Bastnäsite-(Ce)
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Formula:
Ce(CO3)F
System:
Hexagonal
Colour:
Yellow, reddish-brown; ...
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Member of:
Name:
For the type locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden, plus the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.
Cerium analogue of Bastnäsite-(La) and Bastnäsite-(Y); fluorine analogue of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series.
The most common member of the bastnäsite group.
The most common member of the bastnäsite group.
Classification of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
5/C.07-30
5.BD.20a
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.1.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
12.1.8
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Physical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Diaphaneity (Transparency):
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on basal partings
Colour:
Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Hardness (Mohs):
4 - 4½
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {1010}.
On {1010}.
Parting:
On {0001} distinct to perfect of secondary origin).
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.9 - 5.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.717 - 1.722 nε = 1.818 - 1.823
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.101
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness) and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faintly pleochroic with absorption E is greater than O.
Chemical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(CO3)F
IMA Formula:
CeCO3F
Elements listed in formula:
Crystallography of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 m2 - Ditrigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6c2
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.118(1) Å, c = 9.762(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.371
Unit Cell Volume:
V 428.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {0001}, usually with {1010} alone. Crystals normally deeply grooved horizontally due to oscillatory combination of {1011} and {1010}. Large anhedral masses; granular.
Epitaxial Relationships of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Epitaxial Minerals:
Epitaxy Comments:
Bastnäsite forms oriented overgrowths and alteration pseudomorphs after fluocerite. Crystal axes of both species oriented in parallel position.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction:
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 4.90 | (35) |
| 3.56 | (71) |
| 2.88 | (100) |
| 2.06 | (50) |
| 2.01 | (35) |
| 1.892 | (50) |
| 1.675 | (24) |
Occurrences of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Type Occurrence of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History 23:0476
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Narrow bands in a contact metamorphic amphibole skarn.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Relationship of Bastnäsite-(Ce) to other Species
Series:
Forms a series with Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) (see here)
Member of:
Other Members of Group:
| Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F |
| 5.BD.10 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Nd) | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) |
| 5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F |
| 5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 |
| 5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F |
| 5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 12.1.1 | Northupite | Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl |
| 12.1.2 | Barentsite | Na7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4 |
| 12.1.3 | Rouvilleite | Na3(Ca,Mn,Fe)2(CO3)3F |
| 12.1.4 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O |
| 12.1.5 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)2-x(SiO4)x(OH)7(Cl,OH)1-2x (x<0.5) |
| 12.1.6 | Brenkite | Ca2(CO3)F2 |
| 12.1.7 | Stenonite | (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(CO3)F5 |
| 12.1.9 | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F |
| 12.1.10 | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F |
| 12.1.11 | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 |
| 12.1.12 | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 |
| 12.1.13 | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
| 12.1.14 | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F |
| 12.1.15 | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F |
| 12.1.16 | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 |
| 12.1.17 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F |
| 12.1.19 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F |
| 12.1.20 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F |
| 12.1.21 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 |
| 12.1.22 | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O |
| 12.1.23 | Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 |
| 12.1.24 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O |
| 12.1.25 | Albrechtschraufite | Ca4Mg(UO2)2(CO3)6F2 · 17-18H2O |
| 12.1.26 | Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF |
Other Names for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Name in Other Languages:
French:Basicérine
Cérium hydrofluaté
Cérium hydrofluaté
German:Basisches Fluorcerium
Bastnäsit-(Ce)
Buszit
Hamartit
Hemartit
Hydrofluocerit
Kischtimit
Kischtim-Parisit
Kyshtymoparisit
Bastnäsit-(Ce)
Buszit
Hamartit
Hemartit
Hydrofluocerit
Kischtimit
Kischtim-Parisit
Kyshtymoparisit
Russian:Бастнезит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:氟碳铈矿
Traditional Chinese:氟碳鈰礦
Other Information
Other Information:
Soluble in strong, hot acids.
May be found as pseudomorphs after Fluocerite or Tscheffkinite.
May be found as pseudomorphs after Fluocerite or Tscheffkinite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
REE ore
References for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Berzelius (1818) Afhandlingar I Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, Stockholm: 5: 64 (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium).
