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Pumpellyite-(Mg)

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page kindly sponsored by Josiah Heyman
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About Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

07275870014946279865196.jpg
Raphael Pumpelly
Formula:
Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O
Colour:
Green, blue, blackish green, brown
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
Specific Gravity:
3.18
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1925 by Charles Palache and Helen E. Vassar in honor of US geologist, Raphael Pumpelly [September 8, 1837 Owego, New York, USA – August 10, 1923 Newport, Rhode Island, USA]. The chemical suffix was added in 1973 by the IMA. Pumpelly was an active mining consultant and was professor of Mining Science at Harvard University. He was appointed director of the New England branch of the U. S. Geological Survey in 1884.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
3309
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3309:7
GUID
(UUID V4):
bf8cd5d2-a90d-4174-a6ec-dda5eb12f2e0

IMA Classification of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Classification of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

9.BG.20

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO4 and Si2O7 groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
58.2.2.7

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)
16.11.7

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
11 : Aluminosilicates of Ca and Mg with or without alkalis

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
Pmp-MgIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
PmpKretz (1983)Kretz, R. (1983) Symbols of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 68, 277–279.
PmpSiivolam & Schmid (2007)Siivolam, J. and Schmid, R. (2007) Recommendations by the IUGS Subcommission on the Systematics of Metamorphic Rocks: List of mineral abbreviations. Web-version 01.02.07. IUGS Commission on the Systematics in Petrology. download
PmpWhitney & Evans (2010)Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
PmpThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Vitreous
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Green, blue, blackish green, brown
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {001} and {100}.
Density:
3.18(3) g/cm3 (Measured)    3.20 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.674 - 1.748 nβ = 1.675 - 1.754 nγ = 1.688 - 1.764
2V:
Measured: 70° to 90°, Calculated: 32° to 76°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.014 - 0.016
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = nearly colorless to pale greenish yellow; Y = blue-green; Z = almost colorless to brownish yellow.

Chemistry of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Mindat Formula:
Ca2MgAl2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2O

Crystallography of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.83(1) Å, b = 5.90(1) Å, c = 19.17(2) Å
β = 97.10°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.497 : 1 : 3.249
Unit Cell V:
991.04 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Bladed, typically elongated along [010]; in stellate clusters, fibrous, or dense mats.
Twinning:
Common on {001} and {100}
Comment:
Non-standard space group A2/m.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0017597Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hamada M, Akasaka M, Seto S, Makino K (2010) Crystal chemistry of chromian pumpellyite from Osayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan American Mineralogist 95 1294-13042010Osayama ultramafic body, Okayama, Japan0293
0017598Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hamada M, Akasaka M, Seto S, Makino K (2010) Crystal chemistry of chromian pumpellyite from Osayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan American Mineralogist 95 1294-13042010Osayama ultramafic body, Okayama, Japan0293
0017600Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hamada M, Akasaka M, Seto S, Makino K (2010) Crystal chemistry of chromian pumpellyite from Osayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan American Mineralogist 95 1294-13042010Osayama ultramafic body, Okayama, Japan0293
0017601Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hamada M, Akasaka M, Seto S, Makino K (2010) Crystal chemistry of chromian pumpellyite from Osayama, Okayama Prefecture, Japan American Mineralogist 95 1294-13042010Osayama ultramafic body, Okayama, Japan0293
0007760Pumpellyite-(Mg)Artioli G, Geiger C A (1994) The crystal chemistry of pumpellyite: An X-ray Rietveld refinement and 57Fe Mossbauer study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 20 443-4531994Keweenawan, Michigan0293
0009365Pumpellyite-(Mg)Galli E, Alberti A (1969) On the crystal structure of pumpellyite Acta Crystallographica B25 2276-228119690293
0018298Pumpellyite-(Mg)Nagashima M, Akasaka M, Ikeda K, Kyono A, Makino K (2010) X-ray single-crystal and optical spectroscopic study of chromian pumpellyite from Sarany, Urals, Russia Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105 187-1932010Sarany, Ural Mountains, Russia0293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
2.90 Å(100)
3.79 Å(50)
2.74 Å(50)
2.452 Å(40)
2.64 Å(30)
2.210 Å(30)
1.597 Å(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Type Occurrence of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 90919.
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 95279-95281.
The Natural History Museum, London, England, 1926, 225-226.
Reference:
Palache, C., Vassar, H.E. (1925) Some minerals of the Keweenawan copper deposits: pumpellyite, a new mineral; sericite; saponite. American Mineralogist: 10: 412-418.

