Heyrovskýite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Heyrovskýite
Formula:
Pb6Bi2S9
Colour:
Tin white
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
4 - 5
Specific Gravity:
7.17
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named in 1971 J, Klominsky, M. Rieder, C. Kieft, and L. Mraz in honor of Jaroslav Heyrovský [1890-1967], professor of chemistry at Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
Closely related to aschamalmite, but always contains minor Ag (Mumme et al., 1983).
Bi may be substituted by Sb (Ertl et al., 1994).
A heyrovskýite with a doubled c-axis (2x 4.08 A) is decribed by Ertl et al. (1994).
Bi may be substituted by Sb (Ertl et al., 1994).
A heyrovskýite with a doubled c-axis (2x 4.08 A) is decribed by Ertl et al. (1994).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
6993
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:6993:5
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
1973b990-516b-4e9c-86f0-0d8a5e9ee698
IMA Classification of Heyrovskýite
Approved
First published:
1971
Classification of Heyrovskýite
2.JB.40b
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
3.3.3.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
3 : SULFOSALTS
3 : 3 <ø < 4
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Hyv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Heyrovskýite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Tin white
Streak:
Greyish black
Hardness:
4 - 5 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN50=166 - 234 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
Density:
7.17 g/cm3 (Measured) 7.18 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Heyrovskýite
Anisotropism:
Strong, dark gray to white in air, grayish-white to brownish in oil.
Bireflectance:
Weak in air with color white to light gray, distinct bireflectance in oil, white, to grayish white.
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
470nm | 43.3% | 47.3% |
546nm | 40.6% | 44.6% |
589nm | 39.8% | 43.9% |
650nm | 39.6% | 43.7% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 47.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Heyrovskýite
Mindat Formula:
Pb6Bi2S9
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Heyrovskýite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal
Space Group:
Cccm
Setting:
Cccm
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.1457(3) Å, b = 13.7421(5) Å, c = 31.5005(12) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.302 : 1 : 2.292
Unit Cell V:
1794.6 ų
Z:
4
Comment:
Cell parameters from Pervukhina et al. (2012).
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.435 Å | (100) |
2.962 Å | (80) |
2.098 Å | (35) |
1.790 Å | (22) |
3.343 Å | (20) |
3.006 Å | (15) |
2.067 Å | (15) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Heyrovskýite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Acicular crystals less than 20 mm long and 0.1 to 0.5 mm thick, and in masses to 2 mm.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic, 14265.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Hydrothermal; high-temperature quartz veins.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Klomínský, K., Rieder, M., Kieft, C., Mráz, L. (1971) Heyrovskýite, 6(Pb0.86Bi0.08(Ag,Cu)0.04)S·Bi2S3, from Hurky, Czechoslovakia, a new mineral of genetic interest. Mineralium Deposita: 6: 133-147.
Synonyms of Heyrovskýite
Other Language Names for Heyrovskýite
German:Heyrovskit
Heyrovskýit
Heyrovskýit
Russian:Хейровскит
Simplified Chinese:富硫铋铅矿
Spanish:Heyrovskita
Heyrovskýita
Heyrovskýita
Traditional Chinese:富硫鉍鉛礦
Varieties of Heyrovskýite
Argentogoongarrite | Unnecessary name for an argentian variety of heyrovskýite. |
Relationship of Heyrovskýite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Andreadiniite | CuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Arsenquatrandorite | Ag17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Aschamalmite | Pb6-3xBi2+xS9 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Clino-oscarkempffite | Ag15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Erzwiesite | Ag8Pb12Bi16S40 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
Eskimoite | Ag7Pb10Bi15S36 | Mon. |
Fizélyite | Ag5Pb14Sb21S48 | Mon. 2/m |
Gustavite | AgPbBi3S6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Holubite | Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24 | Mon. 2/m |
Jasrouxite | Ag16Pb4(Sb24As16)S72 | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Lasmanisite | Ag12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96 | Orth. 2 2 2 : P21 21 21 |
Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Menchettiite | AgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Oscarkempffite | Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48 | Orth. mm2 |
Ourayite | Ag3Pb4Bi5S13 | Orth. |
Oyonite | Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24 | Mon. 2/m |
Quatrandorite | AgPbSb3S6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Ramdohrite | Pb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24 | Mon. 2/m |
Roshchinite | Ag19Pb10Sb51S96 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
Schirmerite | PbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9 | Orth. |
Senandorite | AgPbSb3S6 | Orth. mm2 : Pmn21 |
Staročeskéite | Ag0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm |
Terrywallaceite | AgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Treasurite | Ag7Pb6Bi15S32 | Mon. |
Uchucchacuaite | AgMnPb3Sb5S12 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmm |
Ustarasite | Pb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?) | |
Vikingite | Ag5Pb8Bi13S30 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 | Mon. |
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
5 photos of Heyrovskýite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
3 photos of Heyrovskýite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
1 photo of Heyrovskýite associated with Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
1 photo of Heyrovskýite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
1 photo of Heyrovskýite associated with Galena | PbS |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.JB. | Senandorite | AgPbSb3S6 |
2.JB. | Oscarkempffite | Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48 |
2.JB. | Chukotkaite | AgPb7Sb5S15 |
2.JB. | Arsenquatrandorite | Ag17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96 |
2.JB. | Clino-oscarkempffite | Ag15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72 |
2.JB. | Andreadiniite | CuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48 |
2.JB. | Ginelfite | Ag2(Ag0.5Fe)TlPb23.5(Sb,As)33.5S76 |
2.JB. | Lazerckerite | Ag3.75Pb4.50(Sb7.75Bi4)S24 |
2.JB. | Lasmanisite | Ag12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96 |
2.JB. | Montpelvouxite | AgPb16Sb27As18S84 |
2.JB. | Selenojunoite | Cu2Pb3Bi8Se16 |
2.JB.05 | Diaphorite | Ag3Pb2Sb3S8 |
2.JB.10 | Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
2.JB.15 | Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
2.JB.15 | Marrite | AgPbAsS3 |
2.JB.20 | Cannizzarite | Pb48Bi56S132 |
2.JB.20 | Wittite | Pb9Bi12(S,Se)27 |
2.JB.25a | Junoite | Cu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16 |
2.JB.25i | Neyite | Ag2Cu6Pb25Bi26S68 |
2.JB.25c | Nordströmite | CuPb3Bi7(Se4S10) |
2.JB.25g | Nuffieldite | Cu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7 |
2.JB.25d | Proudite | CuPb7.5Bi9.33(S,Se)22 |
2.JB.25h | Weibullite | Pb5Bi8Se7S11 |
2.JB.25b | Felbertalite | Cu2Pb6Bi8S19 |
2.JB.25j | Rouxelite | Cu2HgPb23Sb27S65.5 |
2.JB.25f | Ángelaite | Cu2AgPbBiS4 |
2.JB.25i | Cuproneyite | Cu7Pb27Bi25S68 |
2.JB.30a | Geocronite | Pb14Sb6S23 |
2.JB.30a | Jordanite | Pb14As6S23 |
2.JB.30b | Kirkiite | Pb10Bi3As3S19 |
2.JB.30c | Tsugaruite | Pb28As15S50Cl |
2.JB.30a | Marcobaldiite | Pb12(Sb3As2Bi)Σ6S21 |
2.JB.30a | Arsenmarcobaldiite | Pb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21 |
2.JB.35c | Pillaite | Pb9Sb10S23ClO0.5 |
2.JB.35a | Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
2.JB.35b | Scainiite | Pb14Sb30S54O5 |
2.JB.35d | Pellouxite | (Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27O(Cl,S)0.6 |
2.JB.35f | Tubulite | Ag2Pb22Sb20S53 |
2.JB.35e | Chovanite | Pb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x ~ 0.2) |
2.JB.40b | Aschamalmite | Pb6-3xBi2+xS9 |
2.JB.40a | Bursaite | Pb5Bi4S11 (?) |
2.JB.40b | Eskimoite | Ag7Pb10Bi15S36 |
2.JB.40a | Fizélyite | Ag5Pb14Sb21S48 |
2.JB.40a | Gustavite | AgPbBi3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
2.JB.40c | Ourayite | Ag3Pb4Bi5S13 |
2.JB.40a | Ramdohrite | Pb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24 |
2.JB.40a | Roshchinite | Ag19Pb10Sb51S96 |
2.JB.40d | Schirmerite | PbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9 |
2.JB.40a | Treasurite | Ag7Pb6Bi15S32 |
2.JB.40a | Uchucchacuaite | AgMnPb3Sb5S12 |
2.JB.40e | Ustarasite | Pb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?) |
2.JB.40a | Vikingite | Ag5Pb8Bi13S30 |
2.JB.40a | Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 |
2.JB.40 | UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb | (Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)5Pb5Bi11S27 |
2.JB.40 | UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb | (Pb,Hg)12(Cu,Ag)3(Bi,Sb)10(S,Te)27 |
2.JB.40a | Quatrandorite | AgPbSb3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Menchettiite | AgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12 |
2.JB.40a | Terrywallaceite | AgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Jasrouxite | Ag16Pb4(Sb24As16)S72 |
2.JB.40a | Erzwiesite | Ag8Pb12Bi16S40 |
2.JB.40a | Staročeskéite | Ag0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6 |
2.JB.40a | Oyonite | Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24 |
2.JB.40a | Holubite | Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24 |
2.JB.40b | Baiamareite | Ag4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48 |
2.JB.55 | Gratonite | Pb9As4S15 |
2.JB.60 | Marrucciite | Hg3Pb16Sb18S46 |
2.JB.65 | Vurroite | Pb20Sn2(Bi,As)22S54Cl6 |
2.JB.65 | Tazieffite | Pb20Cd2(As,Bi)22S50Cl10 |
2.JB.70 | Daliranite | PbHgAs2S5 |
Other Information
Notes:
HNO3 (1:1) stains variegated, brown after 1 minute.
HCl (1:1) stains weakly brown, easily rubs clean.
FeCl3 (20%), HgCl2 (5%), KCN (20%), KOH (40%) do not react.
HCl (1:1) stains weakly brown, easily rubs clean.
FeCl3 (20%), HgCl2 (5%), KCN (20%), KOH (40%) do not react.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Heyrovskýite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-6993.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
References for Heyrovskýite
Reference List:
Chang, Luke L. Y., Daqing Wu, , Knowles, Charles R. (1988) Phase relations in the system Ag2S-Cu2S-PbS-Bi2S3. Economic Geology, 83 (2) 405-418 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.83.2.405
Makovicky, E., Mumme, W. G., Hoskins, B. F. (1991) The crystal structure of Ag-Bi-bearing heyrovskyite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 29 (3) 553-559
Mitolo, D., Capitani, G. C., Garavelli, A., Pinto, D. (2011) Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Ag-free lillianite and heyrovskýite from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. American Mineralogist, 96 (2) 288-300 doi:10.2138/am.2011.3530
Localities for Heyrovskýite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| Econ Geol (1997) |
Austria | |
| Pichler (2009) |
| PUTZ (2010) |
| Makovicky et al. (2010) |
| Paar (1979) |
Strasser (1989) | |
| Chris Auer collection |
Kolitsch (2010) | |
| Ertl et al. (1994) |
| Niedermayr (2007) |
Canada | |
| Makovicky et al. (1991) |
JR Montgomery collection | |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
| Grant (2009) |
Chile | |
| Zentilli (2018) |
China | |
| Huan Hu et al. (2001) |
| Dianhao Huang et al. (1991) |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Yingchen Ren et al. (1986) +4 other references |
| Yingchen Ren (1999) |
| Dianfen Chen and Wenmao Zhou (1995) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pažout (2017) |
| Klomínský et al. (1971) |
France | |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
Germany | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) +2 other references |
| Gröbner et al. (2011) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2003) |
Hungary | |
| Zajzon et al (2014) |
Italy | |
| Bruno Marello et al. (2023) |
| Piccoli et al. (2007) |
| Boscardin M. et al. (2013) |
| Borodaev et al. (2003) |
Japan | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection (obtained from Dr. Ryuji Marumoto) +2 other references |
Shimizu et al. (1993) | |
| Ryoichi SADANAGA and Michiaki BUNNO (1974) |
| Uehara et al. (2014) |
Kosovo | |
| Kołodziejczyk et al. (2015) |
Mexico | |
| Sid Williams |
Papua New Guinea | |
| Noku et al. (2011) |
Peru | |
| Yáñez et al. (2014, May) |
Portugal | |
| Mercedes Fuertes-Fuente et al. (2016) |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
Szakáll (2002) | |
| Szakáll et al. (2010) |
| Cook et al. (2004) |
| Buzatu et al. (2015) |
Damian +7 other references | |
| Cook +1 other reference |
| Cook (1997) +1 other reference |
Russia | |
| Simanenko (2007) |
| Gonevchuk et al. (2005) |
| Gamyanin et al. (1998) |
| Pervukhina et al. (2012) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. Diz.práca) |
Koděra (1986) | |
| Bálintová T. et al. (Slovakia) |
| Koděra (1986) |
| Pršek J. (Kandid. dizert. práca) |
| Ozdín D. & Pršek J. (2004) |
Ozdín D. & Pršek J. | |
Spain | |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
Switzerland | |
| Nowacki et al. (1976) +1 other reference |
| Schad (1989) |
Schweizer strahler | |
Turkey | |
| Yigit (2012) +1 other reference |
UK | |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
USA | |
| Foord et al. (1989) |
Mineral News: 16 (9) +2 other references | |
Dunning et al. (2000) | |
| Min Rec 18:3 pp185-187 |
| Mark Coolbaugh |
| Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference |
| Y. Moëlo et al. : "Homologues de la lillianite (gustavite, vikingite, heyrovskyite riche en Ag et Bi, ...) |
| John Lindell Collection |
| Castor et al. (2004) |
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Hůrky, Čistá ring, Čistá, Rakovník District, Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic