz Kruft ⓘ Krufter Ofen	Blass, G. Graf, H.W., Neufunde von bekannten Fundorten (VIII), Mineralien-Welt 4/5, 41, 1993
Vulkaneifel Daun Üdersdorf ⓘ Emmelberg	Schmitt, Axel K, Klitzke, Malte, Gerdes, Axel, Schäfer, Christof (2017) Zircon Hafnium–Oxygen Isotope and Trace Element Petrochronology of Intraplate Volcanic Rocks from the Eifel (Germany) and Implications for Mantle versus Crustal Origins of Zircon Megacrysts. Journal of Petrology, 58 (9). 1841-1870 doi:10.1093/petrology/egx075

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	Bondam, J., Soerensen, H. (1958): Uraniferous Nepheline syenites and related rocks in the Ilimaussaq area, Julianehaab District, southwest Greenland, Proceedings 2. UN International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Vol. 2, 555-559 *Petersen, O.V. (2001) List of all minerals identified in the Ilímaussaq alkaline complex, South Greenland. Geology of Greenland Survey Bulletin* 190. GEUS p.25-33.**

Hungary
Fejér County Székesfehérvár District Pátka ⓘ Kőrakás Hill	Szakáll & Gatter, 1993
Tolna County Mórágy ⓘ Granite Quarry	Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005

India
Rajasthan Jodhpur Division Barmer District Malani Igneous Province ⓘ Siwana granite	Bhushan, S. K., & Somani, O. P. (2019). Rare earth elements and yttrium potentials of Neoproterozoic peralkaline Siwana granite of Malani igneous suite, Barmer district, Rajasthan. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(1), 35-41.
ⓘ Gudanal	Bhushan, S. K., & Somani, O. P. (2019). Rare earth elements and yttrium potentials of Neoproterozoic peralkaline Siwana granite of Malani igneous suite, Barmer district, Rajasthan. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(1), 35-41.
ⓘ Meli	Bhushan, S. K., & Somani, O. P. (2019). Rare earth elements and yttrium potentials of Neoproterozoic peralkaline Siwana granite of Malani igneous suite, Barmer district, Rajasthan. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(1), 35-41.
ⓘ Phulan	Bhushan, S. K., & Somani, O. P. (2019). Rare earth elements and yttrium potentials of Neoproterozoic peralkaline Siwana granite of Malani igneous suite, Barmer district, Rajasthan. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 94(1), 35-41.

Iran
Yazd Province Ardakan County Saghand ⓘ Saghand Uranium Mine	Dahlkamp (2009) Uranium Deposits of the World - Asia. p177
Bafq County ⓘ Duzakh Darreh	Foerster, F., and Jafarzadeh, A. (1994): Economic Geology 89(8), 1697-1721

Iraq
Sulaymaniyah Governorate Pshdar District Qaladiza Hero ⓘ Dupezeh Mountain	Al-Hermezi, H. M. (1985). Qandilite, a new spinel end-member, Mg 2 TiO 4, from the Qala-Dizeh region, NE Iraq. Mineralogical Magazine, 49(354), 739-744.

Italy
Aosta Valley Courmayeur ⓘ Triolet Glacier	Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007): Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
Campania Naples ⓘ Somma-Vesuvius Complex	Knuever, Marco, Mele, Daniela, Sulpizio, Roberto (2023) Mineralization and Skarn Formation Associated with Alkaline Magma Chambers Emplaced in a Limestone Basement: A Review. Minerals, 13 (9) doi:10.3390/min13091184
ⓘ Mount Somma	www.dinet.it/Mineral-GMC/AMI/vesuvio.html.
Ercolano ⓘ Montone Quarry	Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pp.
San Vito ⓘ San Vito Quarry	Luigi Chiappino data
Pollena Trocchia ⓘ Lagno di Pollena	luigi mattei
Somma Vesuviana ⓘ Trapolino Quarry (Cava Nuova)	Russo, M., and Punzo, I. (2004) I Minerali del Somma-Vesuvio. AMI Associazione Micro-mineralogica Italiana, Tipografia Fantigrafica s.r.l., Cremona, 320 pp.
Lazio Latina Province Ponza Ponza Island ⓘ Punta della Guardia	H.E. Belkin, B. De Vivo, A. Lima : "Magmatic (silicte/saline/sulfur-rich/CO2) immiscibility and zirconium and rare-earth element enrichment from alkaline magam chamber margins : evidence from Ponza Island, Pontine Archipelago, Italy", Eur. J. Mineral. , 1996, 8, 1401-1420.
Viterbo Province Vetralla ⓘ Pian di San Martino	www.giovanigeologi.it (n.d.) http://www.giovanigeologi.it/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/numero2web.pdf Carlini, R., Signoretti, E. (2016): Il Lazio Classico, minerali della zona di Vetralla: Tre Croci, Capo d’Acqua, Fosso Ricomero e Carcarelle. Fossils & Minerals Review, 2, 21-55
ⓘ Tre Croci	Luigi Matei Begini, R. (2021) Note di mineralogia laziale. Una particolare forsterite tabulare di Capranica (VT). Il Cercapietre, Rivista On-line del Gruppo Mineralogico Romano, Anno 2021, 47-49 gminromano.it (2022) https://gminromano.it/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/CP2021_Art_3.pdf
Viterbo ⓘ Le Carcarelle	www.gminromano.it (2005) http://www.gminromano.it/Cercapietre/rivista04/testo/04A04.html
Lombardy Sondrio Province Novate Mezzola ⓘ Codera Valley	Guastoni, A., Pozzi, G., Secco, L., Schiazza, M., Pennacchioni, G., Fioretti, A. M., & Nestola, F. (2016). Monazite-(Ce) and Xenotime-(Y) From An Lct, NYF Tertiary Pegmatite Field: Evidence From A Regional Study In the Central Alps (Italy and Switzerland). The Canadian Mineralogist, 54(4), 863-877.
Piedmont Cuneo Province Canosio Vallone della Valletta ⓘ Valletta Mine	www.socgeol.it (n.d.) http://www.socgeol.it/files/download/abstract%20book/abstract_book_pisa_2017_doi.pdf Cámara, F., Biagioni, C., Ciriotti, M.E., Bosi, F., Kolitsch, U., Paar, W.H., Blass, G., Bittarello, E. (2017c) Piccoliite, a new mineral of the pilawite group. Congresso SIMP-SGI-SOGEI-AIV 2017, Pisa, 3-6 settembre 2017, Abstract book, page 120
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province ⓘ Finero Ultramafic Complex (incl. Rio Creves)	Zaccarini, F., Meisel, T., Thalhammer, O., & Garuti, G. (2005). The Finero chromitites (Ivrea Zone, Italy): evidence for metasomatism in a mantle plume. Poster session presented at Platinum 10th International Platinum Symposium, Oulu, Finnland, .
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Burggrafenamt (Burgraviato) Ulten (Ultimo) ⓘ Hochwart - Vedetta Alta	Am Min 90:1177-1185

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Inland Sea (Setonaikai) ⓘ Yuge Island	Yukikaza Ogoshi and Tetsuo Minakawa (2009) JAKOKA: 2009 Annual Meeting of the Japan Association of Mineralogical Sciences, R4-P16
Mie Prefecture Mie District Komono town Yunoyama-onsen ⓘ Unnamed pegmatite	Nishio–Hamane, D., Momma, K., Ohnishi, M., & Inaba, S. (2022). Oxyyttrobetafite–(Y), Y2Ti2O6O, a new mineral of the pyrochlore supergroup in a pegmatite from Souri Valley, Komono, Mie Prefecture Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences, 117(1), 220728.

Kyrgyzstan
Issyk-Kul Region ⓘ Sandyk massif (Chechekty massif)
Naryn Region ⓘ Kyzyl-Ompul (Ortotokoiskii)	Topper, W., Ditz, R., Sarbas, B. & Schubert, P. (2013). Th Thorium: Natural Occurrence. Minerals (Excluding Silicates). Springer Berlin Heidelberg

Madagascar
Amoron'i Mania Manandriana District Andakatany ⓘ Andakatany Deposit	Rasoamalala, V., Salvi, S., Béziat, D., Ursule, J.-Ph., Cuney, M., de Parseval, Ph., Guillaume, D., Moine, B., Andriamampihantona, J. (2014) Geology of bastnaesite and monazite deposits in the Ambatofinandrahana area, central part of Madagascar: An overview. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 94. 128-140 doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.11.009
Androy Ambovombe-Androy ⓘ Antanimora Sud Commune	Frank K. Mazdab collectionsample FKM-40; https://www.rockptx.com/fkm-26-to-fkm-50/#FKM-40
Bekily District Beraketa ⓘ Ampandrandava phlogopite mine	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Belamoty phlogopite mine	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Isoky phlogopite mine	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Sakoamasy	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-1022
ⓘ Anosy	photo Id 315850
ⓘ Amboasary Sud District	Knut Edvard Larsen (2023) Collection.
ⓘ Amboamena	M Arliguie collection (old label), photo id-136594
Behara ⓘ Amboasarikely	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**
ⓘ Ankilimitsivoky phlogopite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.332-332
ⓘ Bevaho South phlogopite deposit	M. Arligue specimen and photo *Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Esatra thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Esira	Royal Museum for Central Africa, Belgium collection Sample 11315
Mahaly ⓘ Antanifotsy thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**
Maromby ⓘ Ambakitany thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Ambandanira thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Ambonaivo Group	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Ambonaivo thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.71-71
ⓘ Antanambao thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.71-71
ⓘ Befiamy-Belamoto thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.71-71
ⓘ Andranondambo phlogopite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Andriandambo thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Anikilivalo thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Ankazoabo thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
Belafa area ⓘ Andoloabo 1 thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**
ⓘ Andoloabo 2 thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.398-398
ⓘ Andranomitrohy thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.398-398
ⓘ Belafa East thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Belafa thorianite mine	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.398-398
ⓘ Belafa West thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Marosohy thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Sakoatelo thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Bemanteza thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Betanimena thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
Esiva ⓘ Esiva deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Esiva eluvials	Alexander Ringel specimen and photo Handbook of Mineralogy Curien H, Guillemin C, Orcel J, Sternberg M (1956) La hibonite, nouvelle espèce minérale. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences 242, 2845-2847
ⓘ Papango thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Soafia thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.398-399
Tanandava Atsimo ⓘ Ikatefo thorianite deposit	Luc Vandenberghe collection *Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Tranomaro-Maromby area	Manfred Kampf photo
Tranomaro Ambindandrakemba ⓘ Ambindandrakemba Mine	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Analalava North (Ambindandrakemba 4)	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Analalava South (Ambindandrakemba 3)	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Andakato thorianite deposit (Ambindandrakemba 2)	Delbos, L. (1955): Note sur le gisement d'un mineral nouveau " la hibonite" de' l'Androy Mandrareen" in Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1955, Tananarivo.143-144
ⓘ Androtsabo north (Ambindandrakemba 5)	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Amboanemba-South thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.396-396
ⓘ Amboanemba thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**
ⓘ Analana thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.397-397
ⓘ Anara thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.73-73
ⓘ Andranokaolo thorianite deposit (Andrakaholo; Andrakakolo)	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**
ⓘ Androtsabo (Androtsabo South; Marovoalava)	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
ⓘ Ankerotsy thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Ankolitrazo thorianite deposit (Ankolitrazo-Andavabe)	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.73-73
ⓘ Eroboka thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Ilapality thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgache**pp.72-72
ⓘ Kotovelo thorianite deposit	*Behier, Jean (1960) Contribution à la minéralogie de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 29. République Malgachepp.72-72 Besaire, Henri (1961) Les ressources minérales de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar Vol. 30. République Malgache**pp.57-57
ⓘ Morafeno thorianite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**
ⓘ Betroka District	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.395-395
Ambatomivary ⓘ Antanimary phlogopite mine	*Behier, Jean (1963) Carte minéralogique de Madagascar. Archive Service Géologique de Madagascar* A.1871. Service Géologique**
Diana Ambanja Antsirabe Befitina ⓘ Rare Earths Prospect	Hatzl, T. (2010) Mineralogische und geochemische Untersuchungen an der Probe TANT2-477067 aus Madagaskar unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Seltenerdelemente, Zirkon, Hafnium, Yttrium, Niob, Tantal, Thorium und Uran. Report for Tantalus Rare Earths AG, Tantalus Rare Earths AG. 1-56
Ihorombe Ihosy District Soamatasy ⓘ Soalika phlogopite deposit	*Besaire, Henri (1966) Gîtes minéraux de Madagascar. Annales géologiques de Madagascar* Vol. 34. République Malgache**pp.311-311
Tuléar Province (Toliara) ⓘ Andranomaro	M Arliguie M collection (old label) Knut Edvard Larsen colletion (M-546)

