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Beaverite-(Cu)

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Big Photo

Clara Mine, Rankach valley, Oberwolfach, Wolfach, Black Forest, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
© Elmar Lackner

Show Beaverite-(Cu) Photos (37)



Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
Fe3+:Cu ≈ 2:1
System:TrigonalColour:Yellow
Lustre:EarthyHardness:3½ - 4½
Name:For Beaver County, Utah, USA.


Originally named beaverite.
Compare Beaverite-(Zn) and also Osarizawaite.

Can be distinguished from plumbojarosite only by accurate determination of the Fe:Cu ratio.
Other Fe members of the alunite family are also visually very similar.

Classification of Beaverite-(Cu)

IMA status:Renamed approved 2007
Strunz 8th edition ID:6/B.11-120
Nickel-Strunz 10th (pending) edition ID:7.BC.10

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H2O
C : With medium-sized and large cations
Dana 8th edition ID:30.2.5.7

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
2 : (AB)2(XO4)Zq
Hey's CIM Ref.:25.7.12

25 : Sulphates
7 : Sulphates of Pb
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Type Occurrence of Beaverite-(Cu)

Type Locality:Horn Silver Mine, Frisco, San Francisco District (Frisco District), San Francisco Mts, Beaver Co., Utah, USA
Place of Conservation of Type Material:Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC R6314
Year of Discovery:1911

Occurrences of Beaverite-(Cu)

Geological Setting:Oxidized zone of Pb-Zn deposits in arid regions.

Physical Properties of Beaverite-(Cu)

Lustre:Earthy
Colour:Yellow
Hardness (Mohs):3½ - 4½
Density (measured):4.36 g/cm3
Density (calculated):4.31 g/cm3

Crystallography of Beaverite-(Cu)

Crystal System:Trigonal
Class (H-M):3m (3 2/m) - Hexagonal Scalenohedral
Space Group:R3m {R3 2/m}
Cell Parameters:a = 7.2(5) Å, c = 16.994(32) Å
Ratio:a:c = 1 : 2.36
Unit Cell Volume:V 762.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:3
Morphology:Earthy and friable masses comprised of microscopic hexagonal plates.

Optical Data of Beaverite-(Cu)

Type:Uniaxial (-)
RI values: nω = 1.850 nε = 1.830 - 1.870
Birefringence:Strong.
Maximum Birefringence:δ = 0.020

Chart shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:Very High
Pleochroism:Visible
Comments:O= Dark yellow
E= Pale yellow

Chemical Properties of Beaverite-(Cu)

Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6


Fe3+:Cu ≈ 2:1
Essential elements:Fe, H, O, Pb, S
All elements listed in formula:Cu, Fe, H, O, Pb, S
Empirical Formula:
Pb(Fe
3+
 
,Al)
 
2
Cu
1+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Relationship of Beaverite-(Cu) to other Species

Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping):

- +
7.BC.05D'Ansite
Na
 
21
Mg(SO
 
4
)
 
10
Cl
 
3
7.BC.10Alunite
KAl
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammonioalunite
(NH
 
4
)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Ammoniojarosite
(NH
 
4
)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Argentojarosite
AgFe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Dorallcharite
(Tl,K)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Huangite
Ca
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Hydroniumjarosite
(H
 
3
O)Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Jarosite
KFe
3+
 
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Minamiite
(Na,Ca
 
0.5
,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natroalunite
(Na,K)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Natrojarosite
NaFe
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Schlossmacherite
(H
 
3
O,Ca)Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
,AsO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Walthierite
Ba
 
0.5
Al
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.10Beaverite-(Zn)
Pb(Fe
3+
2
Zn)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.15Ye'elimite
Ca
 
4
Al
 
6
(SO
 
4
)O
 
12
7.BC.20Atlasovite
K(BiO)Cu
 
6
Fe
3+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
O
 
3
Cl
7.BC.20Nabokoite
KCu
 
7
(SO
 
4
)
 
5
(Te
4+
 
O
 
3
)OCl
7.BC.25Chlorothionite
K
 
2
Cu(SO
 
4
)Cl
 
2
7.BC.30Euchlorine
KNaCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.30Fedotovite
K
 
2
Cu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
O
7.BC.35Kamchatkite
KCu
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
OCl
7.BC.40Piypite
K
 
2
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
7.BC.45Klyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Fe
3+
 
,Al)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.45Alumoklyuchevskite
K
 
3
Cu
 
3
(Al,Fe
3+
 
)(SO
 
4
)
 
4
O
 
2
7.BC.50Caledonite
Pb
 
5
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
3
(CO
 
3
)(OH)
 
6
7.BC.55Wherryite
Pb
 
7
Cu
 
2
(SO
 
4
)
 
4
(SiO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
2
7.BC.60Mammothite
Pb
 
6
Cu
 
4
AlSb
5+
 
O
 
2
(OH)
 
16
Cl
 
4
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
7.BC.65Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
7.BC.65Schmiederite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
6+
 
O
 
4
)(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.65Munakataite
Pb
 
2
Cu
 
2
(Se
4+
 
O
 
3
)(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
4
7.BC.70Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
7.BC.75Krivovichevite
Pb
 
3
Al(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
7
7.BC.80Anhydrokainite
KMg(SO
 
4
)Cl
Related Minerals - Hey's Index Grouping:

- +
25.7.1Schaurteite
Ca
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.2Zircosulfate
(Zr,Ti)(SO
 
4
)
 
2
 · 4H
 
2
O
25.7.3Anglesite
PbSO
 
4
25.7.4Lanarkite
Pb
 
2
(SO
 
4
)O
25.7.5Palmierite
(K,Na)
 
2
Pb(SO
 
4
)
 
2
25.7.6Linarite
PbCu(SO
 
4
)(OH)
 
2
25.7.7Elyite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)O
 
2
(OH)
 
4
 · H
 
2
O
25.7.8Chenite
Pb
 
4
Cu(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.9Osarizawaite
Pb(Al,Cu)
 
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
25.7.10Itoite
Pb
 
3
Ge
4+
 
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
O
 
2
(OH)
 
2
25.7.11Fleischerite
Pb
 
3
Ge(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6
 · 3H
 
2
O
25.7.13Plumbojarosite
Pb
 
0.5
Fe
3+
3
(SO
 
4
)
 
2
(OH)
 
6

Other Names for Beaverite-(Cu)

Synonyms:
Beaverite
Other Languages:
German:Beaverit
Beaverit-(Cu)
Russian:Биверит
Spanish:Beaverita

Other Information

Other Information:Insoluble in water. Soluble in HCl.
Health Warning:No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

References for Beaverite-(Cu)

Reference List:

- +
Butler, B. S. & Schaller, W. T. (1911), Beaverite, a new mineral. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science: 1: 26-27.

Butler, B. S. & Schaller, W. T. (1911), American Journal of Science: 32: 418.

Larsen, E.S. (1921) The Microscopic Determination of the Nonopaque Minerals, First edition, USGS Bulletin 679: 45, 201.

Breidenstein, B., Schlüter, J. & Gebhard, G. (1992): On beaverite: new occurrence, chemical data and crystal structure. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte (1992): 213-220.

Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 56.

Sato, E., Nakai, I., Miyawaki, R. & Matsubara, S. (2009): Crystal structures of alunite family minerals: beaverite, corkite, alunite, natroalunite, jarosite, svanbergite, and woodhouseite. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Abhandlungen 185, 313-322.

Internet Links for Beaverite-(Cu)

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    • Localities for Beaverite-(Cu)

    The map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
    Hide Locality List
    (TL) indicates type locality. ? indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. All other localities listed without reference should be considered as uncertain and unproven until references can be found.
    Antarctica
     
    • Western Antarctica
    		Vennum, W.R.; Nishi, J.M. (1981) New Antarctic mineral occurrences. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 16(5), 14-15.
    Argentina
     
    • Catamarca
      • Andalgalá Department
    		Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002) Las Especies Minerales de la Republica Argentina. Vol. 1 (elements, sulphides and sulphosalts). (Asociacion Mineralogica Argentina)
    Australia
     
    • New South Wales
      • Kennedy Co.
        • Condobolin
          • Talingaboolba
    		Graham, I. T., Pogson, R., Colchester, D. M. and McKinnon, A. R. (2005): Secondary minerals of the Mineral Hill field. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 11, 101-116.
    • Western Australia
      • Ashburton Shire
    		[MinRec 24:203]; Min. Record 24,203-218(1993)
    Mineralogical Record 24,203-216,218.
      • Roebourne Shire
        • Whim Creek
    		P. Doownes, J. Bevan & A. Bevan (1998) - Minerals of the Whim Creek copper mine, Western Australia - Australian Journal of Mineralogy, Vol. 4, N°1, pp 13-29
    Austria
     
    • Carinthia
      • Friesach - Hüttenberg area
        • St Martin am Silberberg
    		Blaß, G., Graf, H.-W. & Pichler, A. (1997): Sekundäre Neubildungen in Schlacken von St. Martin am Silberberg in Kärnten (1). Mineralien-Welt, 8(5), 42-45.
    • Salzburg
      • Hohe Tauern
        • Rauris valley
          • Hüttwinkl valley
            • Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area
              • Kolm-Saigurn
    		A. Strasser: Die MInerale Salzburgs (1989)
      • Lungau
        • Murwinkel
          • Schellgaden
            • Gold mines
    		PUTZ, H. (2010): Neufunde aus Salzburger Erzlagerstätten. Mineralogisches Archiv Salzburg, 13, 275-277.
    • Styria
      • Liesing - Palten valley
        • Seiz
          • Wolfsgruben (Wolfgruben)
    		Kolitsch, U., Postl, W., Brandstätter, F., Bernhard, F., Leikauf, B. & Auer, Ch. (2011): 1713) Beaverit-(Cu), Brochantit, Carbonat-Cyanotrichit, Chalkoalumit und Schwefel aus dem Kupfer-Vorkommen der Wolfsgruben bei Seiz, Liesing-Paltental, Steiermark. Pp. 179-181 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2011): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LX. Carinthia II, 201./121., 135-186.
      • Schladming
        • Schladminger Tauern
          • Obertalbach valley
    		Schachinger, T., Bernard, F. & Kolitsch, U. (2012): 1769) Mineralfunde vom Martinlager im Obertal bei Schladming, Steiermark. Pp. 167-168 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2012): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 202./122., 123-180.
    Bulgaria
     
    • Haskovo Oblast (Khaskovo Oblast)
      • Mineralni Bani Obshtina
        • Spachievo ore field (Spahievo ore field)
    		 Kunov, A. & Petrov, P. (2001): Beaverite from the Chala gold-base metal ore deposit: a new mineral for Bulgaria. Geokhimiya, Mineralogiya i Petrologiya 38, 67-71.
    Canada
     
    • Newfoundland and Labrador
      • Newfoundland
    		Sabina (2003) 94.
    Chile
     
    • Antofagasta Region
      • Antofagasta Province
        • Sierra Gorda District
          • Caracoles
    		Paar, W. H. & Burgstaller, J. (1980): Osarizawaite-beaverite intergrowths from Sierra Gorda, Chile. Mineralogical Record 1980, 101-104
    • Atacama Region
      • Copiapó Province
    		Am.Min. 91, 1909-1917(2006)
    China
     
    Pengtao Yu, Jie Liang, Ying Chen, and Yan Huang (2010): Metallurgical Analysis 30(12), 14-21
    Czech Republic
     
    • Bohemia (Böhmen; Boehmen)
      • Karlovy Vary Region
        • Krušné Hory Mts (Erzgebirge)
          • Jáchymov (St Joachimsthal) District
    		Lapis 2002(7/8), 63-65
      • Liberec Region
        • Harrachov (Harrachsdorf)
    		Fengl, M.: Mineralogie těžených fluoritových ložisek (1.-5.). Minerál, 1998-1999, roč. 6-7, č. 2, 4, 6, 1, 3.
    Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaïre)
     
    • Katanga (Shaba)
      • Kipushi
    		Kampunzu, A.B., Cailteux, J.L.H., Kamona, A.F., Intiomale, M.M., and Melcher, F. (2009): Ore Geology Reviews 35, 263-297.
    France
     
    • Alsace
      • Haut-Rhin
        • Fecht valley (Munster valley)
          • Zimmerbach
    		Wittern, Journée: "Mineralien finden in den Vogesen", 1997
    • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
      • Var
        • Le Pradet
    		[UKJMM 2:11-15 "Cap Garonne Secondary Copper and Lead - W.R. van den Berg"]
    • Rhône-Alpes
      • Rhône
        • Beaujeu
          • Les Ardillats
    		Favreau G., Legris J-R., Dardillac M. (1996), La Verrière (Rhône): Histoire et Minéralogie, Le Cahier des Micromonteurs, n°3, pp:3-28
    Germany
     
    • Baden-Württemberg
      • Black Forest
        • Wolfach
          • Oberwolfach
            • Rankach valley
    		G. Blass, H.-W. Graf and D. Sebold (2009): Neue Mineralien von der Grube Clara im Kinzigtal. Mineralien-Welt 20 (1), 87-89; Belendorff, K. & Sautner, P. (2009): Beaverit von der Grube Clara - eine Ergänzung. Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 59.
    • Lower Saxony
      • Harz
        • Clausthal-Zellerfeld
          • Oberschulenberg
    		Lapis, 11 (1), 9-18+42
        • Goslar
          • Astfeld
    		No reference listed
        • St Andreasberg District
          • St Andreasberg
    		Weiss: "Mineralfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
    Schnorrer, G. (1993): Mineralogische Notizen VI. Aufschluss, 44, 44-58.
    • North Rhine-Westphalia
      • Aachen
        • Stolberg
    		Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
    Blaß, G. & Graf, H. W. (1995): Neufunde von Schlackenhalden in der nördlichen Eifel (II). Mineralien-Welt, 6 (3), 28-31.
      • Eifel
        • Düren
          • Leversbach
    		Graf, HW., (1992): Fundstellen und Mineralien in der Nordeifel (Teil 1+2), MineralienWelt 1/1992, 3/1992
          • Untermaubach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
        • Mechernich
          • Kommern
            • Griesberg
    		Graf, HW., (1992): Fundstellen und Mineralien in de Nordeifel (Teil 1+2), MineralienWelt 1/1992, 3/1992
    • Rhineland-Palatinate
      • Lahn valley
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
          • Frücht
    		Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
      • Westerwald
        • Linz am Rhein
          • Kalenborn
            • Kasbach
    		Habel, B. & Reinhardt, M. (2011): Die Grube Clemenslust- Geschichte und Mineralogie eines Kupferbergwekes am Südrand des Siebengebirges. Mineralien-Welt. 22 (2): 19-36
        • Wied Iron Spar District
          • Neuwied
            • Raubach
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    • Saxony-Anhalt
      • Harz
        • Wernigerode
          • Hasserode
    		Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in Deutschland", 2001
    Greece
     
    • Attikí (Attica; Attika) Prefecture
      • Lavrion (Laurion; Laurium) District
        • Lavrion District Mines
          • Agios Konstantinos [St Constantine] (Kamariza)
    		No reference listed
          • Sounion area
            • Sounion Mines
    		Lapis, 24, 7/8 (1999)
    Iran
     
    • Markazi Province
      • Astaneh
    		Nezafatis, N. (2006): Au-Sn-W-Cu Mineralization in the Astaneh-Sarband Area, West Central Iran. PhD thesis, University of Tübingen (Germany), 116 pp.
    Italy
     
    • Piedmont
      • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
        • Ossola Valley
          • Baceno
            • Devero Alp (Devero Valley; Val Devero)
    		Lapis, 20 (7/8), 41-64+76.
    • Sardinia
      • Cagliari Province
        • Villaputzu
    		Campostrini, I. & Gramaccioli, C. M. (2001): Selenium-rich secondary minerals from the Baccu Locci mine (Sardinia, Italy). Neues Jahrbuch fuer Mineralogie, Abhandlungen 177, 37-59.
    Japan
     
    • Honshu Island
      • Chubu Region
        • Niigata Prefecture
          • Aga-machi (Higashi-Kanbara-gun)
    		Minerals in Japan, p. 251 (Field Best Encyclopedia, vol. 15)
        • Shizuoka Prefecture
          • Nishiizu
    		Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
      • Tohoku Region
        • Akita Prefecture
          • Kazuno City
    		The Mineral Species of Japan (5th ed) Matsubara
    Kazakhstan
     
    • Eastern Kazakhstan Province (Shyghys Qazaqstan Oblysy; Vostochno-Kazakhstanskaya Oblast')
      • Altai Mts (Rudnyi Altai)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov data
    • Karagandy Province (Qaragandy Oblysy; Karaganda Oblast')
      • Balkhash (Balqash; Karatas; Prebalkhashie) Region
    		http://maurice.strahlen.org/excisrep/kazakhstan.htm
    Mexico
     
    • Sonora
      • Cerro Morita
    		Mineralogical Magazine 1972 38 : 541-544.
    Namibia
     
    • Otjikoto (Oshikoto) Region
      • Tsumeb
    		Handbook of Mineralogy - Anthony, Bideaux, Bladh, Nichols; Gebhard, G. (1999): Tsumeb II. A Unique Mineral Locality. GG Publishing, Grossenseifen, Germany
    New Zealand
     
    • North Island
      • Te Aroha
    		Railton, G.L. & Watters, W.A., Minerals of New Zealand, New Zealand Geological Survey Bull. #104 (1990).
    Russia
     
    • Urals Region
      • Middle Urals
        • Sverdlovskaya Oblast'
          • Ekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk)
            • Berezovskii (Berezovskii Zavod)
    		Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2011)
      • Southern Urals
        • Chelyabinsk Oblast'
          • Magnitogorsk
    		Belogub, E.V., Novoselov, K.A., Yakovleva, V.A., and Spiro, B. (2008): Ore Geology Reviews 33, 239-254.
    • Western-Siberian Region
      • Altaiskii Krai
        • Rudnyi Altai
    		Bill Shelton (2009) Mineral News, 25, #8, 15.
    Slovakia
     
    • Košice Region
      • Rožňava Co.
        • Ochtiná
    		Mrázek,Z., Ďuďa,R., 1983: Sekundárne minerály oloveno – zinkového ložiska Ochtiná-Margita. Min.Slovaca, 15,2,129 – 140
    Slovenia
     
    • Radlje ob Dravi (Mahrenberg)
    		- Žorž, Z., Moser, B. (2002): Remšnik - zgodovina, geologija, minerali / Geschichte, Geologie, Mineralien. Ravne na Koroškem: Voranc, 2002 (In Slovenian and German language)
    South Africa
     
    • Mpumalanga Province
      • Marble Hall
    		Minerals of South Africa
    Rick Turner
    • Northern Cape Province
      • Aggeneys
    		T. Q. Meyer, W. A. van der Westhuizen, G. J. Beukes, H. de Bruiyn and A. E. Schoch (1986) An Occurrence of the Hydrous Lead-Copper-Iron Silicate Creaseyite in South Africa. Mineralogical Magazine 50:346-348
    Spain
     
    • Andalusia
      • Almería
        • Níjar
    		A. Arribas, F. Hernández, M. A. Fernández Périz, J. Gröbner, G. Leal (2005): Rodalquilar - El oro del capo del ágata. BOCAMINA 15, 12-88.
            • Cerro de los Guardias
    		Georges FAVREAU collection
    • Castile-La Mancha
      • Guadalajara
        • Pardos
    		J. Gröbner und B. Sainz de Barranda (1999): Die Mineralien der Kupfergrube bei Pardos in der Provinz Guadalajara, Spanien. Mineralien-Welt 10 (4), 26-31. (in German)
    • Catalonia
      • Tarragona
        • Priorat
          • Ulldemolins
    		Minerals as determined by analysis by the Dr Joan Vinals Barcelona
    Switzerland
     
    • Wallis (Valais)
      • Martigny
        • Mont Chemin
    UK
     
    • England
      • Cheshire
        • Alderley Edge
    		No reference listed
      • Cumbria
        • North and Western Region (Cumberland)
          • Caldbeck Fells
            • Carrock Fell
    		[Cooper & Stanley, 1990 - "Minerals of the Caldbeck Fells"]
              • Carrock Mine
    		No reference listed
    No reference listed
    BMS Database
    No reference listed
    No reference listed
    Journal of The Russell Society, Volume 9, 2006
            • Potts Gill
    		No reference listed
            • Roughton Gill
    		No reference listed
    BMS Database
          • North Pennines
            • Alston Moor District
              • Nenthead
    		S.Rust Collection
      • Devon
        • Tavistock District
          • Horrabridge
    		Braithwaite, R.S.W., and Cooper, B.V. (1982): Mineralogical Magazine 46, 119-126
    • Wales
      • Ceredigion (Dyfed; Cardiganshire)
        • Ysgubor-y-coed
          • Furnace
    		BMS Database, UKJMM No18
    USA
     
    • Arizona
      • Cochise Co.
        • Mule Mts
          • Warren District
    		[MinRec 24:421]
    Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 134; Graeme, R. (1993), Bisbee revisited, Min.Rec.: 24: 421-436.
        • Tombstone Hills
          • Tombstone District
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b); Galbraith, F.W. & D.J. Brennan (1959), Minerals of AZ: 65.
            • Tombstone
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 125; Butler, B.S., et al (1938b), Geology and ore deposits of the Tombstone district, AZ, AZ Bur. Mines Bull. 143.
      • Graham Co.
        • Aravaipa District
          • Santa Teresa Mts
            • Klondyke
              • Grand Reef Mountain
                • Laurel Canyon
    		Besse, William W. (1981) Mineral Paragenesis of the Grand Reef mine, Aravaipa mining district Graham County, Arizona. M.S. thesis, Department of Geology, California State University, Los Angeles.
      • Pinal Co.
        • Mammoth District
          • Tiger
            • St. Anthony deposit
    		Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 131; Bideaux, R.A. (1980), Tiger, AZ, Min.Rec.: 11: 155-181.
    • California
      • San Bernardino Co.
        • Baker
    		Joe Marty, Anthony Kampf, Robert Housley, Stuart Mills, Stefan Weiss (2010) Seltene neue Tellurmineralien aus Kalifornien, Utah, Arizona und New Mexico (USA). Lapis, 35, #12, 42-51.
        • Clark Mts (Clark Mountain Range)
          • Clark Mountain District
            • Pactolus
              • Mohawk Hill
    		Hewett, Donnel Foster (1956) Geology and mineral resources of the Ivanpah quadrangle, California and Nevada, USGS Professional Paper 275, 172 pp.: 145; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 302.
        • Soda Lake Mts
          • Baker
    		Collected by and in the collection of Al Wilkins. EDS confirmed by Bob Housley.
    • Colorado
      • Custer Co.
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
      • Park Co.
        • Horseshoe Basin District
    		Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckels, E. B.
    • Nevada
      • Clark Co.
        • Goodsprings District
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    C. Lemanski collection (7556CL).
    [Hewett, D (1931) Geology and Ore Depositsof the Goodsprings Quadrangle, Nevada; USGS PP 162]
      • Lincoln Co.
        • Bristol and Jackrabbit Districts
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    Bob Werner (2009) Mineral News, 25, #11, 1-5.
    NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Mineral Co.
        • Silver Star District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
      • Nye Co.
        • Belmont District
    		NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada
    • New Mexico
      • Grant Co.
    		Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
      • Socorro Co.
    		Northrop, Minerals of New Mexico, 3rd Rev. ed., 1996
          • Bingham
    		NMBMMR Mineral Museum
    Minerals of New Mexico 3rd ed.
    • Texas
      • Culberson Co.
        • Guadalupe Mts
    		Rocks & Minerals: 66(3): 196-224.
    • Utah
      • Beaver Co.
        • San Francisco Mts
          • San Francisco District (Frisco District)
            • Frisco
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.; Butler, B. S. (1913) Geology and ore deposits of the San Francisco and adjacent districts, Utah. USGS Professional Paper 80.
      • Salt Lake Co.
        • Wasatch Mts
          • Little Cottonwood District (Alta District)
    		Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 568.
    UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Tooele Co.
        • Oquirrh Mts
          • Ophir District
            • Ophir Hill area
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
      • Utah Co.
        • East Tintic Mts
    		UGMS Bull 117 Minerals and Mineral Localities of Utah
    • Wisconsin
      • Rusk Co.
        • Ladysmith
    		[MinRecord 30:114]
    Zimbabwe
     
    • Mashonaland West
      • Kadoma District
    		Vetter, U., Weck, H.-D., Weale, T., Klosa, D., Wittich, C. and Hoffmann, K. (1999): A provisional inventory of the Sanyati oxide-zone minerals, Zimbabwe. Z. Angew. Geol. 45, 15-21.
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