Brushite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Brushite
Formula:
Ca(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Colour:
Colorless, light yellow; colorless in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Earthy
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.30 - 2.33
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named by Gideon E. Moore in 1865 in honor of American mineralogist George Jarvis Brush (December 15, 1831 Brooklyn, NY, USA - February 6, 1912 New Haven, CT, USA), Professor, Yale University.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
793
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:793:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
220b9f34-e67a-4f91-9b33-12bdae179d62
Classification of Brushite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
8.CJ.50
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
J : With only large cations
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
J : With only large cations
39.1.1.1
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : A[HXO4]·xH2O
39 : HYDRATED ACID PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
1 : A[HXO4]·xH2O
19.4.3
19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca
19 : Phosphates
4 : Phosphates of Ca
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Bsh | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Brushite
Sub-Vitreous, Pearly, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavages.
Colour:
Colorless, light yellow; colorless in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010} and {001}, perfect.
On {010} and {001}, perfect.
Density:
2.30 - 2.33 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.32 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Comment:
2.326 (artificial crystals).
Optical Data of Brushite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.539 - 1.540 nβ = 1.544 - 1.546 nγ = 1.551 - 1.552
2V:
Measured: 59° to 87°, Calculated: 80°
Birefringence:
0.012
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.012
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
r >v , crossed
Optical Extinction:
X ∧ c = 30°; Z = b.
Pleochroism:
Non-pleochroic
Chemical Properties of Brushite
Formula:
Ca(PO3OH) · 2H2O
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Brushite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
m - Domatic
Space Group:
Bb
Setting:
Cc
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.812(2) Å, b = 15.180(3) Å, c = 6.239(2) Å
β = 116.43(3)°
β = 116.43(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.383 : 1 : 0.411
Unit Cell V:
492.91 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals minute, acicular or prismatic to tabular {010}. Efflorescences, cavity linings. Earthy, powdery, foliated.
Comment:
Cell from Curry and Jones (1971).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0008880 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008881 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008882 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008883 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008884 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008885 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008886 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008887 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008888 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008889 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008890 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008891 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008892 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008893 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008894 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008895 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008896 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008897 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008898 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008899 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008900 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008901 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 | ||
0008902 | Brushite | Schofield P F, Knight K S, van der Houwen J A M, Valsami-Jones E (2004) The role of hydrogen bonding in the thermal expansion and dehydration of brushite, di-calcium phosphate dihydrate Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 31 606-624 | 2004 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
7.62 Å | (100) |
4.27 Å | (10) |
3.80 Å | (30) |
3.06 Å | (10) |
2.93 Å | (10) |
2.63 Å | (10) |
2.53 Å | (10) |
1.90 Å | (10) |
Comments:
ICDD 11-293, also 9-77 (synthetic)
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Near-surface Processes | |
21 : Chemically precipitated carbonate, phosphate, iron formations | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
49 : Oxic cellular biomineralization (see also #44) | <0.54 |
52 : Guano- and urine-derived minerals | <0.4 |
Geological Setting:
In biological phosphate as well as sedimentary phosphate deposits; incrustations on ancient bones and crypts. May form due to run-off from heavily fertilized fields.
Type Occurrence of Brushite
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Cave guano deposit.
