Cannizzarite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Cannizzarite
Formula:
Pb48Bi56S132
S may be replaced by minor Se (or Se may even be essential). The structure solution (Topa et al., 2010) gave Pb48Bi56(S124Se8)sum132. This can be simplified to Pb6Bi7(S,Se)16.5.
Previously given as Pb8Bi10S23.
Previously given as Pb8Bi10S23.
Colour:
White to silvery gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2
Specific Gravity:
6.7
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named by F. Zambonini, O. de Fiore, and G. Carobbi in 1924 in honor of Stanislao Cannizzaro (13 July 1826, Palermo, Sicily, Italy – 10 May 1910, Rome, Italy), chemist. He is best known for the Cannizzaro reaction and his work on atomic weights.
Wittite may be identical with cannizzarite.
Compare Unnamed (Cd-Pb-Bi Sulphide Selenide II) and so-called "cannizzarite-B" (UM1975-13-S:BiPb).
Compare Unnamed (Cd-Pb-Bi Sulphide Selenide II) and so-called "cannizzarite-B" (UM1975-13-S:BiPb).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
883
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:883:1
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
c39d24ea-3221-46e2-b106-93c732d77755
IMA Classification of Cannizzarite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Pb8Bi10S23
First published:
1924
Classification of Cannizzarite
2.JB.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
B : Galena derivatives, with Pb
3.6.5.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49
3 : SULFOSALTS
6 : 2 < ø < 2.49
5.6.25
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
6 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Pb alone
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Cnz | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Cannizzarite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
White to silvery gray
Comment:
Iridescent tarnish.
Hardness:
2 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN20=132 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Malleable
Comment:
Somewhat malleable and elastic, prone to twisting and bending.
Density:
6.7 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.95 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Cannizzarite
Anisotropism:
Strong from blue to gray
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 49.2% | 51.3% |
420nm | 49.8% | 52.4% |
440nm | 50.4% | 53.5% |
460nm | 50.7% | 53.7% |
480nm | 50.6% | 53.3% |
500nm | 50.2% | 52.8% |
520nm | 49.7% | 52.2% |
540nm | 49.2% | 51.6% |
560nm | 48.6% | 51.0% |
580nm | 48.2% | 50.4% |
600nm | 47.8% | 50.0% |
620nm | 47.5% | 49.5% |
640nm | 47.3% | 49.2% |
660nm | 47.2% | 49.0% |
680nm | 47.2% | 49.0% |
700nm | 47.2% | 49.2% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 53.7%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Chemistry of Cannizzarite
Mindat Formula:
Pb48Bi56S132
S may be replaced by minor Se (or Se may even be essential). The structure solution (Topa et al., 2010) gave Pb48Bi56(S124Se8)sum132. This can be simplified to Pb6Bi7(S,Se)16.5.
Previously given as Pb8Bi10S23.
S may be replaced by minor Se (or Se may even be essential). The structure solution (Topa et al., 2010) gave Pb48Bi56(S124Se8)sum132. This can be simplified to Pb6Bi7(S,Se)16.5.
Previously given as Pb8Bi10S23.
Elements listed:
Common Impurities:
Se,Ag,Sb,Te
Crystallography of Cannizzarite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 38.86(3) Å, b = 4.090(3) Å, c = 39.83(3) Å
β = 102.30(3)°
β = 102.30(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 9.501 : 1 : 9.738
Unit Cell V:
6,185.16 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Thin laths, felted masses, stellate groups. Crystals to 2 mm.
Twinning:
Stellate trillings and simple V-shaped twins.
Comment:
(Cd,In)-rich cannizzarite has a 15.4172(9), b 4.0582(2), c 20.8071(12) Å, β 98.031(2)°, V 1289.05(12) Å3 (Borisov et al., 2012). Previously assumed to be a = 4.13, b = 4.13, c = 15.48 Å, beta 99° (Graham et al., 1953).
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0006281 | Cannizzarite | Topa D, Makovicky E, Dittrich H (2010) The crystal structure of 7H:12Q cannizzarite from Vulcano, Italy The Canadian Mineralogist 48 483-495 | 2010 | Vulcano, Italy | 0 | 293 | |
0009657 | Cannizzarite | Matzat E (1979) Cannizzarite Acta Crystallographica B35 133-136 | 1979 | Vulcano, Italy | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.82 Å | (100) |
3.01 Å | (60) |
2.68 Å | (60) |
2.87 Å | (50) |
2.22 Å | (50) |
2.03 Å | (50) |
1.910 Å | (40) |
Comments:
some preferred orientation occured
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
Stage 3a: Earth’s earliest Hadean crust | >4.50 |
11 : Volcanic fumarole minerals; reduced phases (see also #45) | |
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere | >4.45 |
12 : Hadean hydrothermal subsurface sulfide deposits (see also #33) | |
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] |
Geological Setting:
Fumaroles; sulfide veinlets in greisen (Shumilovsk); common associated minerals concern the latter
Type Occurrence of Cannizzarite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Very thin single laths, up to 2 mm, often warped but also found straight; may have frayed ends; also as felted masses and stellate groups.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Florence, Florence, Italy, 14398/G.
