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Idaite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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06191910017062594884463.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
06874920017062594908417.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
01530430017062594924342.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
08655690017058123073080.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
02492730017058123105237.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
07915210017058123118497.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
06191910017062594884463.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
06874920017062594908417.jpg
Idaite, etc.

Undu mine, Nukundamu, Vanua Levu, Fiji
Hide all sections | Show all sections

About IdaiteHide

Formula:
Cu5FeS6
Very close to Cu5.5FeS6.5 according to Sugaki et al. (1975).
Colour:
red-brown, bronzy-brown, or coppery-red, like untarnished bornite.
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
2½ - 3½
Specific Gravity:
4.2 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Name:
Named for the type locality, the Ida mine in Namibia.
Grandfathered but inadequately described and questionable mineral; name may refer to both impure nukundamite, which was originally called "idaite", or to a tetragonal phase close to Sn-poor mawsonite (Rice et al., 1979). Most data here are consistent with nukundamite.

It has sometimes been placed in Stannite Group but the formula and crystal system are incompatible. The IMA formula appears incorrect.

A lamellar, strongly anisotropic, bronze-coloured, decomposition product of bornite, commonly associated with fine spindles of chalcopyrite; apparently of secondary origin, a first product of secondary enrichment.

Chemically similar to bornite.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2002
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2002:8
GUID
(UUID V4):
3df280ec-ffd9-494d-a78f-9e020095959d

IMA Classification of IdaiteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Cu3FeS4
First published:
1958
Type description reference:
Frenzel, G. (1959) Ein neues Mineral: Idait, natürliches Cu5FeS6. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 93: 87–114

Classification of IdaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
2.CB.15a

2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
C : Metal Sulfides, M: S = 1: 1 (and similar)
B : With Zn, Fe, Cu, Ag, etc.
Dana 8th ed.:
2.9.14.1

2 : SULFIDES
9 : AmBnXp, with (m+n):p = 1:1
Hey's CIM Ref.:
3.1.29

3 : Sulphides, Selenides, Tellurides, Arsenides and Bismuthides (except the arsenides, antimonides and bismuthides of Cu, Ag and Au, which are included in Section 1)
1 : Sulphides etc. of Cu

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
IdaIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
IdaThe Canadian Mineralogist (2019)The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of IdaiteHide

Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
red-brown, bronzy-brown, or coppery-red, like untarnished bornite.
Hardness:
2½ - 3½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven, Sub-Conchoidal
Density:
4.2 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of IdaiteHide

Anisotropism:
Strong, reddish orange to reddish brown
Reflectivity:
WavelengthR1R2
400nm13.9%17.7%
420nm14.8%18.5%
440nm15.7%19.3%
460nm16.9%21.0%
480nm18.4%23.2%
500nm20.5%25.5%
520nm23.2%27.8%
540nm26.1%29.4%
560nm28.9%30.6%
580nm30.6%31.4%
600nm31.9%31.6%
620nm32.8%31.9%
640nm33.5%32.2%
660nm34.1%32.8%
680nm34.7%33.2%
700nm35.2%33.7%

Reflectance graph
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 35.2%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
Red-orange to yellow-grey.

Chemistry of IdaiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Cu5FeS6

Very close to Cu5.5FeS6.5 according to Sugaki et al. (1975).
Elements listed:
Cu, Fe, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of IdaiteHide

Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Cell Parameters:
a = 3.90 Å, c = 16.95 Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.346
Unit Cell V:
223.27 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Lamellar.
Comment:
Space group unknown.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.38 Å(5)
3.27 Å(60)
3.14 Å(100)
3.00 Å(5)
2.82 Å(100)
2.70 Å(80)
2.42 Å(40)
2.20 Å(40)
2.13 Å(5)
1.89 Å(100)
1.85 Å(100)
1.79 Å(5)
1.73 Å(40)
1.686 Å(5)
1.630 Å(60)
1.564 Å(100)
1.500 Å(5)
1.442 Å(40)
1.317 Å(80)
1.275 Å(5)
1.225 Å(40)
1.206 Å(40)
1.188 Å(5)
1.161 Å(60)
1.141 Å(5)
1.104 Å(5)
1.091 Å(20)
1.081 Å(80)
1.058 Å(40)
1.043 Å(80)
1.017 Å(40)
1.006 Å(40)
0.987 Å(40)
Comments:
ICDD 13-161. Research articles suggest that idaite needs re-investigation.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12])

Type Occurrence of IdaiteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Ida Mine, Arandis Constituency, Erongo Region, Namibia
General Appearance of Type Material:
Lamellar.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Not recorded.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
A decomposition product of bornite.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
TenoriteSphaleriteQuartzPyrrhotitePyrite
ParamelaconiteMackinawiteHematiteDigeniteDelafossite
CupriteCovelliteCopperChalcopyriteBornite
Reference:
Frenzel, G. (1959) Ein neues Mineral: Idait, natürliches Cu5FeS6. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 93: 87–114

Synonyms of IdaiteHide

Other Language Names for IdaiteHide

German:Idait
Simplified Chinese:铁铜蓝
伊达矿
Spanish:Idaita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
52 photos of Idaite associated with ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
51 photos of Idaite associated with CovelliteCuS
31 photos of Idaite associated with BorniteCu5FeS4
10 photos of Idaite associated with PyriteFeS2
5 photos of Idaite associated with Tennantite SubgroupCu6(Cu4C2+2)As4S12S
2 photos of Idaite associated with DigeniteCu9S5
1 photo of Idaite associated with Charoite(K,Sr)15-16(Ca,Na)32[Si6O11(O,OH)6]2[Si12O18(O,OH)12]2[Si17O25(O,OH)18]2(OH,F)4 · ~3H2O
1 photo of Idaite associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
1 photo of Idaite associated with PectoliteNaCa2Si3O8(OH)
1 photo of Idaite associated with NukundamiteCu3.33Fe0.66S4

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

2.CB.AgmantiniteAg2MnSnS4Orth.
2.CB.RichardsiteZn2CuGaS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.GachingiteAu(Te1-xSex)Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.TolstykhiteAu3S4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.HanswilkeiteKFeS2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
2.CB.AuroselenideAuSeMon. 2/m : B2/m
2.CB.Ruizhongite(Ag2◻)Pb3Ge2S8Iso. 4 3m : I4 3d
2.CB.OkruginiteCu2SnSe3Mon. m : Bb
2.CB.05aColoradoiteHgTeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aHawleyiteCdSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aMetacinnabarHgSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05cPolhemusite(Zn,Hg)STet.
2.CB.05bSakuraiite(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Iso.
2.CB.05aSphaleriteZnSIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aStilleiteZnSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aTiemanniteHgSeIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05UM1998-15-S:CuFeZnCu2Fe3Zn5S10
2.CB.05aRudashevskyite(Fe,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.05aIshiharaite(Cu,Ga,Fe,In,Zn)SIso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.07aShenzhuangiteNiFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.07aUnnamed (Cu-Mn-Sn Sulpide)Cu2MnSnS4
2.CB.10aChalcopyriteCuFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aEskeborniteCuFeSe2Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.10aGalliteCuGaS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bHaycockiteCu4Fe5S8Orth. 2 2 2
2.CB.10aLenaiteAgFeS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bMooihoekiteCu9Fe9S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2m
2.CB.10bPutoraniteCu1.1Fe1.2S2Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Pn3m
2.CB.10aRoquesiteCuInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10bTalnakhiteCu9(Fe,Ni)8S16Iso. 4 3m : I4 3m
2.CB.10aLaforêtiteAgInS2Tet. 4 2m : I4 2d
2.CB.10aUnnamed (Cu-Zn-In Sulphide)CuZn2InS4
2.CB.10aUM1984-30-S:CuFeSnCu2Fe2Sn3S7
2.CB.10cOmariniiteCu8Fe2ZnGe2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aČernýiteCu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aFerrokësteriteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aHocartiteAg2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15aKësterite Cu2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aKuramiteCu3SnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15bMohiteCu2SnS3Mon.
2.CB.15aPirquitasiteAg2ZnSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15aStanniteCu2FeSnS4Tet. 4 2m : I4 2m
2.CB.15cStannoiditeCu+6Cu2+2(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12Orth. 2 2 2 : I2 2 2
2.CB.15aVelikiteCu2HgSnS4Tet. 4 : I4
2.CB.15cUM2006-11-S:CuFeGeZnCu8(Fe,Zn)3Ge2S12 (?)
2.CB.17a vArsenic-bearing RenieriteCu11GeAsFe4S16
2.CB.20ChatkaliteCu6FeSn2S8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.20MawsoniteCu6Fe2SnS8Tet. 4 2m : P4m2
2.CB.30Argyropyritenear Ag2Fe7S11
2.CB.30ColusiteCu13VAs3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermaniteCu13Fe2Ge2S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30GermanocolusiteCu26V2(Ge,As)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30NekrasoviteCu26V2(Sn,As,Sb)6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30StibiocolusiteCu13V(Sb,Sn,As)3S16Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.30Ovamboite Cu20(Fe,Cu,Zn)6W2Ge6S32Iso. 4 3m : P4 3n
2.CB.30MaikainiteCu20(Fe,Cu)6Mo2Ge6S32Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m)
2.CB.30FrieseiteAg2Fe5S8 (?)
2.CB.35aHemusiteCu6SnMoS8Iso.
2.CB.35aKiddcreekiteCu6SnWS8Iso. 4 3m : F4 3m
2.CB.35aPolkovicite(Fe,Pb)3(Ge,Fe)1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35aRenierite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16Tet. 4 2m : P4 2c
2.CB.35aVincienniteCu+7Cu2+3Fe2+2Fe3+2Sn(As,Sb)S16Tet.
2.CB.35aMorozeviczite(Pb,Fe)3Ge1-xS4Iso.
2.CB.35bCatamarcaiteCu6GeWS8Hex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.40LautiteCuAsSOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
2.CB.42LingbaoiteAgTe3Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.45CadmoseliteCdSeHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45GreenockiteCdSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Wurtzite(Zn,Fe)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45RambergiteMnSHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45Buseckite(Fe,Zn,Mn)SHex. 6mm : P63mc
2.CB.45MaletoyvayamiteAu3Se4Te6Tric. 1 : P1
2.CB.47MurchisiteCr5S6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1c
2.CB.50ZincselenideZnSe
2.CB.50WassoniteTiSTrig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m
2.CB.52DzhezkazganiteReMoCu2PbS6 ?Trig. 3m : R3m
2.CB.55aCubaniteCuFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.55bIsocubaniteCuFe2S3Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fm3m
2.CB.60PicotpauliteTlFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
2.CB.60RaguiniteTlFeS2Orth.
2.CB.65ArgentopyriteAgFe2S3Mon. 2/m
2.CB.65SternbergiteAgFe2S3Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.70SulvaniteCu3VS4Iso. 4 3m : P4 3m
2.CB.75VulcaniteCuTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.80EmpressiteAgTeOrth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
2.CB.85MuthmanniteAuAgTe2Mon. 2/m : P2/m

Fluorescence of IdaiteHide

In UV light:
Not fluorescent in UV

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for IdaiteHide

References for IdaiteHide

Reference List:
Frenzel, G. (1958) Ein neues Mineral: Idait. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 142 (in German).
Fleischer. M. (1958) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 43, 1219-1225.
Frenzel, G. (1959) Ein neues Mineral: Idait, natürliches Cu5FeS6. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen, 93, 87–114. (in German)
Frenzel, G. (1959) Ein neues Mineral: Idait, natürliches Cu5FeS6. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Abhandlungen: 93: 87–114
Takeuchi, T., Nambu, M. (1961). On idaite (Cu5FeS6) in Japan. The Journal of the Japanese Association of Mineralogists, Petrologists and Economic Geologists, 45(3), 93-100.
Frenzel, G. (1963). On crystal data for idaite. American Mineralogist, 48(5-6), 676.
Constantinou, G. (1975) Idaite from the Skouriotissa massive sulfide orebody, Cyprus: Its composition and conditions of formation. American Mineralogist, 60, 1013-1018.
Sugaki, A., Shima, H., Kitakaze, A., Harada, H. (1975) Isothermal phase relations in the system Cu-Fe-S under hydrothermal conditions at 350°C and 300°C. Economic Geology, 70 (4) 806-823 doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.70.4.806
Wang, N. (1976) Idaite and the synthetic phases Cu4.33Ge0.67S5 and Cu9.67Sn2.33S13. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte, 6, 241-247.
Weigel, D.A. (1978). Idaite," Cu5.5FeS6.5" and related phases: their physico-chemical features, occurrence and genesis in ore deposits. Doctoral dissertation, Auckland.
Rice, C. M., Atkin, D., Bowles, J.F.W., Criddle, A.J. (1979) Nukundamite, a new mineral, and idaite. Mineralogical Magazine, 43, 193-200.
Makundi, I.N. (1989). Moessbauer studies on Idaite (Cu5.5FeS6.5). Tanzania Journal of Science, 15(1), 73-85.
Weigel, Dennis A. (1994). The idaite-nukundamite-bornite-chalcopyrite metastable solid solution--Crystal chemistry, superlattice architecture and bonding; thermochemistry and phase equilibria; natural occurrences, geochemistry and metallogenesis. Geoscience Reports of Shizuoka University, 20, 75-90.
(2023) Idaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for IdaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola
 
  • Cuanza Sul Province
    • Sumbe
Milesi et al. (2006)
Antarctica
 
  • Eastern Antarctica
    • Queen Maud Land
      • Queen Fabiola Mts
El Gorsey et al. (1988)
Argentina
 
  • La Rioja Province
    • Chilecito department
      • Sañogasta
Minerales de la Republica Argentina
    • Famatina Department
      • La Mejicana mining area
Singer et al. (2005)
  • Mendoza Province
    • Malargüe Department
      • Pampa Amarilla mining district
        • Agua Botada
Brodtkorb (2002)
American Mineralogist: 51: 1-13
  • Salta Province
    • Los Andes department
      • San Antonio de los Cobres
        • Organullo mining district
Milka K. de Brodtkorb (2002)
  • Santa Cruz Province
    • Deseado Department
      • Tres Cerros
Brodtkorb (2002)
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
Mozgova et al. (2007)
    • Semenov region
Firstova et al. (2019)
    • Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse hydrothermal field (TAG)
Mozgova et al. (2000)
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Kennedy Co.
      • Condobolin district
Base Metal Mineralisation at Mineral ...
Gilligan et al. (1993)
Gilligan et al. (1993)
  • South Australia
    • Roxby Downs
Ehrig et al. (2012)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberwart District
      • Stadtschlaining
Huber et al. (1977) +1 other reference
  • Carinthia
    • Spittal an der Drau District
      • Großkirchheim
        • Zirknitz
          • Kleine Zirknitz valley
            • Kluidscharte
Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference
  • Lower Austria
    • Neunkirchen District
Tufar (1967) +1 other reference
Hackenberg (2003)
    • Wiener Neustadt-Land District
      • Katzelsdorf
Tufar (1966)
  • Salzburg
    • Zell am See District
      • Leogang
        • Hütten
          • Schwarzleograben
            • Schwarzleo mining district
R.Poeverlein (2016)
R.Poeverlein (2016)
R.Poeverlein (2016)
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Neustift im Stubaital
        • Habicht
Vavtar (1986)
    • Kitzbühel District
      • Oberndorf in Tirol
Vohryzka (1968) +1 other reference
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
Hatert et al. (2014)
    • Luxembourg
Michel Blondieau. +5 other references
        • Cahay
Hatert (1996) +1 other reference
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
    • Curaçá river valley
      • Curaçá
Bello (1986)
Bulgaria
 
  • Blagoevgrad Province
    • Satovcha Municipality
Bul. Acad. Sci. (1998)
  • Pazardzhik Province
    • Panagyurishte Municipality
      • Elshitsa
Bogdanov et al. (1997)
      • Levski
Anthony et al. (1990)
      • Panagyurishte
Cioacă et al. (2018)
  • Sofia Province
    • Chelopech Municipality
American Mineralogist (1966) +1 other reference
    • Etropole Municipality
Mladenova et al. (2017)
Canada
 
  • Alberta
    • Pincher Creek
      • Yarrow Creek-Spionkop Creek deposit
Goble R J (1980)
Goble R J (1980)
  • British Columbia
    • Vancouver Island
      • Alberni Mining Division
Minfile Database (2017)
  • Northwest Territories
    • Great Slave Lake
      • East Arm area
Badham et al. (1980)
  • Ontario
    • Thunder Bay District
      • Seagull Lake Area
        • Seagull Lake complex
Wilson et al. (2013)
  • Québec
    • Bas-Saint-Laurent
      • Témiscouata RCM
        • Lac Témiscouata
Mineralium Deposita 44 (2009)
    • Montérégie
      • Acton RCM
Econ Geol (1994)
Chile
 
  • Antofagasta
    • Antofagasta Province
      • Antofagasta
        • Escondida
Singer et al. (2008)
    • El Loa Province
      • Calama
        • Chuquicamata District
Cook (1978)
  • Coquimbo
    • Elqui Province
"Faja de mineralización de oro +2 other references
Henley et al. (2012) +1 other reference
China
 
  • Guizhou
    • Guiyang
      • Qingzhen County
Lin et al. (2002)
  • Hunan
    • Changsha
      • Liuyang City
Zhengqin Li (1991)
    • Chenzhou
      • Guiyang Co.
Zhengqin Li (1991)
Cyprus
 
  • Nicosia District
    • Skouriotissa
American Mineralogist (1975) +1 other reference
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kipushi Territory
      • Kipushi
Deliens (1996)
      • Musoshi
J. Cailteux (Shaba, République du Zaïre)
Europe
 
  • Carpathian Mountains
Ferenc et al. (2001)
Fiji
 
  • Vanua Levu
    • Nukundamu
Economic Geology +6 other references
Finland
 
  • Lapland
    • Ranua
Mutanen
  • North Ostrobothnia
    • Kalajoki
      • Rautio
Nurmi
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Allier
      • Vichy
        • Laprugne
Picot et al. (1977)
    • Haute-Loire
      • Brioude
        • Langeac
          • Barlet
Pélisson (1989)
        • Paulhac
Pélisson (1989)
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Haute-Saône
      • Lure
        • Mélisey
          • Château-Lambert
Wittern et al. (Cologne)
    • Saône-et-Loire
      • Charolles
        • Chalmoux
Cesbron et al. (1985) +1 other reference
  • Brittany
    • Côtes-d'Armor
      • Lannion
        • Plestin-les-Grèves
Chauris (2014)
    • Finistère
      • Châteaulin
        • Crozon
R.PIERROT et al. (1973)
      • Quimper
        • Edern
Chauris (2014)
  • Corsica
    • Haute-Corse
      • Corte
        • Ghisoni
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ...
H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ...
  • New Caledonia
    • Northern Province
      • Ouégoa
Briggs (1975)
      • Poum
Briggs (1975)
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Monteils
    • Hérault
      • Lodève
        • Le Puech
    • Lozère
      • Mende
        • Saint-Léger-de-Peyre
Mineralogical Record 2011 42:0-32 +1 other reference
  • Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
    • Alpes-Maritimes
      • Nice
        • Belvédère
R. Pierrot
        • Daluis
R. Pierrot
        • Guillaumes
R. Pierrot
        • Roure
R. Pierrot
R. Pierrot
R. Pierrot
        • Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée
R. Pierrot
    • Hautes-Alpes
      • Briançon
        • Saint-Véran
A. Sinojmeri et al. (Hautes Alpes)
        • Villar-d'Arêne
R. Pierrot
      • Gap
        • La Chapelle-en-Valgaudemar
R. Pierrot
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992)
      • Rottweil
        • Schenkenzell
          • Wittichen
            • Böckelsbach valley
Weiß (1990)
            • Heubach valley
              • Trillengrund
Walenta (1992)
      • Waldshut
        • St Blasien
          • Menzenschwand
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Franconia
      • Aschaffenburg District
        • Sommerkahl
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Pechbrunn
Weiß (1990)
  • Brandenburg
    • Spree-Neiße
      • Spremberg
Kopp et al. (2006) +1 other reference
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Darmstadt-Dieburg
        • Mühltal
          • Nieder-Ramstadt
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Sieber
Heider (2014)
  • North Rhine-Westphalia
    • Arnsberg
      • Siegen-Wittgenstein
        • Siegen
          • Eiserfeld
            • Kohlenbach Valley
Wittern (2001)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Donnersbergkreis
      • Nordpfälzer Land
        • Obermoschel
Krupp (1989)
  • Saxony-Anhalt
Wittern (2001)
Hungary
 
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Kazincbarcika District
      • Rudabánya
Szakáll: Minerals of Rudabánya
India
 
  • Madhya Pradesh
    • Jabalpur Division
      • Balaghat District
        • Baihar Tehsil
          • Malanjkand
Sikka et al. (1991) +1 other reference
    • Katni district
Tripathi et al. (2022)
Indian Ocean
 
  • Central Indian Ridge
Wang et al. (2018)
Indonesia
 
  • Papua Province
    • Mimika Regency
      • Gunung Bijih District (Grasberg District)
        • Ertsberg Complex
Econ Geol (1997) +1 other reference
Italy
 
  • Lombardy
    • Sondrio Province
      • Lanzada
        • Scerscen Valley
Bedognè et al. (1993)
      • Val Masino
AA. VV.
  • Sardinia
    • South Sardinia Province
      • Villaputzu
Venerandi Pirri (2002)
  • Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol)
    • South Tyrol
      • Puster Valley District
        • Prettau (Predoi)
Exel (1987)
Japan
 
  • Aomori Prefecture
    • Kamikita District
Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan) +1 other reference
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
- (microprobe analysis of specimen field collected by Alfredo Petrov)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Mine City
      • Naganobori mine
Nagashima et al. (2021)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Pavlodar Region
    • Bayanaul District
Baibatsha et al. (2015) +1 other reference
  • Ulytau Region
Duczmal-Czernikiewicz et al. (2021)
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
S. Weiß: Lapis 31 (7/8)
Namibia (TL)
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Arandis Constituency
Frenzel (1958)
  • Oshikoto Region
    • Tsumeb
Gebhard (1999)
New Zealand
 
  • Northland Region
    • Whangarei District
      • Parakao
Mason et al. (Zn)
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Drammen
      • Konnerud
Krause (1965) +1 other reference
  • Nordland
    • Hamarøy
Neumann (1985)
  • Rogaland
    • Suldal
Frenzel (1960)
  • Svalbard
    • Spitsbergen
Cook et al. (2008)
  • Telemark
    • Kviteseid
Dons (1963)
  • Troms og Finnmark
    • Alta
Krause (1965) +1 other reference
    • Nordreisa
      • Vaddas-Rieppe ore field
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ...
  • Trøndelag
    • Grong
      • Godejorda
Bergstøl et al. (1974)
    • Oppdal
Witsø (1995)
Witsø (1995)
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore ...
    • Trondheim
      • Bymarka
Størseth (2016)
  • Vestland
    • Stad
      • Selje
        • Årsheim
Pinet et al. (1985)
Pacific Ocean
 
  • East Pacific Rise
Econ Geol (1985)
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Eastern Highlands Province
Noku et al. (2002) +1 other reference
    • Kainantu
Espi et al. (2005) +1 other reference
Peru
 
  • Lima
    • Yauyos Province
Weigeli (1994) +1 other reference
Philippines
 
  • Luzon
    • Cordillera Administrative Region
      • Benguet Province
        • Mankayan
Singer et al. (2008)
    • Southern Tagalog Region
      • Batangas Province
Singer et al. (2008)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Kamienna Góra County
      • Gmina Marciszów
Mochnacka et al. (2012)
          • Colourful Lakelets
Mochnacka et al. (2015)
    • Karkonosze County
      • Szklarska Poręba
        • Zbójeckie Skały
Mochnacka et al. (2015)
Chmielewski et al. (2016)
    • Lubin County
Kucha H. 2007: Mineralogia kruszcowa i ...
  • Masovian Voivodeship
    • Warsaw
Manecki (Polish Geological Institute)
Romania
 
  • Caraş-Severin County
Constantinescu et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Russia
 
  • Aldan Shield
    • Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence
[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20] +2 other references
  • Irkutsk Oblast
    • Malyi Murun Massif (Malomurunskiy; Maly Murun alkaline pluton; Malyy Murun massif)
Kaneva et al. (2020)
  • Kamchatka Krai
    • Bystrinsky District
      • Central Kamchatka mining district
Andreeva et al. (2013)
  • Republic of Karelia
    • Pitkyaranta mining district (Pitkäranta mining district)
Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September)
  • Zabaykalsky Krai
    • Kalarsky District
      • Kodar–Udokan ore district
        • Udokan
Gongalsky et al. (2019)
Serbia
 
  • Central Serbia
    • Bor District
      • Majdanpek
Albrecht von Quadt et al. (2007)
      • Vlaole-Jasikovo ore field
Aleksandar Pacevski (2007)
Slovakia
 
  • Bratislava Region
    • Malacky District
      • Sološnica
Ferenc Š. & Rojkovič I.
  • Košice Region
    • Spišská Nová Ves District
Ďuďa R. et al. ( Kotterbach )
Sweden
 
  • Gävleborg County
    • Ljusdal
Pieslinger (2023)
  • Södermanland County
    • Nyköping
      • Tunaberg
Dobbe (1991)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Albula Region
      • Surses
        • Marmorera lake
Stalder et al. (1998)
    • Maloja Region
      • Bregaglia
        • Upper Val Bregaglia
          • Albigna Valley
Schweizer Strahler
  • Valais
    • Sierre
      • Anniviers
        • Ayer
Ansermet (2012)
        • Grimentz
Ansermet (2012)
        • Saint-Luc
Ansermet (2012)
Stalder et al. (1998) +1 other reference
        • Vissoie
Ansermet (2012)
Turkey
 
  • Balikesir Province
    • Ayvalık
Oyman (2010)
  • Kastamonu Province
    • Küre District
      • Küre copper deposits
GÜNER (1980)
  • Niğde Province
    • Ulukisla District
      • Madenköy
Çağatay et al. (1989)
UK
 
  • England
    • North Somerset
      • Clevedon
Ixer et al. (1993) +1 other reference
    • Warwickshire
      • Nuneaton and Bedworth
Ixer et al. (2005)
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Valdez-Cordova Census Area
      • Nizina Mining District
- (2008)
USGS OFR 99-342
- (2008)
- (2008)
- (2008)
  • Arizona
    • Greenlee County
      • Morenci
Merritt Stephen Enders (2000)
  • California
    • Plumas County
      • Last Chance Mining District
        • Adams Peak
Dunning et al. (2005)
    • Shasta County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • West Shasta Copper - Zinc Mining District
          • Backbone District
            • Mammoth Butte
              • Copper Crest group
- (2005)
  • Colorado
    • Gunnison County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Summit County
      • Monte Cristo Area
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Maryland
    • Carroll County
      • Sykesville
Mines of the Washington D.C Area
  • Montana
    • Lincoln County
      • Troy Mining District
Econ Geol (1986) +1 other reference
  • New Mexico
    • Sierra County
      • Sierra Cuchillo (Cuchillo Negro Mts)
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • Utah
    • Piute County
      • Mount Baldy-Ohio Mining District
Econ Geol (1986)
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