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Kukhi-Malik area (Kuhi-malik), Yagnob River, Zeravshan Range, Sughd, Tajikistani
Regional Level Types
Kukhi-Malik area (Kuhi-malik)Area
Yagnob RiverRiver
Zeravshan RangeMountain Range
SughdRegion
TajikistanCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
39° 11' 42'' North , 68° 34' 15'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
39.19521,68.57084
GeoHash:
G#: twbybr7b8
GRN:
N27E38
Type:
Area
KΓΆppen climate type:
Dsc : Dry-summer subarctic climate
Mindat Locality ID:
122085
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:122085:1
GUID (UUID V4):
e02335e8-5b8d-4d74-a6c8-b09e3b0c066b


Kukhi-Malik tract located at the area of Fan-Yagnob deposit of black coking coal. It is just across Yagnob River (on its north side) and about 1 km up from former Ravat Kishlak (Village). A number of small (up to 40 cm thick) coal layers hosted by folded into pleats Jurassic age sediments. They were self-igniting and burning long time and could be traced along the slopes by burnt (sometimes melted) host rocks (mostly argyllites). In the place of current burning coal is rather deep but fumarole gases still reach up to 900Β°C and maybe more.

This place is known for centuries as a source of salammoniac (under the name Tatar salt it was exported even in Europe), sulphur (for powder), alum and other sulphates (for leather workings). The walls of small pits which remain since last works in 1940s are a good substrate for mineral crystallization from fumaroles and also a good place for preserving sublimates from moisture.

This place is nearly identical with another point of burning coal near former Ravat itself. The type of coal and host rocks are the same, mineral species, geochemical environment are practically the same.

In both these sites mineral-forming processes are well developed and by that they differ from a number of coal combustions in close area some of them self-ignited recently (producing mostly liquid and semi-liquid organic products) and some didn't last long and are now extinct.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


39 valid minerals. 1 (TL) - type locality of valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
β“˜ Anhydrite
Formula: CaSO4
β“˜ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
β“˜ Boussingaultite
Formula: (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
β“˜ Cinnabar
Formula: HgS
β“˜ Clinoferrosilite
Formula: Fe2+2Si2O6
β“˜ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜ Cryptohalite
Formula: (NH4)2[SiF6]
Habit: cryptocrystalline (somewhat botryoidal) masses with sulfur
Colour: light yellow (masses)
Description: Occurs as encrustations on rocks
References:
PXRD
β“˜ Efremovite
Formula: (NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
β“˜ Falgarite (TL)
Formula: K4(VO)3(SO4)5
Type Locality:
β“˜ Fayalite
Formula: Fe2+2SiO4
β“˜ Galena
Formula: PbS
Description:
β“˜ Godovikovite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2
β“˜ Greenalite
Formula: (Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
β“˜ Greenockite
Formula: CdS
β“˜ Gwihabaite
Formula: (NH4,K)NO3
β“˜ Hedleyite
Formula: Bi7Te3
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
β“˜ Hercynite
Formula: Fe2+Al2O4
β“˜ Ilsemannite
Formula: Mo3O8 · nH2O
β“˜ Letovicite
Formula: (NH4)3H(SO4)2
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜ Mascagnite
Formula: (NH4)2SO4
β“˜ Molybdite
Formula: MoO3
β“˜ Mullite
Formula: Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Rhomboclase
Formula: (H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O
β“˜ Rostite
Formula: Al(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
β“˜ Salammoniac
Formula: NH4Cl
β“˜ Sekaninaite
Formula: (Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜ Selenium
Formula: Se
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
β“˜ Stranskiite
Formula: Zn2Cu(AsO4)2
β“˜ Sulphur
Formula: S8
β“˜ Tiemannite
Formula: HgSe
β“˜ Tridymite
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Tschermigite
Formula: (NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
β“˜ Voltaite
Formula: K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O

Gallery:

(NH4)2[SiF6]β“˜ Cryptohalite
S8β“˜ Sulphur

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Sulphur1.CC.05S8
β“˜Selenium1.CC.10Se
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Tiemannite2.CB.05aHgSe
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Greenockite2.CB.45CdS
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Galena2.CD.10PbS
β“˜Cinnabar2.CD.15aHgS
β“˜Hedleyite2.DC.05Bi7Te3
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Salammoniac3.AA.25NH4Cl
β“˜Cryptohalite3.CH.15(NH4)2[SiF6]
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Hercynite4.BB.05Fe2+Al2O4
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Tridymite4.DA.10SiO2
β“˜Molybdite4.E0.10MoO3
β“˜Ilsemannite4.FJ.15Mo3O8 Β· nH2O
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜Gwihabaite5.NA.15(NH4,K)NO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
β“˜Efremovite7.AC.10(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
β“˜Godovikovite7.AC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2
β“˜Mascagnite7.AD.05(NH4)2SO4
β“˜Letovicite7.AD.20(NH4)3H(SO4)2
β“˜Anhydrite7.AD.30CaSO4
β“˜Baryte7.AD.35BaSO4
β“˜Falgarite (TL)7.BC.55K4(VO)3(SO4)5
β“˜Alunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 Β· 17H2O
β“˜Rhomboclase7.CB.55(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 Β· 2H2O
β“˜Tschermigite7.CC.20(NH4)Al(SO4)2 Β· 12H2O
β“˜Voltaite7.CC.25K2Fe2+5Fe3+3Al(SO4)12 Β· 18H2O
β“˜Boussingaultite7.CC.60(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 Β· 6H2O
β“˜Rostite7.DB.10Al(SO4)(OH) Β· 5H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
β“˜Stranskiite8.AB.35Zn2Cu(AsO4)2
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Fayalite9.AC.05Fe2+2SiO4
β“˜Mullite9.AF.20Al4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
β“˜Sekaninaite9.CJ.10(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜Cordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
β“˜Clinoferrosilite9.DA.10Fe2+2Si2O6
β“˜Greenalite9.ED.15(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hβ“˜ Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Hβ“˜ Cryptohalite(NH4)2[SiF6]
Hβ“˜ Efremovite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
Hβ“˜ Godovikovite(NH4)Al(SO4)2
Hβ“˜ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Hβ“˜ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Hβ“˜ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Hβ“˜ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Hβ“˜ Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hβ“˜ RostiteAl(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Hβ“˜ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Hβ“˜ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Hβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Hβ“˜ Gwihabaite(NH4,K)NO3
NNitrogen
Nβ“˜ Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Nβ“˜ Cryptohalite(NH4)2[SiF6]
Nβ“˜ Efremovite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
Nβ“˜ Godovikovite(NH4)Al(SO4)2
Nβ“˜ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Nβ“˜ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Nβ“˜ SalammoniacNH4Cl
Nβ“˜ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Nβ“˜ Gwihabaite(NH4,K)NO3
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Oβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Oβ“˜ Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Oβ“˜ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Oβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oβ“˜ Efremovite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
Oβ“˜ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Oβ“˜ Godovikovite(NH4)Al(SO4)2
Oβ“˜ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Oβ“˜ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Oβ“˜ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Oβ“˜ MolybditeMoO3
Oβ“˜ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oβ“˜ RostiteAl(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Oβ“˜ Sekaninaite(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oβ“˜ StranskiiteZn2Cu(AsO4)2
Oβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oβ“˜ TridymiteSiO2
Oβ“˜ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Oβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Oβ“˜ Gwihabaite(NH4,K)NO3
Oβ“˜ FalgariteK4(VO)3(SO4)5
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ Cryptohalite(NH4)2[SiF6]
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Mgβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgβ“˜ Efremovite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
Mgβ“˜ Sekaninaite(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alβ“˜ Godovikovite(NH4)Al(SO4)2
Alβ“˜ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Alβ“˜ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Alβ“˜ RostiteAl(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Alβ“˜ Sekaninaite(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alβ“˜ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Alβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Siβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siβ“˜ Cryptohalite(NH4)2[SiF6]
Siβ“˜ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Siβ“˜ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Siβ“˜ MulliteAl4+2xSi2-2xO10-x
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Sekaninaite(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siβ“˜ TridymiteSiO2
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
Sβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
Sβ“˜ Boussingaultite(NH4)2Mg(SO4)2 · 6H2O
Sβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
Sβ“˜ Efremovite(NH4)2Mg2(SO4)3
Sβ“˜ GalenaPbS
Sβ“˜ Godovikovite(NH4)Al(SO4)2
Sβ“˜ GreenockiteCdS
Sβ“˜ Letovicite(NH4)3H(SO4)2
Sβ“˜ Mascagnite(NH4)2SO4
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sβ“˜ RostiteAl(SO4)(OH) · 5H2O
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ SulphurS8
Sβ“˜ Tschermigite(NH4)Al(SO4)2 · 12H2O
Sβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Sβ“˜ FalgariteK4(VO)3(SO4)5
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ SalammoniacNH4Cl
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
Kβ“˜ Gwihabaite(NH4,K)NO3
Kβ“˜ FalgariteK4(VO)3(SO4)5
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ AnhydriteCaSO4
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
VVanadium
Vβ“˜ FalgariteK4(VO)3(SO4)5
FeIron
Feβ“˜ ClinoferrosiliteFe22+Si2O6
Feβ“˜ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feβ“˜ FayaliteFe22+SiO4
Feβ“˜ Greenalite(Fe2+,Fe3+)2-3Si2O5(OH)4
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ Rhomboclase(H5O2)Fe3+(SO4)2 · 2H2O
Feβ“˜ Sekaninaite(Fe,Mg)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feβ“˜ VoltaiteK2Fe52+Fe33+Al(SO4)12 · 18H2O
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ StranskiiteZn2Cu(AsO4)2
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Znβ“˜ StranskiiteZn2Cu(AsO4)2
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ StranskiiteZn2Cu(AsO4)2
SeSelenium
Seβ“˜ SeleniumSe
Seβ“˜ TiemanniteHgSe
MoMolybdenum
Moβ“˜ IlsemanniteMo3O8 · nH2O
Moβ“˜ MolybditeMoO3
CdCadmium
Cdβ“˜ GreenockiteCdS
TeTellurium
Teβ“˜ HedleyiteBi7Te3
BaBarium
Baβ“˜ BaryteBaSO4
HgMercury
Hgβ“˜ CinnabarHgS
Hgβ“˜ TiemanniteHgSe
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ GalenaPbS
BiBismuth
Biβ“˜ HedleyiteBi7Te3

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
Soviet Union (1922-1991)Country
TurkestanArea

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Novikov, V.P., Suprychev, V.V. (1986) Parameters of modern mineral-forming processes associated with underground coal combustion at Fan-Yagnob deposit. Mineralogy of Tajikistan: 7: 91-104. (in Russian)
Belakovskiy, D.I., Moskalev, I.V.(1988) Natural ammonium nitrate from the products of self-ignited coal layers in Kukhi-Malik valley (Central Tajikistan). Novye dannye o mineralakh (new data on minerals): 35: 191-194. (in Russian)
Belakovskiy D.I., Novikov V.P., Pautov L.A., Suprychev V.V. (1988) First occurrence of letovicite in the USSR (Central Tajikistan). Doklady Akademii Nauk Tadzhikskoy SSR: 31(9): 603-606. (in Russian)
Belakovski, D. (1990) Die Mineralien der brennenden KohleflΓΆze von Ravat in Tadshikistan. Lapis: 15(12): 21-26. (in German)
Belakovskiy, D.I., Galuskin, E. (1990) Hopper crystals of natural salammoniac. Mineralogitceskiy Zhurnal: 12: xx-xx. (in Russian)
Nasdala, L., Pekov, I.V. (1993) Ravatite, C14H10, a new organic mineral species from Ravat, Tajikistan. European Journal of Mineralogy: 5: 699-705.
Sharygin, V.V., Sokol, E.V. and Belakovskii, D.I. (2009) Fayalite-sekaninaite paralava from the Ravat coal fire (central Tajikistan). Russian Geology and Geophysics: 50: 703-721.
Pautov, Leonid A., Mirakov, Mirak A., Siidra, Oleg I., Faiziev, Abdulkhak R., Nazarchuk, Π•vgeny V., Karpenko, Vladimir Yu., Makhmadsharif, Saimudasir (2020) Falgarite, K4(VO)3(SO4)5, a new mineral from sublimates of a natural underground coal fire at the tract of Kukhi-Malik, Fan-Yagnob coal deposit, Tajikistan. Mineralogical Magazine, 84 (3) 455-462 doi:10.1180/mgm.2020.22
Mirakov, M.A., Pautov, L.A., Mahmadsharif, S., Karpenko, V.Yu., Shodibekov, M.A. (2020) The first find of mercury minerals - timannite and cinnabar in the flames of a natural underground fire in the Kuhi-Malik tract on Fan-Yagnob coal deposit (Tajikistan). New Mineral Data: 54(4): 96-106. (in Russian)
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