Blödite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Blödite

Salt mine, Hallstatt, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria

Blödite

Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA

Blödite

Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA

Blödite

Salt mine, Hallstatt, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria

Blödite

Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA

Blödite

Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA

Blödite

Salt mine, Hallstatt, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria

Blödite

Soda Lake, Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA

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About BlöditeHide

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Formula:

Na₂Mg(SO₄)₂ · 4H₂O

May contain some K replacing Na.

Colour:

Colourless, bluish-green, reddish; colourless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

2½ - 3

Specific Gravity:

2.218 - 2.24

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Blödite Group

Name:

Named in honor of Carl (Karl) August Blöde (14 August 1773, Freiberg Saxony, Germany - 28 August 1820) German Privy Financial Councilor, chemist and author. The variant spelling bloedite was rejected by the IMA in 1960.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Ischler Salzberg, Perneck, Bad Ischl, Gmunden District, Upper Austria, Austria

Lower-hydrate counterpart of konyaite.

Compare UM2008-50-SO:HMgNa and uklonskovite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

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Mindat ID:

695

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:695:8

GUID
(UUID V4):

8f43c227-a440-4c27-b3d2-35735d04f988

Classification of BlöditeHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of BlöditeHide

Optical Data of BlöditeHide

Type:

Biaxial (-)

RI values:

n_α = 1.483 n_β = 1.486 n_γ = 1.487

2V:

Measured: 71° , Calculated: 58°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.004

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Moderate

Dispersion:

relatively strong

Chemical Properties of BlöditeHide

Crystallography of BlöditeHide

Crystallographic forms of BlöditeHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Blödite no.1 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Blödite no.4 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

3d models and HTML5 code kindly provided by www.smorf.nl.

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X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

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Radiation - Copper Kα

Data Set: Soda Lake, San Luis Obispo County, California, USA 1508

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.252 Å	(100)
4.555 Å	(95)
3.289 Å	(95)
2.971 Å	(40)
2.732 Å	(40)
4.281 Å	(30)
2.025 Å	(30)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of BlöditeHide

Synonyms of BlöditeHide

Other Language Names for BlöditeHide

Varieties of BlöditeHide

Relationship of Blödite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for BlöditeHide

References for BlöditeHide

Reference List:

Year ⬇Author Title Publisher

John, J.F. (1821) Chemische Zerlegung eines neuen fossilen Salzes, des Blödits. in Chemische Untersuchungen mineralischer, vegetabilischer und animalischer Substanzen, Maurerschen Buchhandlung (Berlin): 240-247.

John, J.F. (1821) Chemische Zerlegung eines neuen fossilen Salzes, des Blödits. in Chemische Untersuchungen mineralischer, vegetabilischer und animalischer Substanzen, Maurerschen Buchhandlung (Berlin): 240-247.

Rose, G. (1837) Reise nach dem Ural, dem Altai, und dem kaspischen Meere, Volume 2 (1842). Berlin: 2: 270 (as Astrakanit).

Tschermak (1869) Konigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna, Ber.: 60(1): 718 (as Simonyit).

Quenstedt, Fr. Aug. (1877) Handbuch der Mineralogie, third edition: 645 (as Warthit).

Schulze, H. (1889) Mineralogisches aus Tarapacá. Verhandlungen des Deutschen Wissenschaftlichen Vereines zu Santiago: 2: 49-60.

Koechlin, R. (1900) Ueber Simonyit- und Glauberitkrystalle von Hallstatt. Ann. Naturhist. Hofmuseum, Vienna: 15: 103.

Koechlin, R. (1902) Mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, Vienna: 21: 356 (as Natronkalisimonyit).

Goldschmidt, V. (1913) Atlas der Krystallformen. 9 volumes, atlas, and text, vol. 1: 207.

Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1913) Immense bloedite crystals: Washington Academy of Science Journal: 3: 75-76.

Laszkiewicz (1929) Arch. Min. Soc. Warsaw: 5: 79.

Schaller, Waldemar T. (1932) The refractive indices of bloedite. American Mineralogist, 17 (11). 530-533

Lauro, C. (1940) Ricerche roentgenografiche sulla bloedite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma: 11: 89-94.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.447-450

Rumanova, I.M., Malitskaya, G.I. (1959) Revision of the structure of astrakhanite by weighted phase projection methods. European Journal of Mineralogy: 4: 481-495.

International Mineralogical Association (1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names. Mineralogical Magazine: 33: 260-263.

Eady, A.F. (1966) Bloedite-Kristalle von Soda Lake, San Luis Obispo County, Kalifornien, Aufschluss: 17: 268-269;…(abstract) Min. Abst. (1967): 18(2): 145.

Lauro C., Di Sabatino B. (1970) Contributo alla conoscenza dei solfati sodico- magnesiaci naturali; nota I: il comportamento della bloedite alle analisi diffrattometrica e termica. Periodico di mineralogia – Roma: 279-314.

International Mineralogical Association (1982) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on new minerals and mineral names. Mineralogical Magazine: 46: 513-514.

