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Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine), Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africai
Regional Level Types
Bultfontein MineMine
KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine)Mine (Active)
KimberleyCity
Sol Plaatje Local MunicipalityMunicipality
Frances Baard District MunicipalityDistrict Municipality
Northern CapeProvince
South AfricaCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
03603360014947357209502.jpg
Bultfontein Mine

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
04649370014947927955367.jpg
View of early head gear at the Bultfontein diamond mine, 1903

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
02560290014947927968647.jpg
View of early open cast mining at the Bultfontein diamond mine, ca. 1905

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
03879240014969184398441.jpg
Bultfontein Mine

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
04649370014947927955367.jpg
View of early head gear at the Bultfontein diamond mine, 1903

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
02560290014947927968647.jpg
View of early open cast mining at the Bultfontein diamond mine, ca. 1905

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
09748440014947357231980.jpg
Bultfontein Mine

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
04649370014947927955367.jpg
View of early head gear at the Bultfontein diamond mine, 1903

Bultfontein Mine, KEM JV Mine, Kimberley, Sol Plaatje Local Municipality, Frances Baard District Municipality, Northern Cape, South Africa
Type:
Mine
Mindat Locality ID:
8982
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:8982:4
GUID (UUID V4):
7c99c886-8af2-42ef-a38d-67fc0a7c3bf2
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Bult Fonteen


Bultfontein (pronounced bult-fon-tain) is Afrikaans for “small hill fountain”.

This is loosely translated because a ’bult’ is, sensu stricto, not a hill as such, but rather a gentle topographic rise or slightly elevated area.

Bultfontein was the name of the farm where one of the diamond-bearing kimberlites in the Kimberley cluster was discovered.

The Bultfontein kimberlite, therefore, forms part of the Kimberley, Wesselton, Dutoitspan, Bultfontein and De Beers mines cluster that was discovered in the present-day precincts of Kimberley.

Dutoitspan (Du Toits Pan) was the first of the so-called dry diggings to be claimed and mined, as opposed to the river diggings which were exploited before it was realized that the kimberlite was the primary source of diamonds, not the alluvial gravels.

Even though Bultfontein and Dutoitspan kimberlite pipes are only separated by several hundred meters, the diamonds from each are remarkably different in size, shape, and colour (Cairncross, 2017).

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


54 valid minerals. 6 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
References:
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M. A., Wyatt, B. A., & Goemann, K. (2012). Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology, 40(11), 967-970.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V. S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... & Griffin, W. L. (2017). The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology, 455, 342-356.
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
ⓘ Aphthitalite
Formula: (K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘ 'Apophyllite Group'
Formula: AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
ⓘ Arcanite
Formula: K2SO4
ⓘ Armalcolite
Formula: (Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Bradleyite
Formula: Na3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
References:
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M. A., Wyatt, B. A., & Goemann, K. (2012). Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology, 40(11), 967-970.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V. S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... & Griffin, W. L. (2017). The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology, 455, 342-356.
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
ⓘ Bultfonteinite (TL)
Formula: Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Type Locality:
Description: The mineral was first found by a miner named Cann in 1903 or 1904 on the 480-foot level of the Bultfontein mine at Kimberley. It occurred, associated with calcite, apophyllite, and natrolite, in a large 'horse' of dolerite and shale fragments enclosed in kimberlite, Parry et al (1932)
ⓘ Burkeite
Formula: Na6(CO3)(SO4)2
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
References:
Parry J, Williams A F, Wright F E (1932) On bultfonteinite, a new fluorine-bearing hydrous calcium silicate from South Africa, Mineralogical Magazine, 23, 145-162
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M. A., Wyatt, B. A., & Goemann, K. (2012). Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology, 40(11), 967-970.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V. S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... & Griffin, W. L. (2017). The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology, 455, 342-356.
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
✪ Celestine
Formula: SrSO4
Colour: Blue
Description: Large crystals found in the bultfontein diamond pipe.
ⓘ 'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'
ⓘ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘ 'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Cuspidine ?
Formula: Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘ Diamond
Formula: C
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
ⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing Diopside
Formula: Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ Dolomite
Formula: CaMg(CO3)2
References:
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M. A., Wyatt, B. A., & Goemann, K. (2012). Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology, 40(11), 967-970.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V. S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... & Griffin, W. L. (2017). The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology, 455, 342-356.
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
ⓘ Eitelite
Formula: Na2Mg(CO3)2
ⓘ Fairchildite
Formula: K2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
ⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)
Formula: KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
ⓘ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
ⓘ Freudenbergite
Formula: Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ Glauberite
Formula: Na2Ca(SO4)2
ⓘ Gregoryite
Formula: (Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
ⓘ Halite
Formula: NaCl
ⓘ Hawthorneite (TL)
Formula: BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
Type Locality:
ⓘ 'Hypersthene'
Formula: (Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
ⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite
Formula: (Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
ⓘ Kalsilite
Formula: KAlSiO4
ⓘ Kogarkoite
Formula: Na3(SO4)F
ⓘ Lindsleyite (TL)
Formula: (Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Type Locality:
ⓘ Magnesioferrite
Formula: MgFe3+2O4
ⓘ Magnesite
Formula: MgCO3
References:
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V. S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M. A., Wyatt, B. A., & Goemann, K. (2012). Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology, 40(11), 967-970.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V. S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... & Griffin, W. L. (2017). The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology, 455, 342-356.
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ Mathiasite (TL)
Formula: (Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Type Locality:
ⓘ Monticellite
Formula: CaMgSiO4
ⓘ Mountainite (TL)
Formula: KNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Type Locality:
ⓘ Nahcolite
Formula: NaHCO3
ⓘ Natrite
Formula: Na2CO3
ⓘ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘ Northupite
Formula: Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl
ⓘ Nyerereite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘ 'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'
ⓘ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘ Perovskite
Formula: CaTiO3
ⓘ Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘ Potassic-richterite
Formula: {K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘ Priderite
Formula: K(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Rhodesite (TL)
Formula: KHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Type Locality:
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ Shortite
Formula: Na2Ca2(CO3)3
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
ⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste
Formula: (Mg,Fe)Al2O4
ⓘ Sylvite
Formula: KCl
ⓘ Tetraferriphlogopite
Formula: KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘ Witherite
Formula: BaCO3
ⓘ Zemkorite
Formula: Na2Ca(CO3)2

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘDiamond1.CB.10aC
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Σ9S8
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Group 3 - Halides
ⓘSylvite3.AA.20KCl
ⓘHalite3.AA.20NaCl
ⓘFluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘChromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel
var. Pleonaste		4.BB.05(Mg,Fe)Al2O4
ⓘMagnesioferrite4.BB.05MgFe3+2O4
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘIlmenite
var. Picroilmenite		4.CB.05(Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
ⓘ4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘArmalcolite4.CB.15(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
ⓘFreudenbergite4.CC.10Na2(Ti,Fe)8O16
ⓘPerovskite4.CC.30CaTiO3
ⓘLindsleyite (TL)4.CC.40(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
ⓘMathiasite (TL)4.CC.40(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
ⓘHawthorneite (TL)4.CC.45BaMgTi3Cr4Fe2+2Fe3+2O19
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘPriderite4.DK.05bK(Ti4+7Fe3+)O16
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘNatrite5.AA.10Na2CO3
ⓘGregoryite5.AA.10(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
ⓘNahcolite5.AA.15NaHCO3
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘMagnesite5.AB.05MgCO3
ⓘDolomite5.AB.10CaMg(CO3)2
ⓘWitherite5.AB.15BaCO3
ⓘEitelite5.AC.05Na2Mg(CO3)2
ⓘNyerereite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘZemkorite5.AC.10Na2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘFairchildite5.AC.20K2Ca(CO3)2
ⓘShortite5.AC.25Na2Ca2(CO3)3
ⓘNorthupite5.BF.05Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl
ⓘBradleyite5.BF.10Na3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘAphthitalite7.AC.35(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
ⓘArcanite7.AD.05K2SO4
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘGlauberite7.AD.25Na2Ca(SO4)2
ⓘCelestine7.AD.35SrSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘKogarkoite7.BD.15Na3(SO4)F
ⓘBurkeite7.BD.25Na6(CO3)(SO4)2
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘMonticellite9.AC.10CaMgSiO4
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘBultfonteinite (TL)9.AG.80Ca2(HSiO4)F · H2O
ⓘCuspidine ?9.BE.17Ca8(Si2O7)2F4
ⓘDiopside
var. Chromium-bearing Diopside		9.DA.15Ca(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
ⓘ9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘPotassic-richterite9.DE.20{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘFluorapophyllite-(K)9.EA.15KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
ⓘRhodesite (TL)9.EB.05KHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
ⓘPhlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘTetraferriphlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
ⓘKalsilite9.FA.05KAlSiO4
ⓘNatrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘMountainite (TL)9.GG.10KNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Unclassified
ⓘ'Hypersthene'-(Mg,Fe)SiO3
ⓘ'Apophyllite Group'-AB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
ⓘ'Clinopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
ⓘ'Chrome-Spinel (of Dana)'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Orthopyroxene Subgroup'-
ⓘ'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Hⓘ BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Hⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Hⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Hⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Hⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Hⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Hⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
CCarbon
Cⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Cⓘ BurkeiteNa6(CO3)(SO4)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ DiamondC
Cⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Cⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Cⓘ FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2
Cⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Cⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Cⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Cⓘ NorthupiteNa3Mg(CO3)2Cl
Cⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Cⓘ ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3
Cⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Cⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Cⓘ Gregoryite(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Oⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Oⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Oⓘ Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Oⓘ BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Oⓘ BurkeiteNa6(CO3)(SO4)2
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Oⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Oⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Oⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Oⓘ FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2
Oⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Oⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Oⓘ GlauberiteNa2Ca(SO4)2
Oⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Oⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Oⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Oⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Oⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Oⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Oⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Oⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Oⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Oⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Oⓘ NorthupiteNa3Mg(CO3)2Cl
Oⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Oⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Oⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Oⓘ RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ WitheriteBaCO3
Oⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Oⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste(Mg,Fe)Al2O4
Oⓘ Gregoryite(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
Oⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite(Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
Oⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
FFluorine
Fⓘ BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Fⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Fⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Fⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Fⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Fⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
NaSodium
Naⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Naⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Naⓘ BurkeiteNa6(CO3)(SO4)2
Naⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Naⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Naⓘ GlauberiteNa2Ca(SO4)2
Naⓘ HaliteNaCl
Naⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Naⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Naⓘ NahcoliteNaHCO3
Naⓘ NatriteNa2CO3
Naⓘ NorthupiteNa3Mg(CO3)2Cl
Naⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Naⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naⓘ ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Naⓘ Gregoryite(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
Naⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Mgⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Mgⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EiteliteNa2Mg(CO3)2
Mgⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Mgⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Mgⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Mgⓘ MagnesiteMgCO3
Mgⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Mgⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Mgⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Mgⓘ NorthupiteNa3Mg(CO3)2Cl
Mgⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Mgⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste(Mg,Fe)Al2O4
Mgⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
Mgⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite(Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
AlAluminium
Alⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Alⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste(Mg,Fe)Al2O4
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Apophyllite GroupAB4[Si8O22]X · 8H2O
Siⓘ BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Siⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Siⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Siⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Siⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Siⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Siⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Siⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Siⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ BradleyiteNa3Mg(CO3)(PO4)
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
SSulfur
Sⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Sⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ BurkeiteNa6(CO3)(SO4)2
Sⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Sⓘ GlauberiteNa2Ca(SO4)2
Sⓘ KogarkoiteNa3(SO4)F
Sⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
ClChlorine
Clⓘ HaliteNaCl
Clⓘ NorthupiteNa3Mg(CO3)2Cl
Clⓘ SylviteKCl
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
KPotassium
Kⓘ Aphthitalite(K,Na)3Na(SO4)2
Kⓘ ArcaniteK2SO4
Kⓘ FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2
Kⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Kⓘ KalsiliteKAlSiO4
Kⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Kⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Kⓘ PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Kⓘ RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Kⓘ SylviteKCl
Kⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Kⓘ Gregoryite(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
Kⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caⓘ BultfonteiniteCa2(HSiO4)F · H2O
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Caⓘ CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ DolomiteCaMg(CO3)2
Caⓘ FairchilditeK2Ca(CO3)2
Caⓘ Fluorapophyllite-(K)KCa4(Si8O20)(F,OH) · 8H2O
Caⓘ FluoriteCaF2
Caⓘ GlauberiteNa2Ca(SO4)2
Caⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Caⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Caⓘ MonticelliteCaMgSiO4
Caⓘ MountainiteKNa2Ca2[Si8O19(OH)] · 6H2O
Caⓘ NyerereiteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Caⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Caⓘ RhodesiteKHCa2Si8O19 · 5H2O
Caⓘ ShortiteNa2Ca2(CO3)3
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ ZemkoriteNa2Ca(CO3)2
Caⓘ Gregoryite(Na2,K2,Ca)CO3
Caⓘ Potassic-richterite{K}{CaNa}{Mg5}Si8O22(OH)2
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Tiⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Tiⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Tiⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Tiⓘ PerovskiteCaTiO3
Tiⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite(Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
CrChromium
Crⓘ Diopside var. Chromium-bearing DiopsideCa(Mg,Cr)Si2O6
Crⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Crⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Crⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Crⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
FeIron
Feⓘ Armalcolite(Mg,Fe2+)Ti2O5
Feⓘ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feⓘ FreudenbergiteNa2(Ti,Fe)8O16
Feⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Feⓘ Hypersthene(Mg,Fe)SiO3
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Feⓘ MagnesioferriteMgFe23+O4
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
Feⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
Feⓘ PrideriteK(Ti74+Fe3+)O16
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2
Feⓘ Spinel var. Pleonaste(Mg,Fe)Al2O4
Feⓘ Ilmenite var. Picroilmenite(Fe2+,Mg)TiO3
NiNickel
Niⓘ Pentlandite(NixFey)Σ9S8
SrStrontium
Srⓘ CelestineSrSO4
Srⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Zrⓘ Mathiasite(Mg,Cr,Fe,Ca,K)2(Ti,Zr,Cr,Fe)5O12
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Baⓘ HawthorneiteBaMgTi3Cr4Fe22+Fe23+O19
Baⓘ Lindsleyite(Ba,Sr)(Zr,Ca)(Fe,Mg)2(Ti,Cr,Fe)18O38
Baⓘ WitheriteBaCO3

Fossils

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References

Dana 7: I: 149.
thediggings.com (n.d.) https://thediggings.com/mines/usgs10071395
mrdata.usgs.gov (n.d.) https://mrdata.usgs.gov/mrds/show-mrds.php?dep_id=10071395
(n.d.)
(n.d.)
(n.d.)
(n.d.)
(n.d.)
Spencer, L.J. (1924) An Inclusion of Magnetite in Diamond. Mineralogical Magazine: 20(107): 245-247.
Parry, John, Williams, Alpheus F., Wright, F.E. (1932) On bultfonteinite, a new fluorine bearing hydrous calcium silicate. Mineralogical Magazine: 23(138): 145-162.
Mountain, E.D. (1957) Rhodesite, a new mineral from the Bultfontein mine, Kimberley. Mineralogical Magazine: 31(239): 607-610.
Mathias, M., Siebert, J.C., Rickwood, P.C. (1970) Some Aspects of the Mineralogy and Petrology of Ultramafic Xenoliths in Kimberlite. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology: 26: 75-123.
Gübelin, E., Wolgensinger, M. (1976) Edelstenen. Uitgeverij Artis, Brussel (in Dutch).
Haggerty, S.E., Smyth, J.R., Erlank, A.J., Rickard, R.S., Danchin, R.V. (1983) Lindsleyite (Ba) and mathiasite (K): two new chromium-titanates in the crichtonite series from the upper mantle. American Mineralogist: 68: 494-505.
Mining Annual Review (1985) 147.
www.showcaves.com (n.d.) https://www.showcaves.com/english/za/mines/Bultfontein.html
Cairncross, Bruce (2004) Field Guide to Rocks & Minerals of Southern Africa. 288pp.
Field, Matthew, Stiefenhofer, Johann, Robey, Jock, Kurszlaukis, Stephan (2008) Kimberlite-hosted diamond deposits of southern Africa: A review. Ore Geology Reviews: 34(1): 33-75.
Giuliani, A., Kamenetsky, V.S., Phillips, D., Kendrick, M.A., Wyatt, B.A., Goemann, K. (2012) Nature of alkali-carbonate fluids in the sub-continental lithospheric mantle. Geology: 40(11): 967-970.
Cairncross, Bruce (2017) Bultfonteinite: The where of mineral names. Rocks & Minerals: 92(6): 578-581.
Giuliani, A., Soltys, A., Phillips, D., Kamenetsky, V.S., Maas, R., Goemann, K., ... Griffin, W.L. (2017) The final stages of kimberlite petrogenesis: petrography, mineral chemistry, melt inclusions and Sr-CO isotope geochemistry of the Bultfontein kimberlite (Kimberley, South Africa). Chemical Geology: 455: 342-356.
www.industryabout.com (n.d.) https://www.industryabout.com/country-territories-3/2501-south-africa/diamond-mining/38625-kimberley-bultfontein-diamond-mine
Tarasov, A., Sharygin, I., Golovin, A., Dymshits, A., & Rezvukhin, D. (2021, April). Mineral assemblage within secondary crystallized melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kaapvaal craton, South Africa). In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (pp. EGU21-4486).
Sharygin, I. S., Golovin, A. V., Tarasov, A. A., Dymshits, A. M., & Kovaleva, E. (2022). Confocal Raman spectroscopic study of melt inclusions in olivine of mantle xenoliths from the Bultfontein kimberlite pipe (Kimberley cluster, South Africa): Evidence for alkali‐rich carbonate melt in the mantle beneath Kaapvaal Craton. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 53(3), 508-524.
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