Krieselite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Krieselite
Friedrich W. Kriesel
Formula:
Al2(GeO4)F2
Some of the Al is replaced by Ga, and some of the F by OH.
Colour:
Beige to white
Lustre:
Greasy
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.069 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named in honour of Friedrich Wilhelm Kriesel (7 September 1888 - 20 September 1927), who was the chief chemist and head of the Tsumeb mine laboratory around 1920.
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
27545
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:27545:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
62494a32-4673-4553-b7d3-fa388c8f39b0
Classification of Krieselite
Approved
Approval year:
2003
First published:
2010
Type description reference:
9.AF.20
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Kes | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Krieselite
Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Beige to white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN100=473 - 566 - Vickers
Density:
4.069 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Krieselite
Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
n = 1.757
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.000
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Comments:
The main refractive index calculated from the Gladstone-Dale relationship.
Chemical Properties of Krieselite
Formula:
Al2(GeO4)F2
Some of the Al is replaced by Ga, and some of the F by OH.
Some of the Al is replaced by Ga, and some of the F by OH.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
C
Crystallography of Krieselite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.1111 Å, b = 8.5276 Å, c = 4.8064 Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.068 : 1 : 0.564
Unit Cell V:
374 ų
Z:
4
Morphology:
Observed forms: {001} and ~{110}.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0006702 | Krieselite | Wunder B, Marler B (1997) Ge-analogues of aluminium silicates: High-pressure synthesis and properties of orthorhombic Al2GeO4(OH)2 European Journal of Mineralogy 9 1147-1158 | 1997 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0018650 | Krieselite | Marler B, Wunder B (1998) Crystal structure of dialuminium dihydroxogermanate, Al2GeO4(OH)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 213 3-3 | 1998 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.811 Å | (78) |
| 3.315 Å | (48) |
| 3.016 Å | (100) |
| 2.464 Å | (24) |
| 2.417 Å | (27) |
| 2.247 Å | (38) |
| 1.398 Å | (29) |
Comments:
From type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Krieselite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Hemispherical aggregates and crusts. Fibers are up to 50 × 5 μm and form wedge-shaped aggregates of fine lamellae.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Mineralogical Museum of the University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In tiny vugs of tennantite-chalcocite-galena-germanite ore.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Schlüter, J., Geisler, T., Pohl, D., Thomas, S. (2010): Krieselite, Al2GeO4(F,OH)2: A new mineral from the Tsumeb mine, Namibia, representing the Ge analogue of topaz. Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie - Abhandlungen, 187, 33-40.
Synonyms of Krieselite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 3 photos of Krieselite associated with Plumbogummite | PbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6 |
| 2 photos of Krieselite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 2 photos of Krieselite associated with Tennantite-(Zn) | Cu6(Cu4Zn2)As4S12S |
| 1 photo of Krieselite associated with Philipsbornite | PbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| 9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.05 | Xenolite | Al10Si8O31 | |
| 9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
| 9.AF.10 | Kanonaite | Mn3+Al(SiO4)O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm |
| 9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| 9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbam |
| 9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 | Orth. mm2 : Cmc21 |
| 9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| 9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.AF.30 | Staurolite | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
| 9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| 9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | (Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.50 | Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite) | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.50 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite) | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. |
| 9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.55 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.60 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| 9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| 9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
| 9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Welinite | Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 | Trig. 3 : P3 |
| 9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 | Hex. 6 : P63 |
| 9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
| 9.AF.85 | Ottrélite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 | Mon. |
| 9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca |
| 9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Krieselite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-27545.html
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References for Krieselite
Reference List:
Localities for Krieselite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Namibia (TL) | |
|
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Tsumeb Mine, Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia