Rosasite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Rosasite
Rosas Mine, Truba Niedda Yard: dump.
Rosas Mine Complex, Narcao, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy
Rosas Mine Complex, Narcao, South Sardinia Province, Sardinia, Italy
Formula:
(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu:Zn ratio is near 3:2.
Colour:
Blue, blue-green to green, sky-blue; colourless to light blue in transmitted light.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Silky
Hardness:
4½
Specific Gravity:
4 - 4.2
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1908 by Domenico Lovisato after its discovery locality, the Rosas Mine, Sulcis, Sardinia, Italy.
Rosasite Group.
Rosasite is a secondary mineral found in the oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits.
Rosasite is a secondary mineral found in the oxidation zone of copper-zinc deposits.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
3447
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:3447:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
25898b88-20e1-4bd8-afe7-4ec5ecfd9375
IMA Classification of Rosasite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
CuZn(CO3)(OH)2
Classification of Rosasite
5.BA.10
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
A : With Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, Mg, Mn
16a.3.1.2
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
3 : (AB)2(XO3)Zq
11.6.3
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Rss | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Rosasite
Vitreous, Silky
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Blue, blue-green to green, sky-blue; colourless to light blue in transmitted light.
Streak:
Light blue
Hardness:
4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
In two directions at right angles.
In two directions at right angles.
Density:
4 - 4.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.15 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Rosasite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.672 - 1.688 nβ = 1.796 - 1.830 nγ = 1.811 - 1.831
2V:
Measured: 33° (5), Calculated: 36°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.139 - 0.143
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Dispersion:
r > v strong
Optical Extinction:
X = c; Y = a*; Z = b.
Pleochroism:
Strong
Comments:
X = Pale emerald green or Colourless
Y = Dark emerald green or Pale blue
Z = Dark emerald green or Pale blue
Y = Dark emerald green or Pale blue
Z = Dark emerald green or Pale blue
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.
Chemistry of Rosasite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu,Zn)2(CO3)(OH)2
Cu:Zn ratio is near 3:2.
Cu:Zn ratio is near 3:2.
Common Impurities:
Mg,Fe
Crystallography of Rosasite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/b
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.873(3) Å, b = 9.354(3) Å, c = 3.156(2) Å
β = 110.36(3)°
β = 110.36(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.376 : 1 : 0.337
Unit Cell V:
356.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Occurs as mammilary, botryoidal or verruciform crusts with a fibrous to spherulitic structure.
Twinning:
On {100}.
Comment:
Space group P21/a. Perchiazzi et al. (2017) give (note different setting, with smaller beta): P21/a, a 12.2436(29) Å, b 9.3555(19) Å, c 3.1535(6) Å, β = 98.69(3)°.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0011132 | Rosasite | Perchiazzi N (2006) Crystal structure determination and Rietveld refinement of rosasite and mcguinnessite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie Supplement 23 505-510 | 2006 | Ojuela mine, Durango, Mexico | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 6.05 Å | (90) |
| 5.07 Å | (90) |
| 3.69 Å | (90) |
| 3.016 Å | (40) |
| 2.962 Å | (70) |
| 2.870 Å | (30) |
| 2.600 Å | (100) |
| 2.534 Å | (50) |
| 2.499 Å | (40) |
| 2.354 Å | (30) |
| 2.339 Å | (40) |
| 2.144 Å | (50) |
| 2.013 Å | (20) |
| 1.968 Å | (25) |
| 1.696 Å | (35) |
| 1.571 Å | (35) |
Comments:
Data from Roberts et al. 1986.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
| 55 : Anthropogenic mine minerals |
Type Occurrence of Rosasite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Paris, France, number 109.327 (holotype).
Geological Setting of Type Material:
In the oxidised zone of a Zn-Cu deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Rosasite
Other Language Names for Rosasite
Varieties of Rosasite
Relationship of Rosasite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
| Chukanovite | Fe2+2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Glaukosphaerite | (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Mcguinnessite | (Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m |
| Nullaginite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Parádsasvárite | Zn2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Perchiazziite | Co2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Pokrovskite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
| Zincrosasite | (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 493 photos of Rosasite associated with Hemimorphite | Zn4Si2O7(OH)2 · H2O |
| 369 photos of Rosasite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 315 photos of Rosasite associated with Smithsonite | ZnCO3 |
| 243 photos of Rosasite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 214 photos of Rosasite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 193 photos of Rosasite associated with Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 175 photos of Rosasite associated with Cerussite | PbCO3 |
| 124 photos of Rosasite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 82 photos of Rosasite associated with Limonite | |
| 80 photos of Rosasite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.BA.05 | Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Georgeite | [Cu(OH)2-x(H2O)x][CO3]x/2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Glaukosphaerite | (Cu,Ni)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Kolwezite | CuCo(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Mcguinnessite | (Mg,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Nullaginite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Pokrovskite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Zincrosasite | (Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Chukanovite | Fe2+2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Parádsasvárite | Zn2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.10 | Perchiazziite | Co2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 5.BA.15 | Aurichalcite | (Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 5.BA.15 | Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
| 5.BA.20 | Holdawayite | Mn6(CO3)2(OH)7(Cl,OH) |
| 5.BA.25 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)1.58(Si2O7)0.21(OH)7[Cl0.50(OH)0.08(H2O)0.42] |
| 5.BA.25 | UM1977-03-COSiO:CaClH | Ca10-11(CO3)7(SiO4)Cl1-2(OH)1-2 |
| 5.BA.30 | Loseyite | (Mn2+,Zn,Mg)4Zn3(CO3)2(OH)10 |
| 5.BA.30 | Sclarite | Zn7(CO3)2(OH)10 |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in acids.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Rosasite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-3447.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Rosasite
Reference List:
Kingsbury, Arthur W. G., Hartley, J. (1957) New occurrences of rosasite in Britain. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 31 (237). 501-502 doi:10.1180/minmag.1957.031.237.14
Nickel, E. H., Berry, L. G. (1981) The new mineral nullaginite and additional data on the related minerals rosasite and glaukosphaerite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 19 (2) 315-324
Roberts, A .C., Jambor, J. L., Grice, J. D. (1986) The X-Ray Crystallography of Rosasite From Tsumeb, Namibia. Powder Diffraction, 1 (1) 56-57 doi:10.1017/s0885715600011301
Reddy, B. J. (2004) Spectroscopic characterisation of rosasite and aurichalcite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2004 (7) 302-316 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2004/2004-0302
Frost, Ray L. (2006) A Raman spectroscopic study of selected minerals of the rosasite group. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 37 (9) 910-921 doi:10.1002/jrs.1521
Frost, Ray L., Wain, Daria L., Martens, Wayde N., Reddy, B. Jagannadha (2007) Vibrational spectroscopy of selected minerals of the rosasite group. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 66 (4) 1068-1074 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.042
Frost, Ray L., Reddy, B. Jagannadha, Wain, Daria L., Martens, Wayde N. (2007) Identification of the rosasite group minerals—An application of near infrared spectroscopy. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 66 (4) 1075-1081 doi:10.1016/j.saa.2006.04.043
Frost, R. L., Wain, D. L., Martens, W. N., Reddy, B. J. (2007) The molecular structure of selected minerals of the rosasite group–an XRD, SEM and infrared spectroscopic study. Polyhedron, 26 (2) 275-283 doi:10.1016/j.poly.2006.05.046
Behrens, Malte, Girgsdies, Frank (2010) Structural Effects of Cu/Zn Substitution in the Malachite-Rosasite System . Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie, 636. 919-927 doi:10.1002/zaac.201000028
Localities for Rosasite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb (2006) |
Australia | |
| Michael Hirst Collection |
| Australia and New Zealand Micromineral ... |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Birch et al. (1997) |
| Collection of RJ Martin inferred from ... |
| Museum Victoria collection |
| Sielecki (1988) |
| Haupt |
| Pring et al. (2000) |
| Noble R.J. +1 other reference |
| Catalog of Sount Australian Minerals-1983 ("has been tentatively identified from the Spring Creek copper mine.") +1 other reference |
| Bottrill (2018) |
| Bottrill |
| Birch et al. (2007) |
| Nickel et al. (1993) |
| Grice et al. (1991) | |
| Nickel (1987) |
| Simpson Mineral Collection of the ... +7 other references |
| Secondar Minerals from the Braeside ... +4 other references | |
| Secondary Minerals from the Braeside ... +3 other references | |
| Nickel (1982) |
| Downes et al. (2011) |
Austria | |
| C.Auer (2015) |
| C.Auer (2013) |
| Gröbner (2000) |
| G. Blass (2001) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner | |
| A.Pichler (2012) |
| G. Blass (2000) |
| Puttner (1996) | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Carinthia II (2017) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| A.Pichler (2003) |
| A.Pichler (2003) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2011) |
| F.Bernhard | |
| Kirchner et al. (2007) |
| Poeverlein (1990) |
| Putz (2004) |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2000) |
| Neschen (n.d.) |
| Strasser (1989) | |
| Niedermayr et al. (2009) | |
| Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction) +1 other reference |
| Auer (2010) |
| Auer (2023) |
| [Lapis 1992: 2 p.19-30] |
| Schachinger et al. (2014) |
| Postl et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| 54. +1 other reference |
| 50. +1 other reference |
| Bogner et al. (2010) |
| Poeverlein |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| Kolitsch (2009) |
Belgium | |
| |
| Michel Blondieau collection |
| Blondieau (1997) +1 other reference |
| |
Bulgaria | |
| |
| www.geologija-revija.si (n.d.) +2 other references |
Chile | |
| gerhard mohn EDS and SEM |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... | |
| Maurizio Dini collection |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... |
| M. Dini & A.Molina Collections - analysed with quantitative and semi quantitative methods by Dr. Jochen Schluter (curator of Hamburg Mineral Museum) |
| Personally collected by Günter Frenz |
China | |
| Guicheng Huang et al. (2001) |
| Minzhi Yang (2003) |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora |
| Pauliš et al. (2023) |
| Sejkora et al. (2012) |
| Analysed by geology lab Green Gas DPB |
DR Congo | |
| Deliens (1996) |
Egypt | |
| Gatto Rotondo et al. (2012) |
| Ibrahim (2014) |
France | |
| Several AFM members collection |
| Duarte (2014) |
| Coueille (1988) |
| Favreau G. et al. (1996) |
| Yannick Vessely collection |
| De Ascencao Guedes R. (2001) |
| yves Mourey |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| Mines |
| Remy Ph. (2003) |
| Self collected Jean-Marie LAURENT - ... |
| Berbain et al. (2000) |
| Berbain C. & Aymar J. (1991) |
| Les Anciennes mines de Padern - Montgaillard ( Aude ) |
| idem (2005...) +1 other reference | |
| www.zampano.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
| Leconte J. et al. (2016) |
| Favreau et al. (2010) |
| Jean Claude Dol |
| Boisson et al. (2017) | |
| Le Cahier des micromonteurs |
| Vincent Schneider Collection |
| Yannick Vessely collection |
| Gol et al. (2010) |
| Stephane Maury Collection | |
| Chollet Pascal Collection | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Gol et al. (2010) | |
| Vincent Bourgoin collection. |
| Lheur et al. (1998) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Le Cahier des Micromonteurs |
| |
| Jean-Luc Portes Collection |
| Valerie GALEA-CLOLUS collection +1 other reference |
Germany | |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2019) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| www.berthold-weber.de (2001) |
| PETITJEAN collection |
| Blessing et al. (1991) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Lapis (1) |
| "Lithothek" collection of the ... | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| |
| |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
| Blaß et al. (2021) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Lapis (6) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler |
| Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen et al. (Munich) |
| |
| Blaß et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich (2008) |
| Schnorrer-Köhler (1987) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Graf et al. (1992) |
| Habel et al. (2009) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) | |
| Lapis 1988 (1) | |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Lapis 1988 (1) | |
| Lapis 1988 (1) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Henrich (2007) | |
| www.mineralienfreunde-der-pfalz.de (2015) |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Lapis 2001 (6) |
| Lapis (3) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Der Aufschluss Vol.55 |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Thomas Luehr collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis (10) |
Greece | |
| Schnorrer (1995) +2 other references |
| Fritz Schreiber specimen | |
| LAPIS 24 (7/8) +1 other reference | |
| Möckel (2000) | |
| Fritz Schreiber collection (Uwe Kolitsch PXRD and EDS analyses) |
| Fritz Schreiber collection | |
| Blaß et al. (1998) |
| Möckel (2000) |
| |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Lapis et al. (1999) | |
| Lavrion Mineral Museum collection | |
| Lavrion Mineral Museum collection |
| Branko Rieck collection +1 other reference |
| Branko Rieck collection |
| 62 +2 other references | |
| Jürgen Breitenbach collection |
Hungary | |
| Society of Economic Geologists Student Chapter University of Miskolc (2018) |
| Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya +1 other reference | |
| Zajzon N et al. (2014) |
| Szakáll - Gatter: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll-Gatter-Jánosi: Minerals of ... | |
Iceland | |
| Saemundsson et al. (2006) |
Iran | |
| Rick Turner |
| Bariand |
| S. Weiß: Lapis 29 (12) | |
| Vachik Hairapetian collection |
| Wilke (1977) |
Ireland | |
| |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2018) |
| Carnia (Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) +1 other reference |
| Negretti +2 other references |
| Collected & analyzed by Rossano Carlini | |
| various added photos | |
| analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf |
| G.M.Gramaccioli |
| G. Signorelli collection |
| Maida (2002) |
| Vergani et al. (2021) |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Vergani et al. (2020) | |
| Bedognè +2 other references |
| Lapis (10) |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Stara et al. (1999) |
| Olmi F. et al. (1995) |
| Mandarino (1996) |
| Moldovan et al. (2013) | |
| P.Stara | |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Brizzi G. et al. (1989) |
| Stara et al. (1996) | |
| Luigi Chiappino data |
| Preite et al. (2007) |
| Stara et al. (1995) |
| Lovisato (1908) +4 other references | |
| www.associazionemineralogicasarda.it (n.d.) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana 4/1992-"I minerali del giacimento di Monte Tamara (Nuxis) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) | |
| Stara et al. (1993) |
| Ciriotti M.E. and Blass.G. (2010) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Conedera M. et al. (2016) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| SEM/EDX analysis by AMI SIUK |
| Ferretti P. et al. (Lavis, Trentino-Alto Adige) |
| Canal et al. (2012) |
| Bortolozzi (n.d.) |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2013) |
| Paolo Gasparetto et al. (2014) |
| Marinai |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) | |
| Bazzoni C. et al. (2011) | |
| Sabelli C. et al. (GR) | |
| Bazzoni et al. (2007) | |
| Bazzoni C. et al. |
| Batacchi et al. (2011) |
| Bazzoni et al. (2001) | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana (1) |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Nannoni R. et al. (2012) +1 other reference |
| P. Roegner - Ratisbona Univ. - 1998 |
| Orlandi et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Boscardin et al. (1983) |
| Marco Bonifazi collection |
| Pedroni et al. (1996) |
| Boscardin M. et alii. "I minerali nel Vicentino" et al. (Vicenza) |
| Pegoraro et al. (1997) +2 other references |
| Pegoraro S. et al. (2009) |
| Pegoraro S. et al. (2009) | |
| Boscardin M. et al. (Vicenza) |
| M.Boscardin et al. (Vi) |
| Domenico Saccardo et al. (2019) +1 other reference |
Japan | |
| Hiroaki Tano specimen |
| Sakurai (1971) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
Madagascar | |
| Behier (1960) |
Mexico | |
| Panczner (1987) |
| - (2004) |
| Wilson (2004) | |
| Rocks & Min.: 56:247. +3 other references |
| Thomas P. Moore (2008) | |
| Thomas P. Moore (2008) | |
| Panczner (1987) | |
| Checked +2 other references |
| Carles Canet et al. (2011) |
Morocco | |
| JP Barral collection |
| Georges Favreau collection | |
| Georges Favreau collection |
| Barral (2023) | |
| Georges Favreau collection |
| Karel Bal Collection |
Myanmar | |
| Dill et al. (2013) |
Namibia | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Norway | |
| Raade et al. (1990) +1 other reference |
| Raade et al. (1990) |
| Raade et al. (1990) +2 other references | |
Poland | |
| Domań +2 other references |
Portugal | |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Pedro Alves collection and analytical ... |
| Pedro Alves analytical data |
| Gustavo Pereira Fernandes |
Romania | |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 40 (2002) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| webmineral.ru (2020) |
| Rakhimov et al. (2023) |
| Local geolofist S.V.Kolesnichenko data |
| Bukanov et al. (2012) |
| Vikentev et al. (2020) |
| [Mineralien Welt 6/92:62] |
Slovakia | |
| Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika) |
| Martin Števko-unpublished | |
| Števko M. et al. (in Slovak) |
Slovenia | |
| Žorž et al. (2002) |
South Africa | |
| Atanasova et al. (2016) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Cairncross et al. (1995) |
| Reeks (2007) |
| South African Micromount newsletter |
Spain | |
| |
| Georges Favreau collection |
| Viñals et al. (2008) | |
| Luigi Mattei specimen | |
| Ko Jansen | |
| FAVREAU et al. (2013) |
| Calvo (2012) |
| SEM-EDS analysed |
| Christiane & Jean-Robert Eytier ... |
| Georges Favreau collection |
| Jean-Marc Johannet collection |
| Solá |
| Calvo Rebollar (2012) |
| |
| Cesar Menor Salvan |
| Calvo et al. (2002) |
| |
| Joan Rosell |
| Pedro Mingueza et al. (2022) |
| Calvo et al. (Spain) |
| www.mineralogia.es (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| EDXS analyses in Feb. 2020 |
| EDXS analyses |
| Le Cristallier Suisse (7) +1 other reference |
| Vanini F. et al. (1998) | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Graeser (2008) |
| |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| 86. (in German) +3 other references |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
Tajikistan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
Tunisia | |
| G Brandstetter collection |
Turkey | |
| Jordi Fabre specimens |
UK | |
| Collection Richard De Nul |
| Elton et al. (2004) |
| Ansermet (2007) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +1 other reference |
| Day (1999) |
| Day (1999) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +1 other reference |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +3 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +2 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +2 other references |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +3 other references | |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +3 other references |
| Stanley et al. (1991) | |
| |
| M.Wirth collection |
| [BMS] |
| Kingsbury et al. (1957) +1 other reference | |
| BMS Collection |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1963 33 : 441-449 +1 other reference | |
| Dunham et al. (2nd Edition) |
| Mineralogical Magazine 1997 61 : 895-897 |
| Day (1999) |
| P. Nicholson Collection |
| Rust (1995) |
| Ford et al. (1993) | |
| Minerals of Machen Quarry |
| |
| Green et al. (1996) +1 other reference |
| |
| S.Rust Collection | |
| Day (1999) |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Evan Jones |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| "The Accidental Pocket" talk presented ... | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Rui Nunes - Jan2006 | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10039392 | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Self collected at Galvez mine dump | |
| Raman +1 other reference | |
| Butler et al. (1938b) +2 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10027116 |
| Knudsen (1983) +1 other reference | |
| Rocks & Min.: 65:17 +2 other references | |
| MRDS database Dep. ID file #10046274 | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Robert Jenkins Raman Spectroscopy |
| Wilson |
| Keith (1972) +2 other references |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Allen et al. (1988) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference |
| Williams et al. (1963) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Ronald Render | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Eckhard D. Stuart | |
| Olson (1966) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 228. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 228. +4 other references |
| Cooper +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 228. +4 other references |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Adams (2017) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Robert M. Housley (2005) |
| www.mineralsocal.org |
| Kepper et al. (2000) |
| [Mineralien Welt 1/93:44] |
| Collected by Jerry A. Baird. ... |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 229. +2 other references |
| U.S. Geological Survey Professional ... +2 other references |
| Rocks & Min.: 65: 61. +1 other reference |
| Frank Karasti |
| James A. Bauer +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Min.: 65:61. |
| Eckel et al. (1997) +1 other reference |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 | |
| Rocks & Minerals 82:368-380 | |
| Henderson et al. (1967) |
| David Busha collection |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Ream (2004) |
| Ream (2004) | |
| King et al. (1994) |
| Mines of the Washington D.C Area |
| Tom Buchholz found location and tested ... |
| Gobla (2012) |
| www.mineralnews.com (2002) |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Gobla (2012) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Gobla (2012) |
| Gabe Cangelosi Collection | |
| www.christuckerminerals.com and Chris ... |
| Chris Tucker Collection | |
| Per. Comm. from Eugene Ford re XRD ... +1 other reference |
| Min News 21:7 p 1 | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 20-33 |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Patrick Haynes | |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Doug Merson collection |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Rocks & Minerals. Nov. 1999. |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Dr. William S. Wise presentation to ... |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
| Nikischer (2017) | |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
| Castor et al. (2004) | |
| A. Plante collection +2 other references |
| Cook (1973) +1 other reference |
| II et al. (1994) +1 other reference |
| Patrick Haynes |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| D.Court collection | |
| Don Saathoff collection | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Personally collected +1 other reference | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference |
| DeMark (2004) |
| Min News 20:10 p 8 | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 +1 other reference | |
| Richard Green photo | |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 | |
| Robert E.Walstrom Collection |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| 2009 New Mexico Mineral Symposium ... +1 other reference | |
| Min News 20:6 p8 |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| Walstrom 2006 New Mexico Mineral ... |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) | |
| Walstrom (n.d.) |
| DeMark (1989) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Ex. Robert (Bob) +2 other references | |
| Jerry Cone Collection | |
| Michael C Michayluk Collection | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| [Mineralogical Record 30:337] | |
| Gibbs (1989) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Gibbs (1989) | |
| Northrop (1959) | |
| M Massis collection | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Roberts et al. (1997) |
| Collection of Alex Earl |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Thorne (n.d.) |
| Luetcke (n.d.) |
| Desor (11/2020) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 +1 other reference |
| Thorne (n.d.) | |
| Rocks & Minerals 83:1 pp 52-62 |
| Bullock (1981) +1 other reference |
| Rosemeyer (1997) |
Zambia | |
| Korowski et al. (1980) |
Zimbabwe | |
| Wolfgang Hampel (SEM-EDS, November 2014) |
| Vetter et al. (1999) +1 other reference |
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Rohdenhaus Quarry, Rohdenhaus, Wülfrath, Mettmann, Düsseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany