Krausite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
About Krausite
Edward Henry Kraus
Formula:
KFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Colour:
Pale lemon yellow, yellowish green, gray; colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Earthy
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.84
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by William F. Foshag in honor of Dr. Edward Henry Kraus [December 1, 1875 Syracuse, New York, USA - February 3, 1973 Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA], American mineralogist, University of Michigan.
This page provides mineralogical data about Krausite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2270
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2270:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
0d8f2b32-cffa-403f-af4e-a6c6cd1e6b97
IMA Classification of Krausite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
KFe3+(SO4)2 · H2O
Classification of Krausite
7.CC.05
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
C : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, with H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
29.5.1.1
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
5 : AB(XO4)2·xH2O
29 : HYDRATED ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
5 : AB(XO4)2·xH2O
25.11.7
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
25 : Sulphates
11 : Sulphates of Fe and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Ksi | IMAâCNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMAâCNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Krausite
Sub-Vitreous, Waxy, Earthy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Not vitreous
Colour:
Pale lemon yellow, yellowish green, gray; colourless to pale yellow in transmitted light.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect on {001}; Good on {100}
Perfect on {001}; Good on {100}
Density:
2.84 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.839 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Krausite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.588 nβ = 1.650 nγ = 1.722
2V:
Measured: 75°
Birefringence:
0.034
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.134
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
relatively strong
Optical Extinction:
Z=b, Y^c = -35°
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = Colourless
Y = Pale yellow
Z = Pale yellow
Y = Pale yellow
Z = Pale yellow
Comments:
2V large
Chemistry of Krausite
Mindat Formula:
KFe(SO4)2 · H2O
Crystallography of Krausite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Setting:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.91 Å, b = 5.15 Å, c = 8.99 Å
β = 102.75°
β = 102.75°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.536 : 1 : 1.746
Unit Cell V:
357.19 Ă
Âł (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
2
Morphology:
Commonly earthy to finely granular. Crystals may be short prismatic [001]; also equant to tabular {001}. Larger crystals tend to be rough and opaque, smaller ones brilliant and clear.
Crystal Structure
Load
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Show
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Big Balls | Small Balls | Just Balls | Spacefill
Polyhedra Off | Si Polyhedra | All Polyhedra
Remove metal-metal sticks
Display Options
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
Black Background | White Background
Perspective On | Perspective Off
2D | Stereo | Red-Blue | Red-Cyan
View
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
Rotation
Stop | Start
Stop | Start
Labels
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Console Off | On | Grey | Yellow
Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000141 | Krausite | Graeber E J, Morosin B, Rosenzweig A (1965) The crystal structure of krausite, KFe(SO4)2.H2O American Mineralogist 50 1929-1936 |  | 1965 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001008 | Krausite | Effenberger H, Pertlik F, Zemann J (1986) Refinement of the crystal structure of krausite: a mineral with an interpolyhedral oxygen-oxygen contact shorter than the hydrogen bond American Mineralogist 71 202-205 | | 1986 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.69 Ă | (70) |
| 4.40 Ă | (80) |
| 4.26 Ă | (50) |
| 3.69 Ă | (70) |
| 3.09 Ă | (100) |
| 2.77 Ă | (40) |
| 2.58 Ă | (40) |
| 2.55 Ă | (40) |
Comments:
ICDD 18-1028
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] | |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Geological Setting:
Oxidation material on pyrite bearing dumps.
Type Occurrence of Krausite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Secondary mineral in sulfate bearing chert.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Krausite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 36 photos of Krausite associated with Römerite | Fe2+Fe3+2(SO4)4 · 14H2O |
| 24 photos of Krausite associated with Coquimbite | AlFe3(SO4)6(H2O)12 · 6H2O |
| 23 photos of Krausite associated with Halotrichite | FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O |
| 5 photos of Krausite associated with Voltaite | K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 4 photos of Krausite associated with Sulphur | S8 |
| 4 photos of Krausite associated with Metavoltine | K2Na6Fe2+Fe3+6O2(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 3 photos of Krausite associated with Goldichite | KFe(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 3 photos of Krausite associated with Copper-bearing Melanterite | (Fe,Cu)SO4 · 7H2O |
| 3 photos of Krausite associated with Magnesiocopiapite | MgFe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
| 2 photos of Krausite associated with Copiapite | Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.CC. | Cobaltoblödite | Na2Co(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC. | Andychristyite | PbCu2+Te6+O5(H2O) |
| 7.CC. | Ammoniovoltaite | (NH4)2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12(H2O)18 |
| 7.CC.10 | Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.15 | Kalinite | KAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O |
| 7.CC.15 | Mendozite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 11H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Lonecreekite | (NH4)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Alum-(K) | KAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Alum-(Na) | NaAl(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Tschermigite | (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.20 | Lanmuchangite | Tl+Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Voltaite | K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Zincovoltaite | K2Zn5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Pertlikite | K2(Fe2+,Mg)2Mg4Fe3+2Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Ammoniomagnesiovoltaite | (NH4)2Mg2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.25 | Magnesiovoltaite | K2Mg5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O |
| 7.CC.30 | Kröhnkite | Na2Cu(SO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.35 | Ferrinatrite | Na3Fe(SO4)3 · 3H2O |
| 7.CC.40 | Goldichite | KFe(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.45 | Löweite | Na12Mg7(SO4)13 · 15H2O |
| 7.CC.50 | Blödite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.50 | Nickelblödite | Na2(Ni,Mg)(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.50 | Changoite | Na2Zn(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.55 | Leonite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.55 | Mereiterite | K2Fe(SO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Boussingaultite | (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Cyanochroite | K2Cu(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Mohrite | (NH4)2Fe(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Nickelboussingaultite | (NH4)2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Picromerite | K2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Nickelpicromerite | K2Ni(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.60 | Katerinopoulosite | (NH4)2Zn(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.65 | Polyhalite | K2Ca2Mg(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.70 | Leightonite | K2Ca2Cu(SO4)4 · 2H2O |
| 7.CC.75 | Amarillite | NaFe(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 7.CC.80 | Konyaite | Na2Mg(SO4)2 · 5H2O |
| 7.CC.85 | Wattevilleite | Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?) |
| 7.CC.85 | Xocolatlite | Ca2Mn4+2(Te6+O6)2 · H2O |
| 7.CC.90 | Eckhardite | (Ca,Pb)Cu2+Te6+O5(H2O) |
Fluorescence of Krausite
Not fluorescent
Other Information
Notes:
Slowly decomposed by water leaving ferric oxide.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Krausite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2270.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Krausite
Localities for Krausite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
â - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) +2 other references |
Canada | |
| Shang (2000) |
Chile | |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schluter +5 other references |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection (Uwe Kolitsch SXRD on Arturo Molina material) |
China | |
| Xu Ying-xia et al. (2006) |
France | |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDX ... |
Germany | |
| Thalheim +1 other reference |
Greece | |
| Dr. A. Godelitsas collection and ... +1 other reference |
| Branko Rieck collection | |
| Branko Rieck collection |
Hungary | |
| collector: GĂĄbor Koller +1 other reference |
Italy | |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) |
| Russo et al. (2017) |
| Russo et al. (2017) | |
| De Michele (1974) +1 other reference | |
| Campostrini I. et al - Vulcano: ein ... |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
| Mauro (2020) |
| Mauro D. (2016) | |
Mexico | |
| Am Min (1931) +2 other references |
Peru | |
| HyrĆĄl (2010) +2 other references |
Poland | |
| Cu +2 other references |
Romania | |
| Ć. Kruszewski & M. CegieĆka PXRD data +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
USA | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| part 2 +7 other references |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| rruff.geo.arizona.edu (n.d.) |
Quick NavTopAbout KrausiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPhysical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence Other LanguagesCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatFluorescence Other InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Willi Agatz mine, Dresden, Saxony, Germany