Bastnäsite-(Ce)
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About Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(CO3)F
Colour:
Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Hardness:
4 - 4½
Specific Gravity:
4.9 - 5.2
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Member of:
Name:
For the type locality at the Bastnäs mines, Riddarhyttan, Skinnskatteberg, Västmanland, Sweden, plus the "-(Ce)" suffix due to the dominance of cerium in the composition.
Cerium analogue of Bastnäsite-(La) and Bastnäsite-(Y); fluorine analogue of Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). Bastnäsite-(Ce)-Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) Series.
The most common member of the bastnäsite group.
Compare UM1998-04-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-05-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-06-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-07-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-08-CO:CaCeF, and UM1998-09-CO:CaCeF.
The most common member of the bastnäsite group.
Compare UM1998-04-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-05-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-06-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-07-CO:CaCeF, UM1998-08-CO:CaCeF, and UM1998-09-CO:CaCeF.
Classification of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
5/C.07-30
5.BD.20a
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H2O
D : With rare earth elements (REE)
16a.1.1.1
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
16a : ANHYDROUS CARBONATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)(XO3)Zq
12.1.8
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
12 : Carbonates with other anions
1 : Carbonates with halides
Physical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Vitreous, Greasy, Pearly
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Comment:
Pearly on basal partings
Colour:
Yellow, reddish-brown; colourless to light yellow in transmitted light
Hardness:
4 - 4½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Poor/Indistinct
On {1010}.
On {1010}.
Parting:
On {0001} distinct to perfect of secondary origin).
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.9 - 5.2 g/cm3 (Measured) 5.12 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Type:
Uniaxial (+)
RI values:
nω = 1.717 - 1.722 nε = 1.818 - 1.823
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.101

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Very High
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Faintly pleochroic with absorption E is greater than O.
Chemical Properties of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Formula:
Ce(CO3)F
Elements listed:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
1 | |
---|---|
Ce2O3 | 39.95 % |
Other oxydes of REE | 30.55 % |
F | 7.80 % |
CaO | 0.85 % |
CO2 | 19.20 % |
Total: | 98.35 % |
Sample references:
ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Andakatany Deposit, Andakatany, Manandriana, Amoron'i Mania, Madagascar | Behier, J. (1959): Travaux mineralogiques. In Besaire, H. (ed): Rapport Annuel du Service Geologique pour 1959. Republique Madagascar, Tananarive: 237-250 [p. 240] | Wet chemical analysis by P. Ruf |
Crystallography of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Hexagonal
Class (H-M):
6 m2 - Ditrigonal Dipyramidal
Space Group:
P6c2
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.118(1) Å, c = 9.762(1) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 1.371
Unit Cell V:
428.34 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
6
Morphology:
Crystals tabular {0001}, usually with {1010} alone. Crystals normally deeply grooved horizontally due to oscillatory combination of {1011} and {1010}. Large anhedral masses; granular.
Epitaxial Relationships of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Epitaxial Minerals:
Epitaxy Comments:
Bastnäsite forms oriented overgrowths and alteration pseudomorphs after fluocerite. Crystal axes of both species oriented in parallel position.
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Image Loading
Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.90 Å | (35) |
3.56 Å | (71) |
2.88 Å | (100) |
2.06 Å | (50) |
2.01 Å | (35) |
1.892 Å | (50) |
1.675 Å | (24) |
Geological Environment
Geological Setting:
Most abundant REE mineral. Hydrothermal and primary igneous. Granitic and alkali syenites and pegmatites, carbonatites, contact metamorphic deposits, rarely in detrital deposits.
Type Occurrence of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Swedish Museum of Natural History 23:0476
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Narrow bands in a contact metamorphic amphibole skarn.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Other Language Names for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
French:Basicérine
Cérium hydrofluaté
Cérium hydrofluaté
German:Basisches Fluorcerium
Bastnäsit-(Ce)
Buszit
Hamartit
Hemartit
Hydrofluocerit
Kischtimit
Kischtim-Parisit
Kyshtymoparisit
Bastnäsit-(Ce)
Buszit
Hamartit
Hemartit
Hydrofluocerit
Kischtimit
Kischtim-Parisit
Kyshtymoparisit
Russian:Бастнезит-(Ce)
Simplified Chinese:氟碳铈矿
Traditional Chinese:氟碳鈰礦
Relationship of Bastnäsite-(Ce) to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F | Hex. |
Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
23 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
22 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
21 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Allanite-(Ce) | {CaCe}{Al2Fe2+}(Si2O7)(SiO4)O(OH) |
14 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Fluorite | CaF2 |
14 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Aegirine | NaFe3+Si2O6 |
14 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F |
13 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
12 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Microcline | K(AlSi3O8) |
11 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Fluocerite-(Ce) | (Ce,La)F3 |
9 photos of Bastnäsite-(Ce) associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
Related Minerals - Nickel-Strunz Grouping
5.BD.05 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F | Hex. |
5.BD.05 | Lukechangite-(Ce) | Na3Ce2(CO3)4F | Hex. 6mm : P63mc |
5.BD.10 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F | Trig. |
5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
5.BD.10 | Kukharenkoite-(La) | Ba2(La,Ce,Th)(CO3)3F | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
5.BD.15 | Cebaite-(Nd) | Ba3(Nd,Ce)2(CO3)5F2 | Mon. |
5.BD.18 | Arisite-(Ce) | NaCe2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F | Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2 |
5.BD.18 | Arisite-(La) | NaLa2(CO3)2[F2x(CO3)1-x]F | Hex. 6 m2 : P6m2 |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F | Hex. |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce) | Ce(CO3)(OH) | Hex. 6 : P6 |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)(OH) | Hex. |
5.BD.20a | Hydroxylbastnäsite-(La) | (La,Nd,Ce)(CO3)(OH,F) | Hex. |
5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 | Mon. m : Bb |
5.BD.20b | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 | |
5.BD.20d | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F | Orth. |
5.BD.20c | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
5.BD.20a | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
5.BD.20a | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
5.BD.25 | Horváthite-(Y) | NaY(CO3)F2 | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pmmn |
5.BD.25 | Qaqarssukite-(Ce) | Ba(Ce,REE)(CO3)2F | Trig. 3 : P3 |
5.BD.35 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
Related Minerals - Dana Grouping (8th Ed.)
16a.1.1.2 | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F | Hex. |
16a.1.1.3 | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
16a.1.1.4 | Bastnäsite-(Nd) | Nd(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
Related Minerals - Hey's Chemical Index of Minerals Grouping
12.1.1 | Northupite | Na3Mg(CO3)2Cl | Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3 |
12.1.2 | Barentsite | Na7Al(HCO3)2(CO3)2F4 | Tric. |
12.1.3 | Rouvilleite | Na3(Ca,Mn,Fe)2(CO3)3F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
12.1.4 | Chlormagaluminite | Mg4Al2(OH)12Cl2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6/mmm (6/m 2/m 2/m) : P63/mcm |
12.1.5 | Defernite | Ca6(CO3)2-x(SiO4)x(OH)7(Cl,OH)1-2x (x | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma |
12.1.6 | Brenkite | Ca2(CO3)F2 | Orth. |
12.1.7 | Stenonite | (Sr,Ba,Na)2Al(CO3)F5 | Mon. 2/m |
12.1.9 | Bastnäsite-(La) | La(CO3)F | Hex. |
12.1.10 | Bastnäsite-(Y) | Y(CO3)F | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
12.1.11 | Parisite-(Ce) | CaCe2(CO3)3F2 | Mon. m : Bb |
12.1.12 | Parisite-(Nd) | Ca(Nd,Ce,La)2(CO3)3F2 | |
12.1.13 | Synchysite-(Ce) | CaCe(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
12.1.14 | Synchysite-(Y) | CaY(CO3)2F | Mon. 2/m : B2/b |
12.1.15 | Synchysite-(Nd) | CaNd(CO3)2F | Orth. |
12.1.16 | Röntgenite-(Ce) | Ca2(Ce,La)3(CO3)5F3 | Trig. 3 : R3 |
12.1.17 | Cordylite-(Ce) | NaBaCe2(CO3)4F | Hex. |
12.1.19 | Huanghoite-(Ce) | BaCe(CO3)2F | Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : R3m |
12.1.20 | Zhonghuacerite-(Ce) | Ba2Ce(CO3)3F | Trig. |
12.1.21 | Cebaite-(Ce) | Ba3Ce2(CO3)5F2 | Mon. 2/m : B2/m |
12.1.22 | Thorbastnäsite | ThCa(CO3)2F2 · 3H2O | Hex. 6 m2 : P62c |
12.1.23 | Phosgenite | Pb2CO3Cl2 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/mbm |
12.1.24 | Barstowite | Pb4Cl6(CO3) · H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
12.1.25 | Albrechtschraufite | Ca4Mg(UO2)2(CO3)6F2 · 17-18H2O | Tric. 1 : P1 |
12.1.26 | Kettnerite | CaBiCO3OF | Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) |
Other Information
Notes:
Soluble in strong, hot acids.
May be found as pseudomorphs after Fluocerite or Tscheffkinite.
May be found as pseudomorphs after Fluocerite or Tscheffkinite.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Industrial Uses:
REE ore
References for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Sort by Year (asc) | by Year (desc) | by Author (A-Z) | by Author (Z-A)
Berzelius, J.J. (1818) Afhandlingar I Fysik, Kemi och Mineralogi, Stockholm: 5: 64. (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium)
Berzelius, J.J. (1825) Flusspatssyradt och kolsyradt cerium. Årsberättelser om Vetenskapernas Framsteg. Afgivne af Kongl. Vetenskaps-Academiens Embetsman: 31 Mars 1824: 201-202. (as Basisk flussspatssyradt Cerium)
Beudant, F.S. (1832) Traité élémentaire de Minéralogie, second edition, 2 volumes: 2: 520. (as Basicérine)
Hisinger, W. (1838) Analyser af några svenska mineralier. 2.Basiskt Fluor-Cerium från Bastnäs. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar: 1838: 187-1891.(as Basiskfluor-cerium)
Huot, J.J.N. (1841) Genre. Lanthane. 2 Espèce, Bastnaesite. in Manuels-Roret. Nouveau Manuel Complet de Minéralogie, Première Partie, (Paris): 296-296.
Dufrénoy, A. (1845) Traité de minéralogie, 1st. Edition Vol. 1 (1844); Vol. 2: 382 (as Cérium hydrofluaté).
Hausmann, J.F.L. (1847) Handbuch der Mineralogie 3 volumes, Göttingen. Second edition, vol. 2, in two parts: 1447 (as Fluocerine).
Karavayev (1861) Bulletin of the Academy Imp. Science of St. Petersburg: 4: 401 (as Kischtim-Parisit).
Karavayev (1862) Journal für praktische Chemie, Leipzig: 85: 442.
Brush, G.J. (1863) Kischtimite, a new mineral. American Journal of Science: 35: 427-428. (as Kischtimite)
Phillips (1867): 267 (as Sub-fluate of cerium).
Nordenskiöld (1868) Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, Stockholm, Handlingar, Öfv: 25: 39. (as Hamartite)
Hillebrand, W.F. (1899) Mineralogical Notes: Analyses of Tysonite, Bastnasite, Prosopite, Jeffersonite, Covellite, etc. The American Journal of Science: 7: 51-57.
Koechlin (1912) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 31: 525.
Lacroix (1912) Bulletin de la Société française de Minéralogie: 35: 108.
Geijer (1920) Sver. Geol. Undersök., Årsbok: 14, no. 6.
Lacroix, A. (1922) Minéralogie de Madagascar, Paris. 3 volumes: 1: 297.
Hintze, Carl (1929) Handbuch der Mineralogie. Berlin and Leipzig. 6 volumes: 1 [3A]: 3418.
Silberminz (1929) Comptes rendus de l’académie des sciences de l’U.R.S.S., series A, 55.
Oftedal, I. (1931) Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo: 12: 459.
Oftedal, I. (1931) Zur kristallstruktur von bastnäsit (Ce,La--)FCO3. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, Mineralogie und Petrographie, Leipzig: 78: 462-469.
Glass, J.J., Smalley, R.G. (1945) Bastnäsite. American Mineralogist: 30(9-10): 601-615.
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C. (1951) The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, 7th edition, revised and enlarged: 289-291.
Donnay, G., Donnay, J.D.H. (1953) The crystallography of bastnaesite, parisite, roentgenite, and synchisite. American Mineralogist: 38: 932-963.
Hsu, L.C. (1992) Synthesis and stability of bastnaesites in a part of the system (Ce, La)-F-H-C-O. Mineralogy and Petrology: 47: 81-101.
Yunxiang, N., Hughes, J.M., Mariano, A.N. (1993) The atomic arrangement of bastnäsite-(Ce), Ce(CO3)F, and structural elements of synchysite-(Ce), röntgenite-(Ce), and parisite-(Ce). American Mineralogist: 78: 415-418.
Anthony, J.W., Bideaux, R.A., Bladh, K.W., and Nichols, M.C. (2003) Handbook of Mineralogy, Volume V. Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates. Mineral Data Publishing, Tucson, AZ, 813pp.: 51.
Frost, R.L., Dickfos, M.J. (2007) Raman spectroscopy of halogen-containing carbonates. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy: 38: 1516-1522.
Burke, E.A.J. (2008) Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacritical marks. The Mineralogical Record: 39: 131-135.
Turner, D.J., Rivard, B., Groat, L.A. (2014) Visible and short-wave infrared reflectance spectroscopy of REE fluorocarbonates. American Mineralogist: 99: 1335-1346.
Ciobanu, C., Kontonikas-Charos, A., Slattery, A., Cook, N.J., Wade, B., Ehrig, K. (2017) Short-range stacking disorder in mixed-layer compounds: A HAADF STEM study of bastnäsite-parisite intergrowths. Minerals: 7: 227.
