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Plattnerite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Plattnerite (347)

Plattnerite Gallery Search Photos of Plattnerite

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Plattnerite

Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico

Plattnerite

Smithsonite Mine, Goodsprings Mining District, Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, USA

Plattnerite

Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico

Plattnerite

Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico

Plattnerite

Smithsonite Mine, Goodsprings Mining District, Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, USA

Plattnerite

Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico

Plattnerite

Ojuela Mine, Mapimí, Mapimí Municipality, Durango, Mexico

Plattnerite

Smithsonite Mine, Goodsprings Mining District, Spring Mountains, Clark County, Nevada, USA

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About PlattneriteHide

Karl F. Plattner

Formula:

PbO₂

Colour:

Jet-black; iron-black, brownish black

Lustre:

Adamantine, Metallic, Dull

Hardness:

5½

Specific Gravity:

9.564

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Member of:

Rutile Group

Name:

Named in 1845 by Karl Wilhelm von Haidinger in honor of Karl Friedrich Plattner (January 2, 1800, Kleinwaltersdorf, Saxony, Germany – January 22, 1858, Freiburg, Saxony, Germany), Professor of Metallurgy and Assaying at the Bergakademie of Freiberg, Saxony, Germany.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Dimorph of:

Scrutinyite

Rutile Group.

One of the formation routes might be a decomposition of a Cu-Fe-Pb oxysulphide precursor (Kucha, 1998).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3237

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3237:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

06c4a38e-57de-4c7c-b546-c9566488d121

IMA Classification of PlattneriteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

Classification of PlattneriteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

4.DB.05

4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
D : Metal: Oxygen = 1:2 and similar
B : With medium-sized cations; chains of edge-sharing octahedra

Dana 8th ed.:

4.4.1.6

4 : SIMPLE OXIDES
4 : AX₂

Hey's CIM Ref.:

7.11.23

7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
11 : Oxides of Sn and Pb

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ptn	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of PlattneriteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine, Metallic, Dull

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Comment:

Becomes dull on oxidation

Colour:

Jet-black; iron-black, brownish black

Streak:

Dark brown

Hardness:

5½ on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

None Observed

Fracture:

Sub-Conchoidal, Fibrous

Density:

9.564 g/cm³ (Measured) 9.563 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PlattneriteHide

Type:

Uniaxial (-)

RI values:

n_ω = 2.350 n_ε = 2.250

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.100

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Anisotropism:

Midnight-blue

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	18.5%	21.3%
420nm	18.4%	21.9%
440nm	18.5%	21.5%
460nm	18.5%	20.2%
480nm	18.5%	19.8%
500nm	18.4%	19.4%
520nm	18.2%	18.9%
540nm	17.9%	18.4%
560nm	17.5%	18.0%
580nm	17.0%	17.4%
600nm	16.5%	16.9%
620nm	16.0%	16.4%
640nm	15.5%	15.9%
660nm	15.0%	15.4%
680nm	14.4%	15.0%
700nm	14.0%	14.5%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 21.9%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

Gray-white

Internal Reflections:

Red-brown

Pleochroism:

Weak

Chemistry of PlattneriteHide

Mindat Formula:

PbO₂

Elements listed:

O, Pb - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of PlattneriteHide

Crystal System:

Tetragonal

Class (H-M):

4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) - Ditetragonal Dipyramidal

Space Group:

P4₂/mnm

Setting:

P4₂/mnm

Cell Parameters:

a = 4.9578(2) Å, c = 3.3878(2) Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 0.683

Unit Cell V:

83.27 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic [001]; also distorted platy. Usually nodular or botryoidal masses. Dense to fibrous, or in concentric shells.

Twinning:

On {011}, as contact and penetration twins, rarely polysynthetic.

Comment:

On synthetic material

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0020161	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	23.5	293
0020162	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	29	293
0020163	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	39	293
0020164	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	62.7	293
0020165	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	75.1	293
0020166	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	93	293
0020167	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	105	293
0020168	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	120	293
0020169	Plattnerite	Grocholski B, Shim S H, Cottrell E, Prakapenka V B (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa American Mineralogist 99 170-177	2014	Synthetic	140	293
0009416	Plattnerite	Baur W H, Khan A A (1971) Rutile-type compounds. VI. SiO2, GeO2 and a comparison with other rutile-type structures Acta Crystallographica B27 2133-2139	1971		0	293
0009716	Plattnerite	D'Antonio P, Santoro A (1980) Powder neutron diffraction study of chemically prepared B-lead dioxide Acta Crystallographica B36 2394-2397	1980	synthetic	0	293
0019244	Plattnerite	Bolzan A A, Fong C, Kennedy B J, Howard C J (1997) Structural studies of rutile-type metal dioxides Acta Crystallographica B53 373-380	1997	synthetic	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Plattnerite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Grocholski B'
'Shim S H'
'Cottrell E'
'Prakapenka V B'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 99 
_journal_year 2014
_journal_page_first 170
_journal_page_last 177
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa
 Note: P = 23.5 GPa
;
_database_code_amcsd 0020161
_chemical_compound_source 'Synthetic'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb O2'
_cell_length_a 5.493
_cell_length_b 6.520
_cell_length_c 3.453
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 123.667
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn     12.847
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P n a m'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,y,1/2-z'
  '-x,-y,1/2+z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,1/2+z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,1/2-z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
Pb   0.26000   0.10000   0.25000
O1   0.31700   0.40900   0.25000
O2   0.08700   0.34600   0.75000

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.500 Å	(100)
2.793 Å	(94)
2.469 Å	(40)
1.855 Å	(80)
1.568 Å	(19)
1.524 Å	(23)
0.823 Å	(20)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere	<0.6
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals	<0.36
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals	<10 Ka
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56)
56 : Slag and smelter minerals (see also #51 and #55)

Type Occurrence of PlattneriteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Technische Universität, Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, number 10045 (type?).

Synonyms of PlattneriteHide

Diplasites plumbicus

Other Language Names for PlattneriteHide

German:Braunbleioxyd
Plattnerit
Schwerbleierz

Russian:Платтнерит

Simplified Chinese:块黑铅矿

Spanish:Plattnerita

Relationship of Plattnerite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Rutile Group

Other Members of this group:

Argutite	GeO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
Cassiterite	SnO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
Paratellurite	TeO₂	Tet. 4 2 2
Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
Rutile	TiO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
Stishovite	SiO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
Tripuhyite	Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
UM2000-35-O:FeNbScTaTi	(Sc,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn)(Ti,Sn,Zr)_1.5(Nb,Ta,W)_1.33O₈

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

128 photos of Plattnerite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
123 photos of Plattnerite associated with Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
58 photos of Plattnerite associated with Wulfenite	Pb(MoO₄)
38 photos of Plattnerite associated with Limonite
36 photos of Plattnerite associated with Smithsonite	ZnCO₃
27 photos of Plattnerite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
24 photos of Plattnerite associated with Rosasite	(Cu,Zn)₂(CO₃)(OH)₂
23 photos of Plattnerite associated with Hydrozincite	Zn₅(CO₃)₂(OH)₆
19 photos of Plattnerite associated with Mimetite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl
19 photos of Plattnerite associated with Murdochite	Cu₁₂Pb₂O₁₅Cl₂

