Mindat Logo
Home Page Log In Message Board The Mindat Directory
Register Search Pages Chat Now! (3 online) Mindat Auctions

Hexahydrite

Big Photo

Le Cetine di Cotorniano Mine (Le Cetine Mine; Cetine Mine; Rosia), Chiusdino, Siena Province, Tuscany, Italy

Show Hexahydrite Photos (4)
Formula:
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
System:MonoclinicColour:Colourless, white, pale ...
Lustre:Vitreous, PearlyHardness:2 - 2½
Name:In allusion to its composition, having six (HEXA-) molecules of water (HYDR-) in its formula.


Hexahydrite Group.

Classification of Hexahydrite

IMA status:Valid - first described prior to 1959 (pre-IMA) - "Grandfathered"
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/C.05-10
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.CB.25

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
B : With only medium-sized cations
Dana 8th edition ID:29.6.8.1

29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
6 : AXO4·xH2O
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.3.5

25 : Sulphates
3 : Sulphates of Mg
mindat.org URL:http://www.mindat.org/min-1891.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

Type Occurrence of Hexahydrite

Type Locality:Bonaparte River, Lillooet Mining Division, British Columbia, Canada
Year of Discovery:1911

Physical Properties of Hexahydrite

Lustre:Vitreous, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):Transparent, Opaque
Colour:Colourless, white, pale greenish; colourless in transmitted light.
Hardness (Mohs):2 - 2½
Cleavage:Perfect
On {100}, perfect.
Fracture:Conchoidal
Density (measured):1.757 g/cm3
Density (calculated):1.745 g/cm3

Crystallography of Hexahydrite

Crystal System:Monoclinic
Class (H-M):2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:P2/m {P1 1 2/m} {P2/m} {P1 2/m 1}
Cell Parameters:a = 24.44Å, b = 7.21Å, c = 10.11Å
β = 98.28°
Ratio:a:b:c = 3.39 : 1 : 1.402
Unit Cell Volume:V 1,762.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:Good crystals rare; usually thick tabular {001}. Coarse columnar to delicately fibrous.
Twinning:1. On {001}; 2. on {110}.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data Set:
Horizontal Axis: ° to ° Vertical Axis: % Source Data: Filtered Data: Peaks:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Optical Data of Hexahydrite

Type:Biaxial (-)
RI values: nα = 1.426 nβ = 1.453 nγ = 1.456
2V:Measured: 38° , Calculated: 36°
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.030

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Moderate
Dispersion:none

Chemical Properties of Hexahydrite

Formula:
MgSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
Essential elements:H, Mg, O, S
All elements listed in formula:H, Mg, O, S
Analytical Data:Reportedly rehydrates to Epsomite in humid air.
Relationship of Hexahydrite to other Species
Member of Group:
Hexahydrite Group:
MSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- + 
7.CB.05Dwornikite
(Ni,Fe)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Gunningite
(Zn,Mn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Poitevinite
(Cu,Fe,Zn)SO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szmikite
MnSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Szomolnokite
FeSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.05Cobaltkieserite
CoSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
7.CB.07Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
7.CB.10Bonattite
CuSO
 
4
·3H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Aplowite
(Co,Mn,Ni)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Boyleite
(Zn,Mg)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Ilesite
(Mn,Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Rozenite
FeSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15Starkeyite
MgSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.15IMA2002-034
CdSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Chalcanthite
CuSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Jôkokuite
MnSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.20Siderotil
FeSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Bianchite
(Zn,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Chvaleticeite
(Mn,Mg)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Ferrohexahydrite
FeSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Moorhouseite
(Co,Ni,Mn)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.25Nickelhexahydrite
(Ni,Mg,Fe)SO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.30Retgersite
NiSO
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Bieberite
CoSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Boothite
CuSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Mallardite
MnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Melanterite
FeSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Zincmelanterite
(Zn,Cu,Fe)SO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.35Alpersite
(Mg,Cu)[SO
 
4
] · 7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Goslarite
ZnSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.40Morenosite
NiSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·17H
 
2
O
7.CB.45Meta-alunogen
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·12H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Coquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Paracoquimbite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·9H
 
2
O
7.CB.55Rhomboclase
(H
 
5
O
 
2
)Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·2H
 
2
O
7.CB.60Kornelite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·7H
 
2
O
7.CB.65Quenstedtite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·10H
 
2
O
7.CB.70Lausenite
Fe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Lishizhenite
ZnFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.75Römerite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·14H
 
2
O
7.CB.80Ransomite
CuFe
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·6H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Apjohnite
Mn
2+
 
Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Bílinite
Fe
2+
 
Fe
3+
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Dietrichite
(Zn,Fe
2+
 
,Mn
2+
 
)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Halotrichite
FeAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Redingtonite
(Fe
2+
 
,Mg,Ni)(Cr,Al)
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.85Wupatkiite
(Co,Mg,Ni)Al
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
7.CB.90Meridianiite
MgSO
 
4
·11H
 
2
O
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- + 
25.3.1Kieserite
MgSO
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.3.2Sanderite
MgSO
 
4
·2H
 
2
O
25.3.3Starkeyite
MgSO
 
4
·4H
 
2
O
25.3.4Pentahydrite
MgSO
 
4
·5H
 
2
O
25.3.6Epsomite
MgSO
 
4
·7H
 
2
O
25.3.7Caminite
Mg
 
7
[(OH)
 
4
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
] · H
 
2
O
25.3.8Vanthoffite
Na
 
6
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
4
25.3.9Blödite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
25.3.10Konyaite
Na
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·5H
 
2
O
25.3.11Löweite
Na
 
12
Mg
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
13
25.3.12Uklonskovite
NaMg[F|SO
 
4
] · 2H
 
2
O
25.3.13Langbeinite
K
 
2
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.3.14Leonite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
25.3.15Picromerite
K
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.3.16Efremovite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
25.3.17Boussingaultite
(NH
 
4
)
 
2
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·6H
 
2
O
25.3.18Pickeringite
MgAl
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
·22H
 
2
O
Other Names for Hexahydrite
Other Languages:
German:Hexahydrit
Russian:Гексагидрит
Spanish:Hexahydrita
Other Information
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
References for Hexahydrite
Reference List:Johnston (1911) Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report 1910: 256.



Walker and Parsons (1927) University of Toronto Stud., Geology Service: 24: 21.



Dolivo-Dobrovolsky (1929) Mineralogicheskoe Obshchestvo, Leningrad, Zapiski: [2]: 58: 3.



Kokta (1935) Publ. Fac. Science, University Masaryk, Brno: 166.



Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 494-495.



Acta Crystallographica: 17: 235-240.



Mineralogical Abstracts: 74 (1974): 3459.


Internet Links for Hexahydrite
Search Engines:












  • Look for Hexahydrite on Google
    • 


  • Look for Hexahydrite images on Google
    • External Links:
  • Look for Hexahydrite on Webmineral
  • Look for Hexahydrite on Athena Mineralogy
  • Look for Hexahydrite on Wikipedia
  • Look for Hexahydrite on Mineralien Atlas
  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
  • Search for Hexahydrite in the Natural History Museum (London) online catalogue
  • Hexahydrite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
    • Mineral Dealers:
  • High-end worldwide specimens & outstanding customer service
  • Wright's Rock Shop - excellent mineral specimens since 1970
  • Edwards Minerals - Fine Specimens
  • Wilensky Fine Minerals
  • Buy Fine Minerals from mineralsweb.com
  • Top quality minerals from Kristalle of California
  • rare and unusual minerals mainly crystallized
  • Lapis Mineral Magazin
  • Fabre Minerals - search for Hexahydrite specimens
  • Buy minerals from Mineralium.com
  • Search for - Hexahydrite - on e-Rocks Mineral Sales & Auctions
  • Buy from David K Joyce minerals
    • Jobs:
  • Mining & Geology Jobs
    • Page Sponsor
    Sponsorship:This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
    Localities for Hexahydrite
    






    


    

    
Hide Locality List
    

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the  symbol to view information about a locality. 
The  symbol next to localities in the list
can be used to jump to that position on the map.

    


    



     		

    (TL) indicates type locality.  ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.

    Antarctica
     
    

    • Eastern Antarctica
    

      • Queen Maud Land (Dronning Maud Land)
    

        • Lützow-Holm Bay
    

          • East Ongul Island
    
    		Watanuki/ Torii/ Nishiyama/ Morikawa, 1979
    Argentina
     
    

    • Jujuy
    

      • El Palmar District
    
    		Marquez-Zavalia, Maria Florencia, Lomniczi de Upton, Irene & Galliski, Miguel Angel (2001): Krausite in fumaroles from Santa Barbara mine, northwestern Argentina. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte  2001, 378-384. ; Zavalia, Maria Florencia Marquez & Galliski, Miguel Angel (1995): Goldichite of fumarolic origin from the Santa Barbara mine, Jujuy, northwestern Argentina. Canadian Mineralogist 33, 1059-1062. 
    Australia
     
    

    • Queensland
    
    		[MinRec 19 p469-490 - "Sielecki, R: The Mount Isa-Cloncurry mineral field"]
    

    • Western Australia
    

      • Wiluna Shire
    

        • Mount Keith
    
    		Grguric, B.A. (2003) Minerals of the MKD5 nickel deposit, Mount Keith, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 9, No. 2 , pg. 55-71.
    Austria
     
    

    • Burgenland
    

      • Großpetersdorf
    

        • Badersdorf
    
    		http://www.badersdorf.at/Wirtschaft/holler/minerale.htm
    

    • Carinthia
    

      • Gailtaler Alpen & Karnische Alpen Mts
    

        • Kirchbach
    

          • Oberbuchach
    
    		J. Mörtl: Carinthia II 192./112.:329-330 (2002)
    

    • Salzburg
    

      • Hallein
    

        • Dürrnberg
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    



        • Gartenau
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs (1989)
    


      • Hohe Tauern Mts
    

        • Gastein valley
    

          • Bad Hofgastein
    
    		A. Strasser: Die Minerale Salzburgs, 1989
    

    • Styria
    

      • Ennstaler Alpen Mts
    

        • Admont
    
    		Meixner, H. (1977); R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    


      • Fischbacher Alpen Mts
    

        • St. Jakob-Breitenau
    

          • Hochlantsch Mt.
    
    		Bojar, H.-P. (2007)
    


      • Liesing - Palten valley
    

        • Kalwang
    

          • Langteichengraben (Lange Teichen)
    

            • Teichen Mine
    
    		Taucher, J. (1996)
    


      • Niedere Tauern Mts
    

        • Hohentauern
    

          • Sunk
    
    		Kolitsch, U. & Brandstätter, F. (2006)
    

    • Upper Austria
    

      • Bad Ischl
    

        • Perneck
    
    		R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
    Canada
     
    

    • British Columbia
    

      • Lillooet Mining Division
    
    		Jonhston (1911) Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report 1910: 256; Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged, 1124 pp.: 494.
    


No reference listed
    

    • Northwest Territories
    
    		Rocks & Min 81:1 pp 24-32
    

    • Nunavut Territory
    

      • Baffin Island
    

        • Nanisivik
    
    		[MinRec 21:533]
    

    • Ontario
    

      • Cochrane District
    

        • Porcupine District
    

          • Dundonald Township
    

            • Timmins
    
    		geological survey of canada paper 73-13
    

    • Québec
    

      • Abitibi-Témiscamingue
    

        • Abitibi RCM
    

          • La Motte
    
    		Sabina (2003)126
    

    • Yukon Territory
    

      • Dawson Mining District
    
    		MinRec 23:4-47
    


No reference listed
    Czech Republic
     
    

    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
    

      • Central Bohemia Region
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.
    


      • Hradec Králové Region
    

        • Trutnov (Trautenau)
    

          • Radvanice
    
    		Jirásek, J.: Thermal Changes of the Rocks in the Dump Pile of the Kateřina Colliery in Radvanice (Eastern Bohemia). Ostrava: VSB – Technical University of  Ostrava, Institute of Geological Engineering - 541, 2001. 69 p.    
    


      • Karlovy Vary Region
    

        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
    

          • Ostrov
    
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
    

    • Moravia (Mähren; Maehren)
    

      • South Moravia Region
    

        • Hodonín
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.; Kruťa T. (1944): Nález nové recentní síry a salmiaku v Kelčanech na Moravě. Věda přírodní, 23, 61.
    



        • Oslavany
    
    		Dokoupilova P., Sulovsky P., Losos Z. 2006: Hematite, hexahydrite and picromerite group from the mine waste of the coal mine Kukla in Oslavany. Mineralogia Polonica - Special Papers, vol. 28, 57-59
    


      • Vysočina Region
    

        • Rožná deposit
    
    		Petr Pauliš 
    Egypt
     
    

    • Western Desert
    

    France
     
    

    • Auvergne
    

      • Haute-Loire
    

        • Blesle
    
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM and Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
    



        • Lubilhac
    
    		R. Pierrot, P. Picot, J.J. Périchaud : "Inventaire Minéralogique du Cantal", BRGM / Editions G. de Bussac, 1971
    Germany
     
    

    • North Rhine-Westphalia
    

      • Aachen
    

        • Alsdorf
    
    		Blaß, G. and Graf, H.-W. (1996): Neue mineralogische Erkenntnisse und neue Funde aus Eifel, Schwarzwald und Siegerland. Mineralien-Welt 7 (2), 55-64. (in German)
    


      • Eifel Mts
    

        • Düren
    

          • Untermaubach
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    


      • Ruhr Coal Mining area
    

        • Herne
    
    		No reference listed
    


      • Sauerland
    

        • Marsberg
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Saxony-Anhalt
    

      • Stassfurt Potash deposit
    

        • Tarthun
    
    		No reference listed
    

    • Saxony
    

      • Erzgebirge
    

        • Schlema-Hartenstein District
    
    		T. Witzke (1992): Neues zu den Mineralien von Schlema-Hartenstein und der Grube König David, Schneeberg, Erzgebirge.-  Mineralien-Welt 3(6), 16-18
    


      • Oberlausitz
    

        • Kamenz
    
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    



Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    

    • Thuringia
    

      • Gera
    

        • Ronneburg U deposit
    
    		T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    



T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998(7/8), 26-64
    


      • Wurzbach
    

        • Lehesten
    
    		- Liebeskind, W., Lehrieder, E. (1992): Der Lehester Schieferbergbau, Der Aufschluss, Vol. 43, 139-153
    Greece
     
    

    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
    

      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
    

        • Lavrion District Mines
    

          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    

            • Kamariza Mines (Kamareza Mines)
    

              • Hilarion area
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Plaka
    

            • Plaka Mines
    
    		No reference listed
    




          • Sounion area
    

            • Sounion Mines
    
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Greenland
     
    

    • Kitaa (West Greenland) Province
    

      • Maniitsoq (Sukkertoppen)
    

        • Søndre Isortoq Firth
    

          • Sarfartoq region
    
    		Petersen, O. V. and Secher, K. (1993): The minerals of Greenland, The Mineralogical Record, Vol. 24(2), 1-65
    Hungary
     
    

    • Baranya Co.
    

      • Mecsek Mts.
    

        • Komló
    
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    

    • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Co.
    

      • Aggteleki Mts.
    
    		Koch: Minerals of Hungary, 1985
    


      • Borsodi Mts.
    

        • Kurityán
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    


ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    



    


Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    


      • Bükk Mts.
    

        • Miskolc
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    




          • Ómassa
    
    		HOM Collection 2005
    


      • Rudabányai Mts.
    

        • Rudabánya
    
    		Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    



Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya, 2001
    


      • Upponyi Mts.
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    


      • Zempléni Mts.
    

        • Tállya
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    

    • Győr-Moson-Sopron Co.
    

      • Soproni Mts.
    

        • Sopron
    
    		Mineral Species of Hungary, 2005
    

    • Heves Co.
    

      • Mátra Mts.
    

        • Gyöngyösoroszi
    
    		Farkas, I. M. & Weiszburg, T. G. (2009): Mitt. Österr. Mineral. Ges. 155,  57. (Abs.)
    

    • Nógrád Co.
    

      • Cserhát Mts.
    
    		Geoda - Journal of the Hungarian Friends of Minerals, 2007 august.
    


      • Karancs-Medves Mts.
    

        • Somoskőújfalu
    
    		Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral Species of Hungary, 2006
    

    • Pest Co.
    

      • Budai Mts.
    

        • Budapest
    
    		ACTA MIN. PETR. Suppl. Tomus XXXVIII., 1997
    Italy
     
    

    • Piedmont
    

      • Torino Province
    

        • Canavese District
    

          • Léssolo
    

            • Cálea
    
    		Piccoli, G.C., Maletto, G., Bosio, P., Lombardo, B. (2007). Minerali del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta. Associazione Amici del Museo "F. Eusebio" Alba, Ed., Alba (Cuneo) 607 pp.
    


      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
    

        • Ossola Valley
    

          • Antrona Valley
    
    		De Michele, V. (1974). Guida mineralogica d'Italia. Istituto Geografico De Agostini, Novara, 2 vol.
    

    • Tuscany
    

      • Livorno Province
    

        • Elba Island
    

          • Capoliveri
    

            • Cape Calamita Mine (Calamita Mine)
    
    		C.L. Garavelli (1957) – Minerali di cobalto, bonattite, e solfato di Mg esaidrato e tetraidrato tra i minerali di alterazione del giacimento elbano di Capo Calamita Calamita – Rend. Soc. Min. It., 13: 268-270.
    


      • Siena Province
    

        • Chiusdino
    
    		Mineralogical Record, 15 (1), 27-36.
    Japan
     
    

    • Hokkaido Island
    

      • Oshima peninsula
    

        • Kaminokuni
    
    		Nambu et al (1980) Sanko-Gakkai Kou'en-Youshi, 67.
    Mexico
     
    

    • Durango
    

      • Mun. de Mapimí
    

        • Mapimí
    
    		No reference listed
    



Panczner (1987): 274.
    Morocco
     
    

    • Souss-Massa-Draâ Region
    

      • Ouarzazate Province
    

        • Tazenakht
    
    		S. Weiß: Lapis 31(7/8), 72-73 (2006)
    Norway
     
    

    • Buskerud
    

      • Modum
    

        • Snarum
    
    		Bryhni (1972); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    

    • Hordaland
    

      • Kvinnherad
    
    		Ellingsen, R.(1989):" Funn av sjeldne sulfatmineraler i Kvinnherad". NAGS-nytt 16(1), 25-26
    

    • Oppland
    

      • Lom
    
    		Griffin (1975); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    


      • Vågå
    
    		T.T. Garmo (1974, pers. com.); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    

    • Oslo
    
    		Neumann (1985, p. 109, collected by H. Soot-Ryen in 1968).
    

    • Sør-Trøndelag
    

      • Meldal
    

        • Løkken Verk
    
    		Jørgensen, L. B. & Sagvold, E. B. (2001): Geologiske severdigheter og mineralforekomster i Løkkenfeltet. Orkla Industrimuseum 42p
    



Jørgensen, L. B. & Sagvold, E. B. (2001): Geologiske severdigheter og mineralforekomster i Løkkenfeltet. Orkla Industrimuseum 42p
    


      • Oppdal
    

        • Vinstradalen
    
    		Witsø, T. (2005): Mineraler i Vinstradalen, Oppdal. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 30: 72-73
    

    • Telemark
    

      • Fyresdal
    
    		Nordrum (1976); Neumann (1985, p. 109).
    Poland
     
    

    • Upper Silesia (Śląskie)
    

      • Upper Silesian Coal Basin
    

        • Katowice area
    

          • Łaziska
    
    		Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska, Upper Silesia.Mag. Thesis (unpublished)
    

    • Wielkopolskie
    
    		powder rtg. 2007
    Russia
     
    

    • Far-Eastern Region
    

      • Kamchatka Oblast'
    
    		[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p163-180]
    


[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180]
    

    • Northern Region
    

      • Murmanskaja Oblast'
    

        • Kola Peninsula
    

    Slovakia
     
    

    • Banská Bystrica Region
    

      • Kremnica Mts
    
    		Ďuďa R., 1993 : Die mineralien der Gold und Silber - lagersttäte von Kremnitz ( Kremnica) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern,Nemecko/,5, s. 20 - 32
    


      • Western Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    

        • Podrečany
    
    		Koděra et all.,1990: Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, I-III, 1590p
    

    • Košice Region
    

      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
    
    		Koděra,  M.  et al., 1986 a  1990 : Topografická mineralógia Slovenska, diel  1- 3, Veda – Vydavateľstvo SAV, Bratislava, 1990, 1 – 1590k
    


Ďuďa R., Peterec D., 1995 : Die Mineralien der siderit - baryt lagersttäte von Rudňany ( Kotterbach ) in der Slowakei. Mineralien Welt /Haltern/, 1, s.20 - 31
    South Africa
     
    

    • Mpumalanga Province
    
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    

    • Andalusia
    

      • Córdoba
    

        • Villanueva de Córdoba
    
    		Schnorrer, G. (2000): Die Minerale der ehemaligen Grube Espuela de San Miguel bei Villanueva de Cordoba, Prov. Cordoba in Spanien. Der Aufschluss, 51, 211-222. (in German)
    


      • Huelva
    

        • Minas de Riotinto
    
    		MinMag 67(2):263-278
    Switzerland
     
    

    • Ticino (Tessin)
    

      • Lago Maggiore
    

        • Brissago
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 215.
    

    • Vaud (Waadt)
    

      • Bex
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 215.
    

    • Wallis (Valais)
    

      • Anniviers Valley
    

        • Ayer
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 215.
    


      • Conthey
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 215.
    


      • Martigny
    

        • Mont Chemin
    
    		Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 215.
    Turkmenistan
     
    

    • Balkan Province
    

    Ukraine
     
    

    • Crimea Oblast'
    

      • Crimea peninsula
    

        • Alushta
    
    		Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
    



        • Balaklava area
    
    		Dobrovolskaya T.I., Polkanov Y.A. The Paleovolcano Fiolent. Giude (2004) - Simferopol, 2004, 19 p. (in Russ.)  Oleg V. Zinchenko at al. (2008).The mineralogy of seasonal sulfates in the cape Fiolent - Zapiski Ukrainskogo Mineralogichnogo Tovaristva (Proceeding Ukrainian Mineralogical Society), 2008, #5, p. 75-83 (in Ukr.)
    



        • Saki
    
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 495.
    


      • Simferopol area
    
    		A. Tischenko. Minerals of the Crimea - World of stones, 1996, #9, p. 9-18
    



        • Ukrainka village area
    
    		- Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) - Zapiski Krymskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Proceeding of the Crimea Society of Naturalistes), 1914, vol. 4, p. 1-208 (Rus.)  - Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
    

    • Donets'k Oblast' (Donetsk Oblast')
    

      • Gorlovka
    

        • Novyy Donbass
    
    		Möckel, S. & Frischmann, N. (1992): Mineralien der Quecksilberlagerstätte Nikitovka in der Ukraine. Mineralien-Welt, 3, 14-15. (in German)
    USA
     
    

    • Arizona
    

      • Cochise Co.
    

        • Mule Mts
    

          • Warren District
    
    		No reference listed
    





Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Graeme, R. (1981), Famous mineral localities: Bisbee, AZ, Min.Rec.: 12: 256-319.
    

Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251; Wenrich, K.J. & H.B. Sutphin (1988), Recognition of breccia pipes in northern Arizona, AZ Bur. Geol. Min. Tech. Fieldnotes: 18: 1-5, II.
    



        • Grand Canyon National Park
    

          • South Rim
    

            • Orphan District
    

              • Grand Canyon Village
    
    		Gornitz, V. (2004), Grand Canyon Uranium: The Orphan Mine, Mineral News: 20(6): 7.
    


      • Pinal Co.
    

        • San Manuel District
    

          • San Manuel
    

            • San Manuel Mine (Apex Lead & Vanadium Mining Corp Mine; Quarelli group)
    
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 251, 264; Anthony, J.W. & W.J. McLean (1976), Jurbanite, a new post-mining aluminum sulfate mineral from San Manuel, AZ, Am.Min.: 61: 1-4.
    

    • California
    

      • Alameda Co.
    

        • Oakland
    

          • Leona Heights
    

            • Leona Heights deposit
    
    		No reference listed
    





[Mineralogical Record 20 129-142]
    


      • Inyo Co.
    

        • Death Valley
    
    		Econ Geol (1996) 91:622-635
    

    • Colorado
    

      • Fremont Co.
    

        • Canon City District
    

          • Canon City
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Jefferson Co.
    

        • Ralston Buttes District
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    


      • Mesa Co.
    
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B.
    

    • Connecticut
    

      • Middlesex Co.
    
    		Januzzi, 1976. Mineral Localities of CT & SE NY State, p.234
    

    • Indiana
    

      • Crawford Co.
    

    

    • Massachusetts
    

      • Franklin Co.
    

        • Rowe
    
    		Cerato, A.. 2003: Mineralogical Study of Davis Mine, Rowe, MA, Using X-Ray Diffraction Techniques
    

    • Michigan
    

      • Marquette Co.
    

        • Marquette iron range
    

          • Ishpeming
    
    		Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson
    

    • Nevada
    

      • Lander Co.
    

        • Bullion District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Storey Co.
    

        • Comstock District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    


      • Washoe Co.
    

        • Pyramid District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    



        • Wedekind District
    
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    

    • New Jersey
    

      • Sussex Co.
    

        • Franklin Mining District
    

          • Ogdensburg
    

            • Sterling Hill
    
    		Dunn(1995):Pt5:635.
    

    • New Mexico
    

      • Otero Co.
    
    		2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
    

    • New York
    

      • Putnam Co.
    

        • Brewster
    
    		Januzzi (1976) Mineral Localities of Connecticut & Southeastern New York State
    

    • Ohio
    

      • Adams Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Cuyahoga Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Franklin Co.
    

        • City of Columbus
    
    		Ernest H. Carlson. Jerret Whitford. "Occurrence And Mineralogy Of Efflorescence In Late Devonian Black Shales, North-Central Ohio." 2002 GSA Meeting: Web: http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_44706.htm 
    


      • Hancock Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Highland Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Huron Co.
    

        • Monroeville
    

          • West Branch Huron River
    
    		http://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_44706.htm 
    


      • Ottawa Co.
    

        • South Bass Island
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Sandusky Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Wood Co.
    

        • Custar
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    



        • West Millgrove
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


      • Wyandot Co.
    
    		Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    


Minerals of Ohio Bull. 69 ODNR
    

    • Pennsylvania
    

      • Luzerne Co.
    
    		Reed, Juliet C. (1976), Annotated Biblio. of Minerals New to the Pennsylvania List 1965-1974, The Mineralogical Society of PA, Inc.: 46-47; Barnes, John H. (1973), "Three New Minerals for PA," PA Geol., Vol. 4(4):31; Finkelman, Robert B., et al (1974), "O
    


      • York Co.
    

        • East Manchester Township
    

          • Emigsville
    

    

    • Tennessee
    

      • Sevier Co.
    

        • Great Smoky Mts
    
    		Coskren, T. D. & Lauf, R. J. (2000): The Minerals of Alum Cave Bluff, Great Smoky Mountains, Tennessee. Mineralogical Record, 31, 163-175.
    

    • Virginia
    
    		Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Buckingham Co.
    

        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Frederick Co.
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Highland Co.
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Louisa Co.
    

        • Gold-Pyrite Belt
    

          • Mineral
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Rockbridge Co.
    

        • Glasgow
    
    		Rocks & Min.: 60:157.
    

Minerals of Virginia 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    


      • Wise Co.
    

        • East Stone Gap
    
    		Minerals of Virginia, 1990 by R. V. Dietrich
    

    • Washington
    

      • Okanogan Co.
    

        • Little Whiskey Mountain
    
    		Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    



Minerals of Washington, Bart Cannon, 1975
    

    


    

    Mineral
 and/or
Locality

    

    
 
    
 
 Google
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
    
 
    

  
 
 
    
 
    
 
 
 www.mindat.org
 
 
 
 Web
 
 
    
 
    
 

 
 
 
 
 

    Copyright © Jolyon Ralph and Ida Chau 1993-2009.  Site Map. Locality, mineral & photograph data are the copyright of the individuals who submitted them.Further information contact the 
  Site hosted & developed by Jolyon Ralph.  
Mindat.org is an online information resource dedicated to providing free mineralogical information to all. Mindat relies on the contributions of
hundreds of members and supporters. If you would like to add information to improve the quality of our database, then click here
to register. Current server date and time: 14th Oct 2009 18:03:26