Xanthoconite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Xanthoconite
Formula:
Ag3AsS3
Colour:
Red-orange, yellow-orange, red-brown, brown
Lustre:
Adamantine
Hardness:
2 - 3
Specific Gravity:
5.54
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Name:
From Greek "xanthos", yellow, and "konis", powder, for the yellow colour of the streak.
Dimorph of:
The monoclinic dimorph of proustite.
The xanthoconite -> proustite transition occurs at 180-202°C (Roland, 1970).
The xanthoconite -> proustite transition occurs at 180-202°C (Roland, 1970).
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
4330
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:4330:0
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
703fca02-2f0e-48b8-b7c0-543571772474
IMA Classification of Xanthoconite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1840
Classification of Xanthoconite
2.GA.10
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
A : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. without additional S
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
G : Sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites
A : Neso-sulfarsenites, etc. without additional S
3.4.2.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
3 : SULFOSALTS
4 : ø = 3
5.2.4
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Xcn | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Xanthoconite
Pronunciation:
Play | Recorded by | Country |
---|---|---|
Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Xanthoconite
Adamantine
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Red-orange, yellow-orange, red-brown, brown
Streak:
Orange-yellow
Hardness:
2 - 3 on Mohs scale
Hardness:
VHN25=71 - 93 kg/mm2 - Vickers
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Distinct on {001}
Distinct on {001}
Fracture:
Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
5.54(14) g/cm3 (Measured) 5.53 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Xanthoconite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
Dispersion:
r < v strong
Optical Extinction:
X ≃ c, Y ≃ a, Z = b
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 33.7% | 37.1% |
420nm | 32.2% | 36.1% |
440nm | 30.7% | 35.1% |
460nm | 29.1% | 33.7% |
480nm | 27.6% | 32.1% |
500nm | 26.1% | 30.1% |
520nm | 24.8% | 28.5% |
540nm | 23.7% | 27.3% |
560nm | 22.7% | 26.3% |
580nm | 22.0% | 25.5% |
600nm | 21.5% | 24.8% |
620nm | 21.3% | 24.4% |
640nm | 21.0% | 24.1% |
660nm | 20.8% | 23.8% |
680nm | 20.6% | 23.6% |
700nm | 20.4% | 23.5% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 37.1%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Comments:
Refractive indices = ~3.
Chemistry of Xanthoconite
Mindat Formula:
Ag3AsS3
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Xanthoconite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.99 Å, b = 6.26 Å, c = 17.08 Å
β = 110°
β = 110°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.915 : 1 : 2.728
Unit Cell V:
1,204.67 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Tabular, laths, pyramids
Twinning:
{001}
pseudoorthorhombic twins
pseudoorthorhombic twins
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009336 | Xanthoconite | Engel P, Nowacki W (1968) Die kristallstruktur von Ag3AsS3 Acta Crystallographica B24 77-81 | 1968 | 0 | 293 | ||
0014651 | Xanthoconite | Rosenstingl J, Pertlik F (1993) Neuberechnung der kristallstruktur von naturlichem und synthetischem monoklinen Ag3AsS3 (= xanthokon) nebst einer diskussion zur symmetrie Mitteilungen der Osterreichischen Mineralogischen Gesellschaft 138 9-16 | 1993 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
3.00 Å | (100) |
2.82 Å | (60) |
3.14 Å | (30) |
2.13 Å | (30) |
5.5 Å | (20) |
4.02 Å | (20) |
3.38 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Geological Setting:
Hydrothermal veins
Type Occurrence of Xanthoconite
Reference:
Breithaupt, A. (1840) Xanthokon, ein neues Glied der Ordnung der Blenden. Journal für Praktische Chemie, 20, 67-69.
Synonyms of Xanthoconite
Other Language Names for Xanthoconite
Relationship of Xanthoconite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Proustite | Ag3AsS3 | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3c |
Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 | Trig. 3m : R3c |
Pyrostilpnite | Ag3SbS3 | Mon. 2/m : P21/b |
Structurally related to group(s):
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
98 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Proustite | Ag3AsS3 |
23 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Marrite | AgPbAsS3 |
20 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
17 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Baryte | BaSO4 |
9 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
8 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Silver | Ag |
7 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Sternbergite | AgFe2S3 |
6 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
5 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Jordanite | Pb14As6S23 |
4 photos of Xanthoconite associated with Acanthite | Ag2S |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.GA. | Arsiccioite | AgHg2Tl(As,Sb)2S6 |
2.GA. | Eckerite | Ag2CuAsS3 |
2.GA. | Pyradoketosite | Ag3SbS3 |
2.GA.05 | Proustite | Ag3AsS3 |
2.GA.05 | Pyrargyrite | Ag3SbS3 |
2.GA.10 | Pyrostilpnite | Ag3SbS3 |
2.GA.15 | Samsonite | Ag4MnSb2S6 |
2.GA.20 | Skinnerite | Cu3SbS3 |
2.GA.20 | Wittichenite | Cu3BiS3 |
2.GA.20 | Bytízite | Cu3SbSe3 |
2.GA.25 | Lapieite | NiCuSbS3 |
2.GA.25 | Mückeite | NiCu(Bi,Sb)S3 |
2.GA.25 | Malyshevite | PdCuBiS3 |
2.GA.25 | Lisiguangite | PtCuBiS3 |
2.GA.25 | Roterbärite | PdBiCuSe3 |
2.GA.30 | Aktashite | Cu6Hg3As4S12 |
2.GA.30 | Gruzdevite | Cu6Hg3Sb4S12 |
2.GA.30 | Nowackiite | Cu6Zn3As4S12 |
2.GA.30 | Zhengminghuaite | Cu6Fe3As4S12 |
2.GA.35 | Laffittite | AgHgAsS3 |
2.GA.40 | Routhierite | Tl(Cu,Ag)(Hg,Zn)2(As,Sb)2S6 |
2.GA.40 | Stalderite | Tl(Cu,Ag)(Zn,Fe,Hg)2(As,Sb)2S6 |
2.GA.40 | Ralphcannonite | AgZn2TlAs2S6 |
2.GA.40 | Ferrostalderite | CuFe2TlAs2S6 |
2.GA.40 | Unnamed (Ag-Fe endmember of Routhierite Group) | AgFe2TlAs2S6 |
2.GA.45 | Erniggliite | Tl2SnAs2S6 |
2.GA.50 | Bournonite | PbCuSbS3 |
2.GA.50 | Seligmannite | PbCuAsS3 |
2.GA.50 | Součekite | PbCuBi(S,Se)3 |
2.GA.50 | Unnamed (Pb-Cu-Bi Selenide) | PbCuBiSe3 |
2.GA.50 | Cerromojonite | CuPbBiSe3 |
2.GA.55 | Eldragónite | Cu6BiSe4(Se2) |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Xanthoconite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-4330.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Xanthoconite
Reference List:
Localities for Xanthoconite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia | |
| A. R. Seymon |
Canada | |
| R. O. Meyer collection |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| Petruk (1971) |
Dana 7:I:372. +1 other reference | |
the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 ... | |
Petruk (1971) | |
| Woodside (n.d.) |
| Petruk (1971) +2 other references |
| Dana 7:I: 311 +1 other reference |
Chile | |
| Dana 7:I:372. |
A. Moesta +3 other references | |
| sample collected by MDini |
Czech Republic | |
| Sejkora |
| Kašpar |
| Duda |
Hlousek et al. (2002) | |
| Fengl (1.) |
| |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| Sejkora (1994) |
France | |
| Pélisson (1989) |
| Alain Steinmetz Collection +1 other reference |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Bariand et al. (1977) |
Th. Brunsperger Collection | |
This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Wittern |
| Wittern |
| P Haas collection |
| Bernadi et al. (2014) |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| Aufschluss 71 (6) |
| S Wolfsried collection |
| Mandler (1991) |
Walenta (1992) | |
| |
| |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| undefined +2 other references |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Anthony (1997) |
| O Dziallas collection |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| M Kampf collection |
| Lapis 30 (7/8) |
| A. Breithaupt (1840) |
| Wittern (2001) |
| 90. +1 other reference |
| P Haas collection |
| Andreas Gerstenberg collection |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (1999) |
Branko Rieck collection | |
| Tombros (2008) |
Hungary | |
| Sándor Szakáll +1 other reference |
| |
Ireland | |
| Gasparrini (1978) +4 other references |
Italy | |
| Rivista Mineralogica Italiana anno 2014 ... |
| Biagioni et al. (2012) |
Japan | |
| Kato (1973) |
| Kato (1968) |
Kazakhstan | |
| Evseev (1995) +1 other reference |
Mexico | |
| Wilson et al. (1986) +1 other reference |
| King (n.d.) |
| Camprubi |
| Panczner (1987) |
| Rob Lavinsky |
Morocco | |
| S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8) |
| Josef Vajdak / Czech Geoil. Survey. ... +1 other reference |
| Georges Favreau collection |
Peru | |
| Vizquerra Benavides (2006) |
Poland | |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
Mochnacka et al. (2012) | |
Mochnacka et al. (2000) +1 other reference | |
Romania | |
| www.minerals-of-the-carpathians |
Russia | |
| Okrugin (2004) |
[Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180] +1 other reference | |
Slovakia | |
| Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz) |
Smithsonian Institution USNM ... | |
| Koděra |
Spain | |
| Dr. Cesar Menor-Salvan. Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) |
| MTI Mineralogía Topográfica Ibérica |
Sweden | |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) |
Switzerland | |
| Crumbach et al. (2017) |
Thailand | |
| Queneau (n.d.) |
UK | |
| National Museum of Wales database +1 other reference |
USA | |
| - (2008) |
- (2008) | |
| Fred de Vito specimens |
| Rickard (1983) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Ream (1995) |
Anthony et al. (1990) | |
Dana 7:I:372. | |
| Ream (2004) |
Rocks & Min. 70:255 | |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| USGS Bull 997 |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
Quick NavTopAbout XanthoconiteUnique IdentifiersIMA Classification Classification Mineral SymbolsPronunciation Physical Properties Optical Data Chemistry Crystallography Crystal StructureX-Ray Powder DiffractionGeological EnvironmentType Occurrence SynonymsOther LanguagesRelationshipsCommon AssociatesStrunz-MindatOther InformationInternet Links References Localities Locality List
Imiter mine, Imiter mining district, Tinghir Cercle, Tinghir Province, Drâa-Tafilalet Region, Morocco