Natural History Museum, catalogue no. 128.28.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Natural History Museum, catalogue no. 128.28.
National School of Mines, Paris, France.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Deep fumarolic activity.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Cannizzarite
Varieties of Cannizzarite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
7 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Tetrahedrite Subgroup | Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S |
6 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Siderite | FeCO3 |
4 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Challacolloite | KPb2Cl5 |
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Pseudocotunnite | K2PbCl4 |
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
3 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Adularia | KAlSi3O8 |
2 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
2 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Sphalerite | ZnS |
2 photos of Cannizzarite associated with Mozgovaite | PbBi4S7 |
1 photo of Cannizzarite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.JB. | Senandorite | AgPbSb3S6 |
2.JB. | Oscarkempffite | Ag10Pb4(Sb17Bi9)S48 |
2.JB. | Chukotkaite | AgPb7Sb5S15 |
2.JB. | Arsenquatrandorite | Ag17.6Pb12.8Sb38.1As11.5S96 |
2.JB. | Clino-oscarkempffite | Ag15Pb6Sb21Bi18S72 |
2.JB. | Andreadiniite | CuHgAg7Pb7Sb24S48 |
2.JB. | Ginelfite | Ag2(Ag0.5Fe)TlPb23.5(Sb,As)33.5S76 |
2.JB. | Lazerckerite | Ag3.75Pb4.50(Sb7.75Bi4)S24 |
2.JB. | Lasmanisite | Ag12Pb13Mn11Sb44S96 |
2.JB. | Montpelvouxite | AgPb16Sb27As18S84 |
2.JB. | Selenojunoite | Cu2Pb3Bi8Se16 |
2.JB.05 | Diaphorite | Ag3Pb2Sb3S8 |
2.JB.10 | Cosalite | Pb2Bi2S5 |
2.JB.15 | Freieslebenite | AgPbSbS3 |
2.JB.15 | Marrite | AgPbAsS3 |
2.JB.20 | Wittite | Pb9Bi12(S,Se)27 |
2.JB.25a | Junoite | Cu2Pb3Bi8(S,Se)16 |
2.JB.25i | Neyite | Ag2Cu6Pb25Bi26S68 |
2.JB.25c | Nordströmite | CuPb3Bi7(Se4S10) |
2.JB.25g | Nuffieldite | Cu1.4Pb2.4Bi2.4Sb0.2S7 |
2.JB.25d | Proudite | CuPb7.5Bi9.33(S,Se)22 |
2.JB.25h | Weibullite | Pb5Bi8Se7S11 |
2.JB.25b | Felbertalite | Cu2Pb6Bi8S19 |
2.JB.25j | Rouxelite | Cu2HgPb23Sb27S65.5 |
2.JB.25f | Ángelaite | Cu2AgPbBiS4 |
2.JB.25i | Cuproneyite | Cu7Pb27Bi25S68 |
2.JB.30a | Geocronite | Pb14Sb6S23 |
2.JB.30a | Jordanite | Pb14As6S23 |
2.JB.30b | Kirkiite | Pb10Bi3As3S19 |
2.JB.30c | Tsugaruite | Pb28As15S50Cl |
2.JB.30a | Marcobaldiite | Pb12(Sb3As2Bi)Σ6S21 |
2.JB.30a | Arsenmarcobaldiite | Pb12(As3.2Sb2.8)Σ6S21 |
2.JB.35c | Pillaite | Pb9Sb10S23ClO0.5 |
2.JB.35a | Zinkenite | Pb9Sb22S42 |
2.JB.35b | Scainiite | Pb14Sb30S54O5 |
2.JB.35d | Pellouxite | (Cu,Ag)Pb10Sb12S27O(Cl,S)0.6 |
2.JB.35f | Tubulite | Ag2Pb22Sb20S53 |
2.JB.35e | Chovanite | Pb15-2xSb14+2xS36Ox (x ~ 0.2) |
2.JB.40b | Aschamalmite | Pb6-3xBi2+xS9 |
2.JB.40a | Bursaite | Pb5Bi4S11 (?) |
2.JB.40b | Eskimoite | Ag7Pb10Bi15S36 |
2.JB.40a | Fizélyite | Ag5Pb14Sb21S48 |
2.JB.40a | Gustavite | AgPbBi3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Lillianite | Pb3-2xAgxBi2+xS6 |
2.JB.40c | Ourayite | Ag3Pb4Bi5S13 |
2.JB.40a | Ramdohrite | Pb5.9Fe0.1Mn0.1In0.1Cd0.2Ag2.8Sb10.8S24 |
2.JB.40a | Roshchinite | Ag19Pb10Sb51S96 |
2.JB.40d | Schirmerite | PbAgBi3S6 - Pb3Ag1.5Bi3.5S9 |
2.JB.40a | Treasurite | Ag7Pb6Bi15S32 |
2.JB.40a | Uchucchacuaite | AgMnPb3Sb5S12 |
2.JB.40e | Ustarasite | Pb(Bi,Sb)6S10 (?) |
2.JB.40a | Vikingite | Ag5Pb8Bi13S30 |
2.JB.40a | Xilingolite | Pb3Bi2S6 |
2.JB.40b | Heyrovskýite | Pb6Bi2S9 |
2.JB.40 | UM1988-05-S:AgBiCuHgPb | (Hg,Ag,Cu,Pb)5Pb5Bi11S27 |
2.JB.40 | UM1988-06-S:AgBiCuHgPb | (Pb,Hg)12(Cu,Ag)3(Bi,Sb)10(S,Te)27 |
2.JB.40a | Quatrandorite | AgPbSb3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Menchettiite | AgPb2.40Mn1.60Sb3As2S12 |
2.JB.40a | Terrywallaceite | AgPb(Sb,Bi)3S6 |
2.JB.40a | Jasrouxite | Ag16Pb4(Sb24As16)S72 |
2.JB.40a | Erzwiesite | Ag8Pb12Bi16S40 |
2.JB.40a | Staročeskéite | Ag0.70Pb1.60(Bi1.35Sb1.35)Σ2.70S6 |
2.JB.40a | Oyonite | Ag3Mn2Pb4Sb7As4S24 |
2.JB.40a | Holubite | Ag3Pb6(Sb8Bi3)S24 |
2.JB.40b | Baiamareite | Ag4Pb12Fe4Sb20S48 |
2.JB.55 | Gratonite | Pb9As4S15 |
2.JB.60 | Marrucciite | Hg3Pb16Sb18S46 |
2.JB.65 | Vurroite | Pb20Sn2(Bi,As)22S54Cl6 |
2.JB.65 | Tazieffite | Pb20Cd2(As,Bi)22S50Cl10 |
2.JB.70 | Daliranite | PbHgAs2S5 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Cannizzarite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-883.html
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References for Cannizzarite
Reference List:
Ramdohr, Paul (1969) The Ore Minerals and their Intergrowths. Pergamon Press, Oxford. 1174pp. doi:10.1016/c2013-0-10027-x
Fleischer, Michael, Chao, George Y., Pabst, and Adolf (1979) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 64 (1-2) 241-245
Jambor, John L., Burke, Ernst A. J. (1989) New Mineral Names. American Mineralogist, 74 (11-12) 1399-1404
Borodaev, Y. S., Garavelli, A., Garbarino, C., Grillo, S. M., Mozgova, N. N., Organova, N. I., Trubkin, N. V., Vurro, F. (2000) Rare sulfosalts from Vulcano, Aeolian Islands, Italy. III. Wittite and cannizzarite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (1) 23-34 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.1.23
Localities for Cannizzarite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| Steiner et al. (2020) |
| Topa et al. (2001) |
China | |
| Bin Shu et al. (2006) |
| Dequan Zhang et al. (1991) |
| Yingchen Ren (1998) +2 other references |
France | |
| BRGM (1981) |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
Hungary | |
| Zajzon N et al. (2014) |
Szakáll et al. (2012) | |
Italy | |
| Finello et al. (2007) |
| 31-36. +1 other reference |
| Biagioni et al. (2013) |
| Orlandi et al. (1997) |
| P. Rögner et al. (2000) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) |
| Biagioni et al. (2019) |
Japan | |
| Izumino et al. (2015) |
Izumino et al. (2015) | |
Izumino et al. (2015) | |
| Izumino et al. (2014) |
| Nakashima (1981) |
Mineralogical Society of America - ... | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2018) |
Kosovo | |
| Kołodziejczyk et al. (2015) |
| Mederski et al. (2021) |
Norway | |
| Husdal (2019) |
Poland | |
| Mochnacka et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
Romania | |
| www.minerals-of-the carpathians.eu (2009) |
Russia | |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Curator +4 other references |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... |
| Eremin et al. (2014) |
Serbia | |
Slobodan A. Radosavljević et al. (2013) +1 other reference | |
Radosavljevic-Mihajlovic et al. (2007) | |
Radosavljević-Mihajlović et al. (2017) | |
Sweden | |
| Mumme (1980) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Nowacki et al. (1969) +1 other reference | |
| Kipfer et al. (1979) +1 other reference |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
| Graeser S. (2005) |
| Ansermet (2012) |
| Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference |
| Schad (1989) |
Schweizer Strahler 4/2001 p 19-23 | |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Collection of the New Mexico Bureau of ... |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
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La Fossa crater, Vulcano Island, Lipari, Eolie Islands, Metropolitan City of Messina, Sicily, Italy