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Bianchite

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Big Photo

Ueberroth Mine, Friedensville, Saucon Valley, Upper Saucon Township, Lehigh Co., Pennsylvania, USA
© M.Heintzelman

Show Bianchite Photos (2)



Formula:
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:White, Yellowish; ...
Lustre:VitreousHardness:2½
Name:After Angelo Bianchi (1892-1970), Italian mineralogist.


Hexahydrite Group.

Classification of Bianchite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.05-60
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:29.6.8.2

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.5.13

25 : Sulphates
5 : Sulphates of Zn and Hg
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Type Occurrence of Bianchite

Type Locality:Raibl Mines, Cave del Predil, Tarvisio, Udine Province, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Year of Discovery:1930

Occurrences of Bianchite

Geological Setting:Post mining mineral, alteration of sulfides.

Physical Properties of Bianchite

Lustre:Vitreous
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent
Colour:White, Yellowish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):2½
Density (measured):2.03 - 2.07 g/cm3
Density (calculated):2.00 g/cm3

Crystallography of Bianchite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/m {P1 1 2/m} {P2/m} {P1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 10.09Å, b = 7.2Å, c = 24.49Å
β = 98.27°
Ratio:a:b:c = 1.401 : 1 : 3.401
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,760.65 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Crusts of indistinct crystals. Artificial crystals are tabular {001} with {110} and {112} prominent.
Twinning:On {001} (common in artificial material).

Optical Data of Bianchite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.465 nβ = 1.494 nγ = 1.495
2V:Measured: 10° , Calculated: 20°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:r > v weak

Chemical Properties of Bianchite

Formula:
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, O, S, Zn
All elements listed in formula:Fe, H, O, S, Zn
Analytical Data:Easily soluble in water.
Relationship of Bianchite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
Hexahydrite Group
MSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
7.CB.05Dwornikite
(Ni,Fe)SO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Gunningite
ZnSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
CoSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
7.CB.07Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CB.10Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
 · 3H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Starkeyite
MgSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Drobecite
CdSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Cranswickite
MgSO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
 · 5H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Hexahydrite
MgSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Moorhouseite
(Co,Ni,Mn)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.30Retgersite
NiSO
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Bieberite
CoSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Boothite
CuSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Alpersite
(Mg,Cu)[SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Morenosite
NiSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 17H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 12H
 
2
O
7.CB.50Aluminocoquimbite
FeAl(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Coquimbite
Fe
 
2-x
Al
 
x
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O, x ~0.5
7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 2H
 
2
O
7.CB.60Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.65Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
 · 10H
 
2
O
7.CB.70Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 14H
 
2
O
7.CB.80Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 6H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Apjohnite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
 · 22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Wupatkiite
(Co,Mg,Ni)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.90Meridianiite
MgSO
 
4
 · 11H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
25.5.1Zinkosite
ZnSO
 
4
25.5.2Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.5.3Namuwite
(Zn,Cu)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
6
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.5.4Ktenasite
Zn(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.5.5Ramsbeckite
(Cu,Zn)
 
15
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(OH)
 
22
 · 6H
 
2
O
25.5.6Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.5.7Serpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.5.8Orthoserpierite
Ca(Cu,Zn)
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.5.9Zincaluminite
Zn
 
6
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
16
 · 5H
 
2
O
25.5.10Glaucocerinite
(Zn
 
1-x
Al
 
x
)(OH)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
x/2
 · nH
 
2
O
25.5.11Gunningite
ZnSO
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.5.12Chaidamuite
ZnFe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 4H
 
2
O
25.5.15Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
 · 7H
 
2
O
25.5.16Zincobotryogen
(Zn,Mg,Mn
2+
 
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH) · 7H
 
2
O
25.5.17Schuetteite
Hg
2+
3
(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
25.5.18Gianellaite
(Hg
 
2
N)
 
2
SO
 
4
Other Names for Bianchite
Other Languages:
German:Bianchit
Spanish:Bianchita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Bianchite
Reference List:

- + 
Thorpe and Watts (1880) Journal of the Chemical Society of London: 37: 102.



Wyrouboff (1889) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 12: 377



Andreatta (1930) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rendus: [6]: 11: 760.



American Mineralogist (1930): 15: 538.



Andreatta (1932) Reale accademia nazionale dei Lincei, Rome, Rendus: [6]: 16: 62.



Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 495-496.
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    • Localities for Bianchite
    






    


    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Australia
     
    

    • Australian Capital Territory
    

      • Brindabella Mtn
    

        • Cotter
    
    		Handbook of Mineralogy
    

    • Tasmania
    

      • Rosebery district
    

        • Rosebery
    
    		R Bottrrill, unpub. analyses
    Austria
     
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen
    

        • Bleiberg District
    
    		G. Niedermayr, I. Praetzel: Mineralien Kärntens, 1995
    Canada
     
    

    • Northwest Territories
    
    		Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32
    

    • Nunavut Territory
    

      • Baffin Island
    

        • Nanisivik
    
    		[MinRec 21:533]
    Germany
     
    

    • Hesse
    

      • Richelsdorf District
    

        • Süss
    

          • Richelsdorf Smelter
    
    		S. Weiß: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    

    • Lower Saxony
    

      • Harz
    

        • Goslar
    

          • Rammelsberg
    
    		Jambor J L, Boyle R W (1962) Gunningite, a new zinc sulphate from the Keno Hill – Galena Hill area, Yukon, The Canadian Mineralogist 7, 209-218 
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
    

        • Marl
    

          • Marl-Hüls
    
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", 1990
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    

            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    
    		No reference listed
    





GRÖBNER, J. (2001): Roter Skorodit und weitere ungewöhnliche Arsenate: Die Mineralien des Abbaus 132 der Grube Christiana, Lavrion/Griechenland. Lapis, 26 (11), 13-21.
    




          • Sounion area
    

            • Sounion Mines
    
    		W. Krause, H.-J. Bernhardt, R. S. W. Braithwaite, U. Kolitsch and R. Pritchard (2006): Kapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2, a new mineral from Lavrion, Greece. Mineral. Mag. 70, 331-342. 
    Hungary
     
    

    • Heves Co.
    

      • Mátra Mts.
    

        • Mátraszentimre
    
    		Szakáll S.,2011,University of Miskolc, Department of Mineralogy and Petrology
    Italy
     
    

    • Friuli Venezia Giulia
    

      • Udine Province
    

        • Tarvisio
    

          • Cave del Predil
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 496; Nickel & Nichols, 1991 - "Mineral Reference Manual", p22.
    

    • Tuscany
    

      • Grosseto Province
    

        • Gerfalco
    
    		Bazzoni C., Capperi M., (2001): La miniera di "Montevecchio in Toscana (Gerfalco - Grosseto), Rivista mineralogica italiana, (4), 2001, 236-241; Bazzoni C., Capperi M., (2001): La miniera di "Montevecchio in Toscana (Gerfalco - Grosseto), Rivista mineralogica italiana, (4), 2001, 236-241
    Norway
     
    

    • Buskerud
    

      • Modum
    

        • Åmot
    
    		Raade,G.(1995): "Secondary Zn and Cu minerals from contact deposits of the Oslo region, Norway".Bergverksmuseet Skrift nr 9, 18-26; Neumann,H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske skrifter 68. p. 109
    Poland
     
    

    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    

      • Katowice
    

        • Świętochłowice
    
    		Bril, H., Zainoun, K., Puziewicz, J., Courtin-Nomade, A., Vanaecker, M. & Bollinger, J.-C. (2008): Secondary phases from the alteration of a pile of zinc-smelting slag as indicators of environmental conditions: an example from Świętochłowice, Upper Silesia, Poland. Canadian Mineralogist 46, 1235-1248.
    Russia
     
    

    • Urals Region
    

      • Southern Urals
    

        • Orenburgskaya Oblast'
    
    		E. Shcherbakova et al. : "The rarest Cobalt-Containing Sulfates from the South Ural, Russia",  5th International Conference "Mineralogy & Museums", Paris, Sept. 5-8th 2004, Bull. de Liaison de la Soc. Franç. de Minéralogie et Cristallographie, 2004, Vol 16, N°2.
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 135; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
    


      • Graham Co.
    

        • Aravaipa District
    

          • Pinaleño Mts
    

            • Willow Spring Canyon
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 135.
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Clear Creek Co.
    

        • Georgetown District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    




          • Illinois Mine
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    




Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    




Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    

    • New Jersey
    

      • Sussex Co.
    

        • Franklin Mining District
    

          • Ogdensburg
    

            • Sterling Hill
    
    		Hendricks, J: Notes on the minerals of Franklin & Sterling Hill (1960): Jenkins & Misiur: Min. Rec.: 25:95-102 (1994); Dunn(1995):Pt5:630.
    

    • Pennsylvania
    

      • Lehigh Co.
    

        • Upper Saucon Township
    

          • Saucon Valley
    

            • Friedensville
    
    		Rocks & Min.: 6:26; 10:33-36, 58; Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 20; Grant, R.W. (Jan, 1971), PA Mins. (PM)(97), Keystone Newsletter; Montgomery, A. (Aug
    

    • Virginia
    

      • Louisa Co.
    

        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    


    

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