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Hexahydrite

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Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine (Le Cetine Mine; Cetine Mine; Rosia), Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy

Show Hexahydrite Photos (3)
Formula:
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless, white, pale ...
Lustre:Vitreous, PearlyHardness:2 - 2½
Name:In allusion to its composition, having six (HEXA-) molecules of water (HYDR-) in its formula.


Hexahydrite Group

Classification of Hexahydrite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.05-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:29.6.8.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.3.5

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg
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Type Occurrence of Hexahydrite

Type Locality:Bonaparte River, Lillooet Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
Year of Discovery:1911

Physical Properties of Hexahydrite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Opaque
Colour:Colourless, white, pale greenish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100}, perfect.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):1.757 g/cm3
Density (calculated):1.745 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hexahydrite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/m (P1 1 2/m) [P2/m] {P1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 24.44Å, b = 7.21Å, c = 10.11Å
β = 98.28°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.39 : 1 : 1.402
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,762.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Good crystals rare; usually thick tabular {001}. Coarse columnar to delicately fibrous.
Twinning:1. On {001}; 2. on {110}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hexahydrite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.426 nβ = 1.453 nγ = 1.456
2V:Measured: 38° , Calculated: 36°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Hexahydrite

Formula:
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mg, O, S
All elements listed in formula:H, Mg, O, S
Analyical Data:Reportedly rehydrates to Epsomite in humid air.
Relationship of Hexahydrite to other Species
Related to:
  • Hexahydrite Group
    • Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

    - + 
    7.CB.05Dwornikite
    (Ni,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Gunningite
    (Zn,Mn)SO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Kieserite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Poitevinite
    (Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Szmikite
    MnSO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Szomolnokite
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
    CoSO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.10Bonattite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·3H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15Aplowite
    (Co,Mn,Ni)SO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15Boyleite
    (Zn,Mg)SO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15Ilesite
    (Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15Rozenite
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15Starkeyite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.15IMA2002-034
    CdSO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.20Chalcanthite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.20Jôkokuite
    MnSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.20Pentahydrite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.20Sanderite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.20Siderotil
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.25Bianchite
    (Zn,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
    (Mn,Mg)SO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.25Moorhouseite
    (Co,Ni,Mn)SO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
    (Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.30Retgersite
    NiSO
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Bieberite
    CoSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Boothite
    CuSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Mallardite
    MnSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Melanterite
    FeSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
    (Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.35Alpersite
    (Mg,Cu)[SO
     
    4
    		] · 7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.40Epsomite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.40Goslarite
    ZnSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.40Morenosite
    NiSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.45Alunogen
    Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·17H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
    Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·12H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.55Coquimbite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·9H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.55Rhomboclase
    HFe(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.60Kornelite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.65Quenstedtite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·10H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.70Lausenite
    Fe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.75Lishizhenite
    ZnFe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·14H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.75Römerite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·14H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.80Ransomite
    CuFe
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Apjohnite
    Mn
    2+
     
    		Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Bílinite
    Fe
    2+
     
    		Fe
    3+
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Dietrichite
    (Zn,Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mn
    2+
     
    		)Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Halotrichite
    FeAl
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Pickeringite
    MgAl
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Redingtonite
    (Fe
    2+
     
    		,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.85Wupatkiite
    (Co,Mg,Ni)Al
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    7.CB.90Meridianiite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·11H
     
    2
    		O
    Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

    - + 
    25.3.1Kieserite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.2Sanderite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·2H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.3Starkeyite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.4Pentahydrite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.6Epsomite
    MgSO
     
    4
    		·7H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.7Caminite
    Mg
     
    7
    		[(OH)
     
    4
    		|(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    5
    		] · H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.8Vanthoffite
    Na
     
    6
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    25.3.9Blödite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.10Konyaite
    Na
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·5H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.11Löweite
    Na
     
    12
    		Mg
     
    7
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    13
    25.3.12Uklonskovite
    NaMg[F|SO
     
    4
    		] · 2H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.13Langbeinite
    K
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    25.3.14Leonite
    K
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·4H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.15Picromerite
    K
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.16Efremovite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		Mg
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    3
    25.3.17Boussingaultite
    (NH
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		Mg(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    2
    		·6H
     
    2
    		O
    25.3.18Pickeringite
    MgAl
     
    2
    		(SO
     
    4
    		)
     
    4
    		·22H
     
    2
    		O
    Other Names for Hexahydrite
    Other Languages:
    German:Hexahydrit
    Russian:Гексагидрит
    Spanish:Hexahydrita
    Other Information
    Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
    References for Hexahydrite
    Reference List:Johnston (1911) Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report 1910: 256.
    

