Aikinite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Aikinite
Formula:
PbCuBiS3
Colour:
Blackish lead-grey
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2 - 2½
Specific Gravity:
7.06 - 7.08
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Name:
Named by E.J. Chapman in 1843 in honor of Dr. Arthur Aikin (19 May 1773, Warrington, Lancashire, England – 15 April 1854, Hoxton, London, England), chemist. Aikin was a founder, and for many years Secretary, of the Geological Society of London. He also authored a 'Manual of Mineralogy'.
Various other names were used for the mineral in early literature. Mohs (1804) used nadelerz, Hauy (1809) referred to it simply as bismuth sulfuré plumbo-cuprifère. The name patrinite was used by Haidinger (1845), belonite was used by Glocker (1847), and aciculite was used by Nicol (1849).
Various other names were used for the mineral in early literature. Mohs (1804) used nadelerz, Hauy (1809) referred to it simply as bismuth sulfuré plumbo-cuprifère. The name patrinite was used by Haidinger (1845), belonite was used by Glocker (1847), and aciculite was used by Nicol (1849).
Type Locality:
Unique Identifiers
IMA Classification of Aikinite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CuPbBiS3
Classification of Aikinite
2.HB.05a
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
H : Sulfosalts of SnS archetype
B : With Cu, Ag, Fe, Sn and Pb
Dana 7th ed.:
3.4.5.1
3.4.5.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
5.7.9
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
7 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb and other metals
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Aik | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Aik | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) | The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download |
Physical Properties of Aikinite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Blackish lead-grey
Comment:
Tarnishes brown or copper red; sometimes has yellowish green coating. Cream-white in polished section.
Streak:
grey-black
Hardness:
2 - 2½ on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
on {010}
on {010}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
7.06 - 7.08 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.255 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Aikinite
Anisotropism:
Distinct
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 39.1% | 43.5% |
420nm | 39.2% | 44.0% |
440nm | 39.3% | 44.5% |
460nm | 39.4% | 44.9% |
480nm | 39.4% | 45.3% |
500nm | 39.5% | 45.7% |
520nm | 39.4% | 46.0% |
540nm | 39.3% | 46.2% |
560nm | 39.2% | 46.4% |
580nm | 39.0% | 46.3% |
600nm | 38.9% | 46.1% |
620nm | 38.9% | 45.8% |
640nm | 38.6% | 45.4% |
660nm | 38.3% | 44.9% |
680nm | 38.1% | 44.4% |
700nm | 37.9% | 43.9% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 46.4%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Cream-white
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
Parallel [001] cream-white perpendicular [001] either pure white or light brown.
Chemistry of Aikinite
Mindat Formula:
PbCuBiS3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Aikinite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Pnma
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.638(3) Å, b = 4.039(1) Å, c = 11.319(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 2.881 : 1 : 2.802
Unit Cell V:
532.06 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Prismatic to acicular and striated [001] to 1 m, striated parallel [001] , rarely radiating; also massive.
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009395 | Aikinite | Kohatsu I, Wuensch B J (1971) The crystal structure of aikinite, PbCuBiS3 Acta Crystallographica B27 1245-1252 | 1971 | 0 | 293 | ||
0010716 | Aikinite | Ohmasa M, Nowacki W (1970) A redetermination of the crystal structure of aikinite [BiS2|S|CuIVPbVII] Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 132 71-86 | 1970 | Beresowsk, Ural | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.671 Å | (100) |
3.615 Å | (69) |
3.592 Å | (96) |
3.183 Å | (84) |
3.166 Å | (80) |
2.863 Å | (83) |
2.589 Å | (50) |
Comments:
Beresovsk, Russia (ICDD 47-1736).
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
In hydrothermal veins.
Type Occurrence of Aikinite
Synonyms of Aikinite
Other Language Names for Aikinite
Varieties of Aikinite
Argentoaikinite | Unnecessary name for a silver-bearing aikinite. |
Relationship of Aikinite to other Species
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
33 photos of Aikinite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
10 photos of Aikinite associated with Gold | Au |
9 photos of Aikinite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
6 photos of Aikinite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
6 photos of Aikinite associated with Pavonite | AgBi3S5 |
6 photos of Aikinite associated with Ankerite | Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2 |
5 photos of Aikinite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
4 photos of Aikinite associated with Bismuth | Bi |
4 photos of Aikinite associated with Nuffieldite | Cu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7 |
3 photos of Aikinite associated with Hammarite | Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.HB. | Barikaite | Ag3Pb10(Sb8As11)S40 |
2.HB. | Carducciite | (Ag2Sb2)Pb12(As,Sb)16S40 |
2.HB. | Sardashtite | Ag9Cu2.5Pb41Sb36.5As7S112 |
2.HB. | Interliveingite | AgPb18As25S56 |
2.HB. | Reckibachite | Ag2Pb12As14Sb4S40 |
2.HB.05a | Friedrichite | Pb5Cu5Bi7S18 |
2.HB.05a | Gladite | PbCuBi5S9 |
2.HB.05a | Hammarite | Pb2Cu2Bi4S9 |
2.HB.05c | Jaskólskiite | CuxPb2+x(Sb,Bi)2-xS5 (x ~ 0.15) |
2.HB.05a | Krupkaite | PbCuBi3S6 |
2.HB.05a | Lindströmite | Pb3Cu3Bi7S15 |
2.HB.05b | Meneghinite | Pb13CuSb7S24 |
2.HB.05a | Pekoite | PbCuBi11S18 |
2.HB.05a | Emilite | Pb2.7Cu2.7Bi5.3S12 |
2.HB.05 | UM2000-46-S:BiCuPb | Cu0.33Pb0.33Bi7.67S12 |
2.HB.05a | Salzburgite | Pb1.6Cu1.6Bi6.4S12 |
2.HB.05 | UM1990-54-Se:BiCuPb | CuPb(Ni,Co)0.3Bi3Se6 |
2.HB.05a | Paarite | Pb1.7Cu1.7Bi6.3S12 |
2.HB.10c | Eclarite | (Cu,Fe)Pb9Bi12S28 |
2.HB.10b | Giessenite | Pb27Cu2(Bi,Sb)19S57 |
2.HB.10b | Izoklakeite | Pb27(Cu,Fe,Ag)2(Sb,Bi)19S57 |
2.HB.10a | Kobellite | Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69 |
2.HB.10a | Tintinaite | Pb22Cu4(Sb,Bi)30S69 |
2.HB.15 | Benavidesite | Pb4MnSb6S14 |
2.HB.15 | Jamesonite | Pb4FeSb6S14 |
2.HB.20d | Berryite | Cu3Ag2Pb3Bi7S16 |
2.HB.20b | Buckhornite | AuPb2BiTe2S3 |
2.HB.20a | Nagyágite | [Pb3(Pb,Sb)3S6](Au,Te)3 |
2.HB.20e | Watkinsonite | Cu2PbBi4(Se,S,Te)8 |
2.HB.20c | Museumite | [Pb2(Pb,Sb)2S8][(Te,Au)2] |
2.HB.20e | Litochlebite | Ag2PbBi4Se8 |
2.HB.20b | Jaszczakite | [Bi3S3][AuS2] |
2.HB.20e | Luxembourgite | AgCuPbBi4Se8 |
2.HB.25 | Meerschautite | (Ag,Cu)6Pb43-2xSb44+2xS112Ox (x ~0.5) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Aikinite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-63.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Aikinite
Reference List:
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Topa, Dan, Makovicky, Emil, Paar, Werner H. (2002) Composition ranges and exsolution pairs for the members of the bismuthinite-aikinite series from Felbertal, Austria. The Canadian Mineralogist, 40 (3) 849-869 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.40.3.849
Localities for Aikinite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| FRANCHINI (27º26'S-66º16'O) |
| PUTZ +1 other reference |
PUTZ +1 other reference | |
| Marquez-Zavalia et al. (2007) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
BRODTKORB +3 other references | |
| DE BRODTKORB |
| DE BRODTKORB +2 other references |
| DE BRODTKORB +2 other references |
| Testa et al. (2018) |
| February 2009 +3 other references |
Armenia | |
| Kovalenker et al. (2006) |
Australia | |
| Prof Ken McQueen presentation to New ... |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
| Fraser W J |
| Wormald (1993) +1 other reference |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... |
| portergeo.com.au (2016) |
| SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ... +1 other reference |
| Whitehead +1 other reference |
| Ralph Bottrill et al in prep. +1 other reference |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
| Hall (1990) |
| Hall (1990) +1 other reference |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
| Ciobanu et al. (2010) |
| Simon (2019) |
Simon (2019) | |
Simon (2019) | |
| Xue et al. (2014) |
| Hassan (2017) |
| Mueller +3 other references |
| Ferguson (1999) |
Austria | |
| Cook et al. (2007) |
| Paar et al. (1998) |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Kolitsch et al. (2013) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2017) |
| Kolitsch (2009) |
| W.H. Paar et al. (5) |
| Kolitsch (2010) |
| Tufar (1965) |
| Bechter (2010) +1 other reference |
| Bechter (2010) |
Bolivia | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 +1 other reference |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998) |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Jorge Muñoz Reyes (1955) |
USGS Bulletin # 1975 | |
| Geology and Mineral Resources of the Altiplano and Cordillera Occidental (USGS Bulletin no. 1975) |
Brazil | |
| e Souza et al. (2020) |
| Dressel et al. (2022) |
Bulgaria | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Todorov (1990) |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
| Kerestedjian (1997) |
| Bogdanov et al. (1997) +2 other references |
Singer et al. (2008) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +2 other references |
| Strashimirov et al. (2002) +3 other references |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Dobrev |
Dobrev | |
| [MinRec 22 p.439] |
Bonev (1993) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
Lips (2006) | |
| K. Bogdanov et al. (2005) |
www.bgd.bg (n.d.) +1 other reference | |
| ATANASSOVA +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
Canada | |
| Soregaroli (1968) |
| Montgomery (n.d.) |
| Hood et al. (1991) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Harris et al. (1975) |
| Parrish (1977) +1 other reference |
| Jambor (1982) |
| Badham et al. (1980) |
Badham et al. (1980) | |
| Somarin et al. (2022) |
| Traill |
| |
Trail | |
| Johan et al. (1987) |
China | |
| Dianfen Chen et al. (1998) |
| Xuehui Xia et al. (1996) +2 other references |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Jian et al. (2015) +2 other references |
| Wei Jian et al. (2014) |
| Liu et al. (2019) |
Shuzhang Tian et al. (1993) | |
| Jingqu Yao (1981) |
| Han et al. (2020) |
Han et al. (2020) | |
| Yihong Sun and Xiangmei Ren (1986) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) +1 other reference |
| Xiyuan Ren et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| 张中俭 et al. (2017) |
| Xiangping et al. (2001) |
| Yue et al. (2024) |
Yue et al. (2024) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992) |
| Kai Zhang and Yongdong Shi (2000) |
| Enkui Cao (1991) |
| Jian Zhang (1987) +1 other reference |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992) |
| Wei et al. (2022) |
| Zhaolong Li and Lianying Zhang (1999) +1 other reference |
| Zhenkuan Luo et al. (1992) |
| Lijuan Ying et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| Li et al. (2019) +2 other references |
| Zhou et al. (2018) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora et al. (2021) |
| Ondruš et al. (2003) |
Ondruš et al. (2003) | |
| Pauliš P et al. (2020) |
| Sejkora (1998) |
Sejkora (1998) | |
Sejkora (1998) | |
| Sejkora et al. (2015) |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) |
Egypt | |
| Helmy |
France | |
| "Les minéraux et al. (1977) |
| |
| Cesbron et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Chauris (2014) |
| R. Pierrot |
| R. Pierrot |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Wittern +1 other reference |
This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Ruhlmann (1978) |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Pierres et Terre |
| Cassian (2007) |
| R. Pierrot |
P. Picot | |
| R. Pierrot |
Georgia | |
| Ramaz Migineishvili (2005) |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| - (n.d.) |
| |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Walenta (1992) +1 other reference |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) |
| Nickel et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
| Belendorf et al. (2022) |
| Lapis 1989 (7/8) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Rolf Golze +3 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Förster et al. (2005) |
Wittern (2001) | |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Witzke et al. (2007) |
| Mineralien-Welt (2) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
Voudouris et al. (2003) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2010, April) +1 other reference |
| Vavelidis et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Voudouris et al. (2018) |
| HAKLI (1970) |
| Voudouris (2010) |
| Voudouris et al. (2018, July) |
| Korosidis et al. (2022, March) |
Greenland | |
| Karup-Møller (1977) +1 other reference |
Guyana | |
| Gabriel Voicu (1999) |
Hungary | |
| WDS: Norbert Zajzon |
| Takács et al. (2017) |
India | |
| Tripathi et al. (2022) |
Iran | |
| Karimpour et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Mehrabi et al. (2016) |
Ireland | |
| Ixer et al. (1990) |
Italy | |
| Guastoni et al. (2015) |
Carmagnola et al. (2019) | |
| Gentile et al. (2023) |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
| Fadda et al. (2005) |
| Vecchi et al. (2013) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Bombarda et al. (1999) +3 other references |
| Pegoraro S. et al. (2009) |
| Antonio Zordan |
Japan | |
| ISHIYAMA et al. (1990) |
| Imai et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
Yuningsih et al. (2018) | |
| Izumino et al. (2015) |
| Akasaka (2007) |
Akasaka et al. (2007, August) +1 other reference | |
| Yuya Izumino et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) +1 other reference |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2018) |
| Mozgova et al. (1994) |
| Глоба В.А. Месторождение Манка - новый геолого-промышленный тип месторождений золота. // Изв. НАН РК et al. (403) |
| D’yachkov et al. (2022) |
| Jeremolenko (2002) |
| Abulgazina et al. (1975) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Efimov A.V. Bismuthian mineralisation ... +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
| Baibatsha et al. (2015) |
Kosovo | |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
Mederski et al. (2021) | |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| Filippov et al. (2013) |
Mexico | |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Canet et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Bouabdellah et al. (2016) |
Myanmar | |
| Aung Myo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Nepal | |
| Kalin Kouzmanov et al. (2009) |
New Zealand | |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
| Railton et al. (1990) |
Nigeria | |
| www.smenet.org (2001) |
North Macedonia | |
| Petrunov et al. (2001) |
Norway | |
| Neumann et al. (1964) +1 other reference |
Peter Andresen collection (Visual id) | |
Neumann et al. (1964) +2 other references | |
| Field collected by Knut Eldjarn |
| Husdal et al. (2020) |
| Jan Andersen collection. XRD NHM |
| Larsen et al. (2018) |
Larsen et al. (2018) | |
| Størseth (2016) |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Espi et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
Peru | |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:228. |
| Singer et al. (2008) |
| Crowley et al. (1997) |
B. Duval | |
| Min.Rec. 28 (1997) |
| Bendezu et al. (2009) |
Poland | |
| Janeczek et al. (1991) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) |
| Gołębiowska B. et al. (Ag) +1 other reference |
Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
| Zimnoch E. 1978: Mineralizacja ... |
Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Kozłowski A. & Metz P. 2003: ... | |
| Pieczka et al. (2023) |
Pieczka et al. (2023) | |
| Singer et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
Portugal | |
| Marques de Sá et al. (2010) |
| Gaspar (2002) |
Romania | |
| Mineralogical Record: 27: 304. +2 other references |
Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
Shimizu et al. (1998) | |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook et al. (2004) |
| Buzatu et al. (2015) |
| Nigel G. Cook : "Bismuth Sulphosalts ... |
Russia | |
| Mozgova et al. (1994) |
| Potseluev et al. (2006) |
| Khomich V. G. and N. G. Vlasov (2001) |
| Volkov et al. (2008) +1 other reference |
| Zabotina M et al. (2014) |
Vikentev (2016, April) | |
| Damdinova et al. (2019) |
webmineral.ru (2016) +1 other reference | |
M.M. Povilaitis data (http://klopotow.narod.ru/mindata/locathn/R_Buryat/zakamensk/djida.html) +1 other reference | |
| Князев Ю. Г. et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Rogov et al. (2023) |
Rogov et al. (2023) | |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2018) |
| B. B. Damdinov et al. (2016) |
| Tolstykh et al. (2021) |
| Bazai et al. (2009) |
| Kasatkin (2019) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
Kondratieva et al. (2021) | |
| Gamyanin et al. (2015) |
| [Clark +4 other references |
Pekov (1998) | |
Yarosh et al. (1955) | |
| Ayupova et al. (2021) |
| Vikent'ev et al. (2006) |
| Vikent'eva et al. (2016, April) |
| Kiseleva et al. (2008) |
| Redin et al. (2015) |
| Eremin et al. (2014) |
| Efremov et al. (2021) |
| Prokof'ev et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
Serbia | |
Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic et al. (2007) | |
Radosavljević-Mihajlović et al. (2017) | |
Slovakia | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
| Koděra (1986) |
| |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. Diz.práca) |
| Jaroslav PRŠEK and Martin Chovan (2001) |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
Jeleň et al. (2012) | |
| Pauliš P. |
Háber et al. (SGR) | |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Koděra (1986) |
Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Pauliš P. |
| Hurný J. et al. (Spišsko-gemerské rudohorie) |
Hurný J. (1978) | |
| Pršek J. |
| Ozdin D. |
Ozdín D. (2003) | |
South Africa | |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
South Korea | |
| CHOI et al. (1985) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Navarro et al. (2009) |
Sweden | |
| Wilke (1976) |
| Dobbe (1991) |
Dobbe (1991) | |
| Alm +2 other references |
| Burke (1986) |
| |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Weibel (1990) +1 other reference |
| Most recent: Gea 1993/04 p.137 with ... |
| Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
Tajikistan | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
| Badalov et al. (1975) +1 other reference |
| Ятимов et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Badalov et al. (1975) | |
Badalov et al. (1975) +2 other references | |
Badalov et al. (1975) | |
| Lur'ye et al. (1971) |
Turkey | |
| Özgür (1993) |
A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and ... | |
| Yahya Çiftçi et al. (2013) |
| ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990) |
ÇAĞATAY et al. (1990) | |
UK | |
| Stanley et al. (1991) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) +3 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (1956) |
| Rumsey et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Lowry et al. (1994) |
| David H. M. Alderton (1986) |
David H. M. Alderton (1986) | |
| Pattrick |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Legge et al. (1939) +2 other references |
| Galbraith (1947) +1 other reference |
| Dunning et al. (2005) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Shannon et al. (1985) | |
| Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| A. Rosenzweig (1957) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Patrick Haynes. ID via Tony Kampf |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Rocks & Min.: 63: 366-384. +1 other reference |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Dana 7:I:413 +1 other reference |
| Economic Geology (1996) +1 other reference |
| The Mineralogy of The Butte District +1 other reference |
The Mineralogy of The Butte District +1 other reference | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Foor et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 26 (1988) | |
| Collected by Patrick Haynes. PXRD and ... |
| single crystal xrd by Travis Olds |
| Rocks & Min.: 60:99. |
| Bullock (1981) |
Dana 7:I:413. +3 other references | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
Bullock (1981) | |
Bullock (1981) | |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Rocks & Min.:60:168. |
Uzbekistan | |
| Kovalenker et al. (1984) +1 other reference |
| Kovalenker (2003) |
Kovalenker et al. (1997) |
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Berezovsk deposit, Beryozovsky, Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia