Zwieselite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Zwieselite
Formula:
Fe2+2(PO4)F
Colour:
Dark brown; black (altered)
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3.89 - 3.97
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1841 by August Breithaupt for the town of Zwiesel (Bavaria, Germany) where the mineral was found.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4436
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4436:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
fef86f2d-ebff-4997-b906-c7fe1ce97b3a
IMA Classification of Zwieselite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
First published:
1841
Approval history:
Redefined IMA03-C.
Classification of Zwieselite
8.BB.10
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
B : Phosphates, etc., with additional anions, without H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations, (OH, etc.):RO4 about 1:1
41.6.1.1
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
41 : ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES, ETC.CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
6 : A2(XO4)Zq
22.1.25
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
1 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with fluoride
22 : Phosphates, Arsenates or Vanadates with other Anions
1 : Phosphates, arsenates or vanadates with fluoride
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Zwi | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Zwieselite
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark brown; black (altered)
Streak:
White to tan
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
{001} good, {010} fair, {100} poor.
{001} good, {010} fair, {100} poor.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
3.89 - 3.97 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.92 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Zwieselite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.686 - 1.696 nβ = 1.690 - 1.704 nγ = 1.703 - 1.713
2V:
Measured: 58° , Calculated: 60°
Birefringence:
0.017
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.017
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Dispersion:
r > v
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Yellow brown to reddish brown.
Chemistry of Zwieselite
Mindat Formula:
Fe2+2(PO4)F
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Mg,Ca
Crystallography of Zwieselite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.085 Å, b = 6.536 Å, c = 9.910 Å
β = 105.63°
β = 105.63°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.849 : 1 : 1.516
Unit Cell V:
753.82 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Usually massive, morphological crystals unknown.
Comment:
I2/a
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0012458 | Zwieselite | Yakubovich O V, Simonov M A, Matvienko E N, Belov N V (1978) The crystal structure of the synthetic finite Fe-term of the series triplite - zwieselite Fe2(PO4)F Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR 238 576-579 | 1978 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.695 Å | (50) |
| 3.431 Å | (40) |
| 3.257 Å | (70) |
| 3.053 Å | (90) |
| 2.874 Å | (100) |
| 2.120 Å | (40) |
| 2.024 Å | (40) |
Comments:
Horni Slavkov, Czech Republic.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites |
Type Occurrence of Zwieselite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
No designated type specimen.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite pegmatite.
Reference:
Breithaupt, J.F.A. (1841) Phyletites ferrosus oder Zwiselit. Vollständige Handbuch der Mineralogie. Vol. 2: 299-300.
Synonyms of Zwieselite
Other Language Names for Zwieselite
Relationship of Zwieselite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F | Mon. 2/m |
| Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P2/b |
| Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 5 photos of Zwieselite associated with Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| 5 photos of Zwieselite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Zwieselite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
| 2 photos of Zwieselite associated with Muscovite | KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
| 2 photos of Zwieselite associated with Phosphosiderite | FePO4 · 2H2O |
| 2 photos of Zwieselite associated with Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 2 photos of Zwieselite associated with Rittmannite | {(Mn2+,Ca)}{Mn2+}{(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)2}{(Al,Fe3+)2}(PO4)4(OH)2 · 8H2O |
| 1 photo of Zwieselite associated with Benyacarite | (H2O)2Mn2Ti2Fe3+(PO4)4(OF)(H2O)10 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Zwieselite associated with Beryl | Be3Al2(Si6O18) |
| 1 photo of Zwieselite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.BB. | Tilasite | CaMg(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB.X | Arsenowagnerite | Mg2(AsO4)F |
| 8.BB. | Moabite | NiFe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB. | Karlditmarite | Cu9O4(PO4)2(SO4)2 |
| 8.BB. | Milkovoite | Cu4O(PO4)(AsO4) |
| 8.BB. | Paulgrothite | Cu9Fe3+O4(PO4)4Cl3 |
| 8.BB.05 | Amblygonite | LiAl(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.05 | Montebrasite | LiAl(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.05 | Tavorite | LiFe3+(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.10 | Triplite | Mn2+2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Sarkinite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Triploidite | Mn2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Wagnerite | (Mg,Fe2+)2(PO4)F |
| 8.BB.15 | Wolfeite | Fe2+2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Stanĕkite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Fe3+(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Joosteite | Mn2+(Mn3+,Fe3+)(PO4)O |
| 8.BB.15 | Hydroxylwagnerite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.15 | Unnamed (Sb-analogue of Auriacusite) | Fe3+Cu2+[(Sb,As)O4]O |
| 8.BB.20 | Holtedahlite | Mg2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.20 | Satterlyite | (Fe2+,Mg,Fe)12(PO4)5(PO3OH)(OH,O)6 |
| 8.BB.25 | Althausite | Mg4(PO4)2(OH,O)(F,◻) |
| 8.BB.30 | Adamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Eveite | Mn2+2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Libethenite | Cu2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Olivenite | Cu2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolibethenite | CuZn(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Zincolivenite | CuZn(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.30 | Auriacusite | Fe3+Cu2+(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.35 | Paradamite | Zn2(AsO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.35 | Tarbuttite | Zn2(PO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.40 | Barbosalite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Hentschelite | CuFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Lazulite | MgAl2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Scorzalite | Fe2+Al2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.40 | Wilhelmkleinite | ZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Trolleite | Al4(PO4)3(OH)3 |
| 8.BB.45 | Yaroshevskite | Cu9O2(VO4)4Cl2 |
| 8.BB.45 | Dokuchaevite | Cu8O2(VO4)3Cl3 |
| 8.BB.50 | Namibite | Cu(BiO)2(VO4)(OH) |
| 8.BB.50 | Aleutite | [Cu5O2](AsO4)(VO4) · (Cu,K,Pb,Rb,Cs,)Cl |
| 8.BB.52a | Ericlaxmanite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.52b | Kozyrevskite | Cu4O(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.55 | Phosphoellenbergerite | (Mg,◻)2Mg12(PO4,PO3OH)6(PO3OH,CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 8.BB.55 | Popovite | Cu5O2(AsO4)2 |
| 8.BB.60 | Urusovite | CuAl(AsO4)O |
| 8.BB.65 | Theoparacelsite | Cu3(As2O7)(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.70 | Turanite | Cu5(VO4)2(OH)4 |
| 8.BB.75 | Stoiberite | Cu5(VO4)2O2 |
| 8.BB.80 | Fingerite | Cu11(VO4)6O2 |
| 8.BB.85 | Averievite | Cu6(VO4)2O2Cl2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Lipscombite | Fe2+Fe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Richellite | CaFe3+2(PO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 8.BB.90 | Zinclipscombite | ZnFe3+2(PO4)2(OH)2 |
Fluorescence of Zwieselite
Not fluorescent in UV.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Zwieselite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4436.html
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References for Zwieselite
Localities for Zwieselite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Gay et al. (1994) |
| Fernando Colombo et al. (2018) |
Australia | |
| |
| Johnson (1956) |
| |
| Kampf et al. (2018) |
| Lottermoser et al. (1997) |
| Eagle et al. (2015) |
| W. Birch 1996 AJM 2 (2) |
Canada | |
| DIXON et al. (2014) |
Czech Republic | |
| Petr Pauliš (2000) +1 other reference |
| Staně +4 other references |
| Novák et al. (2008) | |
| Staněk | |
| Škoda +1 other reference |
Finland | |
| Pertti Hyvärinen collection |
France | |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) |
| - (1998) | |
| - (1998) |
| - (1998) |
| perso.wanadoo.fr (2004) | |
| Guitard (2010) |
Germany | |
| Habel (2009) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Min Mag 31 (1957) +1 other reference |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Obermüller et al. (1993) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Fehr et al. (1985) |
| Dill et al. (2009) |
| Dill H.G.: "Mineralogical and chemical ... +1 other reference |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) | |
| Dill et al. (2008) | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thomas et al. (2000) |
| Frank Zschäbitz et al. (2011) |
Namibia | |
| P. Keller and O. von Knorring |
| Contrib Mineral Petrol (1986) |
Portugal | |
| Raade et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Keck et al. (1998) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1991) |
| Leal Gomes et al. (2009) |
| |
Spain | |
| Roda-Robles et al. (2010) |
Sweden | |
| Smeds et al. (1998) |
| Smeds et al. (1998) |
| Swedish Museum of Natural History (Naturarv database) |
UK | |
| |
USA | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Gene Foord |
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Sítio do Castelo Mine, Folgosinho, Gouveia, Guarda, Portugal