Witherite

Witherite

Alston Moor District, Cumbria, England, UK

Witherite, etc.

Minerva No. 1 Mine, Ozark-Mahoning group, Cave-In-Rock Mining Sub-District, Hardin County, Illinois, USA

Witherite, etc.

Rosebery Mine, Rosebery, Rosebery district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia

Witherite

Alston Moor District, Cumbria, England, UK

Witherite, etc.

Minerva No. 1 Mine, Ozark-Mahoning group, Cave-In-Rock Mining Sub-District, Hardin County, Illinois, USA

Witherite, etc.

Rosebery Mine, Rosebery, Rosebery district, West Coast municipality, Tasmania, Australia

Witherite

Alston Moor District, Cumbria, England, UK

Witherite, etc.

Minerva No. 1 Mine, Ozark-Mahoning group, Cave-In-Rock Mining Sub-District, Hardin County, Illinois, USA

About WitheriteHide

William Withering

Formula:

BaCO₃

Colour:

Colourless, white, greyish, light yellow; colourless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Vitreous, Resinous

Hardness:

3 - 3½

Specific Gravity:

4.289 - 4.293

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Aragonite Group

Name:

Named after William Withering (1741-1799), English physician and naturalist, who first described the mineral.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Anglezarke Mines, Anglezarke, Chorley, Lancashire, England, UK

The Ba analogue of strontianite and aragonite.

Found in low-temperature hydrothermal vein deposits.

Compare 'UM1974-03-CO:BaCaMg'.

Note on the type locality:
It was for a long time assumed to be Alston Moor, Eden, Cumbria, but Cotterell (2022) demonstrated that there is "evidence to show that Alston Moor was 'fabricated' as the Type Locality and that the real source was Anglezarke in Lancashire" (https://www.mindat.org/mesg-625213.html).

Visit gemdat.org for gemological information about Witherite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of WitheriteHide

Classification of WitheriteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of WitheriteHide

Optical Data of WitheriteHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.529 n_β = 1.676 n_γ = 1.677

2V:

Measured: 16° , Calculated: 8°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.148

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

High

Dispersion:

relatively weak

Chemistry of WitheriteHide

Crystallography of WitheriteHide

Crystallographic forms of WitheriteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Witherite no.9 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Witherite no.10 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Witherite no.11 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Witherite no.19 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Witherite no.22 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0000235	Witherite	de Villiers J P R (1971) Crystal structures of aragonite, strontianite, and witherite American Mineralogist 56 758-767		1971		0	293
0018857	Witherite	Ye Y, Smyth J R, Boni P (2012) Crystal structure and thermal expansion of aragonite-group carbonates by single-crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 97 707-712		2012	Hexham, Northumberland, England	0	300
0006305	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2009) The orthorhombic structure of CaCO3, SrCO3, PbCO3 and BaCO3: Linear structural trends The Canadian Mineralogist 47 1245-1255		2009	synthetic	0	293
0006306	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2009) The orthorhombic structure of CaCO3, SrCO3, PbCO3 and BaCO3: Linear structural trends The Canadian Mineralogist 47 1245-1255		2009	synthetic	0	293
0008420	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		0	293
0008421	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		1.26	293
0008422	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		1.98	293
0008423	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		2.95	293
0008424	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		3.94	293
0008425	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		4.56	293
0008426	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		5.5	293
0008427	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		6.2	293
0008428	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		7.05	293
0008429	Witherite	Holl C M, Smyth J R, Laustsen H M S, Jacobsen S D, Downs R T (2000) Compression of witherite to 8 GPa and the crystal structure of BaCO3 II Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 467-473		2000		7.2	293
0009098	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009099	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009100	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009101	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009102	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009103	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009104	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009105	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009106	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009107	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0009108	Witherite	Antao S M, Hassan I (2007) BaCO3: high-temperature crystal structures and the Pmcn --> R3m phase transition at 811 C Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 34 573-580		2007	synthetic	0	293
0018034	Witherite	Colby M, la Coste J (1935) The crystal structure of witherite. _cod_database_code 1011149 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 90 1-7		1935		0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to closedata_global _chemical_name_mineral 'Witherite' loop_ _publ_author_name 'de Villiers J P R' _journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist' _journal_volume 56 _journal_year 1971 _journal_page_first 758 _journal_page_last 767 _publ_section_title ; Crystal structures of aragonite, strontianite, and witherite ; _database_code_amcsd 0000235 _chemical_formula_sum 'Ba C O3' _cell_length_a 5.3126 _cell_length_b 8.8958 _cell_length_c 6.4284 _cell_angle_alpha 90 _cell_angle_beta 90 _cell_angle_gamma 90 _cell_volume 303.805 _exptl_crystal_density_diffrn 4.314 _symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P m c n' loop_ _space_group_symop_operation_xyz 'x,y,z' '1/2-x,y,z' '1/2+x,-y,-z' '1/2+x,1/2+y,1/2-z' '1/2-x,1/2-y,1/2+z' 'x,1/2-y,1/2+z' '-x,1/2+y,1/2-z' '-x,-y,-z' loop_ _atom_site_label _atom_site_fract_x _atom_site_fract_y _atom_site_fract_z Ba 0.25000 0.41630 1.75490 C 0.25000 0.75700 -0.08100 O1 0.25000 0.90110 -0.08780 O2 0.45950 0.68390 -0.07900 loop_ _atom_site_aniso_label _atom_site_aniso_U_11 _atom_site_aniso_U_22 _atom_site_aniso_U_33 _atom_site_aniso_U_12 _atom_site_aniso_U_13 _atom_site_aniso_U_23 Ba 0.00691 0.00730 0.00335 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00029 C 0.00729 0.00922 0.02596 0.00000 0.00000 0.00464 O1 0.01530 0.00802 0.02219 0.00000 0.00000 -0.00145 O2 0.01029 0.01082 0.01696 0.00168 -0.00173 0.00174