Synonyms of Brushite
Other Language Names for Brushite
Relationship of Brushite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Pharmacolite | Ca(HAsO4) · 2H2O | Mon. m |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
2 photos of Brushite associated with Montmorillonite | (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O |
1 photo of Brushite associated with Wardite | NaAl3(PO4)2(OH)4 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Brushite associated with Variscite | AlPO4 · 2H2O |
1 photo of Brushite associated with Whiteite Subgroup | XM1M22M32(H2O)8(OH)2(PO4)4 |
1 photo of Brushite associated with Anatase | TiO2 |
1 photo of Brushite associated with Apatite | Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH) |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
8.CJ. | Sainfeldite | Ca5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.CJ. | Caesiumpharmacosiderite | CsFe4[(AsO4)3(OH)4] · 4H2O | Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m |
8.CJ. | Jeankempite | Ca5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 7H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ. | Airdite | Sr(V4+O)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
8.CJ. | Dobšináite | Ca2Ca(AsO4)2 · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CJ.05 | Stercorite | (NH4)Na(PO3OH) · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ.10 | Mundrabillaite | (NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2 · H2O | Mon. m : Pm |
8.CJ.10 | Swaknoite | (NH4)2Ca(PO3OH)2 · H2O | Orth. |
8.CJ.15 | Nabaphite | NaBaPO4 · 9H2O | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
8.CJ.15 | Nastrophite | Na(Sr,Ba)PO4 · 9H2O | Iso. 2 3 : P21 3 |
8.CJ.20 | Haidingerite | CaHAsO4 · H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcn |
8.CJ.25 | Vladimirite | Ca4(AsO4)2(AsO3OH) · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CJ.25 | Rhabdophane-(Y) | YPO4 · H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.27 | Churchite-(Dy) | (Dy,Sm,Gd,Nd)PO4 · 2H2O | Mon. |
8.CJ.30 | Ferrarisite | Ca5(AsO4)2(HAsO4)2 · 9H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ.35 | Machatschkiite | (Ca,Na)6(AsO4)(HAsO4)3(PO4,SO4) · 15H2O | Trig. 3m : R3c |
8.CJ.35 | Fulbrightite | Ca(VO)2(AsO4)2 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ.40 | Phaunouxite | Ca3(AsO4)2 · 11H2O | Tric. |
8.CJ.40 | Rauenthalite | Ca3(AsO4)2 · 10H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ.45 | Brockite | (Ca,Th,Ce)PO4 · H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Grayite | (Th,Pb,Ca)(PO4) · H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O | Trig. 3 2 : P31 2 1 |
8.CJ.45 | Rhabdophane-(La) | La(PO4) · H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Rhabdophane-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Tristramite | (Ca,U,Fe)(PO4,SO4) · 2H2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Smirnovskite | (Th,Ca)PO4 · nH2O | Hex. 6 2 2 : P62 2 2 |
8.CJ.45 | Štěpite | U(AsO3OH)2 · 4H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/acd |
8.CJ.47 | Vysokýite | U4+[AsO2(OH)2]4 · 4H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
8.CJ.50 | Ardealite | Ca2(PO3OH)(SO4) · 4H2O | Mon. m : Bb |
8.CJ.50 | Churchite-(Y) | Y(PO4) · 2H2O | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
8.CJ.50 | Pharmacolite | Ca(HAsO4) · 2H2O | Mon. m |
8.CJ.50 | Churchite-(Nd) | Nd(PO4) · 2H2O | Mon. |
8.CJ.55 | Mcnearite | NaCa5(AsO4)(HAsO4)4 · 4H2O | Tric. |
8.CJ.60 | Dorfmanite | Na2(PO3OH) · 2H2O | Orth. |
8.CJ.65 | Sincosite | Ca(VO)2(PO4)2 · 5H2O | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P42/nnm |
8.CJ.65 | Bariosincosite | Ba(VO)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O | Tet. |
8.CJ.70 | Catalanoite | Na2(PO3OH) · 8H2O | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Ibca |
8.CJ.75 | Guérinite | Ca6(HAsO4)3(AsO4)2 · 10.5H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
8.CJ.85 | Ningyoite | (U,Ca,Ce)2(PO4)2 · 1-2H2O | Orth. |
Fluorescence of Brushite
Not fluorescent.
Other Information
Electrical:
Piezoelectric
Notes:
Readily soluble in HCl.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Brushite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-793.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
References for Brushite
Reference List:
Localities for Brushite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
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Quick NavTopAbout BrushiteUnique IdentifiersClassification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemical Properties Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Brandberg, Sankt Peter-Freienstein, Leoben District, Styria, Austria