Hydroxylclinohumite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hydroxylclinohumite
Formula:
Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
a n=4 member of the humite polysomatic series
Colour:
Pale yellow to orange-yellow, almost colourless.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Dull
Hardness:
6½
Specific Gravity:
3.13
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
In allusion to its chemical composition and crystal structure as the HYDROXYL-dominant, monoCLINic member of the group and its relationship to humite which was named after Sir Abraham Hume (1749-1838), English connoisseur and collector of gems, minerals and artwork.
Isostructural with:
Hydroxylclinohumite is a monoclinic member of the humite group. It forms a continuous series towards clinohumite. The name "clinohumite" has commonly been used as a default when the F/OH ratio has not been determined. Since hydroxylclinohumite was approved as a separate mineral (1998), it has become apparent that hydroxylclinohumite is much more common than indicated in the literature and locality entries in Mindat. It should also be noted that some of the published analyses (Luc Yen, Vietnam and Kukh-i-Lal,Tajikistan) are very close to the borderline between the two minerals, and both of these minerals are probably present at many localities.
Hydroxylclinohumite often contain some Ti and the varietal name titanoclinohumite (older literature uses the name "titanolivine" for this variety) is commonly used. Zambonini (1919) came to the conclusion that "titanolivine" from Ala Valley (Piedmont, Italy) is a titanian clinohumite very rich in OH and pratically F-free; therefore, he proposed, unsuccessfully, to substitute the name "titanolivine" with "titanhydroclinohumite" or "hydroclinohumite titanifère" (the species hydroxylclinohumite has been instituted in 1998 only). Humite group minerals found in metamorphosed serpentinites are often hydroxylclinohumite.
It is difficult to distinguish minerals in the humite group, as they largely occur in the same environments and localities. Their physical and optical appearances are also similar, as is the occurrence as rounded crystals or anhedral grains. A quantitative chemical analysis (electron microprobe) combined with structural analyses (XRD) seem to be required to identify individual humite-group species with absolute certainty. It is therefore quite possible that some of the locality entries and photos may be incorrectly identified as hydroxylclinohumite.
Hydroxylclinohumite often contain some Ti and the varietal name titanoclinohumite (older literature uses the name "titanolivine" for this variety) is commonly used. Zambonini (1919) came to the conclusion that "titanolivine" from Ala Valley (Piedmont, Italy) is a titanian clinohumite very rich in OH and pratically F-free; therefore, he proposed, unsuccessfully, to substitute the name "titanolivine" with "titanhydroclinohumite" or "hydroclinohumite titanifère" (the species hydroxylclinohumite has been instituted in 1998 only). Humite group minerals found in metamorphosed serpentinites are often hydroxylclinohumite.
It is difficult to distinguish minerals in the humite group, as they largely occur in the same environments and localities. Their physical and optical appearances are also similar, as is the occurrence as rounded crystals or anhedral grains. A quantitative chemical analysis (electron microprobe) combined with structural analyses (XRD) seem to be required to identify individual humite-group species with absolute certainty. It is therefore quite possible that some of the locality entries and photos may be incorrectly identified as hydroxylclinohumite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
7729
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:7729:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
48173bbd-652c-4867-a6ea-feed0ac923f3
IMA Classification of Hydroxylclinohumite
Approved
Approval year:
1998
First published:
1999
Classification of Hydroxylclinohumite
9.AF.55
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
A : Nesosilicates
F : Nesosilicates with additional anions; cations in [4], [5] and/or only [6] coordination
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Hchu | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Hydroxylclinohumite
Vitreous, Dull
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Pale yellow to orange-yellow, almost colourless.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
6½ on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN60=732 - 747 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Cleavage:
None Observed
None
None
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Conchoidal
Density:
3.13 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.14 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hydroxylclinohumite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.631 nβ = 1.641 nγ = 1.664
2V:
Measured: 70° , Calculated: 68°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.033
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = yellow, Z = colorless.