Epitaxial Relationships of WitheriteHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set: Cave-in-Rock, Hardin County, Illinois, USA 94 Settlingstones mine, Fourstones, Northumberland, England 1024 Fallowfields mine, Alston Moor, England 1306

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.72 Å	(100)
3.68 Å	(53)
3.215 Å	(15)
2.628 Å	(24)
2.590 Å	(23)
2.150 Å	(28)
2.019 Å	(21)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of WitheriteHide

Synonyms of WitheriteHide

Other Language Names for WitheriteHide

Relationship of Witherite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for WitheriteHide

References for WitheriteHide

Localities for WitheriteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Afghanistan
Herat Kushk District ⓘ Sang-i-Law Mine	Orris et al. (2002)
Angola
Huambo Province Longonjo ⓘ Mount Chibilundo	Castellano Calvo A et al. (2014)
Lunda Sul Province ⓘ Catoca Mine	Cruz et al. (2008)
Australia
New South Wales Forbes Co. Grenfell ⓘ Hoskins mine	Kawachi et al. (1994) +1 other reference
South Australia Flinders Ranges North Flinders Ranges Arkaroola Region (Arkaroola Wilderness Sanctuary; Arkaroola Station) Mt Painter area ⓘ Commonwealth Mine	SA Geodata Database - Mineral Deposit ...
Mt Lofty Ranges South Mt Lofty Ranges (Adelaide Hills) Glen Osmond ⓘ Wheal Watkins
Tasmania West Coast municipality Rosebery district Rosebery ⓘ Rosebery Mine	Ralph Bottrill collection
Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Waitschach ⓘ Slag localities	Kolitsch et al. (2013)
Sankt Veit an der Glan Mairist ⓘ Paule quarry	Gold aus dem Schottenauer Graben +4 other references
Spittal an der Drau District Flattach Wurten ⓘ Strabaleben (Strabeleben)	Pichler (2009)
Salzburg Zell am See District Leogang Hütten Schwarzleograben ⓘ Schwarzleo mining district ?	E. Fugger: "Die Mineralien des Herzogthumes Salzburg" (1878)
Rauris Alteck - Hoher Sonnblick area Kolm-Saigurn ⓘ Slag localities	Strasser (1989)
ⓘ Astenschmiede slag locality	Niedermayr et al. (2009)
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Mariazell Gollrad ⓘ Iron mine (Gollrad; Golrad; Herrenkögerl)	www.vstm.at (n.d.)
ⓘ Sommerhalt mine (Schüttereck)	Redlich et al. (1923)
Niederalpl ⓘ Sohlen Alp (Solln; Sohlen; Sohlenalpe; Sollalpe)	Gerald Gesselbauer (06.2010) +2 other references
ⓘ Unnamed Fe deposit	Franz Bernhard collection
Neuberg an der Mürz ⓘ Steinbauer Mine	historic locality
Graz-Umgebung District ⓘ Deutschfeistritz	Exel (1993)
ⓘ Elisabeth mining district	WEBER (1990)
Frohnleiten ⓘ Arzwaldgraben	Victor Ritter von Zepharovich
Übelbach ⓘ Guggenbach	C. Auer (2022)
Guggenbach-South ⓘ Franziska district	C. Auer (2022)
Liezen District Landl Gams bei Hieflau ⓘ Gams stratigraphic sections	Grachev (Ed) +1 other reference
Tyrol Kufstein District Brixlegg ⓘ St Gertraudi	Lapis 19 (7/8)
Schwaz District ⓘ Ringenwechsel mining district	Lapis 19 (7/8)
ⓘ Roggland	Arlt et al. (1994)
Brazil
Goiás Catalão ⓘ Catalão II carbonatite complex	Guarino (2010)
Minas Gerais Conselheiro Pena Barra do Cuieté ⓘ Boa Vista pegmatite	Cassedanne et al. (1982)
Bulgaria
Sofia City Province Stolichna Municipality Kremikovtsi ⓘ Kremikovtsi mine	Marcus Vau Collection
Canada
British Columbia Cariboo Mining Division Wicheeda Lake ⓘ Wicheeda Carbonatite Complex	Dalsin et al. (2015)
Liard Mining Division Liard River Hot Springs ⓘ Liard Fluorspar Deposit	Peatfield (n.d.)
Northwest Territories ⓘ Lac de Gras	Anton R. Chakhmouradian and Roger H. Mitchell (2001)
North Slave Region ⓘ Great Bear Lake	Rich et al. (1977)
Ontario Cochrane District South of Ridge Lake Area ⓘ Martison carbonatite complex ?	SAGE (1981)
Thunder Bay District ⓘ Gillies Township	Palache et al. (1951)
ⓘ Porcupine Mine (Creswel; Twin City; Twin Cities Mine)	Robert Hauck +2 other references
O'Connor Township ⓘ Beaver Mine (McQuaig)	Dana (1892)
Scoble Township ⓘ Rabbit Mountain Mine (Great Lakes Silver mine)	Willet Miller (1905)
Québec Nord-du-Québec Jamésie ⓘ Montviel carbonatite complex	Nadeau et al. (2015)
Yukon Watson Lake mining district Itsi Mountain Wilson Lake ⓘ Gun claim	Montgomery et al. (1972) +2 other references
ⓘ Trench 1	Kampf et al. (2014)
Macmillan Pass ⓘ Jason deposit	Econ Geol (1985)
ⓘ Tom deposit	Econ Geol (1989) +1 other reference
China
Chongqing Chengkou Co. ⓘ Bashan Mine	www.chuanyumining.com (n.d.)
Guizhou Liupanshui Shuicheng County ⓘ Guanyinshan Mine	Shaoyin Huang (1975)
Hubei ⓘ Huangshi	Jingfang Jin and Hui Jin (2000)
Shiyan Zhushan Co. ⓘ Wenyu Mine (Wenyuhe Mine)	Lü Zhi-cheng et al. (2005)
Liaoning Dandong Fengcheng City Qingchengzi ore field ⓘ Zhenzigou Pb-Zn deposit	Yubo Ma et al. (2012)
Shaanxi Ankang Hanbin District ⓘ Shiti Mine	Shenghua Wu et al. (2010) +2 other references
Xunyang County ⓘ Shenhe Mine	Shenghua Wu et al. (2011)
Ziyang County ⓘ Huangbaishuwan Ba deposit	Lü Zhi-cheng et al. (2005)
Sichuan Dazhou Wanyuan Co. ⓘ Miaozi Ba deposit	Tang Juxing et al. (1998)
ⓘ Pujiaba Ba deposit	Zhongcheng Wang (1996)
Liangshan Yi Dechang County ⓘ Dalucao REE deposit	Xiaoyu Li (2005) +1 other reference
Mianning County ⓘ Maoniuping Mine	Zengqian Hou et al. (2009)
Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Příbram District Příbram Březové Hory Březové Hory deposit ⓘ Vojtěch Mine	[Bull.N.M.Praha 2002
Moravian-Silesian Region Frýdek-Místek District Kunčice pod Ondřejníkem ⓘ Maralův kopec quarry	Kudělásek
Pardubice Region Chrudim District ⓘ Běstvina	Fengl
Vysočina Region Žďár nad Sázavou District Rožná ⓘ Rožná deposit	Novák
DR Congo
Haut-Katanga Kipushi Territory Kipushi ⓘ Kipushi Mine	Cook (2007)
Eswatini
Hhohho Region ⓘ Londozi mine	Roerdink et al. (2016)
Finland
Lapland Savukoski Tulppio ⓘ Sokli carbonatite complex	Vartiainen +22 other references
France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Ardèche Tournon-sur-Rhône Saint-Péray ⓘ Saint-Péray quarry (Vergomas quarry)	TREILLARD Michel collection
Cantal Mauriac Lanobre ⓘ Thinières-en-Beaulieu castle (Château Thinières)	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Haute-Loire ⓘ Brioude	Palache et al. (1951)
La Chomette ⓘ La Chomette vein
Mazerat-Aurouze Aurouze ⓘ Les Anciens vein	Pélisson (1989)
Salzuit ⓘ Bagatelle
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Corrèze Brive-la-Gaillarde Juillac ⓘ La Vivinie Quarry (La Perche Quarry)	TREILLARD Michel collection
Germany
Bavaria Upper Palatinate Tirschenreuth District Pullenreuth Dechantsees ⓘ Kalkhaus Quarry	Linhard (2005)
Hesse Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Slag dumps	Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Braunlage St Andreasberg ⓘ Prinz Maximilian Mine	Dana 7:II:195. +2 other references
Harz (Landkreis Goslar) Hütschen valley ⓘ Glückauf Mine
Saxony Mittelsachsen Brand-Erbisdorf ⓘ Himmelsfürst Mine	Palache et al. (1951)
Vogtlandkreis Bösenbrunn Schönbrunn ⓘ Ludwig-Vereinigt Feld Mine	Lapis (7/8)
Zwickau District Hartenstein ⓘ Shaft 371
Limbach-Oberfrohna ⓘ Wolkenburg Cu-Pb-Ag mining district	www.mineralienatlas.de (2016)
India
Andhra Pradesh Anantapur District Wajrakarur kimberlite field Wajrakarur–Lattavaram cluster ⓘ P12 kimberlite	Kaur et al. (2016)
Jharkhand Dhanbad District Jharia Coalfield ⓘ Borehole 1	Rock et al. (1992)
Madhya Pradesh Katni district ⓘ Imalia deposit	Tripathi et al. (2022)
Telangana Nalgonda District Vattikod lamproite ⓘ Marepalli Lamproite dyke	Saini et al. (2022)
West Bengal Paschim Medinipur District ⓘ Mohanpur	Kent et al. (1998)
Indonesia
Central Java Province Banyumas Regency ⓘ Paningkaban	Idrus et al. (2015)
Italy
Emilia-Romagna Piacenza Province Bobbio ⓘ San Cristoforo landslide	Giovanni Scapin Collection
Lazio Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Campagnano di Roma ⓘ Ficoreto carbonatite	Stoppa et al. (2019)
Piedmont Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Mergozzo Candoglia ⓘ Candoglia marble quarries	Alfors et al. (1984)
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Domusnovas ⓘ Reigraxius Mine	Stara
Donori ⓘ S'Ortu Becciu Mine	Del Caldo et al. (1973)
Veneto Vicenza Province Torrebelvicino Mercanti Valley Monte Trisa Mines ⓘ Gallery no. 2	Pegoraro S. (2014)
Japan
Akita Prefecture Yamamoto District Hachimori Hinshu ⓘ Hassei mine (Tsubaki mine)	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Gunma Prefecture Midori City Seta ⓘ Hagidaira mine	Hirowatari and Fukuoka (1983)
Oita Prefecture Saiki City ⓘ Shimoharai mine	Nishio-Hamane et al. (2012)
Kazakhstan
Turkistan Region Kentau ⓘ Mirgalimsay Mine	- (2005)
Mexico
Baja California Tres Pozos ⓘ Madrelena Mine	Alfors et al. (1984) +1 other reference
Morocco
Dakhla-Oued Ed-Dahab Region Aousserd Province ⓘ Awsard massif	Bea et al. (2013)
Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	- (1977)
Otjozondjupa Region Otavi Constituency Kombat ⓘ Kombat Mine	Dunn (1991)
ǁKaras Region Oranjemund Constituency Rosh Pinah ⓘ Rosh Pinah Mine	Econ Geol (1985)
Netherlands
Gelderland Winterswijk Vosseveld ⓘ Winterswijk quarry ?	T.G. Nijland
Norway
Nordland Fauske Sulitjelma Sulitjelma Copper Mines ⓘ Giken Mine	Nordrum (2004)
Svalbard ⓘ Bear Island	33rd International Geological Congress (2008)
ⓘ Blyhatten mine	Nordrum (2001)
ⓘ Skutilen	Kjærnet (2012)
Pakistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province Khyber District ⓘ Loe Shilman Carbonatite	Jan et al. (1981) +2 other references
Poland
Subcarpathian Voivodeship Tarnobrzeg ⓘ Machów Mine	Huber et al. (1980)
Romania
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Hirtopanu et al. (2015)
Russia
Aldan Shield Chara and Tokko Rivers Confluence ⓘ Murunskii Massif	[Lapis 1993:4 p.13-20]
Altai Krai Zmeinogorsky District ⓘ Zmeinogorsk Mine (Zmyeinogorsk Mine)	Lapis Nov -94 p48-49
Irkutsk Oblast ⓘ Malyi Murun Massif (Malomurunskiy; Maly Murun alkaline pluton; Malyy Murun massif)	Mitchell et al. (1993)
Karachay-Cherkessia ⓘ Arkhyz deposit	Palache et al. (1951)
Djalankol ⓘ Djalankol deposit	Groth (1891) +1 other reference
Khabarovsk Krai Taikan Ridge ⓘ Ir-Nimi manganese deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Murmansk Oblast Belye Tundry Massif ⓘ Zirkonovoe pegmatite body (Zirkonovoye)	Lyalina et al. (2014)
Khibiny Massif ⓘ Kukisvumchorr Mt	Pekov et al. (2004)
Kovdorsky District ⓘ Kovdor Massif	Ivanyuk et al. (2017)
ⓘ Kovdor Zheleznyi Mine	Mikhailova et al. (2015)
Northern Karelia ⓘ Sallanlatvi Massif	Zaitsev et al. (2004)
Sakha ⓘ Arbarastakh complex	Belovitskaya et al. (2004)
Slovakia
Banská Bystrica Region Banská Štiavnica District Banská Štiavnica ⓘ Terézia adit (Weiden mine)	Jeleň et al. (2006)
Brezno District ⓘ Jarabá	Koděra (1986)
Košice Region Rožňava District ⓘ Nižná Slaná	Koděra (1986)
Vyšná Slaná ⓘ Július Mine	Koděra (1986)
Žilina Region Liptovský Mikuláš District Dúbrava ⓘ Dúbrava Sb deposit	Števko M. et al. (Slovenská republika)
Ľudovít adit ⓘ Dimitrij vein	Števko M. (2021)
ⓘ Vyšná Boca	Novotný P. & Pauliš P.
ⓘ Chopec	Novotný P. & Pauliš P. 2005: Witherit z Vyšné Boce et al. (in Czech)
Slovenia
Litija ⓘ Sitarjevec mine	Scopolia - Journal of the Slovenian ...
South Africa
Free State Thabo Mofutsanyane District Municipality Setsoto Local Municipality Clocolan ⓘ Monastery Mine	Kamenetsky et al. (2014)
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Phalaborwa ⓘ Foskor apatite pit
Palabora Mine ⓘ Loolekop pipe	LM et al. (2009)
Northern Cape Frances Baard District Municipality Sol Plaatje Local Municipality Kimberley KEM JV Mine (Kimberley Ekapa Mining Joint Venture mine; Kimberley Underground mine) ⓘ Bultfontein Mine	Giuliani et al. (2017)
John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Gamagara Local Municipality ⓘ Bruce Mine	Moore et al. (2011) +2 other references
ⓘ Postmasburg manganese field	Costin et al. (2015)
ZF Mgcawu District Municipality Tsantsabane Local Municipality Postmasburg ⓘ Kolomela Mine	Costin et al. (2016) +1 other reference
ⓘ Unnamed borehole	Costin et al. (2014) +1 other reference
Sweden
Örebro County Askersund Zinkgruvan ⓘ Zinkgruvan mine	Cámara et al. (2021)
Tanzania
Arusha region Ngorongoro District ⓘ Ol Doinyo Lengai	Victoria Sekisova et al. (2015)
Turkey
Kütahya Province Tavşanlı District ⓘ Gözeçukuru mine	Arik (2012)
UK
England Cheshire Alderley Edge ⓘ Engine Vein Mine
County Durham Brandon and Byshottles ⓘ Brandon Colliery
Deerness Valley ⓘ Esh Colliery	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ New Brancepeth Colliery (Sleetburn Colliery)	and of serpierite at Ross Island mine et al. (referring to Spencer, 1910) +3 other references
ⓘ Ushaw Moor Colliery
Forest and Frith ⓘ Dubbysike Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Greenhurth Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
Lunedale ⓘ Fosters Hush	Dunham KC. 1990. Geology of the ...
Stanley ⓘ Craghead Colliery
ⓘ Morrison Mine	Palache et al. (1951)
ⓘ South Moor Colliery
Tantobie ⓘ Tanfield Moor Colliery
Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck Potts Gill ⓘ Old Potts Gill Mine	Shaw (1972) +3 other references
ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region	Stanley et al. (1991)
Eden Alston Moor ⓘ Ayle Burn Vein	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Blagill Mine
Nenthead ⓘ Brownley Hill Mine (Bloomsberry Horse Level)	Cotterell (2022) +1 other reference
ⓘ Rampgill Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Nentsberry Haggs Mine	Day (1999)
Dufton ⓘ Dufton Fell Mine	[Specimen in the Natural History Museum
Milburn Dun Fell ⓘ Loppysike Level	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
Mungrisdale Bannerdale ⓘ Bannerdale Graphite Mine	Day (1999)
Murton Scordale ⓘ Hilton Mine	Fisher (2009)
ⓘ Murton Mine	Dunham K C
Patterdale ⓘ Greenside Mine
Derbyshire Derbyshire Dales District Bradwell ⓘ Moss Rake	Alan Ions collection
Devon West Devon Peter Tavy Devon United Mines ⓘ North Mine (East Wheal Friendship)	Rumsey et al. (2008)
Lancashire Chorley Anglezarke ⓘ Anglezarke Mines (TL)	Cotterell (2022) +1 other reference
North Yorkshire Richmondshire Arkengarthdale Booze Moor Slei Gill ⓘ Booze Mine Hushes	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Booze Wood Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Lower Slei Gill Hushes	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Sun Gutter Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Washy Green Mine	Render (n.d.)
Langthwaite ⓘ Kay Hushes	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Stang Mine
ⓘ Windegg Edge	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Windegg Lead level and Alcock Hushes	Render (n.d.)
Whaw Northside Mines ⓘ Danby Level	Dunham Sir K C. Geology of the Northern ...
Punchard Gill Mines ⓘ Little Puchard Gill	Render (n.d.)
Askrigg ⓘ Beezy String	Paul
Carperby-cum-Thoresby ⓘ Brockholes Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Brownfield Mine	Render (n.d.)
Grinton ⓘ Devis Hole Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Grinton How Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ High Moss Moor workings	Render (n.d.)
Marrick ⓘ Hind Rake	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Hurst Mines
Melbecks Gunnerside Gill (Gunnerside Ghyll) ⓘ Blakethwaite Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
Friarfold Mine ⓘ Bunton Level (Bunting Level)
ⓘ Friarfold Hush	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Lownathwaite Mine (Lownithwaite Mine; Lownethwaite Mine)	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Priscilla Level	Wood (1993)
ⓘ Sir Francis Level	Wood (1993)
ⓘ Kinning Mine	Render (n.d.)
Low Row ⓘ Friar Intake Level	Paul Nicholson Collection
ⓘ Summer Lodge Mine	Render (n.d.)
Muker ⓘ Little Moor Foot Mine
Redmire ⓘ Apedale	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Beldon Greets	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Cleavers Mines	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Cleavers Rake	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Upper Apedale Hushes	Render (n.d.)
Reeth, Fremington and Healaugh ⓘ Copperthwaite Mine	Render (n.d.)
Kearton ⓘ Surrender Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Surrender Smelting Mill slag locality	Braithwaite et al. (1993)
Old Gang Mines (AD Mines) ⓘ Forefield Rake	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Friarfold Rake	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ North Rake	Render (n.d.)
Richmond Mineral Belt ⓘ Forcett Quarry
ⓘ Sorrowful Hill Vein	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
Northumberland Acomb ⓘ Birkey Burn Deposit	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Fallowfield Mine	Hall (1868) +2 other references
Newbrough ⓘ Settlingstones Mine	and of serpierite at Ross Island mine +4 other references
West Allen Carrshield ⓘ Heartycleugh Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Mohopehead Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Scraithole Mine	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
Ninebanks ⓘ Keirsleywell Row Veins	Dunham et al. (2nd Edition)
ⓘ Wellhope Shaft dumps	Dunham: The Geology of the Northern ...
ⓘ Wellhopehead Mine
Shropshire Chirbury ⓘ Ridge Mine	Render (n.d.)
Chirbury with Brompton ⓘ Rorrington Mine	Day (1999)
Hope-Shelve District ⓘ Santley Mine	Render (n.d.)
Stiperstones ⓘ Myttonsbeach Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ New Venture Mine (Stiperstones Mine)	Render (n.d.)
Middleton Scriven ⓘ Bulthy Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Nipstone Mine	Render (n.d.)
Pulverbatch ⓘ Westcott Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Wilderley Mine	Render (n.d.)
Ratlinghope ⓘ Gatten Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Rock Mine	Render (n.d.)
Snailbeach ⓘ Snailbeach Mine	Hall (1868)
Wotherton ⓘ East Wotherton Mine	Render (n.d.)
Somerset Somerset West and Taunton Kilve ⓘ Kilve Beach	Render (n.d.)
Watchet ⓘ Warren Bay	Render (n.d.)
Staffordshire Staffordshire Moorlands Fawfieldhead ⓘ Hayesbrook Mine ?	Ford (2000)
Scotland Dumfries and Galloway Wanlockhead ⓘ New Glencrieff Mine (Wanlockhead Mine; East and West branch of New Glencrieff Vein)
West Lothian Linlithgow ⓘ Hilderston Silver Mine	Day (1999)
Wales Powys Llangynog ⓘ Craig-y-Mwyn Mine	Day (1999)
ⓘ Craig Rhiwarth Mine (Ochrycraig; North Llangynog)	Day (1999)
ⓘ Cwm Orog Mine	Day (1999)
ⓘ Llangynog Mine	Day (1999)
Llanidloes ⓘ Aberdaunant Mine
ⓘ Bryntail Mine	Day (1999)
ⓘ Dolwen Mine	Render (n.d.)
ⓘ Gorn Mine	Day (1999)
ⓘ Pen-y-Clun mine	[www.thamesvalleyminerals.com]
ⓘ Van Mine
Old Radnor ⓘ Dolyhir Quarry	National Museum of Wales database +1 other reference
Rhondda Cynon Taf Llantrisant ⓘ A4119 roadcutting
ⓘ Rhiwsaeson (Gwern Efa)
USA
Alaska Juneau Mining District Glacier Bay Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - JU056; near White Glacier)	- (2008)
North Slope Borough Noatak Mining District ⓘ Ekakevik Occurrence	- (2008)
Northwest Arctic Borough Lisburne Mining District (Red Dog Mining District) ⓘ Anarraaq Zn-Pb-Ag deposit	Schardt (2008)
Petersburg Borough Kupreanof Mining District ⓘ Unnamed Occurrence (ARDF - PA031; on Saginaw Bay)	- (2008)
ⓘ Unnamed Prospect (ARDF - PA022; north side of Cornwallis Peninsula)	- (2008)
Arizona Mohave County ⓘ Hylstad deposit	MRDS file #10064848. +1 other reference
Pima County Sierrita Mountains Pima Mining District (Olive Mining District; Mineral Hill Mining District; Twin Buttes Mining District) San Xavier Mission complex ⓘ Mission pit	Anthony et al. (1995)
Yuma County Castle Dome Mountains ⓘ Castle Dome Mining District	Nevius (1912)
ⓘ De Luce Mine (De Luce claims; Fera Mine; La Lola mine)	Galbraith (1959) +1 other reference
Arkansas Garland County Lake Catherine ⓘ V intrusive	Erickson +2 other references
Montgomery County Glenwood ⓘ Pigeon Roost Mine (Pigeon Roost Mountain prospect)	Rocks & Min.: 56:248 & 63:113.
California Fresno County Big Creek-Rush Creek Mining District Big Creek ⓘ Esquire No. 7 claim	Newberry et al. (1981)
ⓘ Esquire No. 8 claim	Bob Walstrom
ⓘ Rush Creek	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 464. +2 other references
ⓘ Esquire No. 1 claim	Walstrom (n.d.) +2 other references
Kern County Boron ⓘ Kramer Borate deposit	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222. +2 other references
Mariposa County East Belt Clearing House Mining District Clearing House Trumbull Peak ⓘ Trumbull Peak Ba-silicate deposit	Rogers (1932) +4 other references
Hite Cove Mining District Peachtree Bar ⓘ Devil's Gulch deposit (Egenhoff property; Barium No. 2 & No. 3 claims; North Barium Fractional claim; Barium No. 3 claim; South Fractional claim; Camp Lode claim) ?	- (2005)
ⓘ El Portal	Palache et al. (1951)
ⓘ El Portal Mine (El Portal Barite Mine; Barium 1 claim; Barium 2 claim; North Barium claim; South Barium claim)	Dolbear (1917) +5 other references
Plumas County Last Chance Mining District Adams Peak ⓘ Lodi No. 4 Mine (Lodi No. 4 claim)	Dunning et al. (2005)
San Benito County Picacho Peak ⓘ Victor claim (Victor Mine)	Alfors et al. (1984)
Santa Cruz County Santa Cruz ⓘ Pacific Cement and Aggregate Company quarry	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222. +3 other references
Shasta County Klamath Mountains Harrison Gulch Mining District Platina ⓘ Beegum Creek	Palache et al. (1951)
Trinity County Coastal Range Mad River Rock ⓘ Hale Creek Mine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222 +2 other references
Tulare County Dumtah ⓘ Baumann prospect (Bauman Ranch)	Mineralogical Record: 34 (2) +1 other reference
ⓘ Van Gordon Creek Prospect	Walstrom (n.d.)
ⓘ Green River Formation	Tank (1972) +1 other reference
Illinois Hardin County Cave-In-Rock Mining Sub-District ⓘ Cave-in-Rock	Mineralogical Record (1997)
ⓘ Ozark-Mahoning group	Mineralogical Record (1997)
ⓘ A. L. Davis No. 4 Mine	Rocks & Min.: 63:211.
ⓘ M. F. Oxford No. 7 Mine	Rocks & Min.: 63: 211
ⓘ Minerva No. 1 Mine	Mineralogical Record: 5: 266-269 +2 other references
ⓘ West Green Mine	Rocks & Min.: 24:359 +1 other reference
ⓘ Rosiclare	Danny Jones
ⓘ Rosiclare Mining Sub-District	Christian Bracke Collection.
ⓘ Pope County	Beste (1996)
ⓘ Kentucky	Anderson (1994)
Boyle County Danville Caldwell Stone Company Quarry ⓘ Walker vein ?
Fayette County ⓘ Lexington	Palache et al. (1951)
Scott County ⓘ Wm. Davis Vein	Goldstein (2006)
Massachusetts Hampshire County Easthampton ⓘ Loudville Lead Mines (Manhan Lead-Silver Mine; Southampton Lead Mine; Northampton Lead Mine)	Gleba (2008)
Michigan Arenac County ⓘ Dudley	Heinrich et al. (2004)
Missouri Washington County ⓘ Potosi Barite Mining District	Leonhard (1886) +1 other reference
Montana Glacier County ⓘ Glacier National Park	Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference
Nevada Elko County Bootstrap Mining District ⓘ Rossi Mine (Sage Hen group)	- (2005)
Esmeralda County Lone Mountain Mining District ⓘ Mammoth No. 1 claim	Castor et al. (2004)
Eureka County Lynn Mining District Elko ⓘ Carlin Gold mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Maggie Creek Mining District ⓘ Maggie Creek mine (Schroeder Mountain mine) ?	Castor et al. (2004)
Lander County Argenta nonmetallic Mining District ⓘ Argenta mine	Stewart et al. (1977) +1 other reference
Nye County Toquima Range Northumberland Mining District ⓘ Ann claims	Castor et al. (2004)
New Mexico Bernalillo County ⓘ Tijeras Canyon Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Eddy County Carlsbad Caverns National Park ⓘ Lechuguilla Cave	Northrop et al. (1996)
Sierra County ⓘ San Andreas Mountains	Northrop et al. (1996)
Socorro County ⓘ Hansonburg District	Northrop et al. (1996)
New York Montgomery County ⓘ Cushing Stone quarry	Robinson et al. (2007)
Onondaga County Jamesville ⓘ Gates Road Quarry (Jamesville Rock Quarry)	Robinson et al. (2007)
Seneca County Covert ⓘ Hubbard Quarry	Rocks & Min.:64 (5)
Tennessee Rutherford County ⓘ Arthur Hudson Prospect	Travis A. Paris (2011)
Utah Tooele County Wildcat Mining District ⓘ Silver Queen Mine	Thurston et al. (1954)
Washington Stevens County Northport Mining District Northport Area ⓘ Flagstaff Mountain Mine	Jackson (1986)
Wyoming Sweetwater County Green River Basin ⓘ Westvaco mine	Mrose et al. (1961)