Internet Links for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-560.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
Localities for Bastnäsite-(Ce)
Locality List




All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Angola | |
| Amores-Casals, S.; Gonçalves, A.O.; Melgarejo, J.-C.; Molist, J.M. (2020) Nb and REE Distribution in the Monte Verde Carbonatite–Alkaline–Agpaitic Complex (Angola). Minerals 10, 5. |
| ZHENG, L., GU, X., & ZHANG, Y. (2014). Pyrochlore Chemistry from the Bonga Carbonatite-type Nb Deposit, Huila Province, Angola: Implications for Magmatic-Hydrothermal Processes of Carbonatite. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 40, 205-226. |
Argentina | |
| Colombo, F., Lira, R., Simmons, W., & Falster, A. (2011). The NYF-type miarolitic-rare earth elements pegmatites of the El Portezuelo granite, Papachacra (Catamarca, NW Argentina). Asoc. Geol. Arg., Serie D, Publicación Especial, 14, 57-59. |
| Urbina Nilda, E., et al. "METALLOGENY OF THE SIERRAS PAMPEANAS OF SAN LUIS, ARGENTINA." |
Lira, R., Viñas, N.A., Ripley, E.M. y Barbieri, M. (1999). El yacimiento de tierras raras, torio y uranio Rodeo de Los Molles, San Luis. En: Recursos Minerales de la República Argentina (Ed. E.O. Zappettini). Instituto de Geología y Recursos Minerales. SEGEMAR, Anales 35: 987-997. | |
Australia | |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| Birch, W.D., van der Heydon, A. (1997) Minerals of the Kintore and Block 14 open cuts at Broken Hill, New South Wales. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 3(1), 23-74. |
| Vera Munro-Smith (2006) Cobalt Mineralisation in Selected Australian Deposits. PhD thesis, University of Western Sydney. |
| LUDWIG K.R. et al. Geochronology of Precambrian granites and associated U-Ti-Th mineralization, north. Olary Prov., SA. Contr. Mineral. Petr.,1984, 86, p. 298-308 |
| Australian Journal of Mineralogy. Vol 9. No. 1. 2003. pg47 |
| Lottermoser, B. G. (1995): Rare earth element mineralogy of the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, Roxby Downs, South Australia; implications for ore genesis. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1995, 371-384.; Econ Geol. (1992) 87:1-28; Roberts, D.E., Hudson, G.R.T., and Li, Z. (1984): Geology and Prospecting 20(7), 32-37, 51; Schmandt, D., Cook, N.J., Ciobanu, C., Ehrig, K., Wade, B., Gilbert, S., and Kamenetsky, V. (2017): Rare earth element fluorocarbonate minerals from the Olympic Dam Cu-U-Au-Ag deposit, South Australia. Minerals 7, 202. |
Ciobanu, C., Kontonikas-Charos, A., Slattery, A., Cook, N.J., Wade, B., Ehrig, K. (2017) Short-range stacking disorder in mixed-layer compounds: A HAADF STEM study of bastnäsite-parisite intergrowths. Minerals, 7, 227. | |
| Bottrill, R., Latham, M., Sorrell, S., Olubas, P. (2020) The Mount Lyell mines, Tasmania. Australian Journal of Mineralogy, 21(2), 13-31. |
| Ogilvie, A. L. (2014). Textural and LA-ICP-MS trace element chemistry analysis of pyrite and chalcopyrite from Telfer Au-Cu deposit, WA: implications for a multi-source ore system (Honors thesis). |
| Bermanec V, Jacobson M I, Soufek M, Cobic A, Tomasic N (2014) Allanite-(Ce) alterations in the Mukinbudin Feldspar Quarries pegmatite, Mukinbudin, Western Australia. 21 st meeting of the International Mineralogical Association. p 264 |
Austria | |
| Walter, F. & Bojar, H.-P. (2015): 1918) Bastnäsit-(Ce) aus dem Riekengraben, Reißeckgruppe. Pp. 220-221 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280. |
| EDS-analysed by Dr. F. Bernhard, Graz 2007; U. Kolitsch (XRD-analysis, 2009); to be published in joint article |
Kolitsch, U., Auer, C., Schachinger, T., Slama, M. (2018): 2093) Aeschynit-(Y), Allanit-(Ce), Ankerit, Ankylith-(Ce), Bastnäsit-(Ce), Cassiterit, Cubanit, Fergusonit-(Y) (?), Hingganit-(Y), Ilmenit, Rutil, Synchisit-(Y), Synchisit-(Ce), Thorit, Xenotim-(Y) und Zirkon vom niederösterreichischen Anteil des Semmering-Basistunnels, Niederösterreich. Pp. 231-236 in Walter, F. et al. (2018): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXVII. Carinthia II, 208./128., 185-254. | |
| Steiner&Melcher (2020): 2163) Gediegen Bismut, Bismuthinit, Ichnusait /Nuragheit, Sztrókayit und Wulfenit aus der Reichenspitzgruppe, Salzburg / Tirol. Pp. 247-248 in Walter, F. et al. (2018): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIX. Carinthia II, 210./130., 153-218. |
| Auer, C. (2020): 2187) Ankerit, Bastnäsit-(Ce), Se-hältiger Bismuthinit, Clausthalit, Coffinit(?), Galenit, ged.Arsen, Gersdorffit, Glaukodot(?), Greenockit, Löllingit, Magnetit, Monazit-(Ce), Sphalerit, Stibnit(?), Tennantit-(Fe), ein Glied aus der Reihe Aikinit-Bismuthinit und Xenotim-(Y) vom Steinbachgraben ("Knappenkeusche") bei Steinhaus am Semmering, Steiermark. In: Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIX, Carinthia II, vol. 210./130., p.153-218, Klagenfurt. |
| Kolitsch, U. (2013): 1795) Bastnäsit(?)-(Ce), Chamosit, Chrysokoll, SEE-haltiger Epidot, Fluorit, Schwefel und andere Mineralien vom alten Bergbau am Fellimännle, Rindertal (Gaflunatal) im Montafon, Vorarlberg. P. 107 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2013): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXI. Carinthia II, 203./123., 91-146. |
Belarus | |
| E.P. Shpanov, G.N. Netschelyustov, S.V. Baturin, L.S. Solntseva (1989) Byelorussite-(CelNaMnBarTi,- Si8Or6(F,OH).HrO-A new mineral of the joaquinite group. Zapiski Vses. Mineralog. Obshch., I l8(5), 100- 107 (in Russian). |
Belgium | |
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Czech Republic | |
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Finland | |
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France | |
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Germany | |
| No reference listed |
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Greece | |
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Greenland | |
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Hungary | |
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India | |
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Italy | |
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Japan | |
| European J. Mineralogy 20, 261-209(2008) |
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Kazakhstan | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov analytical data (2012) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| |
Kyrgyzstan | |
| no reference |
Madagascar | |
| Simmons, W. B. (2003): Investigation of oxide minerals from an old collection of Madagascar minerals. (Contributed Papers in Specimen Mineralogy). Rocks & Minerals, nr 2, 2003 |
| Estrade, G., et al. (2014): REE and HFSE mineralization in peralkaline granites of the Ambohimirahavavy alkaline complex, Ampasindava peninsula, Madagascar. Journal of African Earth Sciences. 94: 141–155 |
| Wolfgang Hampel (2011), fieldwork/studies |
Malawi | |
| Ngwenya, B. T. (1994): Hydrothermal rare earth mineralisation in carbonatites of the Tundulu complex, Malawi: processes at the fluid/rock interface. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 58, 2061-2072. |
| American Mineralogist, Volume 94, pages 1216–1222, 2009; Guastoni, A., Kondo, D. & Nestola, F. (2010): Bastnäsite-(Ce) and Parisite-(Ce) from Mt. Malosa, Malawi. Gems & Gemology 46, 42-46. ; Guastoni, A., & Pezzotta, F. (2007). REE-mineral phases replacing helvite, niobian-rutile, bastnäsite-(Ce) from alkaline pegmatites of Mount Malosa, Zomba District, Malawi. Granitic Pegmatites: the State of the Art. Memorias, 8, 42-43. |
Dowman, E., Wall, F., Treloar, P. J., Rankin, A. H., & Corkhill, C. (2017). Rare-earth mobility as a result of multiple phases of fluid activity in fenite around the Chilwa Island Carbonatite, Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 81(6), 1367-1395. | |
Mauritania | |
| Taylor, C.D. and Giles, S. A. (2012): Potentiel minéral pour des dépôts d’éléments incompatibles au sein des pegmatites, de roches alcalines et de carbonatites sur le territoire de la République Islamique de la Mauritanie.- Second Projet de Renforcement Institutionnel du Secteur Minier de la République Islamique de la Mauritanie (PRISM-II), Phase V ; Livrable 87, USGS, 45 pages. |
Mongolia | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| G.M. Tsareva data; Econ Geol (1995) 90:530-547; Kovalenko, V. I., Yarmolyuk, V. V., Sal nikova, E. B., Kartashov, P. M., Kovach, V. P., Kozakov, I. K., ... & Yakovleva, S. Z. (2004). The Khaldzan-Buregtei Massif of peralkaline rare-metal igneous rocks: structure, geochronology, and geodynamic setting in the Caledonides of Western Mongolia. Petrology c/c of Petrologiia, 12(5), 412-436.; Sarangua, N., (2019) Rare Metal Mineralization of the Khaldzan Burgedei Peralkaline Complex, Western Mongolia . PhD thesis Akita University 236p |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| N.V. Vladykin data |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data; U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2004-1252; Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 335; Sanematsu, K., Kon, Y., Hirano, H., & Watanabe, Y. (2010, November). Mineralogy and Geochemistry of the Mushgai Khudag REE Deposit, Mongolia. In 2010 GSA Denver Annual Meeting. |
Morocco | |
| Benaouda, R., Kraemer, D., Sitnikova, M., Goldmann, S., Schwarz-Schampera, U., Errami, A., Mouttaqi, A., Bau, M. (2020): Discovery of high-grade REE-Nb-Fe mineralization associated with calciocarbonatite in south Morocco. Ore Geology Reviews, 109, (in press); http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=16432 |
Namibia | |
| JAHN, St.; SCHNAITMANN, E.A.; NIEDERMAYR, G. (2010): Spektakuläre Neufunde aus dem Erongo (IV). - MINERALIEN-Welt (5), 60-66. |
| Cairncross, B. (2005) Famous Mineral Localities: Klein Spitzkoppe, Namibia. Mineralogical Record 36(4) 317-335 |
| von Knorring, O., Petersen, O. V. Karup-Moeller, S., Leonardsen, E. S. and Condliffe, E. (1992): Tuperssuatsiaite, from Aris phonolite, Windhoek, Namibia. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie Monatsh., 1992, 145-152; Uwe Kolitsch (powder X-ray diffraction + SEM-EDS); [http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/aris.htm]; Blaß, G., Kolitsch, U., Tremmel, G., Esche, J. (2016): Neue Mineralienfunde aus den Phonolithbrüchen von Aris in Namibia. Mineralien-Welt 27 (4), 48-60 (in German); Kolitsch, U., Blaß, G., Jahn, S., Cámara, F., von Bezing, L., Wartha, R. R., Tremmel, G., Sturla, M., Cerea, P., Skebo, M. and Ciriotti, M. E. (2016): Aris - mineralogy of the famous alkaline phonolite. AMI - Associazione Micromineralogica Italiana, Cremona, Italy, 95 pp.; Blaß, G., Kruijen, F., Tremmel, G. (2020): Neue Minerale und interessante Mineralfunde aus den Phonolith-Steinbrüchen in Aris, Namibia. Mineralien-Welt, 31 (3), 36-48 (in German). |
| Bodeving, S. (2015): Petrogenesis of the Lofdal Intrusive Suite: Implications for rare earth elements mineralization. Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 202 p. |
| Dunn, P.J. (1991), Rare minerals of the Kombat Mine, Mineralogical Record: 22(6): 421-425. |
Nigeria | |
| Styles, M.T., Young, E.R. (1983) Fluocerite and its alteration products from the Afa Hills, Nigeria. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 41-46. |
North Korea | |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
Norway | |
| |
Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelanditsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. M.Sc. Thesis, Universitet i Oslo, 216 pp. | |
| Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.17. Cerianite from cleavelandite pegmatite dykes in Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43,247-255äsite-(Ce) |
Pedersen, R.(ed) (2007): Iveland V: Gruvedrift. Iveland Bygdesogenemd. p 342; Frigstad, O.F. (1968): En undersøkelse av cleavelandittsonerte pegmatittganger i Iveland-Evje, Nedre Setesdal. Hovedfagsoppgave (Thesis), University of Oslo. | |
| Revheim, O. (2004): Gadolinitt-(Y) og andre mineraler fra Slobrekka. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 43-50 |
Hansen, G. H.(2001): Mineralene i Evje - Iveland. Published by Froland Mineral Center. 1-88 pp ( p. 19) | |
| Neumann, H. & Bergstøl, S. (1963): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway No.17. Cerianite from cleavelandite pegmatite dykes in Iveland. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 43,247-255 + Neumann (1985, p. 99). |
| Sverdrup,T.L.,Bryn, K.Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr.(1959): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway. Geologisk Tidsskrift 39,237-247 |
| Husdal, T., Müller, A. Olerud, S, & Thorsen, Ø. (2017) Pegmatites of the Tysfjord-Hamarøy area, northern Norway. in Müller et. al. (2017) Norwegian pegmatites ! Tysfjord-Hamarøy, Evje-Iveland, Langesundsfjord. Geological society of Norway Geological Guides 6-2017: 3-47. |
| Sverdrup,T. L.,Bryn, K.Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr. (1959) Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 39: 237-247 + Neumann (1985, p. 99). |
Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 38: 5-28 | |
D. Harries collection, analysed | |
| Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. |
Husdal, T. (2008): The minerals of the pegmatites within the Tysfjord granite, northern Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum, skrift 38, 5-28. | |
| Sverdrup, T. L. (1968): Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway No. 37. Yttrofluorite-yttrocerite-cerfluorite in norwegian pegmatites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 48: 245-252 Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges Geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p 99. |
Husdal, T. (2011): Tysfjordgranittens pegmatitter. Stein. 38 (4): 4-35 | |
| Tomas Husdal ; Ellingsen, H.V., Haugen, A., Raade, G., Eldjarn, K. & Berg, H.-J., (1995): Sjeldne mineraler i en amazonittpegmatitt ved Tennvatn i Nordland. Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skriftserie 9, 35-37 |
| Pršek, J., Majka, J., Uher, P. & Chudík, P. (2010): Niobium-tantalum minerals in the Skoddefjellet NYF granitic pegmatite, Svalbard Archipelago, Norway: Primary versus secondary assemblage. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 187, 235-248 |
| Raade et al(1993): Kuliokite-(Y) and its alteration products kainosite-(Y) and kamphaugite-(Y) from granite pegmatite in Tørdal, Norway, European Journal of Mineralogy: 5: 691-698. |
| Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1989. |
| Andersen, F. (2017): Pegmatittganger og mineraler på Hoftøya og Langøya ved Færder i Ytre Vestfold. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2017: 69-75 |
| Hermann Fylling |
| Larsen, A. O., Kolitsch, U. & Dahlgren, S. (2020) A reconnaissance study of the crystal chemistry of tourmalines from the Meso-Proterozoic Telemark area, Norway. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2020: 78-99 |
| Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1992. |
Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1992. | |
| Peter Andresen collection & observation in field sept 2003 |
Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1989. | |
Andersen, F. (1993): Hedrum pukkverk i Lågendalen. STEIN 20 (4), 236-238 | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen photo & observation 2012 |
| Brøgger, W.C. (1890): Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit-und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie und Mineralogie 16. 663 pp [pp. 650-654]; Sverdrup, T. L.,Bryn, K. Ø. & Sæbø, P.Chr.(1959): Contributions to the mineralogy of Norway. No. 2. Bastnäsite, a new mineral for Norway. Geologisk Tidsskrift 39, 237-247; Sæbö (1963); Neumann (1985, pp. 99 and 100). |
| Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1), 15-71; Larsen, A.O., Kolitsch, U., Gault, R.A. & Giester, G. (2010): Eirikite a new mineral species of the leifite group from the Langesundsfjord district, Norway. European Journal of Mineralogy. 22, 875–880 |
| Svein A. Berge collection |
Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1996): Die Mineralien des Langesundsfjords und des umgebenden Larvikit-Gebietes, Oslo-Region, Norwegen. Mineralien-Welt 7(4), 21-100 | |
| Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 |
| Andresen, P., Friis, H., Kjærnet, T. & Larsen, A.O. (2018): The minerals of the Jahren pegmatite, one of the major pegmatites in the Larvik Plutonic Complex. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2018: 5-22. |
Svein A. Berge collection (found in 1989) | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field 20-09-2017 |
| Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-2002 |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Larsen, K.E. & Stensvold, B.K.(2015): Berylliummineraler og andre sjeldne mineraler i syenittpegmatitter i Skallist larvikittbrudd, Tjølling, Larvik, Vestfold. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2015, 47-56 | |
| Pers.com Knut Edv. Larsen 2008; Berge, S. A. (1991): Ula månesteinsforekomst, Tjølling, Larvik, Vestfold. Unpublished guide. Mai 1991 |
| Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71; Kolitsch, U., Andresen, P., Husdal, T. A., Ertl, A., Haugen, A., Ellingsen, H. V. and Larsen, A. O. (2013): Tourmaline-group minerals from Norway, part II: Occurrences of luinaite-(OH) in Tvedalen, Larvik and Porsgrunn, and fluor-liddicoatite, fluor-elbaite and fluor-schorl at Ågskardet, Nordland. Norsk Bergverksmuseet Skrift 50, 23-41. |
Svein A. Berge observation 1990 | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p | |
Larsen, A. O. (ed.) (2010): The Langesundsfjord. History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh, Salzhemmendorf, Germany, 240 p | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Nordrum, F. S. (2007): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2006-2007. STEIN 34 (2), 14-26; Andresen, P., Friis, H. og Larsen, Al. O. (2020) Pegmatitt med sølv, sølvmineraler og eksepsjonelle hambergittmasser fra en syenittpegmatittgang i larvikittbruddet AS Granit, Tvedalen, Larvik, Vestfold og Telemark. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2020: 68-77. | |
Svein A. Berge collection/observation 2006. | |
Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1993. | |
Svein A. Berge collection 1981; Engvoldsen,T., Andersen, F., Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1):15-71 | |
| Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 |
Larsen, A.O., Åsheim, A. and Gault, R. A. (2005): Minerals of the eudialyte group from the Sagåsen larvikite quarry, Porsgrunn, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter 30: 58-62 | |
| Larsen, A.O. & Åsheim, A.(1976): Mineraler fra Langangen. NAGS-nytt 3 (1),9-12. |
| Svein A. Berge collection/observation 2000. |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
| Segalstad, T. V. & Larsen, A. O. (1978): Chevkinite and perrierite from the Oslo region, Norway. American Mineralogist 63, 499-505 |
| Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59 |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
| Larsen, K. E. & Kolitsch, U. (2012): An unique mineral suite in a syenite pegmatite at Virikkollen, Sandefjord, Larvik Plutonic Complex, Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 49, 35-44 |
Berge, S. A. & Hansen, R. (1975): Mineraler fra Sandefjord. NAGS-nytt : 3 (1): 10-12; Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 99; Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
| Engvoldsen, T., Andersen, F., Berge, S. A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18 (1),15-71 |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-4307) | |
| Berge, S. A. & Larsen, A. O. (1980): Mineraler fra Sandefjordsområdet-IV. Granater. NAGS-nytt 7 (2): 21-24 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field july 2013 |
| Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1991. |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection and observation july 2019 | |
Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Bergverksmuseets Skrift 20, 50-59 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection and observation 1978 | |
Svein A. Berge & Ragnar Hansen collection/observation 1975. | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen observation in field aug. 2012 |
Svein A. Berge collection & observation 1989; Knut Edvard Larsen observation on material collected july 2013 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 235 | |
| Svein A. Berge collection/observation 1993. |
| Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift. 20, 50-59 |
| Berge, S. A. & Andersen, F. (2002): Mineralforekomster i Sandefjordområdet. Norsk Bergverksmuseums Skrift. 20, 50-59 |
| Knut Edvard Larsen observation on collected material july 2012 |
Berge, S.A., Larsen, K.E. & Andersen, F. (2011): Buer, Vesterøya, Sandefjord- en typelokalitet for et nytt mineral. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 46: 49-56 | |
Larsen, K.E. & Nordrum, F.S. (2013): Noen funn av mineraler i Norge 2012-2013. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 50, 111-117 | |
Nordrum, F.S. (2005): Nyfunn av mineraler i Norge 2004-2005. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift. 30: 117-124 | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71; Berge, S. A. (2013):Mineralene i Husebyyåsen feltspatbrudd, Vesterøya, Sandefjord. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrifter. 50, 93-99 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-889) | |
Berge, S. A. & Larsen, A. O. (1980): Mineraler fra Sandefjordsområdet-IV. Granater. NAGS-nytt 7 (2): 21-24 | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection (MM-263,MM-1559) | |
Engvoldsen,T.,Andersen, F.,Berge, S.A. & Burvald, I. (1991): Pegmatittmineraler fra Larvik ringkompleks. STEIN 18(1),15-71 | |
Knut Edvard larsen collection (MM-805) | |
Knut Edvard Larsen collection | |
Berge, S.A. & Hansen, R. (1976): Mineraler i Sandefjordsområdet III-Varden. NAGS-nytt 3 (4), 13-16 (in norwegian); Neumann, H. (1985): Norges Mineraler. Norges geologiske Undersøkelse Skrifter 68, p. 99 | |
Raade, G & Larsen, A. O. (1980): Polylithionite from syenite pegmatite at Vøra, Sandefjord, Oslo Region, Norway. Contributions to the Mineralogy of Norway, no 65. Norsk Geologisk Tidskrift 60, 117-124 | |
| Berget, P. K. (2006): Pegmatittmineraler i Berdalen, Luster. Stein, 33 (3): 32-33 |
| Stensrud, S. (2004): Mineralfunn i ny sikkerhetstunnel i Vardåsen og langs ny gangvei langs Heggedalsveien i Asker i 2002-2003. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift 28: 76-102 |
| |
Raade, G. & Haug, J.(1982): Gjerdingen. Fundstelle seltener Mineralien in Norwegen. LAPIS 7, 9-15 | |
Ronald Werner pers. commentary oct. 2005 | |
| Kvamsdal, L.O. (1993): Noen mineraler fra nordmarkitten mellom Roa og Maura. STEIN 20 (1), 30-45 |
| L. O. Kvamsdal (1998): Mineralene fra Nordmarkitt og Grefsensyenitt i Oslofeltet. AS Merkur-Trykk, Oslo(in Norwegian), p. 25. |
Pakistan | |
| The Mineralogical Record, Volume 35 Number 3, p. 212; http://www.mindat.org/forum.php?read,7,396901,397225#msg-397225 |
Poland | |
| Mineralogia Polonica Vol. 29, (2), 3-11 |
| Körber, T. & Szuszkiewicz, A. (2005): Fundstellen-Klassiker: Der Striegauer Granit und seine Mineralien - Mineralien-Welt 16 (3): 16-45 |
Janeczek J., Szełęg E., 1998: Bastnäsite-(Ce) and Synchysite-(Ce) from Pegmatite and Hydrothermally Altered Granite of the Strzegom-Sobótka Massif. Miner. Polon., Vol. 29, No 2 | |
Portugal | |
| Samples collected by Luigi Chiappino and analysed by Dr. Anthony Kampf, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, USA; Lavarde, S., Chiappino, L., Alves, P., Astolfi, M., (2019) Les Minéraux du massif volcanique du Fogo, Ile de São Miguel, Açores, Portugal. Le Règne Mineral, 145, 30-50 |
Romania | |
| Pál Molnár, E. (2000): Hornblendites and diorites of the Ditró syenite massif. University of Szeged, Szeged Hungary, 172 p.; Hirtopanu, P. (2006). One hundred minerals for one hundred years (dedicated to the Centennial of the Geological Institute of Romania). In 3rd Conference on Mineral Sciences in the Carpathians, Miskolc Hungary. Acta Mineralogica–Petrographica, Abstract series (Vol. 5, p. 86). |
Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. | |
| Szakáll, S. & Kristály, F., Eds. (2010): Mineralogy of Székelyland, Eastern Transylvania, Romania. Csík County Nature and Conservation Society, Miercurea-Ciuc, Romania, 321 pp. |
Russia | |
| Pavel m. kartashov data |
| Kasatkin, A. V., Zubkova, N. V., Pekov, I. V., Chukanov, N. V., Škoda, R., Polekhovsky, Y. S., ... & Pushcharovsky, D. Y. The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part I. New gatelite-group minerals ferriperbøeite-(La),(CaLa 3)(Fe 3+ Al 2 Fe 2+)[Si 2 O 7][SiO 4] 3 O (OH) 2, and perbøeite-(La),(CaLa 3)(Al 3 Fe 2+)[Si 2 O 7][SiO 4] 3 O (OH) 2. Mineralogical Magazine, 1-35. |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| A.V. Kasatkin, R. Škoda, F. Nestola, A.M. Kuznetsov, E.V. Belogub, A.A. Agakhanov (2019): RÖENTGENITE-(CE) [sic] AND OTHER REE FLUORCARBONATES FROM VEIN no. 35, VISHNEVYE MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN URALS. Mineralogy 5, 10-22 (in Russian). |
http://webmineral.ru/deposits/item.php?id=841 | |
| Savel'eva V.B. Karmanov N.S. (2008) Rare earth's minerals of alkaline metasomatites of Main Sayan Fault zone, - Zapiski RMO, N2, pp.14-35 (in Rus.).; Savel’eva, V.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2008): Geology of Ore Deposits 50(8), 681-696. |
| Mills, S. J., Kartashov, P. M., Kampf, A. R., Konev, A. A., Koneva, A. A., & Raudsepp, M. (2012). Cordylite-(La), A New Mineral Species In Fenite From The Biraya Fe–Ree Deposit, Irkutsk, Russia. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50(5), 1281-1290. |
| Barkov, A.Y., Shvedov, G.I., Polonyankin, A.A., Martin, R.F. (2016): New and unusual Pd-Tl-bearing mineralization in the Anomal'nyi deposit, Kondyor concentrically zoned complex, northern Khabarovskiy kray, Russia. Mineralogical Magazine: 80: (in press); http://forum.amiminerals.it/viewtopic.php?f=5&t=12836 (2016) |
| I.I. Kupriyanova Mineralogy of Chergilen rare earth deposit,- Moscow,1962, p.211, PhD dissertation. |
| Prokopyev, I.; Starikova, A.; Doroshkevich, A.; Nugumanova, Y.; Potapov, V. (2020) Petrogenesis of Ultramafic Lamprophyres from the Terina Complex (Chadobets Upland, Russia): Mineralogy and Melt Inclusion Composition. Minerals 10, 419. |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/khib.htm |
Zaitsev, A.N., Wall, F., Le Bas, M.J. (1998): REE-Sr-Ba minerals from the Khibina carbonatites, Kola peninsula, Russia: their mineralogy, paragenesis and evolution. Mineralogical Magazine, 62, 225-250; Yakovenchuk, V.N., Ivanyuk, G.Yu., Pakhomovsky, Ya.A., Men'shikov, Yu.P. (2005): Khibiny. Laplandia Minerals Ltd. (in association with the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland), Apatity, 468 pp. | |
www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/lovo.htm | |
| Voloshin A.V., Pakhomovskii Ya.A. [Волошин А. В., Пахомовский Я. А.] (1986): Minerals and evolution of mineral formation in amazonite pegmatites of the Kola Peninsula [Минералы и эволюция минералообразования в амазонитовых пегматитах Кольского полуострова]. Nauka, Leningrad, 168 pp. (in Russian); Pekov I.V. (1998): Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow, 369 pp. |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-5097 |
