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Mountain Pass Mine, Mountain Pass, Mountain Pass District, Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range), San Bernardino County, California, USAi
Regional Level Types
Mountain Pass MineMine
Mountain PassPass
Mountain Pass DistrictMining District
Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)Mountain Range
San Bernardino CountyCounty
CaliforniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
35° 28' 42'' North , 115° 31' 55'' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
35.47861,-115.53222
GeoHash:
G#: 9qmcg48jb
GRN:
N24W68
Type:
Mine
Köppen climate type:
BWh : Hot deserts climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Sandy Valley2,051 (2011)38.7km
Goodsprings229 (2011)40.3km
Mindat Locality ID:
11616
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:11616:4
GUID (UUID V4):
34d07498-410a-41cf-8055-31955558e2a5
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Mountain Pass deposit; Mountain Pass Mine and mill; Bastnaesite deposit; Bastnäsite deposit; Mountain Pass carbonatite
Other Languages:
View 1 more...
French:
mine de Mountain Pass, Comté de San Bernardino, Californie, États-Unis
German:
Mountain Pass#Mine, San Bernardino County, Kalifornien, Vereinigte Staaten
Russian:
Маунтин-Пасс , Сан-Бернардино, Калифорния, Соединённые Штаты Америки
Spanish:
Mina de Mountain Pass, Condado de San Bernardino, California, Estados Unidos
Japanese:
マウンテンパス鉱山, サンバーナーディーノ郡, カリフォルニア州, アメリカ合衆国


A baryte-Ce-REE-Au-Ag-Pb deposit/mine located in secs. 12 & 13, T16N, R13E, SBM, 1.5 km (0.93 miles) NE of Mountain Pass (town), immediately N of Interstate highway 15, and about 15 miles (ca. 24 km) W of the Nevada state line, on private (patented) land. It was discovered in 1949. The property consists of 6 claims. The first production occurred in 1951. The USGS MRDS database stated accuracy for this locality is 10 meters.

Owned & operated by the Molybdenum Corporation of America (MCA) (100%) (1950-1974); Owned & operated by Molycorp, Inc. (100%) (same company - new name (1974-1977); owned by the Union Oil of California (100%) (1977); Operated by Molycorp, Inc. (100%) (1977-2005); Owned & operated by Molycorp Minerals LLC (100%), Englewood, Colorado (1983).

NOTE: The mine ceased active mining in 2002 due to environmental concerns, however the owners, Molycorp Inc., have indicated they plan to return to full production in 2011. Start-up mining activities began in August 2012. In June 2015, however, Molycorp filed for bankruptcy.

The mine reopened in 2018. According to "Mineral Commodities Summary" from the USGS (2020), in the entry for Yttrium, page 1: "mined in 2019 as a primary product at the Mountain Pass Mine in California, which was restarted in the first quarter of 2018 after being put on care-and-maintenance status in the fourth quarter of 2015."

Mineral occurrence model information: Model code: 24; USGS model code: 10; Deposit model name: Carbonatite. Mineralization involves vein baryte deposits with rare-earth minerals in metamorphic and igneous rocks of Precambrian age. One of the world's largest lanthanide deposits. There are strong environmental concerns as this mine is situated next to the Mojave National Preserve.

The carbonatite complex (1.4 BP intrusion) is intruded in Precambrian biotite-garnet-sillimanite-hornblende gneisses, biotite granitic gneisses, augen granitic gneisses (Neoproterozoic gneisses) and schists. The carbonatite complex is composed of eight 100 to 2000 meter-long plugs of alkaline intrusive rocks (from shonkinites and syenites to carbonatites) and about 200 dikes of carbonatite in NW-trending rows.

The orebody strikes N10W and dips 40W at a thickness of 75 meters, a depth-to-top of 458 meters (?? - depth-to-bottom ??), a width of 1,590 meters, a length of 750 meters and an area of 1500 ha. Orebody No. 1 is tabular; No. 2 is a fissure vein, and No. 3 is a shear zone. The primary mode of origin was magmatic differentiation, and the secondary mode was hydrothermal activity. Primary ore control was igneous, and the secondary control was fracturing. Wall rock alteration is slight (silicification and carbonitization). Alteration also includes fenitization and hematization. The vein occurs at the contact of a dike and host rock and has an aplite dike hanging wall and a gneiss footwall. The dikes trend N30W.

Analytical data results: An ore shoot 100 feet (ca. 30 m) long and 12 to 15 feet (4.57 m) thick was said to carry $9.00 (period values) Au per ton.

Analysis of the bastnäsite-(Ce) by Hoffman et al. (1971) have confirmed the presence of plutonium-244 isotope. However, Sakamoto (1974) has suggested, that the source of this exotic isotope may be extraterrestrial.

Workings include surface and underground openings comprised of an open pit with an area of 260 ha and an overall depth of 169.16 meters. Milling method employed was flotation. Water is obtained from wells 10 km E of the mine. Power is supplied by Southern California Edison Company. The access road is paved and labour is available at the site.

An estimated production rate in the 1980s was 1,285 metric tons/day, including 1,155 metric tons/day ore and 130 metric tons/day of dilution material. The production numbers are for the amount of REE's in the concentrate. This is not the same as the total recovered, since there is some loss in processing the concentrate. True production is somewhat less, but the loss in processing is not reported.

Reserves and resources: Type: in-situ (estimate year: 1989): Demonstrated: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore; indicated: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore. Total resources: 28,123,000 metric tons of ore. REE (Y group): 8.9 weight percent REE (1989).

Collecting is not allowed.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

48 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
ⓘ Allanite-(Ce)
Formula: (CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
References:
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222
Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 33, 36
Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & Harry Rose, Jr. (1956), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 41: 665
Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & F.A. Hildebrand (1958), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 460-480
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160.
ⓘ 'Ancylite'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Colour: White to cream
Description: Includes ferroan material.
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Description: A minor constituent here.
ⓘ Aragonite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Azurite
Formula: Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘ Baddeleyite
Formula: ZrO2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
Description: Occurs as largely massive material forming a large portion of the mineralization here (20% to 25% of the carbonate bodies).
References:
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 294
USGS Open File report 2010-5220
Jaffe, H.W., et al (1953), Sahamalite, a new rare earth carbonate mineral, American Mineralogist: 38: 721-754
Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 34
Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 98
Weber, F.H., Jr. (1966b), Mineral resources of California: Barite. California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin: 191: 94-98
Davis, Fenelon Francis and J.R. Evans (1973) Mining activity in California, July 1972 through June 1973. California Division Mines and Geology California Geology: 26: 291-305
Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160.
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)F
Description: Crystal aggregates to 3 cm
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Celestine
Formula: SrSO4
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine
Formula: (Sr,Ba)SO4
Description: Occurs as abundant crystals to 1 inch (2.5 cm) diameter in a large ankeritic vein.
ⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)
Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2
ⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)
Formula: (Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group'
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce)
Formula: CeF3
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Fluorophlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ 'K Feldspar'
ⓘ 'Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite'
Formula: ◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Malachite
Formula: Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
Description: Occurs as crystals and grains.
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Muscovite var. Sericite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Parisite-(Ce)
Formula: CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Description: Occurs in small amounts. 1 am intergrowths with bastnäsite - relatively uncommon.
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Description: Exhibits colour mottling suggestive of compositional variations.
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite
Formula: [(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
ⓘ 'Pseudoleucite'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Description: Occurs as veins up to 12 mm thick.
ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite'
Formula: ◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Description: Occurs as veins up to 12 mm thick.
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
✪ Sahamalite-(Ce) (TL)
Formula: (Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
Type Locality:
Habit: Tabular
Colour: Colourless
Description: Occurs as minute tabular crystals in baryte-dolomite rock.
ⓘ Siderite
Formula: FeCO3
Description: Abundant in some veins.
ⓘ Strontianite
Formula: SrCO3
Description: Occurs as cement in a breccia of baryte-carbonate rock.
ⓘ 'Synchysite Group'
References:
USGS Bulletin 2160
ⓘ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘ Tenorite
Formula: CuO
ⓘ 'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'
Formula: Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
ⓘ Thorite
Formula: Th(SiO4)
Colour: Dark red to yellowish brown
Description: Lustrous grains to 3 mm and as 0.5 mm crystals.
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Wulfenite
Formula: Pb(MoO4)
Description: Occurs as a minor constituent.
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

Ce(CO3)Fⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)
K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2ⓘ 'Biotite'
CaMg(CO3)2ⓘ Dolomite
◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2ⓘ 'Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite'
(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4ⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce) (TL)

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘ'Tetrahedrite Subgroup'2.GB.05Cu6(Cu4C2+2)Sb4S12S
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
ⓘFluocerite-(Ce)3.AC.15CeF3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘTenorite4.AB.10CuO
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘBaddeleyite4.DE.35ZrO2
ⓘCerianite-(Ce)4.DL.05(Ce4+,Th)O2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘSiderite5.AB.05FeCO3
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘAragonite5.AB.15CaCO3
ⓘStrontianite5.AB.15SrCO3
ⓘSahamalite-(Ce) (TL)5.AD.05(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
ⓘAzurite5.BA.05Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2
ⓘMalachite5.BA.10Cu2(CO3)(OH)2
ⓘBastnäsite-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
ⓘParisite-(Ce)5.BD.20bCaCe2(CO3)3F2
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘCelestine7.AD.35SrSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘCelestine
var. Barium-rich Celestine		7.AD.35(Sr,Ba)SO4
ⓘWulfenite7.GA.05Pb(MoO4)
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘThorite9.AD.30Th(SiO4)
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘCerite-(CeCa)9.AG.20(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
ⓘEpidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘAllanite-(Ce)9.BG.05b(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘ'Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite'9.DE.25◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe3+2}(Si8O22)F2
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘPotassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite9.DE.25[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
ⓘTalc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘvar. Sericite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘFluorophlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'Pseudoleucite'-
ⓘ'Synchysite Group'-
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
ⓘ'K Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Riebeckite Root Name Group
var. Crocidolite'		-◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Ancylite'-
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Hornblende Root Name Group'-◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Riebeckite Root Name Group'-◻[Na2][Z2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Feldspar Group
var. Perthite'		-
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Chlorite Group'-
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Hⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Hⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Cⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Cⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
Cⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Cⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Oⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine(Sr,Ba)SO4
Oⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Oⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Oⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
Oⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Oⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
Oⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oⓘ TenoriteCuO
Oⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Oⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Oⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
FFluorine
Fⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce)CeF3
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Fⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Fⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Fⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Naⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Naⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mgⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
Mgⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Mgⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
Mgⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
AlAluminium
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
SiSilicon
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Siⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Siⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
Siⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine(Sr,Ba)SO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
ClChlorine
Clⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Muscovite var. SericiteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Kⓘ FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ AragoniteCaCO3
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
FeIron
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
Feⓘ SideriteFeCO3
Feⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feⓘ Riebeckite Root Name Group var. Crocidolite◻[Na2][Z32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH,F,Cl)2
Feⓘ Potassic-magnesio-fluoro-arfvedsonite[(K,Na)][Na2][Mg4Fe3+][Si8O22][(F,OH)2]
Feⓘ Magnesio-fluoro-riebeckite◻{Na2}{Mg3Fe23+}(Si8O22)F2
CuCopper
Cuⓘ AzuriteCu3(CO3)2(OH)2
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuⓘ MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2
Cuⓘ TenoriteCuO
Cuⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
SrStrontium
Srⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine(Sr,Ba)SO4
Srⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Srⓘ StrontianiteSrCO3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ BaddeleyiteZrO2
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
MoMolybdenum
Moⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
SbAntimony
Sbⓘ Tetrahedrite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C22+)Sb4S12S
BaBarium
Baⓘ Celestine var. Barium-rich Celestine(Sr,Ba)SO4
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
LaLanthanum
Laⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Allanite-(Ce)(CaCe)(AlAlFe2+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Ceⓘ Cerite-(CeCa)(Ce7Ca2)◻Mg(SiO4)3(SiO3OH)4(OH)3
Ceⓘ Fluocerite-(Ce)CeF3
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Ceⓘ Parisite-(Ce)CaCe2(CO3)3F2
Ceⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ndⓘ Sahamalite-(Ce)(Mg,Fe)(Ce,La,Nd)2(CO3)4
PbLead
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS
Pbⓘ WulfenitePb(MoO4)
ThThorium
Thⓘ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Thⓘ ThoriteTh(SiO4)

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_Pass_mine
Wikidata ID:Q4285560
Link to USGS MRDS:10212814

Localities in this Region

USA

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

North America PlateTectonic Plate

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References

Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA), MSHA file No. 0402542.
USGS MRDS ID #M023680.
(n.d.)
(n.d.)
[1](n.d.)
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Olson, Jerry Chipman & William N. Sharp (1951), Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass bastnaesite deposits, San Bernardino County, California: abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1467.
Pray, Lloyd Charles & William N. Sharp (1951), Bastnaesite discovered near Mountain Pass, California: (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1519.
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Anonymous (1974), Relationship of Mineralization to Major Structural Features in the Mountain Pass Area, San Bernardino County, California, California Geology, July 1974.
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wheretofindrocks.com (n.d.) http://wheretofindrocks.com/collecting-rare-earth-minerals-near-mountain-pass-between-las-vegas-and-los-angeles/
Watts, K. E., Haxel, G. B., & Miller, D. M. (2022). Temporal and Petrogenetic Links Between Mesoproterozoic Alkaline and Carbonatite Magmas at Mountain Pass, California. Economic Geology, 117(1), 1-23.
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