Berzelius, J .J. (1825): Flusspatssyradt och kolsyradt cerium. Årsberättelser om Vetenskapernas Framsteg. Afgivne af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Embetsman 31 Mars 1824: 201-202 (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium).
Beudant, F.S. (1832), Traité élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 520 (as Basicérine).
Hisinger, W. (1838): Analyser af några svenska mineralier. 2.Basiskt Fluor-Cerium från Bastnäs. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 1838, 187-1891(as Basiskfluor-cerium).
Huot, J.J. (1841) Manuel de Minéralogie. 2 volumes, Paris: 1: 296.
Dufrénoy, A. (1845) Traité de minéralogie, 1st. Edition Vol. 1 (1844); Vol. 2: 382 (as Cérium hydrofluaté).
Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition, vol. 2, in two parts: 1447 (as Fluocerine).
Karavayev (1861) Bulletin of the Academy Imp. Science of St. Petersburg: 4: 401 (as Kischtim-Parisit).
Karavayev (1862) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 85: 442.
Brush (1863) American Journal of Science: 35: 427 (as Kischtimite).
Phillips (1867): 267 (as Sub-fluate of cerium).
Nordenskiöld (1868) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar, Öfv: 25: 39 (as Hamartite).
Hillebrand (1899) American Journal of Science: 7: 51.
Koechlin (1912) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 31: 525.
Lacroix (1912) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 35: 108.
Geijer (1920) Sver. Geol. Undersök., Årsbok: 14, no. 6.
Lacroix, A. (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Paris. 3 volumes: 1: 297.
Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3418.
Silberminz (1929) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., series A, 55.
Oftedal (1931) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 12: 459.
Oftedal (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 462.
Fleischer in: Glass and Smalley (1945) American Mineralogist: 30: 601.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 289-291.
Hsu, L. C. (1992): Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce, La)-F-H-C-O. Mineralogy and Petrology 47, 81-101.
Yunxiang, Ni, John M. Hughes, and Anthony N. Mariano (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 51.
Berzelius, J .J. (1825): Flusspatssyradt och kolsyradt cerium. Årsberättelser om Vetenskapernas Framsteg. Afgivne af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Embetsman 31 Mars 1824: 201-202 (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium).
Beudant, F.S. (1832), Traité élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 520 (as Basicérine).
Hisinger, W. (1838): Analyser af några svenska mineralier. 2.Basiskt Fluor-Cerium från Bastnäs. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 1838, 187-1891(as Basiskfluor-cerium).
Huot, J.J. (1841) Manuel de Minéralogie. 2 volumes, Paris: 1: 296.
Dufrénoy, A. (1845) Traité de minéralogie, 1st. Edition Vol. 1 (1844); Vol. 2: 382 (as Cérium hydrofluaté).
Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition, vol. 2, in two parts: 1447 (as Fluocerine).
Karavayev (1861) Bulletin of the Academy Imp. Science of St. Petersburg: 4: 401 (as Kischtim-Parisit).
Karavayev (1862) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 85: 442.
Brush (1863) American Journal of Science: 35: 427 (as Kischtimite).
Phillips (1867): 267 (as Sub-fluate of cerium).
Nordenskiöld (1868) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar, Öfv: 25: 39 (as Hamartite).
Hillebrand (1899) American Journal of Science: 7: 51.
Koechlin (1912) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 31: 525.
Lacroix (1912) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 35: 108.
Geijer (1920) Sver. Geol. Undersök., Årsbok: 14, no. 6.
Lacroix, A. (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Paris. 3 volumes: 1: 297.
Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3418.
Silberminz (1929) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., series A, 55.
Oftedal (1931) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 12: 459.
Oftedal (1931) Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 462.
Fleischer in: Glass and Smalley (1945) American Mineralogist: 30: 601.
Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 289-291.
Hsu, L. C. (1992): Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce, La)-F-H-C-O. Mineralogy and Petrology 47, 81-101.
Yunxiang, Ni, John M. Hughes, and Anthony N. Mariano (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 51.
Internet Links for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-560.html
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
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