| Semenov E.I. (1972) Mineralogy of Lovozero alkaline massif, - Moscow, Nauka, p. 308 (in Rus.) |
| Kozlov, E.; Fomina, E.; Sidorov, M.; Shilovskikh, V.; Bocharov, V.; Chernyavsky, A.; Huber, M. (2020) The Petyayan-Vara Carbonatite-Hosted Rare Earth Deposit (Vuoriyarvi, NW Russia): Mineralogy and Geochemistry. Minerals 10, 73.; Prokopyev, I.; Kozlov, E.; Fomina, E.; Doroshkevich, A.; Dyomkin, M. (2020) Mineralogy and Fluid Regime of Formation of the REE-Late-Stage Hydrothermal Mineralization of Petyayan-Vara Carbonatites (Vuoriyarvi, Kola Region, NW Russia). Minerals 10, 405. |
| Putintseva, E. V., & Spiridonov, E. M. (2017). Allanite-(Ce): a Typical Mineral of Metakimberlite from the Lake Kimozero Area, Karelia. Geology of Ore Deposits, 59(8), 720-728. |
[World of Stones 12:49] | |
New Data on Minerals (2004): 39: 50-64 | |
Pavel M. Kartashov data | |
| Doroshkevich, A. G., Veksler, I. V., Izbrodin, I. A., Ripp, G. S., Khromova, E. A., Posokhov, V. F., ... & Vladykin, N. V. (2016). Stable isotope composition of minerals in the Belaya Zima plutonic complex, Russia: Implications for the sources of the parental magma and metasomatizing fluids. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 116, 81-96. |
| Kapustin Yu.L. (1989) Cerite and ternebohmite from fenites of alkaline massifs of Tuva, - Zapiski VMO, 118(4), p. 47-56 (in Rus.) |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data |
| Mironov A.G. and Gofman A.F, (1979) Barian betafite in pegmatites of Transbaikalien, - Minerals and Minerals Paragenesisa of Rocks and Ores, Leningrad, Nauka, p.127-132 (in Russian). |
| Bulnaev, K.B., and Karmanov, N.S. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(7), 614-618. |
Victor V. Sharygin analytycal data (2012) | |
Slovakia | |
| Ondrejka M., Uher P., Pršek J., Ozdín D., Putiš M., 2005: Arsenian monazite-Ce and REE arsenates and carbonates: Composition and substitution in the REEPO4 – REEAsO4 system. Example from Tisovec – Rejkovo thyolite (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol.7, 04857. |
| Števko M., Sejkora J., Dolníček Z. (2020) Hydrotermálny bastnäsit-(Ce) zo štôlne Elisabeth pri Gemerskej Polome (Slovenská republika). Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie, 28(1): 1-8 (in Slovak with English abstract). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342378840_Hydrothermal_bastnasite-Ce_from_the_Elisabeth_adit_near_Gemerska_Poloma_Slovak_Republic |
| Uher P., Malachovský P., Ondrejka M., Pršek J. (2010): Zr-REE-Nb mineralization in metatrachydacites of the Rakovec group (Gemeric Superunit, Western Carpathians, Slovakia): A product of interaction between host-rock and F-, CO2-rich fluids. Z. geol. Wiss., Berlin, 38, 2-3, 167-179. |
South Africa | |
| Giebel, R.J., Gauert, C.D.K., Marks, M.A.W., Costin, G., and Markl, G. (2017) Multi-stage formation of REE minerals in the Palabora Carbonatite Complex, South Africa. American Mineralogist, 102, 1218-1233. |
| Atanasova, M., Cairncross, B. and Windisch, W.R. (2016) Microminerals of the Bushveld Complex, South Africa. Popular Geoscience Series 6, Council for Geoscience, Pretoria, South Africa, 110 pg |
| Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pg 187; |
Cairncross, B. and Dixon, R., (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa.. The Geological Society of South Africa: pg 187; | |
| Robert O. Meyer collection; Dr. Hans Börner collection; collected by Dr. Hans Börner; Windisch, W. R., (1999), South African Micromount Society, Locality data sheet. |
VERWOERD, W.J. (1986) Mineral deposits associated with carbonatites and alkaline rocks. In: Mineral deposits of Southern Africa. Vol. II. 2173-2191. Edited by: Annhaeusser and Maske. Geological Society of South Africa. | |
Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Cairncross, B., Dixon, R. (1995) Minerals of South Africa. Geological Society of South Africa, PO Box 44283, Linden 2104, South Africa. | |
South Korea | |
| P.M. Kartashov analytical data (2002) |
Spain | |
| Ковальчук, Н. С., & Шумилова, Т. Г. (2014). Редкоземельная и циРконий-ниобиевая минеРализация в алмазсодеРжащих каРбонатитах о. ФуэРтевентуРа (испания). Вестник института геологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения РАН, (10 (238)). |
| Tanago, J. G., Lozano, P. L., Larios, A. , La Iglesia, A. (2012) Stokesite crystals from La Cabrera, Madrid, Spain. Mineralogical Record 43:499-508 |
| Calvo, M., Viñals, J. and Vila, F. (2009) Mineralogy of the pegmatites and miarolitic cavities in the granitic batholit of Porriño, Pontevedra, galicia, Spain. Mineral Up, (2009-1), 6-23 |
Sweden | |
| Kjell Gatedal collection |
| Holtstam, D., Andersson, U.B. (2007): The REE minerals of the Bastnäs-type deposits, South-Central Sweden. Canadian Mineralogist. 45, 1073-1114 |
| Jonsson, Erik; Högdahl, Karin; Sahlström, Fredrik; Majka, Jarek (2014) BIF-hosted REE silicate mineralisation at Högfors, Bergslagen, Sweden. 31st Nordic Geological Meeting, Lund Sweden. |
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Holtstam, D., Andersson, U.B. (2007): The REE minerals of the Bastnäs-type deposits, South-Central Sweden. Canadian Mineralogist. 45, 1073-1114 | |
Holtstam, D., Bindi, L., Hålenius, U., Kolitsch, U., Mansfeld, J. (2017) Ulfanderssonite-(Ce), a new Cl-bearing REE silicate mineral species from the Malmkärra mine, Norberg, Sweden. European Journal of Mineralogy: 29: 1015-1026. | |
| Mikael Janssons private collection; Peacor, D. R. & Dunn, P. J.: (1988): Dollaseite-(Ce) (magnesium orthite redefined): Structure refinement and implications for F + M2+ substitutions in epidote-group minerals. American Mineralogist. 73: 838- 842; Jansson, M. Förekomster med ceriummineral i stråket Möklinta, Norberg, Riddarhyttan och Nora. |
| Holtstam, D., Andersson, U.B. (2007): The REE minerals of the Bastnäs-type deposits, South-Central Sweden. Canadian Mineralogist. 45, 1073-1114 |
| Hisinger, W. (1838): Analyser af några svenska mineralier. 2.Basiskt Fluor-Cerium från Bastnäs. Kongl. Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar 1838, 187-1891 ; Geijer, p. (1920): The cerium minerals of Bastnäs at Riddarhyttan. Sveriges Geologiska Undersökning, Serie C, 304: 1-24 ; Holtstam, D., Bindi, L., Hålenius, U., & Andersson, U. B. (2017). Delhuyarite-(Ce)–Ce 4 Mg (Fe 3+ 2 W)□(Si 2 O 7) 2 O 6 (OH) 2–a new mineral of the chevkinite group, from the Nya Bastnäs Fe–Cu–REE deposit, Sweden. European Journal of Mineralogy, ejm2635_pap_gsw. |
Holtstam, D., Bindi, L., Hålenius, U., & Andersson, U. B. (2017). Delhuyarite-(Ce)–Ce 4 Mg (Fe 3+ 2 W)□(Si 2 O 7) 2 O 6 (OH) 2–a new mineral of the chevkinite group, from the Nya Bastnäs Fe–Cu–REE deposit, Sweden. European Journal of Mineralogy. DOI: 10.1127/ejm/2017/0029-2635 | |
Switzerland | |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S. and Stuker, P. (1998): "Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz", Wepf (Basel), p. 393. |
| See references at locality description - cuchet et al. 2014, Schweizer Strahler. I am co-author - M. Crumbach |
| Stalder, H. A., Wagner, A., Graeser, S., and Stuker, P. (1998) Mineralienlexikon der Schweiz. Verlag Wepf & Co. AG, Basel, page 393. |
Tajikistan | |
| Leonid A. Pautov data |
UK | |
| |
Ukraine | |
| Pekov I.V., Belovitskaja Ju.V., Kartashov P.M. e.a. New data on perraultite (Priazovie), - ZVMO, 1999, 3, pp.112-120 |
| P.M. Kartashov data |
| Pavel M. Kartashov data; Lyckberg, P., Chornousenko, V. & Wilson, W. E. (2009): Volodarsk-Volynski, Zhitomir Oblast, Ukraine. Mineralogical Record, 40, 473-506. |
P.M. Kartashov data | |
USA | |
| S.L. Hanson, T.A. Brown, A.U. Falster, and W.B. Simmons (2011) "Allanite-(Nd)": a new mineral from the Kingman Feldspar Mine in the Mojave pegmatite district, northwestern Arizona. The 38th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 14-17 2011, program notes, pp 20-22. |
| http://www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens/magcov.htm |
Art Smith, 2005 Minerals of Magnet Cove (unpublished manuscript) | |
| |
| Anonymous (1950), Rare earth deposits found in California: California Division of Mines, Mineral Information Service: 3(1): 1; Anonymous (1950), New products: Mineral Notes & News No. 158: 1-18; Olson, Jerry Chipman & William N. Sharp (1951), Geologic setting of the Mountain Pass bastnaesite deposits, San Bernardino County, California: abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1467; Pray, Lloyd Charles & William N. Sharp (1951), Bastnaesite discovered near Mountain Pass, California: (abstract): Geological Society of America Bulletin: 62: 1519; Olson, Jerry Chipman, Shawe, D.R., Pray, L.C., Sharpe, W.N., and Hewlett, D.F. (1954), Geology of the rare-earth deposits of the Mountain Pass district, San Bernardino County California, USGS 261 pp.: 34, 38; Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & Harry Rose, Jr. (1956), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 41: 665; Glass, Jewell Jeannette, H.T. Evans, Jr., M.K. Carron & F.A. Hildebrand (1958), Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino County, California: American Mineralogist: 43: 460-480; Pemberton, H. Earl (1983), Minerals of California; Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 222; Haxel, G. (2005) Ultrapotassic rocks, carbonatite and rare earth element deposit, Mountain Pass, southern California. In: Geology and Mineral Resources of the Mojava National Preserve, southern California. USGS Bulletin 2160. |
[Clark, 1993 - "Hey's Mineral Index", p62] | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
| Goddard, E.N. and Glass, J.J. (1940): Deposits of radioactive cerite near Jamestown, Colorado. American Mineralogist. 25,381-404 |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 14, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 | |
Müller, M. M., Kleebe, H.-J., Lauterbach, S. and Zito, G. (2011): Crystallographic orientation relationship between bastnaesite, fluocerite and cerianite observed in a crystal from the pikes peak pegmatites. Z. Kristallogr. 226 (2011) 467-475. | |
| Minerals of Colorado (1997) Eckel, E. B. |
"Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 16, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 | |
| "Minerals of Colorado, updated & revised", p. 17, by Eckel, Edwin B., 1997 |
| Jim Hall |
Minerals of Colorado (1997) E.B. Eckel | |
| Rocks & Minerals: 63: 457. |
| Weber, Marcelle H. and Earle C. Sullivan. (1995): CONNECTICUT MINERAL LOCALITY INDEX. Rocks & Minerals (Connecticut Issue), Volume 70, No. 6, p. 403.; Schooner, Richard. (1958): The Mineralogy of the Portland-East Hampton-Middletown-Haddam Area in Connecticut (With a few notes on Glastonbury and Marlborough).; Schooner, Richard. (1961): THE MINERALOGY OF CONNECTICUT. |
| Rocks & Min. 70:246; R&M 70:4 pp 242-263; R&M 70:4 pp 242-263; R&M 70:4 pp 242-263 |
| Buchholz, T.W., A.U. Falster & W.B. Simmons (2014), Accessory Mineralogy of an Evolved Dickinson County, Michigan, Pegmatite, a presentation before the 41st. Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, April 25, 2014. |
| Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson | |
| Mineralogy of Michigan (2004) Heinrich & Robinson |
| Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015) Elevated REE in Ore Minerals of the Pryor Mountain Mining District, South Central Montana. 2015 Mining and Mineral Symposium, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology pp47-49. |
Anita Moore-Nall and David R. Lageson (2015) Elevated REE in Ore Minerals of the Pryor Mountain Mining District, South Central Montana. 2015 Mining and Mineral Symposium, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology pp47-49. | |
| www.koeln.netsurf.de/~w.steffens |
Chakhmouradian A.R. & Mitchell R.H. (1999) Primary, agpaitic and deuteric stages in the evolution of Accessory Sr, REE, Ba and Nb-mineralization in nepheline-syenite pegmatites at Pegmatite Peak, Bearpaw Mts., Montana, Mineral. Petrol., 67: 85-110. | |
| www.cseg.ca/conferences/2000/376.PDF. |
| NBMG Spec. Pub. 31 Minerals of Nevada |
| Rocks & Minerals 80:4 pp242-261; Rocks & Min. July-Aug 2005 |
Rocks&Min. 67:158-168 | |
Rocks and Minerals, (1990) 65:286-296 | |
| Herndon, Jonathan & Eric S. Greene (2018) Thirty-Three Years of Mineral Collecting at Folsom Gulch, Center Ossipee, Carroll County, New Hampshire, Rocks & Minerals, 93 (2):158-163. |
| Rocks & Minerals Vol.65 No.4; Rocks & Minerals (2005) 80:242-261 New Hampshire Mineral Locality Index |
| Van King |
| R. C. Smith, The mineralogy of Pennsylvania, 1966-1975 |
| Am. Min. 41 pp76-81 |
| Rocks and Minerals, 66:6, p. 454; American Mineralogist, V.73, p.1191-1194 |
| Buchholz, T.W., Falster, A.U., and Simmons, WmB. (2007) 34th Rochester Mineralogical Symposium, Contributed Papers. |
Buchholz, T., A. Falster & W. Simmons (2019) A rediscovered pegmatite in the Stettin Complex, Wausau Syenite Complex, Marathon County, Wisconsin: Rocks & Minerals: 94((2): 184-185. | |
| Rocks & Minerals 79:6 pp409-411 |
Vietnam | |
| Feldman l.G., Sarkisyan S.Sh., Boriskin V.P., Purusova S.P., Nguen Van Hoai, Chin Suan Ben (1987) Crystalline beckelite from Nam Se deposit (Northern Vietnam), - Mineralogicheskiy Zhurnal, v.9, N1, pp. 78-86 (in Rus.) |
Zambia | |
| Zambezi, P., Voncken, J.H.L., Hale, M., and Touret, J.L.R. (1997): Mineralogy and Petrology 59, 239-250. |
The Moon | |
| Mokhov A.V., Kartashov P.M. analytical data |
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Zagi Mountain, Hameed Abad Kafoor Dheri, Peshawar District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan