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Beaverite

Big Photo

Ystrad Einion Mine (Dolgoch Mine), Furnace, Ysgubor-y-coed, Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire), Wales, UK
© Steve Rust

Show Beaverite Photos (14)
Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
System:TrigonalColour:Yellow
Lustre:EarthyHardness:3½ - 4½
Name:For Beaver County, Utah, USA.


A questionable member of the Alunite Group (probably a Cu- and Al-bearing Plumbojarosite). Compare also Osarizawaite.

Classification of Beaverite

IMA status:Approved
Explanation of status:No published analyses show Cu>Fe. Status currently under investigation by IMA commission.
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.11-120
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:30.2.5.7

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.7.12

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Beaverite

Type Locality:Horn Silver Mine, Frisco, San Francisco District (Frisco District), San Francisco Mts, Beaver Co., Utah, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC R6314
Year of Discovery:1911

Occurrences of Beaverite

Geological Setting:Oxidized zone of Pb-Zn deposits in arid regions.

Physical Properties of Beaverite

Lustre:Earthy
Colour:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4½
Density (measured):4.36 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.31 g/cm3

Crystallography of Beaverite

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:R3m (R3 2/m)
Cell Parameters:a = 7.2(5) Å, c = 16.994(32) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.36
Unit Cell Volume:V 762.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Earthy and friable masses comprised of microscopic hexagonal plates.

Optical Data of Beaverite

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.850 nε = 1.830 - 1.870
Birefringence:Strong.
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:O= Dark yellow
E= Pale yellow

Chemical Properties of Beaverite

Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu,Al)
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
Essential elements:Cu, H, O, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:Al, Cu, Fe, H, O, Pb, S
Empirical Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
Cu
1+
 
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2

Relationship of Beaverite to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):
7.BC.05D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
7.BC.10Alunite
KAl
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Dorallcharite
(Tl,K)Fe
3+
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Huangite
CaAl
 
6
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
4
7.BC.10Hydroniumjarosite
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Natroalunite
(Na,K)Al
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
[(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.10Plumbojarosite
PbFe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
4
7.BC.10Walthierite
BaAl
 
6
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
4
7.BC.15Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
[O
 
12
|SO
 
4
]
7.BC.20Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
[Cl|O
 
3
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
]
7.BC.20Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
Te
4+
 
[Cl|O
 
4
|(SO
 
4
)
 
5
]
7.BC.25Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu[Cl
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
7.BC.30Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
7.BC.30Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
7.BC.35Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
[O|Cl|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.BC.40Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
7.BC.45Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
7.BC.45Alumoklyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)[O|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
]
 
2
7.BC.50Caledonite
Cu
 
2
Pb
 
5
[(OH)
 
6
|CO
 
3
|(SO
 
4
)
 
3
]
7.BC.55Wherryite
Pb
 
4
CuCO
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(Cl,OH)
 
2
O
7.BC.60Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb[(OH)
 
9
|Cl
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.65Linarite
PbCu[(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
7.BC.65Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
[(OH)
 
4
|SeO
 
3
|SeO
 
4
]
7.BC.65Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.70Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
7.BC.75Krivovichevite
Pb
 
3
[Al(OH)
 
6
](SO
 
4
)(OH)
7.BC.80Anhydrokainite
KMgClSO
 
4
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:
25.7.1Schaurteite
Ca
 
3
Ge[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.2Zircosulfate
(Zr,Ti)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
·4H
 
2
O
25.7.3Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
25.7.4Lanarkite
Pb
 
2
[O|SO
 
4
]
25.7.5Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.7.6Linarite
PbCu[(OH)
 
2
|SO
 
4
]
25.7.7Elyite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
·H
 
2
O
25.7.8Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.9Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
[(OH,H
 
2
O)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.10Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
[O|OH|SO
 
4
]
 
2
25.7.11Fleischerite
Pb
 
3
Ge[(OH)
 
6
|(SO
 
4
)
 
2
] · 3H
 
2
O
25.7.13Plumbojarosite
PbFe
3+
6
[(OH)
 
3
|SO
 
4
]
 
4

Other Names for Beaverite

German names:
Beaverit
Russian names:
Биверит
Spanish names:
Beaverita

Other Information

Other Information:Insoluble in water. Soluble in HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Beaverite

Reference List:Butler, B. S. & Schaller, W. T. (1911), Beaverite, a new mineral. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science: 1: 26-27.

Butler, B. S. & Schaller, W. T. (1911), American Journal of Science: 32: 418.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 45, 201.

Breidenstein, B., Schlüter, J. & Gebhard, G. (1992): On beaverite: new occurrence, chemical data and crystal structure. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1992): 213-220.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 56.

Internet Links for Beaverite

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  • Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project
  • American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database
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  • Beaverite details from Handbook of Mineralogy (PDF)
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    Localities for Beaverite

    Hide Locality List
    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Kennedy Co.
        • Condobolin
          • Talingaboolba
    		Graham, I. T., Pogson, R., Colchester, D. M. and McKinnon, A. R. (2005): Secondary minerals of the Mineral Hill field. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 101-116.
    • Western Australia
      • Pilbara Region
        • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]
    Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218.
        • Roebourne Shire
          • Whim Creek
    		P. Doownes, J. Bevan & A. Bevan (1998) - Minerals of the Whim Creek copper mine, Western Australia - Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 4, N°1, pp 13-29
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • St Martin am Silberberg
    		Blaß, G., Graf, H.-W. & Pichler, A. (1997): Sekundäre Neubildungen in Schlacken von St. Martin am Silberberg in Kärnten (1). Mineralien-Welt, 8(5), 42-45.
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern Mts
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck Mt. - Hoher Sonnblick Mt. area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
    Bulgaria
     
    • Haskovo Oblast (Khaskovo Oblast)
      • Rhodope Mts
        • Spachievo ore field (Spahievo ore field)
    		 Kunov, A. & Petrov, P. (2001): Beaverite from the Chala gold-base metal ore deposit: a new mineral for Bulgaria. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 38, 67-71.
    Chile
     
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
    		Am.Min. 91, 1909-1917(2006)
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Ostrov
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
        • Harrachov (Harrachsdorf)
    		Fengl, M.: Mineralogie těžených fluoritových ložisek (1.-5.). Minerál, 1998-1999, roč. 6-7, č. 2, 4, 6, 1, 3.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Zimmerbach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Pradet
    		[UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Garonne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"]
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Monsols
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz Mts
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Eifel Mts
        • Düren
          • Leversbach
    		Graf, HW., (1992): Fundstellen und Mineralien in der Nordeifel (Teil 1+2), MineralienWelt 1/1992, 3/1992
          • Untermaubach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Mechernich
          • Kommern
    		Graf, HW., (1992): Fundstellen und Mineralien in de Nordeifel (Teil 1+2), MineralienWelt 1/1992, 3/1992
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
      • Westerwald
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Raubach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz Mts
        • Wernigerode
          • Hasserode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamareza; Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Lapis, 20 (7/8), 41-64+76.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
    		Campostrini, I. & Gramaccioli, C. M. (2001): Selenium-rich secondary minerals from the Baccu Locci mine (Sardinia, Italy). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 177, 37-59.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Mikawa-mura
    		Minerals in Japan, p. 251 (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Akita Prefecture
          • Kazuno City
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Pribalkashye
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/excisrep/kazakhstan.htm
    • Qostaney Oblysy (Kostanai [Kustany] Oblast')
      • Rudnyi Altai
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Te Aroha
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Eastern Slovenské Rudohorie Mts
        • Ochtiná
    		Mrázek,Z., Ďuďa,R., 1983: Sekundárne minerály oloveno – zinkového ložiska Ochtiná-Margita. Min.Slovaca, 15,2,129 – 140
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Marble Hall
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
    		A. Arribas, F. Hernández, M. A. Fernández Périz, J. Gröbner, G. Leal (2005): Rodalquilar - El oro del capo del ágata. BOCAMINA 15, 12-88.
    G. Leal, Antonio Arribas, Miguel A. Fernandez, Joachim Grobner, Francisco Hernandez (2005): Rodalquilar : El oro del Cabo del Agata. Bocamina, 15, 14-79.
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Guadalajara
        • Pardos
    		J. Gröbner und B. Sainz de Barranda (1999): Die Mineralien der Kupfergrube bei Pardos in der Provinz Guadalajara, Spanien. Mineralien-Welt 10 (4), 26-31. (in German)
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Carrock Fell
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1990 - "Minerals of the Caldbeck Fells"]
              • Carrock Mine
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    BMS Database
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
            • Roughton Gill
    		No reference listed
    BMS Database
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • Nenthead
    		No reference listed
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ysgubor-y-coed
          • Furnace
    		BMS Database, UKJMM No18
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 134; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
        • Tombstone District
          • Tombstone
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b); Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 65.
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 125; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Graham Co.
        • Santa Teresa Mts
          • Aravaipa District
            • Klondyke
              • Grand Reef area
                • Laurel Canyon
    		Besse, William W. (1981) Mineral Paragenesis of the Grand Reef mine, Aravaipa mining district Graham County, Arizona. M.S. thesis, Department of Geology, California State University, Los Angeles.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Horseshoe Basin District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    C. Lemanski collection (7556CL).
    [Hewett, D (1931) Geology and Ore Depositsof the Goodsprings Quadrangle, Nevada; USGS PP 162]
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Silver Star District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Belmont District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		NMBMMR Mineral Museum
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Texas
      • Culberson Co.
        • Guadalupe Mts
    		Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • San Francisco Mts
          • San Francisco District (Frisco District)
            • Frisco
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
            • Ophir Hill area
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Wisconsin
      • Rusk Co.
        • Ladysmith
    		[MinRecord 30:114]
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland West
      • Kadoma District
    		Vetter, U., Weck, H.-D., Weale, T., Klosa, D., Wittich, C. and Hoffmann, K. (1999): A provisional inventory of the Sanyati oxide-zone minerals, Zimbabwe. Z. Angew. Geol. 45, 15-21.
    Mineral and/or Locality
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