Mali
Kidal Region Kidal Cercle ⓘ Kidal-Tibeljeljeline Complex	Black, R., Ba, H., Ball, E., Bertrand, J. M., Boullier, A. M., Caby, R., ... & Wright, L. I. (1979). Outline of the Pan-African geology of adrar des Iforas (Republic of Mali). Geologische Rundschau, 68(2), 543-564. doi.org/10.1007/BF01820806 Liégeois, J. P., & Black, R. (1984). Pétrographie et géochronologie Rb-Sr de la transition calco-alcaline-alcaline fini-Panafricaine dans l'Adrar des Iforas (Mali): accrétion crustale au Précambrien supérieur. In Géologie africaine (pp. 115-145). Ba, H., Black, R., Benziane, B., Diombana, D., Hascoet-Fender, J., Bonin, B., ... & Liégeois, J. P. (1985). La province des complexes annulaires alcalins sursaturés de l'Adrar des Iforas, Mali. Journal of African Earth Sciences (1983), 3(1-2), 123-142. doi.org/10.1016/0899-5362(85)90031-4

Mauritania
Trarza Region Bir Allah ⓘ Zellaga Ouest	Mauritanian Geological Survey (1995) database

Mexico
Oaxaca San Francisco Telixtlahuaca Municipality San Francisco Telixtlahuaca ⓘ Muerto Mine	Prol-Ledesma, R.-M., Melgarejo, J.C. & Martin, R.F. (2012) The El Muerto "NYF" granitic pegmatite, Oaxaca, Mexico, and its striking enrichment in allanite-(Ce) and monazite-(Ce). Canadian Mineralogist 50, 1055-1076.

Mongolia
Dornogovi Province Khatanbulag District ⓘ Lugeengol REE deposit	Kynický, J. & Samec, P. (2005): Hydrothermally-metasomatic and exsolution-like mineralization of the carbonatites from selected localities at Gobi. Mongolian Geoscientist. sv. 9, č. 27, s. 52-55.
Ömnögovi Province Shara Hulasa Hiid ⓘ Mushgai Khudag carbonatite complex	Berger, V.I., Singer, D.A., and Orris, G.J. (2009): USGS Open-File Report 09-1139

Mozambique
Nampula Province Monapo District ⓘ Evate carbonatite	Gajdošová, M., Huraiová, M., Hurai, V., & Konečný, P. (2017) In situ chemical dating of new accessory minerals from the Evate deposit in Mozambique. CAM–2017 (Conference on Accessory Minerals) Hurai, V., Huraiová, M., Gajdošová, M., Konečný, P., Slobodník, M., & Siegfried, P. R. (2018). Compositional variations of zirconolite from the Evate apatite deposit (Mozambique) as an indicator of magmatic-hydrothermal conditions during post-orogenic collapse of Gondwana. Mineralogy and Petrology, 112(3), 279-296.
Zambezia Province ⓘ Alto Ligonha Pegmatite Field	*Wilson, Wendell E., Dias, Manuel Bettencourt (2000) Famous Mineral Localities: The Alto Ligonha Pegmatites, Mozambique. The Mineralogical Record, 31 (6) 459-497*
Gilé District ⓘ Namivu Pegmatite (Namivo Pegmatite)	*Wilson, Wendell E., Dias, Manuel Bettencourt (2000) Famous Mineral Localities: The Alto Ligonha Pegmatites, Mozambique. The Mineralogical Record, 31 (6) 459-497*
ⓘ Nampoça Pegmatite	*Wilson, Wendell E., Dias, Manuel Bettencourt (2000) Famous Mineral Localities: The Alto Ligonha Pegmatites, Mozambique. The Mineralogical Record, 31 (6) 459-497*
ⓘ Tomeia Pegmatite	*Wilson, Wendell E., Dias, Manuel Bettencourt (2000) Famous Mineral Localities: The Alto Ligonha Pegmatites, Mozambique. The Mineralogical Record, 31 (6) 459-497*

Myanmar
Mandalay Region Pyin-Oo-Lwin District Mogok Township Kyauk-Pyat-That Sakangyi (Sakhan-gyi) ⓘ Sakangyi pegmatites	Heo, C. H., Oh, I. H., & Cho, S. J. (2020). Mineralogical and Geochemical Characteristics of the Gemstone-bearing Pegmatite of Mogok Metamorphic Belt, Myanmar. Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology, 33(2), 129-141.

Namibia
Erongo Region Arandis Constituency ⓘ Rössing uranium mine	Irene M. Abraham (2009): Geology and spatial distribution of uranium mineralisation in the SK anomaly area, Rossing area, Namibia, Master thesis University of the Witwatersrand.

Nepal
Gandaki Pradesh Kaski District Annapurna Municipality ⓘ Modi-Khola valley	Aaron J. Martin, Jibamitra Ganguly, Peter G. DeCelles. (2009) Metamorphism of Greater and Lesser Himalayan rocks exposed in the Modi Khola valley, central Nepal. Springer-Verlag 2009

Niger
Tillabéri Antigoura ⓘ Sirba River gold alluvials	Machens, E. (1964) : Mission de prospection générale du Liptako, rapport de fin de mission 58-64 et inventaire d’indices de minéralisations – Rapport BRGM inédit, 146pages.

Norway
Agder Evje og Hornnes ⓘ Høgetveit Feldspar Quarries	*Frigstad, Ole Fridtjof (1999) Amazonittpegmatitter i Iveland-Evje [Amazonite-pegmatites in Iveland-Evje]. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 15. 60-73*
Landsverk ⓘ ~~Landsverk 1 Feldspar Quarry (Jokeli)~~	Info. board at the mine, 2005.
Vestfold og Telemark Kragerø Sannidal Levang ⓘ Levang Gneiss Dome	O'Nions, R.K. & Baadsgaard, H. (1971): A radiometric study of polymetamorphism in the Bamble region, Norway. Contributions to mineralogy and Petrology. 34, 1-21
Nome ⓘ Fen Complex	Åmli,R. (1974): Rapport, Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum. Mineralogiske og geokjemiske undersøkelser vedrørende scandium, niob og sjeldne jordarter i Fensfeltet, Ulefoss( p. 49) Cited in Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 85.
Skien ⓘ Flekkeren	Jamtveit, Bjorn, Dahlgren, Sven, Austrheim, Haakon (1997) High-grade contact metamorphism of calcareous rocks from the Oslo Rift, Southern Norway. American Mineralogist, 82 (11). 1241-1254 doi:10.2138/am-1997-11-1219
Viken Eidsvoll Minnesund ⓘ Byrud Emerald Mines	Raade, Gunnar, Haug, Jan (1983) Thorianitt og gersdorffitt, to nye mineraler fra Byrud, Minnesund [Thorianite and gersdorffite, two new minerals from Byrud, Minnesund]. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum - Universitetet i Oslo- Interne notater, Geologisk Museums venner. 118 *Kvamsdal, Lars O., Eldjarn, Knut (2006) Mineralene i smaragdgruvene ved Byrud gård, Minnesund, Norge. STEIN. Nordisk magasin for populær geologi, 33 (4) 4-20*

Oman
Ash Sharqiyah South Governorate Sal Carbonatite Plugs ⓘ Sal-2	Nasir, S., Theye, T. & Massonne, H.-J. 2009 REE-rich aeschynite in apatite-dolomite carbonatite, eastern Oman Mountains. The Open Mineralogy Journal, 3, 17-27.

Paraguay
Alto Paraguay Department ⓘ Cerro Boggiani	Comin-Chiaramonti, P., Renzulli, A., Ridolfi, F., Enrich, G. E., Gomes, C. B., De Min, A., ... & Ruberti, E. (2016). Late-stage magmatic to deuteric/metasomatic accessory minerals from the Cerro Boggiani agpaitic complex (Alto Paraguay Alkaline Province). Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 71, 248-261.

Romania
Bihor County ⓘ Măgureaua Vaței intrusion	www.researchgate.net (n.d.) https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Gavril_Sbu/publication/265125228_poster/links/53ff6b1a0cf2194bc29a7b6d.pdf
ⓘ Bistriţa Mn belt	Hirtopanu, P. (2006). One hundred minerals for one hundred years (dedicated to the Centennial of the Geological Institute of Romania). In 3rd Conference on Mineral Sciences in the Carpathians, Miskolc Hungary. Acta Mineralogica–Petrographica, Abstract series (Vol. 5, p. 86).
Harghita County ⓘ Ditrău Complex	Pál Molnár, E. (2000): Hornblendites and diorites of the Ditró syenite massif. University of Szeged, Szeged Hungary, 172 p.
Gheorgheni ⓘ Aurora Creek	Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp.
Joseni ⓘ Belcina Creek (Belcina)	Hirtopanu, P. , Jakab, G. , Andersen, C. J., & Fairhurst, J. R. (2013). Thorite, thorogummite and xenotime-(Y) occurrence in Ditrau alkaline intrusive massif, East Carpathians, Romania. Proceedings of the Romanian Academy, Series B: Chemistry, Life Sciences and Geoscience, 15(2), 111-132.

Russia
Buryatia Baunt District Vitim Plateau ⓘ Mukhalski massif	Doroshkevich, A. G., Ripp, G. S., Izbrodin, I. A., & Savatenkov, V. M. (2012). Alkaline magmatism of the Vitim province, West Transbaikalia, Russia: Age, mineralogical, geochemical and isotope (О, C, D, Sr and Nd) data. Lithos, 152, 157-172.
Eastern Sayan ⓘ Snezhnoe Be deposit	Gordienko, IV, Roshchektaev, PA, Gorokhovsky, DV (2016) Oka ore district of the Eastern Sayan: geology, structural–metallogenic zonation, genetic types of ore deposits, their geodynamic formation conditions, and outlook for development. Geology of Ore Deposits, 58. 361-382
Mama River Basin Maigunda River ⓘ Burpala alkaline massif	Bailey, J. C: Formation of cryolite and other aluminofluorides: A petrologic review. Bull. geol. Soc. Denmark, vol. 29, pp. 1-45. Copenhagen, June 10th, 1980.
Severo-Baykalsky District Dovyren Highlands Yoko-Dovyrensky Massif ⓘ Bol’shoy (Big) stream	Spiridonov, E. M., Ariskin, A. A., Kislov, E. V., Korotaeva, N. N., Nikolaev, G. S., Pshenitsyn, I. V., & Yapaskurt, V. O. (2018). Laurite and Ir-osmium from plagioclase lherzolite of the Yoko–Dovyren mafic–ultramafic pluton, Northern Baikal Region. Geology of Ore Deposits, 60(3), 210-219.
Ulan-Ude ⓘ Arshan REE deposit	Doroshkevich, A. G., Ripp, G. S., Viladkar, S. G., & Vladykin, N. V. (2008). The Arshan REE carbonatites, southwestern Transbaikalia, Russia: mineralogy, paragenesis and evolution. The Canadian Mineralogist, 46(4), 807-823.
Chelyabinsk Oblast Karabash ⓘ Karabash ophiolite massif	Murzin, Valery, Konstantin Chudnenko, Galina Palyanova, Aleksandr Kissin, and Dmitry Varlamov. (2018) "Physicochemical Model of Formation of Gold-Bearing Magnetite-Chlorite-Carbonate Rocks at the Karabash Ultramafic Massif (Southern Urals, Russia)" Minerals 8, no. 7: 306. https://doi.org/10.3390/min8070306
Soimon Valley ⓘ Zolotaya Gora Au deposit	Murzin, V. V., Varlamov, D. A., Ronkin, Y. L., & Shanina, S. N. (2013). Origin of Au-bearing rodingite in the Karabash massif of alpine-type ultramafic rocks in the southern Urals. Geology of Ore Deposits, 55(4), 278-297. Murzin, V. V., Chudnenko, K. V., Palyanova, G. A., Varlamov, D. A., Naumov, E. A., & Pirajno, F. (2018). Physicochemical model for the genesis of Cu-Ag-Au-Hg solid solutions and intermetallics in the rodingites of the Zolotaya Gora gold deposit (Urals, Russia). Ore Geology Reviews, 93, 81-97.
Kyshtym ⓘ Mochalin Log	webmineral.ru (2020) http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=1227
Miass ⓘ Pit No. 97	Mineralogical Record: 33: 167. Popov, V.A., Pautov, L.A., Sokolova, E., Hawthorne, F.C., McCammon, C., and Bazhenova, L.F. (2001) Polyakovite-(Ce), (REE,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2Si4O22, a new metamict mineral species from the Ilmen Mountains, southern Urals, Russia: mineral description and crystal chemistry. Canadian Mineralogist: 39: 1095-1104. Jambor, J.L. and Roberts, A.C. (2002) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 87: 765-768.
Vishnevye Mountains ⓘ Karavai Mt	webmineral.ru (2016) http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=841
Irkutsk Oblast Lake Baikal area Slyudyanka ⓘ White Cutting	Pavel M. Kartashov data
ⓘ Tazheranskii Massif	Sklyarov, E.V. Karmanov, N.S. Lavrenchuk, A.V. Starikova, A.E. (2019) Perovskites of the Tazheran Massif (Baikal, Russia). Minerals 9, 323.
Kabardino-Balkaria Baksan Valley Upper Chegem volcanic caldera (Verkhnechegemskaya caldera) Lakargi Mountain ⓘ Xenolith no. 7	Galuskina, I. O., Galuskin, E. V., Prusik, K., Gazeev, V. M., Pertsev, N. N., & Dzierżanowski, P. (2013). Irinarassite Ca3Sn2SiAl2O12–new garnet from the Upper Chegem Caldera, Northern Caucasus, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine, 77(6), 2857-2866.
Krasnoyarsk Krai Boguchansky District Chadobets alkaline complex ⓘ Chuktukon carbonatite massif	Sharygin, V.V. Doroshkevich, A.G. Seryotkin, Y.V. Karmanov, N.S. Belogub, E.V. Moroz, T.N. Nigmatulina, E.N. Yelisseyev, A.P. Vedenyapin, V.N. Kupriyanov, I.N. (2020) Rippite, K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F), a New K-Nb-Cyclosilicate from Chuktukon Carbonatite Massif, Chadobets Upland, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia. Minerals 10, 1102.
Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Kiisk alkaline massif (Kiyskoe)	Seltmann, R., Soloviev, S., Shatov, V., Pirajno, F., Naumov, E., Cherkasov, S. (2010) Metallogeny of Siberia: tectonic, geologic and metallogenic settings of selected significant deposits. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences*, 57 (6). 655-706 doi:10.1080/08120099.2010.505277
Kuragin District ⓘ Snezhnoe Ta-Nb deposit	Gordienko, IV, Roshchektaev, PA, Gorokhovsky, DV (2016) Oka ore district of the Eastern Sayan: geology, structural–metallogenic zonation, genetic types of ore deposits, their geodynamic formation conditions, and outlook for development. Geology of Ore Deposits, 58. 361-382
Maimecha and Kotui Rivers Basin ⓘ Gulinskii massif (Guli)	Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Moscow Kogarko, L. N., Sorokhtina, N. V., Kononkova, N. N., & Klimovich, I. V. (2013). Uranium and thorium in carbonatitic minerals from the Guli massif, Polar Siberia. Geochemistry International, 51(10), 767-776. Sorokhtina, N. V., Kogarko, L. N., Zaitsev, V. A., Kononkova, N. N., & Asavin, A. M. (2019). Sulfide Mineralization in the Carbonatites and Phoscorites of the Guli Massif, Polar Siberia, and Their Noble-Metal Potential. Geochemistry International, 57(11), 1125-1146.
Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau Noril'sk Talnakh Cu-Ni Deposit ⓘ Oktyabrsky Mine	Barkov, Andrei Y., Ivan I. Nikulin, Andrey A. Nikiforov, Boris M. Lobastov, Sergey A. Silyanov, and Robert F. Martin (2021) "Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111193 Barkov, Andrei Y., Ivan I. Nikulin, Andrey A. Nikiforov, Boris M. Lobastov, Sergey A. Silyanov, and Robert F. Martin (2021) "Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia" Minerals 11, no. 11: 1193. https://doi.org/10.3390/min11111193 Barkov, A.Y., Nikulin, I.I., Nikiforov, A.A., Lobastov, B.M., Silyanov, S.A., Martin, R.F. (2021): Atypical Mineralization Involving Pd-Pt, Au-Ag, REE, Y, Zr, Th, U, and Cl-F in the Oktyabrsky Deposit, Norilsk Complex, Russia. Minerals: 11: 1193.
Murmansk Oblast ⓘ Afrikanda complex	Chakhmouradian A.R., Zaitsev A.N. (1999): Calcite–amphibole–clinopyroxene rock from the Afrikanda complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia: mineralogy and a possible link to carbonatites. I. Oxide minerals. - Canadian Mineralogist, Vol.37,pp. 177-198.
Belye Tundry Massif ⓘ Zirkonovoe pegmatite body (Zirkonovoye)	Voloshin, A.V., Lyalina, L.M., Savchenko, Ye.E., Selivanova, E.A. [Волошин А.В., Лялина Л.М., Савченко Е.Э., Селиванова Е.А.] (2005): Intragranite rare-metal pegmatites of the alkaline granite formation of the Kola Peninsula. Quartz-zircon pseudomorphs [Внутригранитные редкометалльные пегматиты щелочногранитовой формации Кольского полуострова. Кварц-цирконовые псевдоморфозы]. Zapiski RMO [Записки РМО], 134, 4, 98-107 Lyalina, L.M., Selivanova, E.A., Savchenko, Ye.E., Zozulya, D.R., Kadyrova, G.I. (2014): Minerals of the gadolinite-(Y)–hingganite-(Y) series in the alkali granite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56, 675-684.
ⓘ Gremyakha-Vyrmes Massif	Sorokhtina, N. V., Kogarko, L. N., Shpachenko, A. K., & Senin, V. G. (2016). Composition and conditions of crystallization of zircon from the rare-metal ores of the Gremyakha–Vyrmes Massif, Kola Peninsula. Geochemistry International, 54(12), 1035-1048.
ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Ivanyuk, Gregory Yu., Andrey O. Kalashnikov, Yakov A. Pakhomovsky, Ayya V. Bazai, Pavel M. Goryainov, Julia A. Mikhailova, Victor N. Yakovenchuk, and Nataly G. Konopleva. 2017. "Subsolidus Evolution of the Magnetite-Spinel-UlvöSpinel Solid Solutions in the Kovdor Phoscorite-Carbonatite Complex, NW Russia" Minerals 7, no. 11: 215. https://doi.org/10.3390/min7110215 Mikhailova, J. A., Kalashnikov, A. O., Sokharev, V. A., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Konopleva, N. G., Yakovenchuk, V. N., ... & Ivanyuk, G. Y. (2016). 3D mineralogical mapping of the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex (Russia). Mineralium Deposita, 51(1), 131-149.
ⓘ Kovdor Phlogopite mine	N. I. Krasnova (2001): The Kovdor phlogopite deposit, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Canadian Mineralogist, 39, 33–44.
ⓘ Kovdor Zheleznyi Mine	[World of Stones 95:5-6, p64]
ⓘ Phoscorite-carbonatite pipe	Mikhailova, J. A., Kalashnikov, A. O., Sokharev, V. A., Pakhomovsky, Y. A., Konopleva, N. G., Yakovenchuk, V. N., ... & Ivanyuk, G. Y. (2016). 3D mineralogical mapping of the Kovdor phoscorite–carbonatite complex (Russia). Mineralium Deposita, 51(1), 131-149.
ⓘ Sakha	[var: Aldanite] [Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index, 3rd Edition"]
Aldan ⓘ Tayezhnoe Fe-B skarn (Tayozhnoye)	Pavel M. Kartashov data
Polar Yakutia ⓘ Tomtor Massif	Okrugin, Alexander, and Anatolii Zhuravlev. (2023) "Mineralogical and Geochemical Evidence of Paragenetic Unity of Igneous Silicate and Carbonatite Rocks of the Tomtor Massif in the North-East of the Siberian Platform" Minerals 13, no. 2: 211. https://doi.org/10.3390/min13020211
Tuva ⓘ Belaya Zima REE-Nb deposit	Doroshkevich, A. G., Veksler, I. V., Izbrodin, I. A., Ripp, G. S., Khromova, E. A., Posokhov, V. F., ... & Vladykin, N. V. (2016). Stable isotope composition of minerals in the Belaya Zima plutonic complex, Russia: Implications for the sources of the parental magma and metasomatizing fluids. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 116, 81-96.
Zabaykalsky Krai Gazimuro-Zavodsky District ⓘ Bystrinskoye Cu-Au deposit	Kovalenker, V. A., Trubkin, N. V., Abramova, V. D., Plotinskaya, O. Y., Kiseleva, G. D., Borisovskii, S. E., & Yazykova, Y. I. (2018). Typomorphic characteristics of molybdenite from the Bystrinsky Cu–Au porphyry–skarn deposit, eastern Transbaikal region, Russia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 60(1), 62-81.

Slovakia
Košice Region Rožňava District Betliar ⓘ Betliar granite body	Kubiš M., Broska I.: 2006: Petrography, mineralogy and geochemistry of Betliar granite body (Gemeric unit, Western Carpathians,Slovakia). Miner. Polonica-Special Papers, vol. 28. p.121- 123
Trebišov District ⓘ Byšta	Koděra, P., Rojkovičová, Ľ.,Košárková, M., 1998: Mineralógická správa lokality Byšta, Au-Ag. Manuscript, Archiv Geofond, Bratislava, 68 p

South Africa
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Phalaborwa ⓘ Palabora Mine	Lee, M. E., Goosen, W. E., Minnaar, E. G., & Liebenberg, T. Microanalysis of mineral inclusions in primary baddeleyite from the Phalaborwa complex.
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex	VERWOERD, W.J. (1986) Mineral deposits associated with carbonatites and alkaline rocks. In: Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Vol. II. 2173-2191. Edited by: Annhaeusser and Maske. Geological Society of South Africa.
Ngaka Modiri Molema District Municipality Ramotshere Moiloa Local Municipality ⓘ Goudini carbonatite complex	VERWOERD, W.J. (1993) Update on carbonatites of South Africa and Namibia. South African Journal of Geology, 96(3), 75-95.
Northern Cape Namakwa District Municipality Karoo Hoogland Local Municipality Sutherland ⓘ Salpeterkop Mountain (Saltpetre Kop)	Journal of African Earth Sciences Volume 21, Issue 1, July 1995, Pages 171-186

Spain
Catalonia Tarragona Conca de Barberà Vimbodí i Poblet Poblet Monastery ⓘ Coma Fosca	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
ⓘ Roca de Ponent	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595
ⓘ Sant Miquel	C.. Canet et al. , The Canadian Mineralogist, 2003, V41, pp. 581-595

Sri Lanka

Sabaragamuwa Province Ratnapura District ⓘ Balangoda (TL)	Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index"] [Circular of the USA National Bureau of Standards,539,V.1,57(1953)
Southern Province Galle District Bentota ⓘ Bentota River Alluvium	Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry
ⓘ Hinidum Pattuwa	link.springer.com (n.d.) http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02994681

Sweden
Jönköping County Jönköping Gränna ⓘ Norra Kärr	Thulin, H. (1996): Norra Kärr. Litiofilen 13: 17-51
Vetlanda Alseda Slättåkra ⓘ Dikesgård	J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite pegmatites in Vetlanda-area, Småland,Sweden. 1991
ⓘ Hulta	J.Langhof: REE-mineralogy in Mo-granite pegmatites in Vetlanda-area, Småland,Sweden. 1991
ⓘ Slättåkra quartz quarry (Alseda)	*Wilke, Hans-Jurgen (1997) Die Mineralien und Fundstellen von Schweden. Christian Weise Verlag GmbH, Munich.*

Tajikistan
Gorno-Badakhshan Murghob Rangkul ⓘ Snezhnoe deposit	Elena S. Sorokina, Andrey K. Litvinenko, Wolfgang Hofmeister, Tobias Häger, Dorrit E. Jacob, and Zamoniddin Z. Nasriddinov (2015): Rubies and sapphires from Snezhnoe, Tajikistan. Gems & Gemology 51, 160-175.

Tanzania
Kigoma Region ⓘ Kapalagulu Intrusion	Wilhelmij, H.R. and Cabri, L.J. (2016) Platinum mineralization in the Kapalagulu Intrusion, western Tanzania. Mineralium Deposita, 51(3), 343-367.

Turkey
Çanakkale Province Ezine District ⓘ Geyikli prospect	Yigit, O. (2012). A prospective sector in the Tethyan Metallogenic Belt: Geology and geochronology of mineral deposits in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. Ore Geology Reviews, 46, 118-148.
Eskişehir Province Beylikova District ⓘ Kizilcaören REE deposits (Kyzylkaoren)	Nikiforov, A. V., Öztürk, H., Altuncu, S., & Lebedev, V. A. (2014). Kizilcaören ore-bearing complex with carbonatites (northwestern Anatolia, Turkey): Formation time and mineralogy of rocks. Geology of Ore Deposits, 56(1), 35-60.
Sivas Province Sivas ⓘ Karaçayır Syenite Intrusion	Schuiling, R. D. (1961). Formation of Pegmatitic Carbonatite in a Syenite–Marble Contact. Nature, 192(4809), 1280-1280. Boztuğ, D., Jonckheere, R., Wagner, G. A., Erçin, A. I., & Yeğingil, Z. (2007). Titanite and zircon fission-track dating resolves successive igneous episodes in the formation of the composite Kaçkar batholith in the Turkish Eastern Pontides. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 96(5), 875-886. Alan F. Cooper, Durmus Boztuğ, J. Michael Palin, Candace E. Martin, Mihoko Numata (2011) Petrology and petrogenesis of carbonatitic rocks in syenites from central Anatolia, Turkey. Contrib Mineral Petrol 161:811–828. Çimen, O., Ağrılı, H., Kuebler, C., Simonetti, A., Corcoran, L., Simonetti, S., ... & Dönmez, C. (2021). Geochemical, isotopic and U-Pb geochronological investigation of the Late Cretaceous Karaçayır carbonatite (Sivas, Turkey): Insights into mantle sources within a post-collisional tectonic setting. Ore Geology Reviews, 104650.

UK
England Cornwall Camborne Beacon ⓘ Great Condurrow Mine	LeBoutillier, N. G., Shail, R. K., & Jewson, C. (2003). Monazite in polymetallic chlorite-(tourmaline)-quartz-(fluorite)-cassiterite-sulphide lodes and its potential for constraining the chronology of magmatic hydrothermal mineralisation in Cornwall.
ⓘ South Tolcarne Mine	LeBoutillier, N. G., Shail, R. K., & Jewson, C. (2003). Monazite in polymetallic chlorite-(tourmaline)-quartz-(fluorite)-cassiterite-sulphide lodes and its potential for constraining the chronology of magmatic hydrothermal mineralisation in Cornwall.
Scotland Highland ⓘ Sutherland	Gallagher, M.J. et al. (1971) Trans. Inst. Mining Metall. 80, B160. *Livingstone, A., Macpherson, H. G. (1983) Fifth supplementary list of British minerals (Scottish) Mineralogical Magazine, 47 (342) 99-105 doi:10.1180/minmag.1983.047.342.23*

Ukraine
Donetsk Oblast Azov Sea Region ⓘ Oktyabr'skii Massif	Sharygin, V.V. (2015): Zincian micas from peralkaline phonolites of the Oktyabrsky massif, Azov Sea region, Ukrainian Shield. European Journal of Mineralogy: 27(4): 521-533

USA
Alaska Haines ⓘ Lucky Six; William Henry Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Matanuska-Susitna Borough Yentna Mining District ⓘ Cache Creek Area Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Kahiltna River; Sholan Bar; Round Bend Bar; Red Hill Bar; Boulder Bench Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Kahiltna River Mine (ARDF - TY027)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Kahiltna River Mine (ARDF - TY028)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Kahiltna River Mine (ARDF - TY029)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Nome Census Area Koyuk Mining District ⓘ Anzac Creek Occurrence	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Boulder Creek Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Rock Creek Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Northwest Arctic Borough Fairhaven Mining District ⓘ Connolly Creek Occurrence	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Cub Creek Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Meinzer Creek Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Spruce Creek Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Syenite Gulch Occurrence	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - CA036; Muck Creek)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - CA042; tributary to Duck Creek)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - CA044; south of Clem Mountain)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - CA045; south east of Clem Mountain)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Prospect (ARDF - CA013; upper Peace River)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area Ketchikan Mining District Prince of Wales Island Bokan Mountain ⓘ I Prospect; (L and M Prospect; ILM Prospect; I; L and M Nos. 1-3 Prospect)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area Chandalar Mining District ⓘ Squaw Creek; Big Squaw Creek Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Circle Mining District ⓘ Roy Creek; Little Champion Creek Prospect	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Eagle Creek Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Encio Gulch Mine (formerly Riddle Gulch)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Hidden Creek: Grable and Blackburn Mine Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Hughes Mining District ⓘ Hogatza; Hog River; Bear Creek Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - HU011; northeast ridge of Caribou Mountain)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - HU016; in Zane Hills; south of upper Caribou Creek)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Koyukuk Mining District ⓘ Gold Bench Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
ⓘ Ruby Creek; Strand Mine	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Shungnak Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - SH010; northeast of Solsmunket Lake)	*(2008) Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Open-File Report* 2008-1225. US Geological Survey**
Colorado Fremont County ⓘ Gem Park complex	USGS Prof Paper 649 Armbrustmacher, T. J. (1988) Geology and resources of thorium and associated elements in the Wet Mountains area, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado. USGS Professional Paper: 1049-F
ⓘ Vermiculite Mine (MRDS - 10013422)	USGS Prof Paper 649 *(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.*
Larimer County Crystal Mountain Pegmatite Mining District (Storm Mountain Mining District) Storm Mountain ⓘ Storm Mountain Mine	*Eckel, Edwin Butt , Cobban, Robert R., Mosburg, Shirley K., Foord, Eugene E. (1997) Minerals of Colorado. Fulcrum Publishing.*
Maine Sagadahoc County Topsham ⓘ Havey #1 & #2 Quarries	Thompson, Woodrow B., Joyner, Ronald L., Woodman, Raymond G., King, Vandall T. (1998) Bulletin (41), A Collector's Guide to Maine Mineral Localities (3rd ed.) Maine Geological Survey
Montana Beaverhead County Bloody Dick Mining District (Lehmi Pass Mining District; Bobbit Mining District; Beaverhead Mining District) ⓘ Lemhi Pass deposits	www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/gold/pdf/2054.pdf.
Granite County Rock Creek Mining District ⓘ Sand Basin placers	Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
Sapphire Mountains Area ⓘ Sand Basin Occurrence	*(2005) Mineral Resources Data System (MRDS), US Geological Survey.*
Ravalli County Sapphire Mountains Area ⓘ Crystal Mountain Fluorspar Mine (Lumberjack Outcrops; Crystal Mountain Mine Retirement Group)	Gobla, M.J. (2012) Montana mineral locality index. Rocks & Minerals, 87, #3, 208-240.
Nevada ⓘ Goldstrike Mines	*Castor, Stephen B., Ferdock, Gregory C. (2004) Minerals of Nevada. Special Publication* 31. Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology**
New Hampshire Carroll County Conway Redstone ⓘ Redstone "Red Granite" quarry	Hoag, Roland B., Jr. and Stewart, G.W. (1977). Preliminary Petrographic and Geophysical Interpretations of the Exploratory Geothermal Drill Hole and Core, Redstone, New Hampshire: Report prepared for ERDA.
New York St. Lawrence County Pitcairn Rose Road ⓘ Mulvaney property (Rose Road wollastonite deposit; McDonald Sugar Bush)	Emproto, C., Bailey, G., Chamberlain, S. (2017) Discovery of Thorium/Uranium Mineralization in Wollastonite Skarn, nr. Pitcairn, St. Lawrence Co., New York. Mineral News Vol. 33, No. 7
Pennsylvania Northampton County Easton ⓘ Chestnut Hill	Lapham & Geyer, 1965. Mineral Collecting in Pennsylvania
C.K. Williams Quarry complex ⓘ Sherrer Quarry	Rocks & Min.: 11:90. Arthur Montgomery (1957) Three occurrences of high-thorian uraninite near Easton, Pennsylvania. Am. Min. 42: 804-820
Rhode Island Washington County Westerly ⓘ Redstone Granite Quarry (Cherenzia Quarry)	Overstreet, 1967. USGS Prof. Pap. 530.
Texas Burnet County ⓘ Cactus Jack pegmatite	Self-Collected by Franklin Roberts
Culberson County Apache Peak area ⓘ Marble Canyon Mine (Texas Agricultural Aggregates Quarry)	Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.
Sierra Diablo ⓘ Cave Peak deposit	Audétat, A. (2010) Source and Evolution of Molybdenum in the Porphyry Mo(^Nb) Deposit at Cave Peak,Texas. Journal of Petrology 51(8),1739-60.
Hudspeth County ⓘ Sierra Blanca Peaks	R&M 66:3 pp 196-224
Virginia Roanoke County ⓘ Old Sheperd Farm	*Dietrich, R. V. (1990) Minerals of Virginia. Virginia Geological Survey.*
Washington Okanogan County Golden Horn Batholith ⓘ Washington Pass	Micro Probe Volume VI Number 8
Pend Oreille County Granite Mountain ⓘ The Rat Hole Mine (High Noon Mine; High Noon Uranium Mine)	*Derkey, Robert E., Joseph, Nancy L., Lasmanis, Raymond (1990, November) Metal Mines of Washington - Preliminary Report. Open File Report* 90-18. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources Derkey, Robert E., Joseph, Nancy L., Lasmanis, Raymond (1990, November) Metal Mines of Washington - Preliminary Report. Open File Report 90-18. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources**
Wyoming Crook County ⓘ Bear Lodge alkaline igneous complex	Van Rythoven, A. D., Pfaff, K., & Clark, J. G. (2020). Use of QEMSCAN® to characterize oxidized REE ore from the Bear Lodge carbonatite, Wyoming, USA. Ore and Energy Resource Geology, 2, 100005.

Zambia
North-Western Province Solwezi District ⓘ Kansanshi Mine	MacIntyre, T.J. (2019 ) Geology and Geochemistry of the Kansanshi Cu-(Au) Deposit, North-Western Province, Zambia. PhD thesis, Geology, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, USA.

Thorianite

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