Claraite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Claraite
The entrance to the Clara mine, a truck leaving for the dumps
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Formula:
(Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14 · 7H2O
Formerly thought to be (Cu,Zn)3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O.
Colour:
Turquoise blue
Specific Gravity:
3.34 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Name:
For the type locality, the Clara mine.
First reported by Walenta (1975) as "unnamed copper carbonate" and subsequently approved with the formula (Cu,Zn)3CO3(OH)4.4H2O (Walenta, 1982). Several later studies showed, however, that claraite contains minor, but essential As and S (U. Kolitsch, 2007-2015, unpublished data; Putz, 2011; Kolitsch, 2012; Putz et al., 2012). Claraite was finally redefined, with the help of a crystal-structure determination, as (Cu,Zn)15(AsO4)2(CO3)4(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O (Biagioni & Orlandi, 2017). This makes claraite a species with unique element combination: it is currently the only known arsenate-sulfate-carbonate mineral.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1057
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1057:9
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
1d6f1635-550c-4239-80e4-62c88989c53e
IMA Classification of Claraite
Approved
IMA status notes:
Redefined by the IMA
Approval history:
2016: Proposal IMA 16-L, redefined as a copper hydrated hydroxy-carbonate-arsenate-sulfate mineral having ideal chemical composition (Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14·7H2O. Redefinition and crystal structure published by Biagioni & Orlandi (2017).
Classification of Claraite
5.DA.30
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
D : Carbonates with additional anions, with H2O
A : With medium-sized cations
16b.4.3.1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : AmBn(XO3)pZqxH2O & with (m+n):p = 3:1
16b : HYDRATED CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
4 : AmBn(XO3)pZq
11.6.6
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
11 : Carbonates
6 : Carbonates of Zn and Cd
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Clar | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Claraite
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Turquoise blue
Cleavage:
Perfect
Perfect {1010}.
Perfect {1010}.
Density:
3.34 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Claraite
Type:
Uniaxial (-)
RI values:
nω = 1.751 nε = 1.645
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.106
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
High
Chemistry of Claraite
Mindat Formula:
(Cu,Zn)15(CO3)4(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)14 · 7H2O
Formerly thought to be (Cu,Zn)3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O.
Formerly thought to be (Cu,Zn)3(CO3)(OH)4·4H2O.
Common Impurities:
Zn
Crystallography of Claraite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Class (H-M):
1 - Pinacoidal
Space Group:
P1
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.3343(6) Å, b = 12.8212(7) Å, c = 14.7889(9) Å
α = 113.196(4)°, β = 90.811(4)°, γ = 89.818(4)°
α = 113.196(4)°, β = 90.811(4)°, γ = 89.818(4)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.806 : 1 : 1.153
Unit Cell V:
1800.9 ų
Comment:
Note: originally reported, incorrect cell: hexagonal, a = 26.22, c = 21.56 Å (Walenta, 1982). Subsequently revised by Walenta (1999) to a triclinic cell: 14.28, 8.03, 7.27 Å, 79.16, 107.90, 99.68°.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 13.59 Å | (100) |
| 7.78 Å | (5) |
| 7.76 Å | (13) |
| 7.69 Å | (2) |
| 6.80 Å | (3) |
| 6.40 Å | (4) |
| 5.70 Å | (8) |
| 5.45 Å | (2) |
| 5.43 Å | (2) |
| 5.17 Å | (4) |
| 5.12 Å | (4) |
| 5.11 Å | (4) |
| 4.338 Å | (3) |
| 4.315 Å | (3) |
| 3.675 Å | (4) |
| 3.669 Å | (3) |
| 3.626 Å | (9) |
| 3.398 Å | (3) |
| 2.950 Å | (8) |
| 2.850 Å | (3) |
| 2.813 Å | (2) |
| 2.792 Å | (3) |
| 2.718 Å | (3) |
| 2.717 Å | (2) |
Comments:
Calculated pattern (Biagoni et al., 2017); reflections with I(calc) = 1 not shown. Originally reported pattern has incorrect intensities [13.47 (10), 7.84 (9), 3.65 (8), 5.17 (6), 2.96 (6), 3.24 (5), 2.72 (4)].
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47b : [Sulfates and sulfites] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47d : [Arsenates, antimonates, selenates, bismuthinates] |
Type Occurrence of Claraite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 148464.
National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian), Washington, D.C., USA, 148464.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Walenta, K. (1982) Clarait, ein neues Karbonatmineral aus der Grube Clara (mittlerer Schwarzwald). Chemie der Erde: 41: 97-102.
Synonyms of Claraite
Other Language Names for Claraite
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 64 photos of Claraite associated with Azurite | Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
| 51 photos of Claraite associated with Theisite | Cu5Zn5(AsO4,SbO4)2(OH)14 |
| 30 photos of Claraite associated with Malachite | Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 |
| 8 photos of Claraite associated with Strashimirite | Cu8(AsO4)4(OH)4 · 5H2O |
| 7 photos of Claraite associated with Tyrolite | Ca2Cu9(AsO4)4(CO3)(OH)8 · 11H2O |
| 4 photos of Claraite associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
| 4 photos of Claraite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
| 4 photos of Claraite associated with Brochantite | Cu4(SO4)(OH)6 |
| 4 photos of Claraite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
| 4 photos of Claraite associated with Parnauite | Cu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10 · 7H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 5.DA. | Alexkhomyakovite | K6(Ca2Na)(CO3)5Cl · 6H2O |
| 5.DA. | Amoraite | Ca12Al6(OH)36(CO3)2(SO3) · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Dypingite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Giorgiosite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5-6H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Hydromagnesite | Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | Widgiemoolthalite | Ni5(CO3)4(OH)2 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | UM1986-10-CO:ClHMgMnZn (also called Mineral F, Dunn, 1995) | Mg5(Zn,Mn)3(CO3)2(OH,Cl)12 · H2O |
| 5.DA.05 | UM1987-01-CO:HMgS | Mg4(CO3)2(OH)4 · 6H2O ? |
| 5.DA.10 | Artinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Indigirite | Mg2Al2(CO3)4(OH)2 · 15H2O |
| 5.DA.10 | Chlorartinite | Mg2(CO3)(OH)Cl · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.15 | Otwayite | Ni2(CO3)(OH)2 · H2O |
| 5.DA.15 | Zaratite | Ni3(CO3)(OH)4 · 4H2O ? |
| 5.DA.20 | Kambaldaite | NaNi4(CO3)3(OH)3 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.25 | Callaghanite | Cu2Mg2(CO3)(OH)6 · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Hydroscarbroite | Al14(CO3)3(OH)36 · nH2O |
| 5.DA.35 | Scarbroite | Al5(CO3)(OH)13 · 5H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Caresite | Fe2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Quintinite | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Charmarite | Mn2+4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.40 | Karchevskyite | Mg18Al9(OH)54Sr2(CO3)9(H2O)6 (H3O)5 |
| 5.DA.40 | UM1987-05-OH:AlCMg | Mg4Al2(OH)12(CO3,SO4) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Stichtite-2H | Mg6(Cr,Al)2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Brugnatellite | Mg6Fe3+(CO3)(OH)13 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Hydrotalcite-2H | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Pyroaurite-2H | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Zaccagnaite | Zn4Al2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.45 | Liudongshengite | Zn4Cr2(OH)12(CO3) · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Comblainite | Ni4Co2(OH)12[CO3] · 3H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Desautelsite | Mg6Mn3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Hydrotalcite | Mg6Al2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Pyroaurite | Mg6Fe3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Reevesite | Ni6Fe3+2(OH)16(CO3) · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Stichtite | Mg6Cr3+2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Takovite | Ni6Al2(OH)16[CO3] · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.50 | Kaznakhtite | Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Coalingite | Mg10Fe3+2(OH)24[CO3] · 2H2O |
| 5.DA.55 | Akopovaite | Al4Li2(OH)12(CO3)(H2O)3 |
| 5.DA.60 | Šlikite | Zn2Mg(CO3)2(OH)2 · 4H2O |
| 5.DA.65 | Marklite | Cu5(CO3)2(OH)6 · 6H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Claraite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1057.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Claraite
Localities for Claraite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Austria | |
| M. Puttner: Carinthia II 188./108.:193-199 (1998) |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Steir.Mineralog 25/2011 |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Puttner (1996) | |
| G. Niedermayr: Carinthia II 191./111.:97-102 (2001) |
| Putz (2011) |
| Poeverlein (2008) | |
| Kolitsch et al. (2012) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2002) |
| Der Aufschluß (2006) |
| 62 (in German) +1 other reference |
| C.Auer (2021) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2010) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2005) | |
| Schnorrer+Poeverlein (2005) | |
| C.Auer (2016) | |
| J.Metzger (2012) | |
| Marco E. Ciriotti 15/10/2005 | |
| Putz et al. (2007) |
| C.Auer (2015) |
| Arlt et al. (1994) |
| Schnorrer et al. (2007) |
Chile | |
| Robert A. Jenkins find - personal ... |
France | |
| Forner et al. (1997) |
| Deliens et al. (1993) |
| Christian Berbain collection | |
| Berbain et al. (2019) |
| www.mine-capgaronne.fr (2003) |
Germany (TL) | |
| Walenta (1982) |
| Schnorrer (2000) +1 other reference |
| Schnorrer et al. (2006) |
| Bender et al. (1994) |
| Henrich et al. (2019) |
| Blaß et al. (1995) |
Hungary | |
| Sánoor Szakáll et al. (1997) |
Italy | |
| Bortolozzi et al. (2018) |
| Carnia (Udine, Friuli-Venezia Giulia) +1 other reference |
| Balestra et al. (2011) |
| Vergani (2019) +1 other reference |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) |
| Orlandi et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
| Museum of Natural History of the Pisa ... |
| Orlandi (1999) +1 other reference |
Spain | |
| Georges FAVREAU collection + EDX ... |
| Garrido et al. (2013) +1 other reference |
| Mineralogía de la concesión San Rafael |
| issuu.com (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| Cuchet et al. (2012) |
| |
| Stalder et al. (1998) | |
| EDXS analyses +1 other reference |
| Ansermet (2012) | |
| Cuchet et al. (2002) |
USA | |
| MarekC (2019) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany