Glauberite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Glauberite
Johann Rudolf Glauber
Formula:
Na2Ca(SO4)2
Colour:
Grey, yellowish, colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Hardness:
2½ - 3
Specific Gravity:
2.75 - 2.85
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named in 1808 by Brongniart for its chemical similarity to Glauber's salt, Na2SO4·10H2O, discovered by German alchemist Johann Rudolf Glauber (1604-1668). Natural Glauber's salt is the distinct species mirabilite.
This page provides mineralogical data about Glauberite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1706
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1706:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
80b2e1e6-5c1e-4dcf-9e48-480764db1a61
IMA Classification of Glauberite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
First published:
1808
Classification of Glauberite
7.AD.25
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
A : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) without additional anions, without H2O
D : With only large cations
28.4.2.1
28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
4 : Miscellaneous
28 : ANHYDROUS ACID AND NORMAL SULFATES
4 : Miscellaneous
25.4.4
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
25 : Sulphates
4 : Sulphates of Ca, Sr and Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Glb | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Glauberite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Glauberite
Vitreous, Waxy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on cleavage {001}
Colour:
Grey, yellowish, colourless; colourless in transmitted light
Streak:
White
Hardness:
2½ - 3 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {001} perfect; on {110} indistinct.
On {001} perfect; on {110} indistinct.
Fracture:
Conchoidal
Translation gliding:
Exhibits translation gliding.
Density:
2.75 - 2.85 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.78 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Glauberite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.507 - 1.515 nβ = 1.527 - 1.535 nγ = 1.529 - 1.536
2V:
Calculated: 24° to 34°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.022
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Low
Dispersion:
strong r > v
Chemistry of Glauberite
Mindat Formula:
Na2Ca(SO4)2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Glauberite
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/b
Setting:
C2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.129(2) Å, b = 8.306(2) Å, c = 8.533(2) Å
β = 112.19(1)°
β = 112.19(1)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.219 : 1 : 1.027
Unit Cell V:
664.72 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {001}, with {110} lacking at times; prismatic by extension of [101] with large {111}; dipyramidal through combinations of {111} and {110}; prismatic [001] with large {110}. {001} and {111} often striated parallel to their intersection, and {111} may be rounded or step-like near the termination.
Crystallographic forms of Glauberite
Crystal Atlas:
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Glauberite no.12 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
Glauberite no.18 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)
3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by
www.smorf.nl.
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Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000158 | Glauberite | Araki T, Zoltai T (1967) Refinement of the crystal structure of a glauberite American Mineralogist 52 1272-1277 |  | 1967 | Imperial County, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0018655 | Glauberite | Cocco G, Corazza E, Sabelli C (1965) The crystal structure of glauberite, CaNa2(SO4)2 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 122 175-184 | | 1965 | Chinchon (Madrid), Spain | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
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Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.175 Å | (75) |
| 3.126 Å | (100) |
| 3.110 Å | (80) |
| 2.861 Å | (50) |
| 2.808 Å | (65) |
| 2.677 Å | (60) |
| 1.975 Å | (60) |
Comments:
Synthetic material.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Near-surface Processes | |
| 25 : Evaporites (prebiotic) | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates] |
Geological Setting:
Lacustrine and oceanic salt deposits; at fumarole deposits; in nitrate deposits in arid regions.
Type Occurrence of Glauberite
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Natural History Museum, Paris 23.400-223,402
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Salt deposit.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Reference:
Brongniart, A. (1808) Sur une nouvelle espèce de minéral de la classe des sels, nommée glauberite. Journal des mines: 23: 5-20.
Other Language Names for Glauberite
German:Glauberit
Indonesian:Glauberit
Italian:Glauberite
Polish:Glauberyt
Russian:Глауберит
Simplified Chinese:钙芒硝
Spanish:Glauberita
Traditional Chinese:鈣芒硝
Ukrainian:Глауберит
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
| 29 photos of Glauberite associated with Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
| 21 photos of Glauberite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
| 9 photos of Glauberite associated with Hydroglauberite | Na10Ca3(SO4)8 · 6H2O |
| 6 photos of Glauberite associated with Prehnite | Ca2Al2Si3O10(OH)2 |
| 3 photos of Glauberite associated with Caracolite | Na3Pb2(SO4)3Cl |
| 3 photos of Glauberite associated with Sideronatrite | Na2Fe(SO4)2(OH) · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Glauberite associated with Halite | NaCl |
| 2 photos of Glauberite associated with Tamarugite | NaAl(SO4)2 · 6H2O |
| 1 photo of Glauberite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
| 1 photo of Glauberite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 7.AD. | Calciolangbeinite | K2Ca2(SO4)3 |
| 7.AD. | Bubnovaite | K2Na8Ca(SO4)6 |
| 7.AD. | Dobrovolskyite | Na4Ca(SO4)3 |
| 7.AD. | Murphyite | Pb(Te6+O4) |
| 7.AD. | Cuprodobrovolskyite | Na4Cu(SO4)3 |
| 7.AD. | Kristjánite | KNa2H(SO4)2 |
| 7.AD.05 | Arcanite | K2SO4 |
| 7.AD.05 | Mascagnite | (NH4)2SO4 |
| 7.AD.10 | Mercallite | KHSO4 |
| 7.AD.15 | Misenite | K8H6(SO4)7 |
| 7.AD.20 | Letovicite | (NH4)3H(SO4)2 |
| 7.AD.25 | Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
| 7.AD.30 | Anhydrite | CaSO4 |
| 7.AD.30 | Metathénardite | Na2SO4 |
| 7.AD.35 | Anglesite | PbSO4 |
| 7.AD.35 | Baryte | BaSO4 |
| 7.AD.35 | Celestine | SrSO4 |
| 7.AD.35 | Olsacherite | Pb2(Se6+O4)(SO4) |
| 7.AD.40 | Kalistrontite | K2Sr(SO4)2 |
| 7.AD.40 | Palmierite | K2Pb(SO4)2 |
| 7.AD.45 | Ivsite | Na3H(SO4)2 |
| 7.AD.55 | Markhininite | TlBi(SO4)2 |
Other Information
Notes:
Powdery surface alteration in humid environments to gypsum with leaching of sodium sulfate.
Special Storage/
Display Requirements:
Display Requirements:
Powdery surface alteration in humid environments to gypsum with leaching of sodium sulfate.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Glauberite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1706.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Glauberite
Localities for Glauberite
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica | |
| Bisson et al. (2015) |
Argentina | |
| Brodtkorb et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) | |
| Brodtkorb et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) | |
| Brodtkorb et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) |
| Brodtkorb et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) | |
| Raúl Jorge Tauber Larry | |
| Alonso et al. (Ed. E.O. Zappettini) |
| Ovejero Toledo et al. (2009) | |
Australia | |
| Uwe Kolitsch collection +1 other reference |
| www.crocoite.com (2004) |
| P. Sutton +1 other reference |
| Natural History Museum Vienna ... +2 other references |
Austria | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Strasser (1989) |
| Kirchner (1974) |
| Exel (1993) |
| |
| Palache et al. (1951) +1 other reference |
Bolivia | |
| Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | |
| Janjić et al. (1971) |
Canada | |
| Richard Gunter Collection |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Boehner (1986) |
| Last (1990) |
| CIM Bulletin January 1967 |
| Greengrass et al. (1999) | |
Chile | |
| Wet Chemical by Gerhard Möhn |
| samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and ... |
| Natural History Museum Vienna collection (U. Kolitsch SXRD analysis) |
| Collao et al. (2002) |
| Marta et al. (1996) +1 other reference | |
| Samples analysed by Dr. Jochen Schlüter (Hamburg University) | |
| Wet Chemical by Gerhard Möhn |
| sample analysed by Tony Kampf | |
| luigi chiappino specimen |
| Ericksen et al. (1989) |
| maurizio dini collection - analysed ... |
China | |
| Renwei Li and Maoan Xin (1989) |
| Zhenmi Liu (2000) |
| Zhu et al. (2015) |
| Shaoxiu Yang (1991) +1 other reference |
| Shaoxiu Yang (1991) |
| Yu et al. (2014) |
| Zhongde Zhu (1988) |
| Acta Geologica Sichuan 2004 (2) |
| Yanling Tang (2005) |
| Bingxiao Li (1992) +3 other references | |
| Chenglin Liu et al. (2008) | |
| National Geological Archives of China ... |
| Bingxiao Li (1992) |
| Bingxiao Li (1992) +1 other reference |
| Bingxiao Li (1992) |
| Bingxiao Li (1992) | |
| Wei Dongyan et al. (2000) |
| Li et al. (2015) |
France | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Naze-Nancy Masalehdani et al. (2009) |
| Inventaire mineralogique de l'Ariege (Ed. BRGM) |
Germany | |
| in the collection of Christof Schäfer |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| von Engelhardt et al. (1956) |
| |
| Bode "Mineralien und Fundstellen BRD" ... |
| Ingendahl (2016) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Naumann | |
Greece | |
| Rieck et al. (2020) |
| Rieck et al. (2020) |
Hungary | |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
| Szakáll & Gatter: Hungarian Mineral ... |
Iceland | |
| Balić-Žunić et al. (2016) |
| Mitolo et al. (2008) |
| Jakobsson et al. (1992) |
India | |
| Sinha et al. (2003) |
Iran | |
| Ghadimi et al. (2013) |
Italy | |
| Pichler et al. (1970) +1 other reference |
| Russo et al. (2004) |
| Russo et al. (2004) | |
| Cavarretta et al. (1981) +1 other reference |
| COSSA A. (1878) |
| Dill (1979) |
| Zaccaria et al. (2021) |
Japan | |
| Seki et al. (1987) |
Kazakhstan | |
| ERCOSPAN (2011) |
| Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references |
Netherlands | |
| T.G. Nijland |
Pakistan | |
| Dana 6: 899 +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Wachowiak et al. (2016) |
Russia | |
| Ripp et al. (2019) |
| Pekov et al. (2019) |
| Okrugin (2004) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Naumov et al. (2008) |
South Africa | |
| Tarasov et al. (2021, April) |
Spain | |
| Navarro et al. (2009) |
| Vizcayno et al. (1995) |
| Vizcayno et al. (1995) | |
| Calvo (2008) |
| Calvo (2008) | |
| Mees et al. (2011) |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Brongniart (1808) +2 other references | |
| Jiménez Martínez |
| Dammer |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| González del Tánago et al. (2002) |
| Calvo (2013) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Society for Sedimentary Geology. 203-215 (1994) +1 other reference | |
| Rewitzer et al. (2018) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
| Calvo Rebollar (2014) |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tunisia | |
| Smykatz-Kloss et al. (2010) |
Turkey | |
| Helvaci et al. (2004) |
| Helvaci (1998) | |
| Ortı́ et al. (2002) |
| Vergouwen (1981) |
| Vergouwen (1981) | |
| J. García-Veigas et al. (2010) +2 other references |
| Altay et al. (2010) |
Turkmenistan | |
| John K. Warren +1 other reference |
UK | |
| F. H. Stewart (1965) +1 other reference |
| Smith et al. (2014) |
| Kemp et al. (2016) | |
USA | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) |
| Guild (1910) +4 other references | |
| Twenter (1962) |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Tenny (1928) +1 other reference | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Anthony et al. (1995) | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284. +5 other references |
| Reiner Mielke | |
| Ericksen et al. (1988) |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 285. +3 other references |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284 +3 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 284 +7 other references | |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 285. +6 other references |
| Rath (1887) +5 other references |
| Hon |
| Longwell et al. (1965) |
| Longwell et al. (1965) |
| NBMG Bull 58 Geology and Mineral ... |
| celestialearthminerals.com (2022) |
| Hawkins (1933) +1 other reference |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) | |
| Hawley +5 other references |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| Lindgren et al. (1910) | |
| North Dakota Geological Survey |
| Jay Ellis Ransom | |
| Palache et al. (1951) |
| Palache et al. (1951) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) | |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
Uzbekistan | |
| Pekov (1998) |
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Consuelo Mine, Chinchón, Community of Madrid, Spain