    
Walker and Parsons (1927) University of Toronto Stud., Geology Service: 24: 21.
    

    
Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1929) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: [2]: 58: 3.
    

    
Kokta (1935) Publ. Fac. Science, University Masaryk, Brno: 166.
    

    
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 494-495.
    

    
Acta Crystallographica: 17: 235-240.
    

    
Mineralogical Abstracts: 74 (1974): 3459.
    

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    Localities for Hexahydrite
    
	






    


    

    
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    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Antarctica
     
    

    • Eastern Antarctica
    

      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
    

        • Lützow-Holm Bay
    

          • East Ongul Island
    
    		Watanuki/ Torii/ Nishiyama/ Morikawa, 1979
    Australia
     
    

    • Queensland
    
    		[MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"]
    Austria
     
    

    • Burgenland
    

      • Großpetersdorf
    

        • Badersdorf
    
    		http://www.badersdorf.at/Wirtschaft/holler/minerale.htm
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
    

        • Kirchbach
    

          • Oberbuchach
    
    		J. Mörtl: Carinthia II 192./112.:329-330 (2002)
    

    • Salzburg
    

      • Hallein
    

        • Dürrnberg
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    



        • Gartenau
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    


      • Hohe Tauern Mts
    

        • Gastein valley
    

          • Bad Hofgastein
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    

    • Styria
    

      • Ennstaler Alpen Mts
    

        • Admont
    
    		Meixner, H. (1977); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    


      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
    

        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
    

          • Hochlantsch Mt.
    
    		Bojar, H.-P. (2007)
    


      • Liesing - Palten valley
    

        • Kalwang
    

          • Langteichengraben (Lange Teichen)
    

            • Teichen Mine
    
    		Taucher, J. (1996)
    


      • Niedere Tauern Mts
    

        • Hohentauern
    

          • Sunk
    
    		Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2006)
    

    • Upper Austria
    

      • Bad Ischl
    

        • Perneck
    
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    

    • British Columbia
    

      • Lillooet Mining Division
    
    		Jonhston (1911) Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report 1910: 256; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 494.
    


No reference listed
    

    • Northwest Territories
    
    		Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32
    

    • Nunavut Territory
    

      • Baffin Island
    

        • Nanisivik
    
    		[MinRec 21:533]
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Cochrane District
    

        • Porcupine District
    

          • Dundonald Township
    

            • Timmins
    
    		geological survey of canada paper 73-13
    

    • Yukon Territory
    

      • Dawson Mining District
    
    		MinRec 23:4-47
    


No reference listed
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    

      • Central Bohemia Region
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.
    


      • Hradec Králové Region
    

        • Trutnov (Trautenau)
    

          • Radvanice
    
    		Jirásek, J.: Thermal Changes of the Rocks in the Dump Pile of the Kateřina Colliery in Radvanice (Eastern Bohemia). Ostrava: VSB – Technical University of  Ostrava, Institute of Geological Engineering - 541, 2001. 69 p.    
    


      • Karlovy Vary Region
    

        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Ostrov
    
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    

    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
    

      • South Moravia Region
    

        • Hodonín
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.
    



        • Oslavany
    
    		Dokoupilova P., Sulovsky P., Losos Z. 2006: Hematite, hexahydrite and picromerite group from the mine waste of the coal mine Kukla in Oslavany. Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 57-59
    


      • Vysočina Region
    

        • Rožná deposit
    
    		Petr Pauliš 
    Egypt
     
    

    • Western Desert
    

    France
     
    

    • Auvergne
    

      • Haute-Loire
    

        • Brioude - Massiac area
    

          • Blesle
    
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM and Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
    




          • Lubilhac
    
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM / Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
    Germany
     
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Aachen
    

        • Alsdorf
    
    		Blaß, G. and Graf, H.-W. (1996): Neue mineralogische Erkenntnisse und neue Funde aus Eifel, Schwarzwald und Siegerland. Mineralien-Welt 7 (2), 55-64. (in German)
    