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

4.DB.	Nioboheftetjernite	ScNbO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.	Shakhdaraite-(Y)	ScYNb₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.	Nioboixiolite-(Mn2+)	(Nb_0.67Mn²⁺_0.33)O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.	Nioboixiolite-([])	(Nb_0.8◻_0.2)⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.05	Argutite	GeO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Cassiterite	SnO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Pyrolusite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Rutile	TiO₂	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Tripuhyite	Fe³⁺Sb⁵⁺O₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.05	Tugarinovite	MoO₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.05	Varlamoffite	(Sn,Fe)(O,OH)₂
4.DB.10	Byströmite	MgSb₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nmm
4.DB.10	Tapiolite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.10	Tapiolite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.10	Ordoñezite	ZnSb₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.10	Tredouxite	NiSb₂O₆	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4₂/mnm
4.DB.15b	Akhtenskite	ε-Mn⁴⁺O₂	Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P6₃/mmc
4.DB.15c	Nsutite	(Mn⁴⁺,Mn²⁺)(O,OH)₂	Hex.
4.DB.15a	Paramontroseite	V⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.15a	Ramsdellite	Mn⁴⁺O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.20	Scrutinyite	α-PbO₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25	Ishikawaite	U⁴⁺Fe²⁺Nb₂O₈	Mon.
4.DB.25	Samarskite-(Y)	YFe³⁺Nb₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.25	Srilankite	ZrTi₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.25	Yttrocolumbite-(Y)	Y(U⁴⁺,Fe²⁺)Nb₂O₈
4.DB.25	Calciosamarskite	(Ca,U⁴⁺)Fe³⁺(Nb,Ta,Ti)₂O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.25	Samarskite-(Yb)	YbFe³⁺(Nb,Ta)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.25	Ixiolite-(Fe2+)	(Ta_0.67Fe²⁺_0.33)O₂	Orth.
4.DB.25	Ixiolite-(Mn2+)	(Ta_0.67Mn²⁺_0.33)O₂	Orth.
4.DB.30	Ferberite	FeWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Hübnerite	MnWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Sanmartinite	(Zn,Fe)WO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.30	Krasnoselskite	CoWO₄	Mon.
4.DB.30	Heftetjernite	ScTaO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30	Huanzalaite	MgWO₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.30 va	Wolframite Group
4.DB.30	Rossovskyite	(Fe³⁺,Ta)(Nb,Ti)O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Nb₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Fe)	Fe²⁺Ta₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Mn)	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.35	Columbite-(Mg)	(Mg,Fe,Mn)(Nb,Ta)₂O₆	Orth.
4.DB.35	Qitianlingite	(Fe,Mn)₂(Nb,Ta)₂WO₁₀	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
4.DB.35	Tantalite-(Mg)	(Mg,Fe²⁺)(Ta,Nb)₂O₆	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.40	Ferrowodginite	Fe²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Lithiotantite	LiTa₃O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.40	Lithiowodginite	LiTa₃O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Titanowodginite	Mn²⁺TiTa₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Wodginite	Mn²⁺Sn⁴⁺Ta₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Ferrotitanowodginite	Fe²⁺TiTa₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Tantalowodginite	(Mn²⁺_0.5◻_0.5)TaTa₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
4.DB.40	Wolframowodginite	Mn(Mn,Sn,Fe,Ta)(W,Ta,Nb)₂O₈
4.DB.45	Tivanite	V³⁺TiO₃(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.50	Carmichaelite	(Ti,Cr,Fe)[O_2-x(OH)_x]	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
4.DB.55	Alumotantite	AlTaO₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn
4.DB.60	Biehlite	((Sb,As)O)₂[MoO₄]	Mon. 2/m : B2/b

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for PlattneriteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3237.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for PlattneriteHide

Reference List:

Breithaupt, A. (1837) Bestimmung neuer Mineralien. Journal für praktische Chemie, 10, 501-512 (508-510). (as Schwerbleierz).

Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. II. Ordnung. Baryte VII. Bleibaryt. Plattnerit.. in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Bei Braumüller and Seidel (Wien) 499-506.

Heddle, M.F. (1889) On dudgeonite, hydroplumbite, plumbonacrite, and plattnerite. Mineralogical Magazine, 8, 200-203.

Yeates, W.S., Ayres, E.F. (1892) Plattnerite, and its occurrence near Mullan, Idaho. American Journal of Science: 43: 407-412.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1944) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 1 - Elements, Sulfides, Sulfosalts, Oxides. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.581-583

Garrels, R.M. (1960) Mineral equilibria at low temperature and pressure. Harper and Bros., New York, 254 p.

Takahashi, T. (1960) Supergene alteration of zinc and lead deposits in limestone. Economic Geology: 55: 1083-1115.

White, J.S., Jr. (1966) Plattnerite, a description of the species from natural crystals. Master of Science Thesis, The University of Arizona, 25 pgs.

White, J. (1970) New data for plattnerite. Mineralogical Record, 1, 75-80.

D'Antonio, P., Santoro, A. (1980) Powder neutron diffraction study of chemically prepared β-lead dioxide. Acta Crystallographica, B36, 2394-2397.

Kucha, H. (1998) Plattnerite from Kupferschiefer, Poland, and its meaning for mineralizing conditions. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 68, 279-285.

Burgio, L., Clark, R.J., Firth, S. (2001) Raman spectroscopy as a means for the identification of plattnerite (PbO2), of lead pigments and of their degradation products. Analyst, 126(2), 222-227.

Grocholski, B., Shim, S.H., Cottrell, E., Prakapenka, V.B. (2014) Crystal structure and compressibility of lead dioxide up to 140 GPa. American Mineralogist, 99, 170-177.

Costantini, I., Lottici, P.P., Castro, K., Madariaga, J.M. (2020) Use of Temperature Controlled Stage Confocal Raman Microscopy to Study Phase Transition of Lead Dioxide (Plattnerite). Minerals, 10, 468.

(2023) Plattnerite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for PlattneriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Australia
South Australia Flinders Ranges North Flinders Ranges Arkaroola Region (Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary; Arkaroola Station) Mount Fitton homestead ⓘ Billy Springs Mine (Mount Fitton Mine; 23M; Good Luck Mine)	Noble R.J. +1 other reference
Western Australia Ashburton Shire ⓘ Ashburton Downs Station	[Mandarino +1 other reference
ⓘ Mineral Claim 84 Cu deposit (Anticline prospect)	Grice et al. (1991)
Glen Florrie Station ⓘ Unnamed Quartz Vein	Bridge (1976)
Wyloo Station ⓘ Silent Sisters	Simpson Mineral Collection of the ...
City of Karratha Whim Creek ⓘ Comstock Lode (Colorado)	Annual Report of the Western Australian ...
East Pilbara Shire Braeside lead field ⓘ Devon's Cut	Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references
ⓘ Koogalin Well Mine	Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +4 other references
ⓘ Moxam Well	Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references
ⓘ Ragged Hills Mine	Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +4 other references
ⓘ Wiluna Shire	Ferguson (1999) +1 other reference
Wiluna ⓘ Paroo Station Project	a new category within the class of ... +1 other reference

Austria
Carinthia Völkermarkt District Eisenkappel-Vellach ⓘ Möchling Alp District	G. Niedermayr: Der Hochobir (1999)
Salzburg Zell am See District Rauris Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area Kolm-Saigurn ⓘ Slag localities	Strasser (1989)
ⓘ Astenschmiede slag locality	Niedermayr et al. (2009)

Brazil
Mato Grosso Juína Sorriso river ⓘ Chicória farm	Kaminsky et al. (2015)

Chile
Atacama Copiapó Province Tierra Amarilla ⓘ Dos Adrianas Mine	XRD

Czech Republic
Prague ⓘ Na Slupi site	Ettler et al. (2015)

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Drôme Nyons ⓘ Condorcet	• Martin et al. (2004)
Occitanie Hérault Lodève Lodève ⓘ Mas d'Alary opencast mine	[Le Cahier des Micromonteurs
Lozère Florac Saint-Privat-de-Vallongue ⓘ Cévennes I placers	Dill (2008)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Alpes-Maritimes Nice Belvédère Capelet Mountain ⓘ Vallon des Graus	R. Pierrot
Roure ⓘ Baume des Rances	R. Pierrot
Hautes-Alpes Briançon La Grave Le Grand Clot mine ⓘ Escarcelle vein	R. Pierrot
ⓘ Javanel vein	R. Pierrot
Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine	www.mine-capgaronne.fr (2003) +1 other reference

Germany
Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberschulenberg ⓘ Glücksrad Mine	Gröbner et al. (2011)
Göttingen District Bad Grund Bergstadt Bad Grund Iberg ⓘ Winterberg Quarry	Schnorrer et al. (2002) +1 other reference
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Sundern Bönkhausen ⓘ Churfürst Ernst Mine	Lapis (2)
Cologne Oberbergischer Kreis Engelskirchen Loope ⓘ Castor Mine ?	Habel et al. (2009)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki Lavrion Mining District Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza) ⓘ Kamariza mines (Kamareza mines)	Katerinopoulos et al. (1994)
ⓘ Hilarion Mine
ⓘ Kamariza Dump	LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference
Mercati mines ⓘ Christiana Mine	Fritz Schreiber collection
ⓘ Verzeko mines	Branko Rieck collection
Elafos ⓘ Elafos mines	Lapis et al. (1999)
Km 3 Km 3 mines ⓘ Km 3 open pit
Legrena Valley Megala Pefka Mines ⓘ Megala Pefka Mine No. 28 ("Sigia Mine")	Lapis et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Soureza Mines ⓘ Drogosis Mine	Branko Rieck collection
Lophos Agrileza mines ⓘ Fernando Mine No. 1	62 +2 other references
ⓘ Maria Mine
Lavrion slag localities ⓘ Harakas Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
ⓘ Passa Limani Cove slag locality	Gelaude et al. (1996)
South Aegean Thira Santorini Island ⓘ Akrotiri	Sotiropoulou et al. (2010)

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	Sørensen (2001) +1 other reference

Iran
Isfahan Province Isfahan County Esfahan (Isfahan) ⓘ Chah Kuh	Wilke (1977)
Nain County Anarak District ⓘ Chah Khouni Mine	Bariand
Chah Milleh (Chah-Mileh; Tchah-Mille) ⓘ Chah Milleh Mine (Chah Mileh Mine; Tchah-Mille Mine)	Wilke (1977)
ⓘ Detchah Mine	Fred Pough specimen
ⓘ Nakhlak Mine (Madan-e Nakhlak; Ma'dan-e-Nahlak)	Wilke (1977)
Sistan and Baluchestan Province Iranshahr County Bazman Volcano ⓘ Chahnaly deposit (Chahnali prospect)	Ali Sholeh et al. (2016)
Yazd Province Bafq County ⓘ Ahmad Abad Mine	Javanshir. A. 2007. Mineralogy et al. (Mo)
Taft County ⓘ Darreh Zanjir Mine	M Nazari collection

Italy
Lombardy Bergamo Province Camerata Cornello ⓘ Cespedosio	Bertolini A. Rivista Mineralogica ...
Dossena ⓘ Paglio Pignolino Mine	G.M.Gramaccioli
ⓘ Gorno	Gianni Peracchi collection
Oltre il Colle Vedra Valley Zorzone ⓘ Zorzone Mine
Parre ⓘ Trevasco Mount	Maida (2002)
Sondrio Province ⓘ Malenco Valley	Lapis (10)
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Lessolo Calea ⓘ Brosso Mine ?	www.webmineralshop.com (2001)
Sardinia Sassari Province Ozieri ⓘ Su Elzu	Olmi F. et al. (1995)
South Sardinia Province Gonnesa ⓘ Punta della Torre Mine	Stara et al. (1996)
Iglesias Bindua ⓘ San Giovanni Mine
ⓘ Seddas Moddizzis Mine	Gian Claudio Lecca find & collection
Nuxis ⓘ Sa Marchesa Mine	Silviana & Franco Sanna collection

Jordan
Amman Governorate Transjordan Plateau Daba-Siwaqa complex Hashem region Lisdan-Siwaga Fault Siwaga Tulul al Hammam ⓘ Unnamed marble quarries	Sokol +9 other references

Mexico
Chihuahua Aquiles Serdán Municipality Santa Eulalia Mining District East Camp ⓘ San Antonio Mine	Megaw
Coahuila Sierra Mojada Municipality ⓘ Sierra Mojada	Megaw (2023)
Durango Mapimí Municipality Mapimí ⓘ Ojuela Mine	Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +4 other references
ⓘ America Poniente	Thomas P. Moore (2008)
ⓘ La Esperanza	Thomas P. Moore (2008)
ⓘ San Luis Potosí

Namibia
Kunene Region Opuwo Rural ⓘ Van der Plas Mine	Brandstätter +4 other references
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Gebhard (1999)

Norway
Telemark Drangedal Tørdal ⓘ Heftetjern pegmatite	Kristiansen (2017)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship ⓘ Legnica County	Kucha H.
ⓘ Lubin–Głogów mining district	Piestrzyński et al. (2012)
Lubin County ⓘ Lubin	Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
ⓘ Lubin Główny shafts (Lubin mine)	Kucha (1998)

Portugal
Beja Moura Sobral da Adiça ⓘ Preguiça Mine	Pimentel et al. (2007)

Republic of the Congo
Pool Department Mindouli District ⓘ Mindouli	Marcus Naumann collection (SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch)