Synonyms of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Other Language Names for Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Simplified Chinese:镁绿纤石

Varieties of Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

ChlorastroliteChatoyant and generally exhibits a distinctive and attractive mosaic or segmented pattern, sometimes referred to as "turtleback". State gemstone of Michigan.
Originally described from Isle Royale National Park, Lake Superior, Keweenaw Co., Michigan, USA.

Relationship of Pumpellyite-(Mg) to other SpeciesHide

Other Members of this group:
Pumpellyite-(Al)Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)Ca2Mn2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
Forms a series with:

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
29 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with QuartzSiO2
21 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
20 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with PrehniteCa2Al2Si3O10(OH)2
11 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
8 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with CalciteCaCO3
6 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
5 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with Rock CrystalSiO2
4 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
4 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
3 photos of Pumpellyite-(Mg) associated with Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BG.Shuiskite-(Cr)Ca2Cr3+Cr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)Ca(Ce2.5Na0.5)(AlAl2Al)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.MagnesiovesuvianiteCa19MgAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.AlumovesuvianiteCa19AlAl4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.Zoisite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.Vielleaureite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Heflikite(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.Zilbermintsite-(La)(CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Y)(CaY)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon.
9.BG.05aClinozoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bDissakisite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Dollaseite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aHancockite(CaPb)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Khristovite-(Ce)(CaCe)(MgAlMn2+)F[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aMukhinite(CaCa)(AlAlV3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon.
9.BG.05aPiemontite(CaCa)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bManganiandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Tweddillite(CaSr)(Mn3+AlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Niigataite(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Manganiandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Dissakisite-(La)(CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(V3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Uedaite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05aEpidote-(Sr)(CaSr)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Nd)(CaNd)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bUnnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMg)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bUnnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))(CaCe)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bFerriallanite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bÅskagenite-(Nd)(Mn2+Nd)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4]OMon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Piemontite-(Pb)(CaPb)(AlAlMn3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bVanadoallanite-(La)(CaLa)(V3+AlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Ferriandrosite-(La)(Mn2+La)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05Androsite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(AlAlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05Ferriandrosite-(Ce)(Mn2+Ce)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05a vUnnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)(CaCa)(AlAlGa3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bUM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE(Ca0.50.5REE)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
9.BG.05bManganiakasakaite-(La)(CaLa)(Mn3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bFerriakasakaite-(Ce)(CaCe)(Fe3+AlMn2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.05bAllanite-(Sm)(CaSm)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.10Zoisite(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.15MacfalliteCa2Mn3+3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.15SursassiteMn2+2Al3(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20OkhotskiteCa2Mn2+Mn3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)Ca2Fe2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)Ca2Mn2+Al2(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20Shuiskite-(Mg)Ca2MgCr3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Fe3+)Ca2Fe3+Fe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon.
9.BG.20Pumpellyite-(Al)Ca2Al3(Si2O7)(SiO4)(OH,O)2 · H2OMon. 2/m
9.BG.20PoppiiteCa2V3+V3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.20Julgoldite-(Mg)Ca2MgFe3+2[Si2O6OH][SiO4](OH)2(OH)Mon.
9.BG.25GanomalitePb9Ca5Mn(Si2O7)4(SiO4)OHex. 6 : P6
9.BG.25WayneburnhamitePb9Ca6(Si2O7)3(SiO4)3Hex. 6 : P6
9.BG.30RustumiteCa10(Si2O7)2(SiO4)(OH)2Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.BG.35VesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35WiluiteCa19MgAl4(Al,Mg)8(B,◻)4◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(O,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35ManganvesuvianiteCa19Mn3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35FluorvesuvianiteCa19Fe3+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(F,OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35CyprineCa19Cu2+Al4(Al6Mg2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35HongheiteCa19Fe2+Al4(Fe3+,Mg)8(◻4)B[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10]O(OH,O)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Milanriederite(Ca18[REE])Fe3+Al4(Mg4Al4)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)10](OH)(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35Manaevite-(Ce)(Ca13Ce4[H2O]2)Mg(Al3Mg)(Mg3Ti3Fe3+2)(◻4)◻[Si2O7]4[(SiO4)8(H4O4)2]O(OH)9Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.40Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)(Y,Yb)4Al2.5-1.5(Si,Al)1.5-2.5(SiO4)4O(OH)7Mon.
9.BG.45DellaiteCa6Si3O11(OH)2Tric.
9.BG.50Gatelite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/b
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Ferriperbøeite-(Ce)CaCe3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Ferriperbøeite-(La) CaLa3(Fe3+Al2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.50Perbøeite-(La)CaLa3(AlAl2Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]3O(OH)2 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.55Västmanlandite-(Ce)CaCe3(MgAl2Mg)[Si2O7][SiO4]3F(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(La) (CaLa5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite-(Ce)(CaCe5)(Al4Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BG.60Radekškodaite Group(CaM5)([Fe3+Al3]Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

References for Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

Localities for Pumpellyite-(Mg)Hide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • South Australia
    • Eyre Peninsula
      • Whyalla
Peter Elliott- personal comment
Austria
 
  • Styria
    • Liezen District
      • Schladming
        • Giglach valley
          • Giglach lakes
Taucher (1999)
    • Weiz District
      • Anger
        • Rabenwald (Rabenwaldkogel)
Taucher (1997)
  • Vienna
    • Donaustadt
- (n.d.) +1 other reference
Canada
 
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Bomby Township
        • Hemlo gold deposit
Canadian Mineralogist 30
  • Québec
    • Estrie
      • Les Sources RCM
        • Val-des-Sources
179-181. +2 other references
    • Laurentides
      • Argenteuil RCM
        • Grenville-sur-la-Rouge
Horváth Collection XRD & EDS
China
 
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Xilingol League (Xilinguole Prefecture)
      • Erenhot City (Erlianhaote Co.)
Chuanshi Xu and Jianzhen Zhang (1987)
  • Xinjiang
    • Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Aletai Prefecture (Altay Prefecture)
        • Aletai Co. (Altay Co.)
Rui Wang and Yongfeng Zhu (2010)
Czech Republic
 
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Trutnov District
      • Pec pod Sněžkou
Šrein +3 other references
France
 
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Bouches-du-Rhône
      • Aix-en-Provence
        • Peyrolles-en-Provence
Périnet F. (2018)
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Badenweiler
Walenta (1992)
        • Buchenbach
Walenta (1992)
      • Lörrach
        • Malsburg-Marzell
70. +1 other reference
            • Lütschenbach
              • Lütschenbach quarries
Lapis 21 (12)
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Haslach im Kinzigtal
          • Haslach im Kinzigtal
Walenta (1992)
    • Karlsruhe Region
      • Freudenstadt
        • Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach
          • Wildschapbach valley
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Freyung-Grafenau District
        • Röhrnbach
Habel (2009)
      • Passau District
        • Tittling
          • Hötzendorf
Weiß (1990)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Kaiserslautern
      • Otterbach-Otterberg
        • Niederkirchen
Bernard et al. (2004)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Castiglione Chiavarese
        • Campegli
Balestra (2006) +1 other reference
Pagano et al. (2001)
      • Rezzoaglio
Belmonte et al. (2018)
    • La Spezia Province
      • Framura
Odicino (2009) +1 other reference
      • Levanto
Bracco R. et al. (2005) +1 other reference
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Druogno
        • Orcesco
Piccoli et al. (2007)
      • Omegna
        • Brughiere
Albertini (2000) +1 other reference
      • Trontano
        • Pizzo Marcio
Mattioli (1979 a) +4 other references
Appiani et al. (1995) +2 other references
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Wipptal (Alta Vall'Isarco)
        • Franzensfeste (Fortezza)
Folie K.Rocchetti I. (2004)
  • Tuscany
    • Livorno Province
      • Livorno
        • Poggio Corbolone
Marco Bonifazi +1 other reference
    • Metropolitan City of Florence
Batacchi et al. (2015)
    • Pisa Province
      • Santa Luce
Orlandi (2006)
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
    • Ouzu City
      • Hijikawa district
        • Kawabecho Uematsu
Akasaka et al. (Imaizumi)
  • Kanagawa Prefecture
    • Hadano City
Kato & Kishima (1996)
Mexico
 
  • Nuevo León
    • Sabinas Hidalgo Municipality
Rocks and Minerals (1988)
  • Sonora
    • Álamos Municipality
Megaw (2023)
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
      • Brandberg Area
von Bezing (2007)
  • Kunene Region
    • Khorixas
      • Grootberg Mountain
von Bezing (2007)
Norway
 
  • Telemark
    • Kragerø
      • Valberg
Nordrum (1998) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Bashkortostan
Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Olenegorsk
Bazai et al. (2009)
  • Perm Krai
    • Gornozavodskii District
      • Sarany
Ivanov (1975) +1 other reference
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Rimavská Sobota District
Koděra (1986)
  • Bratislava Region
    • Pezinok District
      • Pezinok
Uher P.
Spain
 
  • Basque Country
    • Biscay
      • Fruiz
        • Aldai
Calvo Rebollar (2018)
Switzerland
 
  • Valais
    • Leuk
      • Leuk
Stalder et al. (1998)
      • Salgesch
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Grimentz
          • Moiry Valley
Ansermet et al. (2021)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Penzance
        • Newlyn
Golley et al. (1995)
      • St Goran
        • Gorran Haven
Golley et al. (1995)
USA
 
  • California
    • Fresno County
      • Coalinga
Tsujimori
    • Mendocino County
      • Cloverdale area
Tony Nikischer
      • Coastal Range
        • Laytonville
Chesterman (1966b) +1 other reference
  • Connecticut
    • Litchfield County
      • Woodbury
        • Orenaug Hills
... +1 other reference
  • Maine
King et al. (1994)
    • Washington County
      • Pembroke
King et al. (1994)
      • Perry
ef.: Dana 7:I:320 +1 other reference
  • Michigan
    • Houghton County
      • Adams Township
        • Atlantic Mine
      • Calumet Township
        • Centennial Heights
          • Centennial Mine
Locality description Centennial Mine
Locality description Centennial Mine
      • Elm River Township
        • Twin Lakes
- (2005)
- (2005)
        • Winona
- (2005)
        • Wyandotte
- (2005)
      • Franklin Township
        • Ripley
USGS PP144
      • Osceola Township
www.sauktown sales.com
www.sauktown sales.com
- (2005)
      • Quincy Township
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Allouez Township
- (in part)
        • Ojibway
www.rogers minerals.com
        • Seneca
www.sauktown sales.com
          • Seneca Mine
www.sauktown sales.com
      • Eagle Harbor
Heinrich et al. (2004)
USGS PP144
- (2005)
Yalmer Primeau collection
      • Grant Township
        • Copper Harbor
          • Mosquito Mining District
Personally collected by Paul Brandes in ...
        • Delaware
Bornhorst et al. (1994)
        • Mandan
Heinrich et al. (2004)
      • Houghton Township
        • Central
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
www.sauktown sales.com
        • Phoenix
Personal observation- Jim Daly
self collected at site
      • Isle Royale National Park
Gems and Minerals of America- Jay Ellis ...
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
Heinrich et al. (2004)
    • Ontonagon County
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Greenland Township
        • Greenland
- (2005)
        • Winona
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Mass City
- (2005) +1 other reference
- (2005)
www.sauktown sales. com
- (2005)
www.sauktown sales. com
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Norwich
- (2005)
      • Rockland
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Victoria
- (2005)
  • New Jersey
    • Passaic County
      • Paterson
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
Dunn (1979) +1 other reference
  • Pennsylvania
    • Lebanon County
      • Swatara Township
Grant (Jul, 1974) +3 other references
 
Mineral and/or Locality  
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