      • Eifel Mts
    

        • Düren
    

          • Untermaubach
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    


      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
    

        • Herne
    
    		No reference listed
    


      • Sauerland
    

        • Marsberg
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Stassfurt Potash deposit
    

        • Tarthun
    
    		No reference listed
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Erzgebirge
    

        • Schlema-Hartenstein District
    
    		T. Witzke (1992): Neues zu den Mineralien von Schlema-Hartenstein und der Grube König David, Schneeberg, Erzgebirge.-  Mineralien-Welt 3(6), 16-18
    


      • Oberlausitz
    

        • Kamenz
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    



Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Gera
    

        • Ronneburg U deposit
    
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    



T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    


      • Wurzbach
    

        • Lehesten
    
    		- Liebeskind, W., Lehrieder, E. (1992): Der Lehester Schieferbergbau, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 43, 139-153
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    

            • Kamareza Mines
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Plaka
    

            • Plaka Mines
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Sounion area
    

            • Sounion Mines
    
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Hungary
     
    

    • Baranya Co.
    

      • Mecsek Mts.
    

        • Komló
    
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    

    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
    

      • Aggteleki Mts.
    
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    


      • Borsodi Mts.
    

        • Kurityán
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    


ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    



    


Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    


      • Bükk Mts.
    

        • Miskolc
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    


      • Rudabányai Mts.
    

        • Rudabánya
    
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    



Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    


      • Upponyi Mts.
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    


      • Zempléni Mts.
    

        • Tállya
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    

    • Győr-Moson-Sopron Co.
    

      • Soproni Mts.
    

        • Sopron
    
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    

    • Nógrád Co.
    

      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
    

        • Somoskőújfalu
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    

    • Pest Co.
    

      • Budai Mts.
    

        • Budapest
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Italy
     
    

    • Piedmont
    

      • Torino Province
    

        • Canavese District
    

          • Léssolo
    

            • Cálea
    
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    


      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
    

        • Ossola Valley
    

          • Antrona Valley
    
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    

    • Tuscany
    

      • Livorno Province
    

        • Elba Island
    

          • Capoliveri
    

            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    
    		C.L. Garavelli (1957) – Minerali di cobalto, bonattite, e solfato di Mg esaidrato e tetraidrato tra i minerali di alterazione del giacimento elbano di Capo Calamita Calamita – Rend. Soc. Min. It., 13: 268-270.
    


      • Siena Province
    

        • Chiusdino
    
    		Mineralogical Record, 15 (1), 27-36.
    Japan
     
    

    • Hokkaido Island
    

      • Oshima peninsula
    

        • Kaminokuni
    
    		Nambu et al (1980) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 67.
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. de Mapimí
    

        • Mapimí
    
    		No reference listed
    



Panczner (1987): 274.
    Morocco
     
    

    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
    

      • Ouarzazate Province
    

        • Tazenakht
    
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Norway
     
    

    • Buskerud
    

      • Modum
    

        • Snarum
    
    		Bryhni (1972); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    

    • Hordaland
    

      • Kvinnherad
    

        • Hardanger
    
    		Ellingsen, R.(1989):" Funn av sjeldne sulfatmineraler i Kvinnherad". NAGS-nytt 16(1), 25-26
    

    • Oppland
    

      • Lom
    
    		Griffin (1975); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    


      • Vågå
    
    		T.T. Garmo (1974, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    

    • Oslo
    
    		Neumann (1985, p. 109, collected by H. Soot-Ryen in 1968).
    

    • Sør-Trøndelag
    

      • Oppdal
    

        • Vinstradalen
    
    		Witsø, T. (2005): Mineraler i Vinstradalen, Oppdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 30: 72-73
    

    • Telemark
    

      • Fyresdal
    
    		Nordrum (1976); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    Poland
     
    

    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    

      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
    

        • Katowice area
    

          • Łaziska
    
    		Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska, Upper Silesia.Mag. Thesis (unpublished)
    

    • Wielkopolskie
    
    		powder rtg. 2007
    Russia
     
    

    • Far-Eastern Region
    

      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    
    		[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
    


[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180]
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Kremnica Mts
    
    		Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
    


      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    

        • Podrečany
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    
    		Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    


Ďuďa R., Peterec D., 1995 : Die Mineralien der siderit - baryt lagersttäte von Rudňany ( Kotterbach ) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern/, 1, s.20 - 31
    South Africa
     
    

    • Mpumalanga Province
    
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    

    • Andalusia
    

      • Córdoba
    

        • Villanueva de Córdoba
    
    		Schnorrer, G. (2000): Die Minerale der ehemaligen Grube Espuela de San Miguel bei Villanueva de Cordoba, Prov. Cordoba in Spanien. Der Aufschluss, 51, 211-222. (in German)
    


      • Huelva
    
    		MinMag 67(2):263-278
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Martigny
    

        • Mont Chemin
    
    		Anthony, J.W. et al.: Handbook of Mineralogy
    Turkmenistan
     
    

    • Balkan Province
    

    Ukraine
     
    

    • Crimea Oblast'
    

      • Crimea peninsula
    

        • Saki
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.
    

    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
    

      • Gorlovka
    

        • Novyy Donbass
    
    		Möckel, S. & Frischmann, N. (1992): Mineralien der Quecksilberlagerstätte Nikitovka in der Ukraine. Mineralien-Welt, 3, 14-15. (in German)
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		No reference listed
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
    

Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18: 1-5, II.
    



        • Grand Canyon National Park
    

          • South Rim
    

            • Orphan District
    

              • Grand Canyon Village
    
    		Gornitz, V. (2004), Grand Canyon Uranium: The Orphan Mine, Mineral News: 20(6): 7.
    


      • Pinal Co.
    

        • San Manuel District
    

          • San Manuel
    

            • San Manuel Mine (Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp Mine; Quarelli group)
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251, 264; Anthony, J.W. & W.J. McLean (1976), Jurbanite, a new post-mining aluminum sulfate mineral from San Manuel, AZ, Am.Min.: 61: 1-4.
    

    • California
    

      • Alameda Co.
    

        • Oakland
    

          • Leona Heights
    
    		No reference listed
    




[Mineralogical Record 20 129-142]
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Fremont Co.
    

        • Canon City District
    

          • Canon City
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Jefferson Co.
    

        • Ralston Buttes District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Mesa Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    

    • Connecticut
    

      • Middlesex Co.
    
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & SE NY State, p.234
    

    • Indiana
    

      • Crawford Co.
    

    

    • Massachusetts
    

      • Franklin Co.
    

        • Rowe
    
    		Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
    

    • Michigan
    

      • Marquette Co.
    

        • Marquette iron range
    

          • Ishpeming
    
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Lander Co.
    

        • Bullion District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Storey Co.
    

        • Comstock District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Washoe Co.
    

        • Pyramid District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



        • Wedekind District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    

    • New Jersey
    

      • Sussex Co.
    

        • Franklin Mining District
    

          • Ogdensburg
    

            • Sterling Hill
    
    		Dunn(1995):Pt5:635.
    

    • New York
    

      • Putnam Co.
    

        • Brewster
    
    		Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
    

    • Ohio
    

      • Adams Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Cuyahoga Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Hancock Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Highland Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Huron Co.
    

        • Monroeville
    

          • West Branch Huron River
    
    		http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_44706.htm 
    


      • Ottawa Co.
    

        • South Bass Island
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Sandusky Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Wood Co.
    

        • Custar
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    



        • West Millgrove
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Wyandot Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    

    • Pennsylvania
    

      • Luzerne Co.
    
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 46-47; Barnes, John H. (1973), "Three New Minerals for PA," PA Geol., Vol. 4(4):31; Finkelman, Robert B., et al (1974), "O
    


      • York Co.
    

        • East Manchester Township
    

          • Emigsville
    

    

    • Tennessee
    

      • Sevier Co.
    

        • Great Smoky Mts
    
    		Coskren, T. D. & Lauf, R. J. (2000): The Minerals of Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. Mineralogical Record, 31, 163-175.
    

    • Virginia
    
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Buckingham Co.
    

        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Frederick Co.
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Highland Co.
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Louisa Co.
    

        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    

          • Mineral
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Rockbridge Co.
    

        • Glasgow
    
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:157.
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Wise Co.
    

        • East Stone Gap
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    • Washington
    

      • Okanogan Co.
    

        • Little Whiskey Mountain
    
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    



Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    

    


    

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