Russia
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov et al. (1998)
Plastovsky District ⓘ Plast	Andrey Vishnevskiy/Novosibirsk State ...
Krasnoyarsk Krai Enisei Range (Yenisei Ridge; Enisei Ridge) ⓘ Olimpiada Mine	Silyanov et al. (2021)
Magadan Oblast Omsukchansky District Ducat ore field ⓘ Ducat Mine (Dukat Mine)	Filimonova et al. (2010)
Engteri ore cluster ⓘ Dzhulietta deposit	Пальянова et al. (2016)
ⓘ Julietta deposit	Palyanova et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Primorskoe deposit ⓘ Teplyi	Savva et al. (2019)
Murmansk Oblast Pechengsky District ⓘ Pechenga Ni-Cu ore field	Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data
Republic of Karelia ⓘ Pitkyaranta mining district (Pitkäranta mining district)	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
ⓘ Old Mining Field	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
Pitkyarantsky District Kitelya ⓘ Kitelskoe Sn-Zn deposit (Kitelsk; Kitelskoye)	Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
Sakhalin Oblast Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands) Kurilsky District Iturup Island ⓘ Kudriavy volcano	maurice.strahlen.org (2004)

South Africa
Mpumalanga Nkangala District Municipality Victor Khanye Local Municipality Delmas ⓘ Argent	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Dwarsfontein Farm Transvaal Mine ⓘ East Trench	SAMS (South African Micromount Society)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Madibeng Local Municipality Brits Leeuwenkloof Farm ⓘ Leeuwenkloof Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)

Spain
Andalusia Granada Albuñol ⓘ Fabiola Mine (Balduino y Fabiola Mine)	José Miguel Sola
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife ⓘ Barranco Hondo	Dill et al. (2023)
ⓘ Poris de Abona	Dill et al. (2023)
Cantabria Peñarrubia Piñeres ⓘ Hozarco Mine (Desfiladero de La Hermida)	Calvo (2009)
Sierra de Arnero ⓘ La Florida mining area	Calvo (2009)
Rionansa (Herrerías) ⓘ La Cuerre Mine	Calvo (2009)
Udías Cobijón Sel del Haya ⓘ Hermosa Mine	Calvo (2009) +1 other reference
Catalonia Tarragona Priorat Bellmunt del Priorat ⓘ La Cresta mine	Joan Abella i Creus (2008)

Switzerland
Valais Conthey Nendaz Siviez ⓘ Siviez Mines	Lapis 3/2008 (ad)
Martigny Mont Chemin mining district ⓘ Crettaz Mine ?

Thailand
Yala Province Bannang Sata District Tham Thalu ⓘ Guatomo Mine ('Hat Yai' mimetite locality)	Marco P. Sacchi (2017) +1 other reference

UK
England Cornwall Crantock ⓘ The Gannel Smelter slag locality ?	BMS Newsletter 79 (http://britishmicromountsociety.homestead.com/Gannell-Smelter.html)
County Durham Stanhope ⓘ Bollihope lead smelter slag locality ?	Norman Wilson collection
Derbyshire Bolsover District Hodthorpe and Belph ⓘ Whitwell Quarry	Peter J. Briscoe et al. (2021)
Northumberland Allendale ⓘ Dirt Pot Lead Smelt Mill slag locality ?	Norman Wilson collection
Somerset Mendip Cranmore ⓘ Torr Works Quarry	Turner et al. (2010)
Priddy ⓘ Higher Pitts Mine	Burr (1996)
Scotland Dumfries and Galloway Wanlockhead ⓘ Meadowfoot Smelter slag locality ?	Green (1987) +1 other reference
Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch ⓘ Belton Grain vein
ⓘ High Pirn Mine (Belton Grain Vein and New Vein)
ⓘ New Vein
South Lanarkshire ⓘ Leadhills (TL)	Haidinger W (1845)
Mine Hill-Broad Law ⓘ Raiks Vein (incl. Broadlaw Low Level)
ⓘ Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein)	XRD University Of Manitoba 2011

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Anthony et al. (1995)
Hendricks Gulch ⓘ Southwest Mine	Graeme (1993)
ⓘ Shattuck Mine	Minrecord 24:421-436
ⓘ Charleston	Ron Layton self collected
Cochise Mining District Dragoon ⓘ Unnamed W-Cu prospect	Luetcke (n.d.)
Sulphur Springs Valley Pearce Hills Pearce Mining District Pearce ⓘ Commonwealth Mine (Pearce Mine; Silver Ware Mine; Brockman Mine; Smith Mine; Rinaud Mine; Ritter Mine; Eisenhart vein)	Luetcke (n.d.)
Turquoise Mining District (Courtland-Gleeson Mining District) Gleeson Costello Mine group ⓘ Defiance Mine	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
ⓘ Silver Bill Mine	Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references
Tejon group (Tejon Mining Company property) ⓘ Tom Scott Mine	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Great Western Group ⓘ Mary Mine	Luetcke (n.d.)
ⓘ Warren Mining District	Bideaux et al. (1960) +2 other references
Gila County Banner Mining District Hayden area Chilito ⓘ 79 Mine	Keith (1972) +1 other reference
Greenlee County Morenci ⓘ Morenci Mine	Luetcke (n.d.)
La Paz County New Water Mountains New Water Mining District Moore Mine group ⓘ Eagle Eye Mine	Jungles collection specimen
Silver Mining District ⓘ North Geronimo Mine	Luetcke (n.d.)
ⓘ Red Cloud Mine	Rocks & Min.: 61:55-56 +3 other references
Maricopa County Osborn Mining District Tonopah Belmont Mountain ⓘ Tonopah-Belmont Mine	MinRec 19 (3)
Pima County Empire Mountains Empire Mining District Hilton (Lead Mountain) Copper Camp Hilton Mines Prince Mine group ⓘ Chief Mine (Chief claim)	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Lone Mountain Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
The Narrows Cienega Creek ⓘ Total Wreck Mine	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Gunsight Mining District (Meyer Mining District) ⓘ Gunsight Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
Tucson Mountains Amole Mining District Tucson Mountain District Saguaro National Park ⓘ Old Yuma Mine (Yuma Mine)	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Waterman Mining District Silver Hill Mining District Silver Hill ⓘ Silver Hill Mine group	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Pinal County Mammoth Mining District Tiger St. Anthony deposit ⓘ Mammoth-Saint Anthony Mine	SXRD confirmed by Dr. Yang
Santa Cruz County ⓘ Hilton Mine	Anthony et al. (1995)
Tyndall Mining District Cottonwood Canyon Glove Mine group (Zombie & Zeco claims; Festiago-Franklin; Blacksmith adit) ⓘ Glove Mine (Sunrise Mine)	Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
California Inyo County Inyo Mts (Inyo Range) Malpais Mesa ⓘ Santa Rosa Mine (Lee-Santa Rosa Mine; Santa Rosa Mines)	Adams (2017)
Russ Mining District Reward ⓘ Reward Mine	Adams (2010) +1 other reference
Nopah Range Upper Noonday Camp Shoshone Mines (Shoshone Mines group; Shoshone Mine group; Grant Mine; Mabel Mine; Black Prince Mine) ⓘ Noonday Mine (Grant Mine)	Robert M. Housley (2005)
ⓘ War Eagle Mine	Robert M. Housley (2005)
Panamint Mts (Panamint Range) Carbonate Mining District Warm Spring ⓘ Queen of Sheba Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 184. +2 other references
Riverside County Jurupa Valley Crestmore ⓘ Crestmore quarries	[micromounts@yahoogroups.com]
San Bernardino County Barstow Mining District Barstow Lead Mountain [2] ⓘ Lead Mountain Mine (Main Barite Mine)	www.mineralsocal.org +1 other reference
Silver Lake Mining District Soda Mountains Baker Otto Mountain ⓘ SW cut	Collected by and in the collection of ...
Zzyzx ⓘ Blue Bell Mine	The Blue Bell Claims San Bernardino ...
Colorado Clear Creek County Georgetown District ⓘ Gabanta (Ashby; Colorado Central; Everett; Snow Drift; Silver Plume; Hall; Iris; Scott; Peru; Lebanon)	Eckel et al. (1997)
El Paso County Cheyenne Mining District (St. Peters Dome Mining District) ⓘ St Peters Dome	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County Middletown ⓘ Middletown lead mines (Middletown Mine)	Schooner (circa 1980s)
Idaho Lemhi County Gilmore Mining District (Texas Mining District) Gilmore ⓘ Democrat Mine	Ream (1995)
Spring Mountain Mining District ⓘ Iron Mask Mine (Valley View) ?	Ream (2004)
Shoshone County ⓘ Bunker Hill Mine	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Caledonia Mine	Rocks & Min. 70:261
Hunter Mining District ⓘ Morning Mine	Dana 7:I:582.
ⓘ Morning No. 6 adit	- (2005)
ⓘ You-Like Mine	Geology & Ore Deposits of the Coeur d' ...
ⓘ Last Chance Mine	Ream (1995)
Lelande Mining District ⓘ Hercules Mine	Ream (1995)
ⓘ Standard-Mammoth Mine	Rocks & Min. 70:262 +1 other reference
Placer Center Mining District ⓘ Tamarack and Custer Mine	Ream (2004)
ⓘ Senator Stewart Mine	Ream (2004)
Montana Broadwater County Radersburg Mining District (Cedar Plains Mining District; Lone Mountain Mining District) ⓘ Blackhawk Mine (Blackhawk Occurrence)	Gobla (2012)
ⓘ James R. Lee Mine	Chris Tucker
ⓘ Jo Jo Mine	Chris Tucker
ⓘ North Home Mine	Gobla (2012)
ⓘ Summit Mine	Chris Tucker Collection
Nevada Clark County Spring Mountains Goodsprings Mining District Goodsprings ⓘ Yellow Pine Mine (Yellow Pine Lead Zinc Mine; Hilo; Radio; Como; Hermes)	Collected in recent years by D. Kim ...
ⓘ Milford No. 3 Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Mobile Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Ruth Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Shenandoah Mine	David Fryauff Collection
ⓘ Smithsonite Mine	Thorne (n.d.)
ⓘ Whale Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Eureka County Diamond Mining District ⓘ Diamond mine	Yedlin (1972)
Eureka Mining District ⓘ Black Diamond mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Prospect Ridge ⓘ Diamond mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Lincoln County Ely Springs Mining District ⓘ Dave Matthews property	Castor et al. (2004)
Nye County Gabbs Mining District ⓘ Downeyville Mines (Downieville Mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
White Pine County Muncy Creek Mining District ⓘ Grand Deposit mine	Min News (1993)
New Mexico Grant County ⓘ Central Mining District (Bayard District)	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Georgetown Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Georgetown ⓘ Alhambra Mine	2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Forgotten Group Mine	2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Mimbres mines group	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Commercial Cramer Mine	Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 34-43
Hidalgo County Peloncillo Mountains San Simon Mining District Granite Gap ⓘ Bob Montgomery Claim Group	R&M 77:5 p298-305 +1 other reference
ⓘ Bob Montgomery Mine	Twenty-fourth Annual New Mexico Mineral ...
ⓘ World's Fair Claim Group	R&M 77:5 p298-305
Luna County ⓘ Cookes Peak Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Santa Fe County ⓘ Cerrillos District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Mina del Tiro	5th Annual New Mexico Mineral Symposium (1985) +1 other reference
ⓘ New Placers District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Carnahan Mine (Lincoln-Lucky Mine)	M Massis collection
Socorro County ⓘ Hansonburg District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Bingham ⓘ Blanchard Mine	M Massis collection
ⓘ Sunshine No. 4 Adit	Min News 21:8 p 8
ⓘ Sunshine No. 6 Adit	Jerry Cone Collection
ⓘ Mex-Tex Mine	[Mineralogical Record 30:337]
Magdalena Mining District ⓘ Kelly Mine	Patrick Haynes
South Dakota Lawrence County ⓘ Carbonate Mining District	Smith et al. (2000)
ⓘ Galena Mining District	Smith et al. (2000)
Spearfish ⓘ Iron Hill Mine (Richmond Hill; Richmond Hill Manganese; Utica Lode)	Rocks & Min.:60:112.
Utah Box Elder County ⓘ Tecoma Hill	R&M 68:6 p381-393
ⓘ Tecoma Mine (Old Tecoma Mine)	Collection of Alex Earl
Juab County Tintic Mining District Eureka ⓘ Centennial Eureka Mine	Marty et al. (1993)
Salt Lake County Little Cottonwood Mining District Alta ⓘ Continental-Alta occurrence (City Rocks)	USGS Bull 340D
Tooele County Ophir Mining District Jacob City ⓘ Hidden Treasure Mine	Min News 9:10 p1 +1 other reference

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