Chemistry of Hydroxylclinohumite
Mindat Formula:
Mg9(SiO4)4(OH)2
a n=4 member of the humite polysomatic series
a n=4 member of the humite polysomatic series
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | Mg8.58Fe0.24 Mn0.03 B0.14 Zn0.02Ti0.04(Si0.99O4)4O0.16F0.04(OH)1.80. |
| 2 | (Mg0.69Ti0.29Fe0.02)?1.00Mg7.91(SiO4)4.08[(OH)1.10F0.53O0.37]?2.00; ideal formula: (Mg0.7Ti0.3)?1Mg8.0(SiO4)4[(OH)1.2F0.5O0.3]2) |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kukh-i-Lal, Pyandzh River Valley, Gorno-Badakhshan, Tajikistan | ||
| 2 | Luc Yen Mine, Lục Yên District, Yên Bái Province, Vietnam | " " |
Crystallography of Hydroxylclinohumite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 13.6894(3) Å, b = 4.748(1) Å, c = 10.273(2) Å
β = 100.63°
β = 100.63°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.883 : 1 : 2.164
Unit Cell V:
656.06 ų
Z:
2
Twinning:
[Not reported, but clinohumite showns twinning on {100}.]
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000301 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Robinson K, Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H (1973) The crystal structures of the humite minerals. IV. Clinohumite and titanclinohumite American Mineralogist 58 43-49 |  | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000302 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Robinson K, Gibbs G V, Ribbe P H (1973) The crystal structures of the humite minerals. IV. Clinohumite and titanoclinohumite American Mineralogist 58 43-49 | | 1973 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000668 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Fujino K, Takeuchi Y (1978) Crystal chemistry of titanian chondrodite and titanian clinohumite of high-pressure origin American Mineralogist 63 535-543 | | 1978 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002626 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Berry A J, James M (2001) Refinement of hydrogen positions in synthetic hydroxyl-clinohumite by powder neutron diffraction American Mineralogist 86 181-184 | | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002660 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | | 2001 | 0 | 295 | |
| 0002661 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | | 2001 | 0 | 100 | |
| 0002662 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Friedrich A, Lager G A, Kunz M, Chakoumakos B C, Smyth J R, Schultz A J (2001) Temperature-dependent single-crystal neutron diffraction study of natural chondrodite and clinohumite American Mineralogist 86 981-989 | | 2001 | 0 | 20 | |
| 0005091 | Hydroxylclinohumite | Kocman V, Rucklidge J C (1973) The crystal structure of a titaniferous clinohumite The Canadian Mineralogist 12 39-45 | | 1973 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 13.9 Å | (10) |
| 6.73 Å | (6) |
| 5.05 Å | (70) |
| 4.49 Å | (5) |
| 4.46 Å | (52) |
| 4.29 Å | (11) |
| 4.18 Å | (11) |
| 3.88 Å | (31) |
| 3.78 Å | (8) |
| 3.72 Å | (95) |
| 3.67 Å | (8) |
| 3.50 Å | (28) |
| 3.46 Å | (33) |
| 3.35 Å | (64) |
| 3.23 Å | (30) |
| 3.03 Å | (18) |
| 2.922 Å | (11) |
| 2.772 Å | (91) |
| 2.754 Å | (60) |
| 2.748 Å | (50) |
| 2.690 Å | (17) |
| 2.612 Å | (39) |
| 2.551 Å | (80) |
| 2.516 Å | (93) |
| 2.414 Å | (38) |
| 2.398 Å | (25) |
| 2.365 Å | (50) |
| 2.311 Å | (15) |
| 2.295 Å | (8) |
| 2.269 Å | (100) |
| 2.259 Å | (95) |
| 2.224 Å | (5) |
| 2.215 Å | (8) |
| 2.200 Å | (15) |
| 2.155 Å | (12) |
| 2.092 Å | (9) |
| 1.884 Å | (9) |
| 1.878 Å | (6) |
| 1.779 Å | (10) |
| 1.747 Å | (79) |
| 1.687 Å | (20) |
| 1.632 Å | (22) |
| 1.620 Å | (20) |
| 1.548 Å | (8) |
| 1.512 Å | (7) |
| 1.495 Å | (37) |
| 1.485 Å | (51) |
| 1.402 Å | (20) |
| 1.398 Å | (12) |
| 1.351 Å | (15) |
| 1.348 Å | (18) |
Comments:
УДК549.621+522.161(470.5)ЗВМО.М5.1999г.Proc.RМS.N5.1999@В.М.ГЕКИМЯНЦ.*Е.В.СОКОЛОВА,*Э.М.СПИРИДОНОВ.*ДЖ.ФЕРРАРИС.**Н.В.ЧУКАНОВ.***М.ПРЕНЧИПЕ.**В.Н.АВДОНИН,****Ю.А.ПОЛЕНОВ****ГИДРОКСИЛКЛИНОГУМИТM~(Si04MOH,F)z-НОВЫЙМИНЕРАЛИЗГРУППЫГУМИТА\v.М.GEK1MYANTS.Е.У.SOKOLOVA.Е.М.SPlR1DONOV,О.FERRARlS.N.У.CHUКANOV,М.PRENC1PE.У.N.А VDON1N.Уи.А.POLENOV.HYDROXYLCLINOHUMlТE Mg9(Si04)4(OH,F)2 - А NEW MINERAL ОF ТНЕ HUMIТE GROUP
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
| 31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks | |
| Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics | <3.5-2.5 |
| 40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies) |
Type Occurrence of Hydroxylclinohumite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Oval, elongate grains to 3 mm in diameter, and as aggregates to 2 cm associated with spinel as inclusions in calcite. Without crystal faces.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
1) Mining Geological Museum at Ekaterinburg, Russia.
2) Mineralogy Museum of Saint Petersburg University, Russia.
2) Mineralogy Museum of Saint Petersburg University, Russia.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In Mg-skarn (calciphyric) rims around dolomitic marble xenoliths in gabbroic rocks.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Gekimyants, V.M., Sokolova, E.V., Spiridonov, E.M., Ferraris, G., Chukanov, N.V., Prencipe, M., Avdonin, V.N., Polenov, Yu.A. (1999): Hydroxylclinohumite Mg9(SiO4)4(OH,F)2 - a new mineral of the humite group. Zapiski Vserossiyskogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 128(5): 64-70.
Synonyms of Hydroxylclinohumite
Other Language Names for Hydroxylclinohumite
Relationship of Hydroxylclinohumite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
| Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
| Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite) | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 | Orth. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 25 photos of Hydroxylclinohumite associated with Clinochlore | Mg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8 |
| 3 photos of Hydroxylclinohumite associated with Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
| 2 photos of Hydroxylclinohumite associated with Geikielite | MgTiO3 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylclinohumite associated with Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
| 1 photo of Hydroxylclinohumite associated with Albite | Na(AlSi3O8) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.AF. | Chegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF. | Barwoodite | Mn2+6Nb5+(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF. | Jingwenite-(Y) | YAlV4+(SiO4)O2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.05 | Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.05 | Xenolite | Al10Si8O31 |
| 9.AF.10 | Andalusite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.10 | Kanonaite | Mn3+Al(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.15 | Kyanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
| 9.AF.20 | Mullite | Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x |
| 9.AF.20 | Krieselite | Al2(GeO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.23 | Boromullite | Al9BSi2O19 |
| 9.AF.25 | Yoderite | Mg(Al,Fe3+)3(SiO4)2O(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Magnesiostaurolite | Mg(Mg,Li)3(Al,Mg)18Si8O44(OH)4 |
| 9.AF.30 | Staurolite | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.30 | Zincostaurolite | Zn2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
| 9.AF.35 | Topaz | Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2 |
| 9.AF.40 | Norbergite | Mg3(SiO4)F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Alleghanyite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Chondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Reinhardbraunsite | Ca5(SiO4)2(OH,F)2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Kumtyubeite | Ca5(SiO4)2F2 |
| 9.AF.45 | Hydroxylchondrodite | Mg5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Humite | Mg7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Manganhumite | (Mn2+,Mg)7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Unnamed (Ca-analogue of Humite) | Ca7(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Fluorchegemite | Ca7(SiO4)3F2 |
| 9.AF.50 | Unnamed (OH-analogue of humite) | Mg7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Clinohumite | Mg9(SiO4)4F2 |
| 9.AF.55 | Sonolite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.60 | Leucophoenicite | Mn2+7(SiO4)3(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.65 | Ribbeite | Mn2+5(SiO4)2(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.70 | Jerrygibbsite | Mn2+9(SiO4)4(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.75 | Franciscanite | Mn2+6(V5+,◻)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
| 9.AF.75 | Örebroite | Mn2+3(Sb5+,Fe3+)(SiO4)(O,OH)3 |
| 9.AF.75 | Welinite | Mn2+6(W6+,Mg)2(SiO4)2(O,OH)6 |
| 9.AF.75 | Scorticoite | Mn6(Sb,◻)Σ2(SiO4)2O3(OH)3 |
| 9.AF.80 | Ellenbergerite | Mg6(Mg,Ti,Zr,◻)2(Al,Mg)6Si8O28(OH)10 |
| 9.AF.85 | Chloritoid | (Fe2+,Mg,Mn2+)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Magnesiochloritoid | MgAl2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.85 | Ottrélite | (Mn2+,Fe2+,Mg)Al2(SiO4)O(OH)2 |
| 9.AF.90 | Poldervaartite | CaCa[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.90 | Olmiite | CaMn2+[SiO3(OH)](OH) |
| 9.AF.95 | Pilawite-(Y) | Ca2Y2Al4(SiO4)4O2(OH)2 |
Other Information
IR Spectrum:
Strong absorption bands at 987, 960, 724, 610, and 530 cm–1, plus 3560, 3580, and 3385 cm–1.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hydroxylclinohumite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-7729.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Hydroxylclinohumite
Localities for Hydroxylclinohumite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| RRUFF project |
| rruff.info (n.d.) |
| Färber (n.d.) |
Austria | |
| Kolitsch (2023) |
| Niedermayr et al. (2007) |
Czech Republic | |
| Bohuslav Bures collection |
| Houzar S.: Zinkem a baryem bohaté minerální asociace (sfalerit - Zn-spinel - hyalofán - Ba-flogopit) |
| Houzar S.: Spinel z Číhalína a Nové ... | |
| Čopjáková et al. (2008) | |
| Doležalová |
Italy | |
| Barresi et al. (2005) |
| Marchesini et al. (2014) |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Trommsdorff et al. (1980) +2 other references | |
| Bedognè et al. (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Simone Boscolo | |
| Alexandra Friedrich et al. (2001) | |
| Bedognè et al. (2006) |
| Compagnoni et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Rolfo et al. (2015) |
| Zambonini (1919) +1 other reference |
| Balestro et al. (2013) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
Russia (TL) | |
| [AmMIn 85:1843] |
| Pekov et al. (2011) | |
| Galuskina et al. (2008) |
| Galuskina et al. (2008) |
Switzerland | |
| Scambelluri et al. (2014) |
Tajikistan | |
| Gerasimova et al. (2013) |
USA | |
| Frank K. Mazdab |
Vietnam | |
| Krivovichev et al. (2023) |
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Zlatý Kopec skarn deposit, Zlatý Kopec, Boží Dar, Karlovy Vary District, Karlovy Vary Region, Czech Republic