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Birkeland 04 Feldspar Quarry, Birkeland, Iveland, Agder, Norwayi
Regional Level Types
Birkeland 04 Feldspar QuarryQuarry
BirkelandFarm
IvelandMunicipality
AgderCounty
NorwayCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
58° 32' 8'' North , 7° 55' 28'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
58.53576,7.92463
GeoHash:
G#: u4mth24e9
GRN:
N40E03
Type:
Quarry
KΓΆppen climate type:
Dfc : Subarctic climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Byglandsfjord332 (2014)15.9km
Birkeland2,254 (2010)29.0km
Vennesla10,931 (2014)29.8km
Tveit1,397 (2010)35.5km
Justvik1,630 (2014)38.2km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
SΓΈrlandets GeologiforeningKristiansand42km
Mindat Locality ID:
49637
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:49637:0
GUID (UUID V4):
6d46c5a6-0a49-4230-8f1d-4cec504f09fb
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
RΓΈykvartsbruddet; Gadolinittbruddet
Other Languages:
Norwegian:
Birkeland 4 , Birkeland, Iveland, Agder, Norge


A granite pegmatite hosted in amphibolite located about 500 m north of the Birkeland farm. A small quarry is worked on the pegmatite, in the eastern part of it.

The quarry was started by Gustav Eftevann in 1906 (Frigstad 1968).

In 1968 it was reported that the quarry had produced about 100 kg of gadolinite and 200 ton of microcline. The quarry is also famous for a find of a large cavity containing very nice and large quartz crystals. The story goes that these crystals initially were discarded and thrown on the dumps.

Several decades later, when mineral tourism was gaining momentum, someone remembered the quartz crystals and the whole dump was emptied.

In the collections of the Evje og Hornnes geomuseum Fennefoss and the Iveland municipality mineral collection, several nice samples can be seen.

The largest specimen at Fennefoss weighs well over 50 kg (!).

Coordinates Β© Kartverket - https://www.kartverket.no

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded at this locality.


Mineral List


27 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ Albite var. Cleavelandite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜ 'Allanite Group'
Formula: (A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ BastnΓ€site-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(CO3)F
β“˜ Bavenite
Formula: Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
β“˜ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
β“˜ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜ Bismuth
Formula: Bi
β“˜ Bismutite
Formula: (BiO)2CO3
β“˜ Cerianite-(Ce) ?
Formula: (Ce4+,Th)O2
Habit: finegrained massive
Colour: yellowish white
Description: Embedded in spessartine-fluorite. Described by Frigstad (1968) as "yttrofluorite", could be cerianite-(Ce) (Frigstad 1999)
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
β“˜ Elbaite ?
Formula: Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
β“˜ Epidote
Formula: (CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜ 'Fergusonite'
β“˜ Fluocerite-(Ce)
Formula: CeF3
Habit: massive
Colour: Brownish-yellow
β“˜ Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
β“˜ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite ?
Formula: (Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x
Description: May be cerianite-(Ce)
β“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)
Formula: Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
β“˜ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Goethite
Formula: Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
β“˜ Laumontite
Formula: CaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Colour: Reddish
β“˜ 'Monazite'
Formula: REE(PO4)
β“˜ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Description: Masses to 100 kg
β“˜ 'Muscovite-1M'
β“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Quartz var. Smoky Quartz
Formula: SiO2
β“˜ Rhabdophane-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Description: Frigstad describes rhabdophane-(Ce) from Birkeland 4 as small yellow-white masses occuring with garnet.
β“˜ Spessartine
Formula: Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)
Formula: Mn2+Ta2O6
β“˜ Tengerite-(Y)
Formula: Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O
β“˜ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite
Formula: (Ca,Y)TiSiO5
β“˜ Topaz
Formula: Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
β“˜ 'Tourmaline'
Formula: AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
β“˜ Xenotime-(Y)
Formula: Y(PO4)
β“˜ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

SiO2β“˜ Quartz

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Bismuth1.CA.05Bi
Group 3 - Halides
β“˜Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
β“˜var. Yttrofluorite ?3.AB.25(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x
β“˜Fluocerite-(Ce)3.AC.15CeF3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Goethite4.00.Ξ±-Fe3+O(OH)
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜Hematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
β“˜Quartz
var. Smoky Quartz		4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜4.DA.05SiO2
β“˜Tantalite-(Mn)4.DB.35Mn2+Ta2O6
β“˜Cerianite-(Ce) ?4.DL.05(Ce4+,Th)O2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
β“˜BastnΓ€site-(Ce)5.BD.20aCe(CO3)F
β“˜Bismutite5.BE.25(BiO)2CO3
β“˜Tengerite-(Y)5.CC.10Y2(CO3)3 Β· 2-3H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
β“˜Xenotime-(Y)8.AD.35Y(PO4)
β“˜Rhabdophane-(Ce)8.CJ.45Ce(PO4) Β· 0.6H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Spessartine9.AD.25Mn2+3Al2(SiO4)3
β“˜Zircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
β“˜Topaz9.AF.35Al2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
β“˜Titanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
β“˜var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite9.AG.15(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
β“˜Gadolinite-(Y)9.AJ.20Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
β“˜Epidote9.BG.05a(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
β“˜Beryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
β“˜Elbaite ?9.CK.05Na(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
β“˜Bavenite9.DF.25Ca4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
β“˜Muscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
β“˜Microcline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Albite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜var. Cleavelandite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
β“˜Laumontite9.GB.10CaAl2Si4O12 Β· 4H2O
Unclassified
β“˜'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
β“˜'Fergusonite'-
β“˜'Muscovite-1M'-
β“˜'Monazite'-REE(PO4)
β“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜'Tourmaline'-AD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
β“˜'Allanite Group'-(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Hβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Hβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Hβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Hβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Hβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Hβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Hβ“˜ Tengerite-(Y)Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O
Hβ“˜ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Hβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
LiLithium
Liβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
BeBeryllium
Beβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Beβ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Beβ“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
BBoron
Bβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Bβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
CCarbon
Cβ“˜ BastnΓ€site-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Cβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Cβ“˜ Tengerite-(Y)Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ BastnΓ€site-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Oβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Oβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Oβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
Oβ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Oβ“˜ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Oβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Oβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Oβ“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Oβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Oβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Oβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Oβ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Oβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Oβ“˜ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Oβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ Tengerite-(Y)Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O
Oβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oβ“˜ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Oβ“˜ TourmalineAD3G6 (T6O18)(BO3)3X3Z
Oβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oβ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Oβ“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Oβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ BastnΓ€site-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Fβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fβ“˜ Fluocerite-(Ce)CeF3
Fβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Fβ“˜ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Fβ“˜ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Naβ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Naβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Alβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Alβ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Alβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Alβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Alβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Alβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alβ“˜ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Alβ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Alβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Siβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Siβ“˜ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
Siβ“˜ ElbaiteNa(Li1.5Al1.5)Al6(Si6O18)(BO3)3(OH)3(OH)
Siβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Siβ“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Siβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Siβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siβ“˜ QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ Quartz var. Smoky QuartzSiO2
Siβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siβ“˜ TopazAl2(SiO4)(F,OH)2
Siβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siβ“˜ Albite var. CleavelanditeNa(AlSi3O8)
Siβ“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Siβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siβ“˜ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siβ“˜ Allanite Group(A12+REE3+)(M13+M23+M32+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
PPhosphorus
Pβ“˜ MonaziteREE(PO4)
Pβ“˜ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
Pβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
KPotassium
Kβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Kβ“˜ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kβ“˜ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ BaveniteCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
Caβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Caβ“˜ FluoriteCaF2
Caβ“˜ LaumontiteCaAl2Si4O12 · 4H2O
Caβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caβ“˜ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x
Caβ“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
Caβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Tiβ“˜ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiβ“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
MnManganese
Mnβ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
Mnβ“˜ SpessartineMn32+Al2(SiO4)3
FeIron
Feβ“˜ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Feβ“˜ Epidote(CaCa)(AlAlFe3+)O[Si2O7][SiO4](OH)
Feβ“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Feβ“˜ GoethiteΞ±-Fe3+O(OH)
Feβ“˜ HematiteFe2O3
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
YYttrium
Yβ“˜ Gadolinite-(Y)Y2Fe2+Be2Si2O10
Yβ“˜ Tengerite-(Y)Y2(CO3)3 · 2-3H2O
Yβ“˜ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Yβ“˜ Fluorite var. Yttrofluorite(Ca1-xYx)F2+x where 0.05< x
Yβ“˜ Titanite var. Yttrium-bearing Titanite(Ca,Y)TiSiO5
ZrZirconium
Zrβ“˜ ZirconZr(SiO4)
CeCerium
Ceβ“˜ BastnΓ€site-(Ce)Ce(CO3)F
Ceβ“˜ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2
Ceβ“˜ Fluocerite-(Ce)CeF3
Ceβ“˜ Rhabdophane-(Ce)Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O
TaTantalum
Taβ“˜ Tantalite-(Mn)Mn2+Ta2O6
BiBismuth
Biβ“˜ BismuthBi
Biβ“˜ Bismutite(BiO)2CO3
ThThorium
Thβ“˜ Cerianite-(Ce)(Ce4+,Th)O2

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

Baltic Shield (Fennoscandian Shield)Shield
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
EuropeContinent
ScandinaviaRegion

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Frigstad, O.F. (1968) Tre nye forekomster av mineralet bismutit. Mineralogisk-Geologisk Museum - Universitetet i Oslo- Interne notater, Geologisk Museums venner. 18
Frigstad, Ole Fridtjof (1968) En undersΓΈkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal, Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo. 1-222
Neumann, Henrich (1985) Norges Mineraler [The Minerals of Norway]. Norges geologiske UndersΓΈkelse Skrifter Vol. 68. Universitetsforlagetp.101 - + p 117, on bismutite, rhabdophane-(Ce)
Frigstad, Ole Fridtjof (1999) Amazonittpegmatitter i Iveland-Evje [Amazonite-pegmatites in Iveland-Evje]. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 15. 60-73
Pedersen, Reidar - Ed. (2007) Minerala i Iveland [Minerals in Iveland]. In Iveland V. Gruvedrift. Iveland Bygdesogenemnd, Setesdal. p.332-370.
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