Hawthorne, F.C. (1985) Refinement of the crystal structure of bloedite: structural similarities in the [VIM(IVTΦ4)2Φn] finite-cluster minerals. The Canadian Mineralogist: 23: 669-674.

Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. American Mineralogist, 92 (1). 1-18 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2170

Comodi P, Nazzareni S, Balić-Žunić T, Zucchini A, Hanfland M (2014) The high-pressure behavior of bloedite: A synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. American Mineralogist: 99: 511-518.

Balić-Žunić, T., Birkedal, R., Katerinopoulou, A., Comodi, P. (2016) Dehydration of blödite, Na₂Mg(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₄, and leonite, K₂Mg(SO₄)₂(H₂O)₄. European Journal of Mineralogy: 28(1): 33-42

Localities for BlöditeHide

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This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

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- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.

Antarctica
Eastern Antarctica Victoria Land McMurdo Dry Valleys Taylor Valley ⓘ Lake Bonney	Hodenberg, R.V., Miotke, F.-D. (1983): Some special salt crystal formations in South-Victoria-Land, Antarctica, and first results of the investigation of a new mineral, a Na-Ca double sulfate. Kali u. Steinsalz, Bd. 8: 11: 374-383 (in German) Dunn, Pete J., Gobel, Volker, Grice, Joel D., Puziewicz, Jacek, Shigley, James E., Vanko, David A., Zilczer, Janet (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (3-4) 436-441 p.439
Olympus Range ⓘ Mt. Electra	Hodenberg, R.V., Miotke, F.-D. (1983): Some special salt crystal formations in South-Victoria-Land, Antarctica, and first results of the investigation of a new mineral, a Na-Ca double sulfate. Kali u. Steinsalz, Bd. 8: 11: 374-383 (in German) Dunn, Pete J., Gobel, Volker, Grice, Joel D., Puziewicz, Jacek, Shigley, James E., Vanko, David A., Zilczer, Janet (1985) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 70 (3-4) 436-441 p.439
Western Antarctica Thiel Mts. ⓘ Hart Hills	Vennum, W. (1986) Unusual magnesium- and iron-bearing salts from West Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the U.S., 21(5), 55-57.
Argentina
Mendoza Province Malargüe Department Malargüe District ⓘ Cueva del Tigre	Benedetto, C., Forti, P., Galli, E., & Rossi, A. (1998). Chemical deposits in volcanic caves of Argentina. International Journal of Speleology, 27(1), 16.
Asia
ⓘ Aral Sea	Crétaux, J. F., Létolle, R., & Calmant, S. (2009). Investigations on Aral Sea regressions from Mirabilite deposits and remote sensing. Aquatic geochemistry, 15(1-2), 277-291.
Australia
Queensland City of Mount Isa Mount Isa Mount Isa Mines ⓘ Enterprise Mine (Deep Copper Mine)	Costas Constantinides collection, Australian museum id (Ian Graham)
Western Australia Wiluna Shire ⓘ Mount Keith	Wilson, S.A., Harrison, A.L., Dipple, G.M., Power, I.M., Barker, S.L.L., Ulrich, M.K., Fallon, S.J., Raudsepp, M., Southam, G. (2014) Offsetting of CO2 emissions by air capture in mine tailings at the Mount Keith Nickel Mine, Western Australia: Rates, controls and prospects for carbon neutral mining. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 25 121-140
ⓘ Mount Keith Open Pit	Mills, S. J., Wilson, S. A., Dipple, G. M. & Raudsepp, M. (2010) The decomposition of konyaite: importance in CO₂ fixation in mine tailings. Mineralogical Magazine Vol.74(5) pp.903–917.
Austria
Salzburg Hallein District Abtenau ⓘ Thörlhof	Strasser, Albert (1989) Die Minerale Salzburgs. Albert Strasser, Salzburg.
Webing ⓘ Haagen mine	Strasser, Albert (1989) Die Minerale Salzburgs. Albert Strasser, Salzburg.
ⓘ Haagen quarry	Strasser, Albert (1989) Die Minerale Salzburgs. Albert Strasser, Salzburg.
Hallein ⓘ Hallein - Bad Dürrnberg salt mine	Strasser, Albert (1989) Die Minerale Salzburgs. Albert Strasser, Salzburg.
Scheffau am Tennengebirge Grubach Moosegg ⓘ Gypsum mine	Strasser, Albert (1989) Die Minerale Salzburgs. Albert Strasser, Salzburg.
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Absam Hall valley ⓘ Salt mine	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Spötl (1989) R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993)
Upper Austria Gmunden District Bad Ischl Perneck ⓘ Ischler Salzberg (TL)	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Canadian Mineralogist (1985): 23: 669.
Hallstatt ⓘ Salt mine	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. R. Exel: Die Mineralien und Erzlagerstätten Österreichs (1993) Schorn, A., Neubauer, F., Bernroider, M. (2013): Polyhalite microfabrics in an Alpine evaporite mélange: Hallstatt, Eastern Alps. Journal of Structural Geology 46, 57-75.
Canada
ⓘ Alberta	Kohut, C. K., & Dudas, M. J. (1993). Evaporite mineralogy and trace-element content of salt-affected soils in Alberta. Canadian journal of soil science, 73(4), 399-409.
British Columbia Clinton Mining Division Clinton ⓘ Clinton Lake epsomite deposit	Renaut, R. W., Stead, D., & Owen, R. B. (1994). The saline lakes of the Fraser Plateau, British Columbia, Canada. Global Geological Record of Lake Basins, 1, 419-423.
Kamloops Mining Division Ashcroft Venables Valley ⓘ Basque claims (Basque No. 1)	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
ⓘ Basque No. 2 evaporite occurrence	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description) personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
ⓘ Basque No. 3 evaporite occurrence	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield ( see comments in description)
ⓘ Basque No. 4 evaporite occurrence	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
ⓘ Polygon Pond evaporite occurrence	personal correspondence with Giles Peatfield (see comments in description)
Osoyoos Mining Division Osoyoos ⓘ Lake Khiluk (Spotted Lake)	Woodside collection
Northwest Territories Fort Norman ⓘ Golden Deposit	Can Min vol 25 pp 221-226 (1987)
Nova Scotia Cape Breton Co. ⓘ Sydney coalfield	Zodrow, E.L. (1989) Summary report of secondary sulphate minerals, Sydney Coalfield, Nova Scotia, Canada. Nova Scotia Department of Mines & Energy, Report 89-3, Mines & Minerals Branch Report of Activities, Part A: 141-143.
Saskatchewan ⓘ Ceylon Lake	Last, W. M. (1990). Paleochemistry and paleohydrology of Ceylon Lake, a salt-dominated playa basin in the northern Great Plains, Canada. Journal of Paleolimnology, 4(3), 219-238.
ⓘ North lngebright Lake	Shang, Y. (2000). Mineralogy, lithostratigraphy and geochemistry of North Ingebright Lake, Saskatchewan, Canada. PhD thesis University of Manitoba.
ⓘ Waldsea Lake	Greengrass, K., Last, W. M., Deleqiat, J., & Suklmn, S. (1999). Waldsea lake Revisited: Another look at the Recent History of One of Western Canada's Best-studied Meromictic lakes.
Cape Verde
Sotavento Islands Fogo Island ⓘ Mount Fogo	Silva, T. P., De Oliveira, D. P., Veiga, J. P., Ávila, P., Candeias, C., Salas-Colera, E., & Caldeira, R. (2019). Mineralogy and chemistry of incrustations resulting from the 2014–2015 eruption of Fogo volcano, Cape Verde. Bulletin of Volcanology, 81(4), 1-17.
Chile
Antofagasta Antofagasta Province Antofagasta La Negra ⓘ Minera Escondida tailings pond	e-rocks.com (2022) https://e-rocks.com/blogs/1/chilean-blues-update-find-coronel-manuel-rodriguez-mine
Mejillones Mejillones peninsula ⓘ Coronel Manuel Rodríguez mine	www.mindat.org (n.d.) https://www.mindat.org/mesg-105-464001.html e-rocks.com (2022) https://e-rocks.com/blogs/1/chilean-blues-update-find-coronel-manuel-rodriguez-mine
Sierra Gorda ⓘ La Vendida Mine	samples analysed by Gerhard Mohn and Joy Desor
El Loa Province Calama Chuquicamata District ⓘ Chuquicamata Mine	Palache, C., Warren, C.H. (1908) Kröhnkite, natrochalcite (a new mineral), and other sulphates from Chile. American Journal Of Science, S. 4 Vol. 26. 342-348 Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Ericksen, G.E., Mrose, M.E. (1970) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile. II. Darapskite, Na3(NO3)(SO4)·H2O. American Mineralogist: 55: 1500-1517.
San Pedro de Atacama Cordillera de la Sal ⓘ Cressi Cave system	De Waele, J., Carbone, C., Sanna, L., Vattano, M., Galli, E., & Forti, P. (2017). Secondary minerals from halite caves in the Atacama Desert (Chile). In 17th International Congress of Speleology (No. I, pp. 242-246). Australian Speleological Federation Inc.
ⓘ Lastarria Volcanic Complex	Aguilera, F., Layana, S., Rodríguez-Díaz, A., González, C., Cortés, J., & Inostroza, M. (2016). Alteración hidrotermal, depósitos fumarólicos y fluidos del Complejo Volcánico Lastarria: Un estudio multidsciplinario. Andean geology, 43(2), 166-196.
Tocopilla Province María Elena Oficina María Elena ⓘ Maria Elena Mine	Collao, S., Arce, E., & Andía, A. (2002). Mineralogia, Quimica E Inclusiones Fluidas En Los Depositos DE Nitratos DE Maria Elena, IIa. Region, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad Chilena de Química, 47(2), 181-190.
Pedro de Valdivia ⓘ Pedro de Valdivia Mine	Marta, V. E. G. A., & Pueyo, J. (1996) Parental Brine Evolution in the Chilean Nitrate Deposits (Pedro de Valdivia, II Region de Antofagasta). Mineralogical and Petrographic Data. Third ISAG, S1 Malo (France), 17-19/9/1996 Pueyo, J. J., Chong, G. & Vega, M. (1998): Mineralogy and parental brine evolution in the Pedro de Valdivia nitrate deposit, Antofagasta, Chile. Revista Geologica de Chile 25, 3-15. (in Spanish)
Tarapacá Iquique Province Salar Grande ⓘ Torrecillas mine	Wet Chemical by Gerhard Möhn, SEM-EDS by Stefan Diller
Tamarugal Province Oficina Victoria ⓘ Alianza Mine (Rajo No. 13)	VI, Hectorfloresite, Na9(IO3(SO4)4, a new saline mineral. American Mineralogist: 74(9-10): 1207-1214. Ericksen, G.E., Evans, H.T., Mrose, M.E., Mcgee, J.J., Marinenko, J.W., Konnert, J.A. (1989) Mineralogical studies of the nitrate deposits of Chile
China
Inner Mongolia Alxa League (Alashan Prefecture) Alxa Left Banner (Alashan Zuoqi) ⓘ Tengger Desert (Tenggeli Desert; Tengger Shamo)	Zhenmin Liu, Boyun Li, Guoqing Liu, and Shaokang Xu (2007): Geology of Chemical Minerals 29(4), 193-201
Qinghai Hainan ⓘ Qinghai Lake (Lake Koko Nor)	Sun Da-peng, Li Bing-xiao, Ma Yua-hua, and Lin Qun-zhu (2002): Journal of Salt Lake Research 10(4), 1-12.
Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Da Qaidam (Dachaidan Co.) ⓘ Da Qaidam salt lake (Dachaidan salt lake)	Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10 Zheng, M. P., Qi, W., & Yuan, H. R. (2005). Characteristics of salt lake boron deposits and magnesium borate deposits of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. In Mineral Deposit Research: Meeting the Global Challenge (pp. 1123-1125). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
ⓘ Mahai lake	Mianping Zheng (1997): An Introduction to Saline Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht, NL), 319 pp.
Mangnai City (Mangya Co.) ⓘ Chahansilatu lake	Xiyu Zheng (1994): Journal of Lake Sciences 6(3), 267-275
ⓘ Dalangtan lake	Mianping Zheng (1997): An Introduction to Saline Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht, NL), 319 pp.
ⓘ Gasikule salt lake	Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
Lenghu Co. ⓘ Kunteyi salt lake	Mianping Zheng (1997): An Introduction to Saline Lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht, NL), 319 pp.
ⓘ West Taijinar salt lake (Xitaijinai'er salt lake)	Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes website
ⓘ Yiliping salt lake	Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
ⓘ Youdunzi salt deposit	Shaoxiu Yang (1991): Journal of Lake Sciences 3(1), 1-10
Shandong Tai'an Daiyue District Dawenkou depression ⓘ Dawenkou salt deposit	Zhongde Zhu (1988): Mineral Deposits 7(1), 87-96
Shanxi Yuncheng Yanhu District ⓘ Yuncheng salt lake	Zheng Mianping, Tang Jiayou, Liu Junying, and Zhang Fasheng (1993): Hydrobiologia 267(1-3), 23-36.
Tibet Nagchu Prefecture (Naqu Prefecture) Nyima Co. (Nima Co.) ⓘ Dujiali lake (Borax lake)	Xifang Liu and Mianping Zheng (2010): Acta Geologica Sinica 89(11), 1601-1612
Xinjiang Akesu Prefecture Aksu Co. ⓘ Tuoshigan River valley	Akihiko Okada, Sadayo Yabuki, and Congqiang Liu (1994): RIKEN Review 5, 3-4
Bayin'gholin Autonomous Prefecture (Bayingolin Autonomous Prefecture; Bayinguoleng Autonomous Prefecture) Ruoqiang Co. (Qakilik Co.; Chaqiliq Co.) ⓘ Dawadi salt lake	Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
ⓘ Lop Nur (Lop Nuur; Lop lake; Luobu lake; Luobubo)	Bingxiao Li (1992): Journal of Lake Sciences 4(1), 48-55
ⓘ Luobei depression	Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
Bo'ertala Autonomous Prefecture (Börtala Autonomous Prefecture) Jinghe Co. (Jing Co.) ⓘ Ebi Nur (Ebi lake; Aibi lake)	Bingxiao Li (1992): Journal of Lake Sciences 4(1), 48-55
Turpan Gaochang District ⓘ Xiaohengshan Mine	Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
Shanshan Co. Kanggur-Xifengshan gold belt ⓘ Kanggu'er Au deposit (Kanggur Au deposit; Kangur Au deposit; Kanggul Au deposit; Kanggur Tag Au deposit; Kanggu'ertage Au deposit)	Zhaoxin Han, Lijun Luan, and Chaoyou Wang (2004): Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology 24(3), 324-327 Kaiyin Bai and Zhaoxin Han (2007): Northwestern Geology 40(2), 114-117
Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Tacheng Prefecture (Tarbaghatay Prefecture) Hebukesai'er Co. (Hoboksar Co.; Kobuksar Co.; Qobuqsar Co.) ⓘ Manas salt lake (Manasi salt lake)	Yanling Tang (2005): Non-metallic deposits of Xinjiang, China [Zhongguo Xinjiang Fei Jinshu Kuangchuang]. Geological Publishing House (Beijing), 289 pp.
Costa Rica
Cartago Province Oreamuno Canton Irazú Volcano ⓘ Cueva Los Minerales	Ulloa, A., Gázquez, F., Sanz-Arranz, A., Medina, J., Rull, F., Calaforra, J.M., Alvarado, G.E., Martinez, M., Avard, G., de Moor, J., De Waele, J. (2018) Extremely high diversity of sulfate minerals in caves of the Irazú Volcano (Costa Rica) related to crater lake and fumarolic activity. International Journal of Speleology, 47(2), 229-246.
Czech Republic
Moravian-Silesian Region Karviná District Orlová ⓘ ČSA Mine	Matýsek D., Jirásek J., Osovský M., Skupien P.. Minerals formed by the weathering of sulfides in mines of the Czech part of the Upper Silesian Basin. Mineralogical Magazine, 2014, 78, 5, 1265-1286.
El Salvador
Sonsonate Department ⓘ Izalco Volcano	Stoiber, R.E., Rose Jr., W.I. (1974) Fumarole incrustations at active Central American volcanoes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 38, 495-516.
France
Hauts-de-France Pas-de-Calais Lens ⓘ Avion	Naze-Nancy Masalehdani, M., Mees, F., Dubois, M., Coquinot, Y., Potdevin, J.-L., Fialin, M. & Blanc-Valleron, M.-M. (2009): Condensate minerals from a burning coal-waste heap in Avion, Northern France. Can. Mineral. 47, 573-591.
Nouvelle-Aquitaine Pyrénées-Atlantiques Oloron-Sainte-Marie ⓘ Nébélé Cave	D. Laurent, G. Barré, C. Durlet, P. Cartigny, C. Carpentier, G. Paris, P. Collon, J. Pironon and E.C. Gaucher (2023): Unravelling biotic versus abiotic processes in the development of large sulfuric-acid karsts. Geology (online first). https://doi.org/10.1130/G50658.1
Occitanie Tarn-et-Garonne Montauban Orgueil ⓘ Orgueil meteorite	Steven M. Richardson (1978). Vein formation in the C1 carbonaceous chondrites. Meteoritics, 13, #1, 141-159. (March 1978).
Germany
Hesse Kassel Region Fulda Neuhof Giesel ⓘ Himmelsberg	Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.
ⓘ Neuhof-Ellers Potash Works	Krah, O., (1988): Beobachtungen beim Durchbruch eines Basaltganges durch das Kalilager vom Werk Neuhof-Ellers, Der Aufschluss Vol. 39 (2), 103-113
Hersfeld-Rotenburg Heringen ⓘ Wintershall Potash Works	Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.
Phillippsthal ⓘ Hattorf Potash Works	Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Herne Baukau ⓘ Julia coal mine	Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.
Saxony-Anhalt Salzlandkreis Börde-Hakel Westeregeln ⓘ Douglashall I-II potash mine	Naumann, Zirkel: "Elemente der Mineralogie", 13th Ed., 1898
Bördeaue Tarthun ⓘ Brefeld potash mine	No reference listed
Saxony Dresden ⓘ Willi Agatz mine	Thalheim, K. Reichel, W. & Witzke, T. (1991): Die Minerale des Döhlener Beckens.- Schriften des Staatlichen Museums für Mineralogie und Geologie zu Dresden, Nr. 3
Thuringia Wartburg District Krayenberggemeinde ⓘ Merkers mine	W.I. Borrisenkow (1968) Zeitschr. für angewandte Geologie 14, 7-10
Hungary
Heves County Pétervására District Recsk ⓘ Recsk Mine (Deep Level)	Szakáll & Gatter: Hun. Min.Spec., 1993 Sánoor Szakáll, Mária Foldvári, Gábor Papp, Péter Kovács-pálffy, Árpád Kovács (1997) Secondary Sulphate Minerals From Hungary. Acta Mineralogica-petrographica, Szeged, Xxxviii, Supplementum, 7-63.
Iceland
Southern Region Vestmannaeyjar Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands) Surtsey Island ⓘ Grillid (Cave S-4)	Jacobsson et al (1992) Encrustations from Lava Caves in Surtsey, Iceland. A Preliminary Report: Surtsey Research Progress Report X: 73-78 Reykjevik, Iceland.
India
Rajasthan Nagaur District ⓘ Sambhar Salt Lake	Sinha, R., & Smykatz-Kloss, W. (2003). Thermal characterization of lacustrine dolomites from the Sambhar Lake playa, Thar desert, India. Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry, 71(3), 739-750.
Italy
Campania Naples Pozzuoli ⓘ Solfatara di Pozzuoli	Russo, M., Campostrini, I., Demartin, F. (2017): I minerali di origine fumarolica dei Campi Flegrei: Solfatara di Pozzuoli (Napoli) e dintorni. Micro, 15, 122-192.
Somma-Vesuvius Complex Mount Vesuvius ⓘ Vesuvius fumaroles	Russo, M., Campostrini, I. (2022) Elenco delle specie minerali del "Somma-Vesuvio". Miscellanea INGV: 65: 1-33.
Sicily Caltanissetta Province Mussomeli Belici salt deposit ⓘ Belici stream salt outcrop	Mezzadri, P. (1988) La serie gessoso solfifera della Sicilia e altre memorie geo-minerarie. Roberto De Nicola Editore, Roma, 874 pp.
Enna Province Calascibetta ⓘ Sambuco Mine	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 364, 449.
Metropolitan City of Catania Zafferana Etnea ⓘ Grotta Cutrona	www.cse.speleo.it
Metropolitan City of Messina Eolie Islands (Aeolian Islands) Lipari Vulcano Island Porto Levante Faraglioni di Levante ⓘ Faraglione Ranni	GARAVELLI A., GRASSO M.F., VURRO F. (1996): Mineral occurrence and depositional processes at Baia di Levante area (Vulcano Island, Italy). - Mineralogica et Petrographica Acta - 39, 251- 261.
Kazakhstan
Atyrau Region Inder ⓘ Inder B deposit and salt dome	Pekov, I. V. & Abramov, D. V. (1993): Boron deposit of the Inder and its minerals. World of Stones, 1, 23-30.
Kurmangazy ⓘ Korduan	Rose, Gustav (1842) Reise nach dem Ural, dem Altai und dem Kaspischen Meere. Band 2. Verlag der Sanderschen Buchhandlung (G. E. Reimer), Berlin, pages 270-271 Nikitinsky, Ya.Ya. [Никитинский, Я.Я.] (1876) The lake-deposited salt of the Astrakhan Governorate [О самосадочной соли Астраханской губерний]. University Typography (Katkov) [Университетская типография (Катков)], Moscow, 143 pp. (in Russian) Ryabin, A. [Рябинин, А.] (1920) Glauber salt in Russia [Глауберова соль в России]. Pervaya Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya [Первая Государственная Типография], Petrograd, 20 pp. (in Russian).
Kenya
Trans-Nzoia County Mount Elgon ⓘ Kitum Cave	Bowell, R. J., Warren, A., & Redmond, I. (1996). Formation of cave salts and utilization by elephants in the Mount Elgon region, Kenya. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 113(1), 63-79.
Mexico
Chihuahua Saucillo Municipality Naica ⓘ Naica Mine	Gazquez, et al., 2016, The Caves of Naica: a decade of research: Boletin geologico y Minero 1`27 (1) 147-`63
Namibia
Khomas Region Windhoek Rural Friedenau Farm 16 ⓘ Matchless Mine	DILL, H.G., PÖLLMANN, H. , BOSECKER, K., HAHN, L. and MWIYA, S.(2002) Supergene mineralization in mining residues of the Matchless cupreous pyrite deposit (Namibia) – A clue to the origin of modern and fossil duricrusts in semiarid climates.- Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 75: 43-70
New Zealand
Otago Region Central Otago District ⓘ Chapman Road	Kerr, G., & Craw, D. (2017). Mineralogy and geochemistry of biologically-mediated gold mobilisation and redeposition in a semiarid climate, southern New Zealand. Minerals, 7(8), 147.
Pakistan
Punjab Province Jhelum District ⓘ Khewra	[Specimen in collection of Natural History Museum, London]
ⓘ Khewra Salt Mine (Mayo Mine)	Dana 6: 899 Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Khushab District Warcha ⓘ Warcha Gorge	[Specimen in collection of Natural History Museum, London]
Sargodha District Shahpur ⓘ Varcha Mine	Dana 6: 947 Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Peru
Tacna Jorge Basadre Province ⓘ Bahai de Ite tailings pile	Diaby, N., Dold, B., Buselli, E., & Vicetti, R. (2006). EFFECTS ON ELEMENT MOBILITY BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF A WETLAND ON THE MARINE SHORE PORPHYRY COPPER TAILINGS DEPOSIT, BAHÍA DE ITE, PERU. In 7th International Conference on Acid Rock Drainage (ICARD), March (pp. 26-30).
Poland
Silesian Voivodeship Mikołów County Łaziska Górne ⓘ Skalny dump	Lukasz Kruszewski 2005: Minerals arising in cause of underground fires of "Skalny" coal mine dump in Laziska (Upper Silesia, Poland). Mag. Thesis (unpublished)
Rybnik County Gmina Czerwionka-Leszczyny ⓘ Dębieńsko Mine heap	Kruszewski, Ł. (2013): Supergene minerals from the burning coal mining dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland. International Journal of Coal Geology: 105: 91-109 (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516212002881)
ⓘ Upper Silesian Coal Basin	Kruszewski, Ł. (2013). Supergene sulphate minerals from the burning coal mining dumps in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, South Poland. International Journal of Coal Geology, 105, 91-109.
Wodzisław County Radlin ⓘ Marcel mine heap	Ł. Kruszewski PXRD data (to be published soon)
Portugal
Aveiro Arouca ⓘ Serrinha waste pile - Pejão mining area - Douro Coalfield	Joana Ribeiro, Silvio R. Taffarel, Carlos H. Sampaio, Deolinda Flores, Luis F.O. Silva (2013): Mineral speciation and fate of some hazardous contaminants in coal waste pile from anthracite mining in Portugal. International Journal of Coal Geology, 109-110, 15-23.
Russia
ⓘ Astrakhan Oblast	Rose, Gustav (1842) Reise nach dem Ural, dem Altai und dem Kaspischen Meere. Band 2. Verlag der Sanderschen Buchhandlung (G. E. Reimer), Berlin, pages 270-271 Ryabin, A. [Рябинин, А.] (1920) Glauber salt in Russia [Глауберова соль в России]. Pervaya Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya [Первая Государственная Типография], Petrograd, 20 pp. (in Russian) Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.p.441 Bokova, L.P. [Бокова, Л.П.] (2016) Geological study of the saline lakes in the area of the western substeppe ilmens [Геологическое изучение соляных озёр в зоне западно-подстепных ильменей]. V International forum of the young scientists [V Международный научный форум молодых ученых]. Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering [Астраханский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет], pages 472-475 (in Russian).
Limansky District Basy ⓘ Ilmen Malinovsky (Lake Malinovskoye)	Ryabin, A. [Рябинин, А.] (1920) Glauber salt in Russia [Глауберова соль в России]. Pervaya Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya [Первая Государственная Типография], Petrograd, 20 pp. (in Russian) Bokova, L.P. [Бокова, Л.П.] (2016) Geological study of the saline lakes in the area of western substeppe ilmens [Геологическое изучение соляных озёр в зоне западно-подстепных ильменей]. V International forum of the young scientists [V Международный научный форум молодых ученых]. Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering [Астраханский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет], pages 472-475 (in Russian).
Chelyabinsk Oblast ⓘ Chelyabinsk coal basin	Cesnokov, B., Kotrly, M. and Nisanbajev, T. (1998): Brennende Abraumhalden und Aufschlüsse im Tscheljabinsker Kohlenbecken - eine reiche Mineralienküche. Mineralien-Welt, 9 (3), 54-63 (in German).
Irkutsk Oblast Zheleznogorsk ⓘ Korshunovskoye iron deposit	Mazurov, M.P., Grishina, S.N., Istomin, V.E., and Titov, A.T. (2007): Geology of Ore Deposits 49(4), 271-284. Mazurov et al (2007) Geology of Ore Deposits, 49, 271–284.
Kalmykia Chernozemelsky District ⓘ Lake Bolshoye Basinskoye	Ryabin, A. [Рябинин, А.] (1920) Glauber salt in Russia [Глауберова соль в России]. Pervaya Gosudarstvennaya tipografiya [Первая Государственная Типография], Petrograd, 20 pp. (in Russian) Bokova, L.P. [Бокова, Л.П.] (2016) Geological study of the saline lakes in the area of western substeppe ilmens [Геологическое изучение соляных озёр в зоне западно-подстепных ильменей]. V International forum of the young scientists [V Международный научный форум молодых ученых]. Astrakhan State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering [Астраханский государственный архитектурно-строительный университет], pages 472-475 (in Russian).
Kamchatka Krai Milkovsky District Tolbachik Volcanic field Great Fissure eruption (Main Fracture) Northern Breakthrough (North Breach) ⓘ Second scoria cone	Pekov, I.V., Zelenski, M.E., Zubkova, N.V., Ksenofontov, D.A., Kabalov, Y.K., Chukanov, N.V., Yapaskurt, V.O., Zadov, A.E., Pushcharovsky, D.Y. (2012): Krasheninnikovite, KNa2CaMg(SO4)3F, a new mineral from the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. American Mineralogist, 97, 1788-1795
ⓘ Glavnaya Tenoritovaya fumarole (Major Tenorite)	Pekov, I.V., Shchipalkina, N.V., Zubkova, N.V., Gurzhiy, V.V., Agakhanov, A.A., Belakovskiy, D.I., Chukanov, N.V., Lykova, I.S., Vigasina, M.F., Koshlyakova, N.N., Sidorov, E.G., Giester, G. (2019). Alkali sulfates with aphthitalite-like structures from fumaroles of the Tolbachik volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. I. Metathenardite, a natural high-temperature modification of Na2SO4. The Canadian Mineralogist: 57(6): 885-901.
Yelizovsky District ⓘ Mutnovskoe	Okrugin, V. M. (2004). Miocene to Quaternary center volcanic, hydrothermal and ore-forming activity in the Southern Kamchatka. In Metallogeny of the Pacific Northwest (Russian Far East)-Tectonics, Magmatism and Metallogeny of Active Continental Margin, Interim IAGOD Conference, Excursion Guidebook, Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 2004 (pp. 147-176).
Sakha Aldan Inagli Massif ⓘ Inagli chrome diopside deposit	Naumov, VB and Kamenetsky, VS and Thomas, R and Kononkova, NN and Ryzhenko, BN (2008): Inclusions of silicate and sulfate melts in chrome diopside from the Inagli deposit, Yakutia, Russia. Geochemistry International, 46, 554-564. [http://eprints.utas.edu.au/7673/1/GeochemInt2008-Inagli.pdf]
Spain
Andalusia Almería Cuevas del Almanzora ⓘ Golosina mine	Georges FAVREAU collection + EDX analysis
Aragon Huesca ⓘ Flumen-Monegros Irrigation District	Vizcayno, C., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T., Gutierrez, M., & Rodriguez, R. (1995). Mineralogical, chemical and morphological features of salt accumulations in the Flumen-Monegros district, NE Spain. Geoderma, 68(3), 193-210.
Sariñena ⓘ San Juan de Flumen	Vizcayno, C., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T., Gutierrez, M., & Rodriguez, R. (1995). Mineralogical, chemical and morphological features of salt accumulations in the Flumen-Monegros district, NE Spain. Geoderma, 68(3), 193-210.
ⓘ Torralba	Vizcayno, C., Garcia-Gonzalez, M. T., Gutierrez, M., & Rodriguez, R. (1995). Mineralogical, chemical and morphological features of salt accumulations in the Flumen-Monegros district, NE Spain. Geoderma, 68(3), 193-210.
Zaragoza Zaragoza ⓘ Salada de Mediana (La Sulfúrica)	Mees, F., Castañeda, C., Herrero, J., & Van Ranst, E. (2011). Bloedite sedimentation in a seasonally dry saline lake (Salada Mediana, Spain). Sedimentary Geology, 238(1-2), 106-115.
Navarre San Adrián ⓘ La Perla mine	Calvo Rebollar, Miguel (2014) Minerales y Minas de España. Vol. VI, Sulfatos (seleniatos, teluratos), cromatos, molibdatos y wolframatos. Fundación Gómez Pardo, Madrid, Spain.
Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field) ⓘ Perevalnoe deposit	Badalov, S.T., Baskakov, S.P., Golovanov, I.M., Ismailov, M.I., Kasymov, A.K., Moiseeva, M.I., Musin, R.A., Smirnova, S.K. [Бадалов, С.Т., Баскаков, С.П., Голованов, И.М., Исмаилов, М.И., Касымов, А.К., Моисеева, М.И., Мусин, Р.А., и Смирнова, С.К.] (1975) Minerals of Uzbekistan [Минералы Узбекистана]. Publishing House "Fan" of the Uzbek SSR [Издательство "Фан" УзССР], Tashkent, Volume II [Том II], 335 pp. (in Russian).
ⓘ Sardob deposit	Badalov, S.T., Baskakov, S.P., Golovanov, I.M., Ismailov, M.I., Kasymov, A.K., Moiseeva, M.I., Musin, R.A., Smirnova, S.K. [Бадалов, С.Т., Баскаков, С.П., Голованов, И.М., Исмаилов, М.И., Касымов, А.К., Моисеева, М.И., Мусин, Р.А., и Смирнова, С.К.] (1975) Minerals of Uzbekistan [Минералы Узбекистана]. Publishing House "Fan" of the Uzbek SSR [Издательство "Фан" УзССР], Tashkent, Volume II [Том II], 335 pp. (in Russian).
Tanzania
Mbeya Region ⓘ Ivuna meteorite	Mason, Brian (1962) Meteorites. John Wiley and Sons, Inc.: New York & London, 274 pages.
Turkey
Ankara Province Beypazari District ⓘ Beypazarı trona deposit	Helvaci, C. (1998). The Beypazari trona deposit, Ankara Province, Turkey. In Proceedings of the first international soda ash conference (Vol. 2, pp. 67-103). Laramie Wyoming.
Konya Province ⓘ Great Konya Basin	van Doesburg, J.D.J., L. Vergouwen, and L. van der Plas (1982): Konyaite, Na2Mg(SO4)2•5H2O, a new mineral from the Great Konya Basin, Turkey. American Mineralogist 67, 1035-1038.
Karapınar District ⓘ Karapinar	Vergouwen, L. (1981) Eugsterite, a new salt mineral. American Mineralogist: 66: 632-636.
Niğde Province ⓘ Bor-Ulukışla basin	Altay, T., Karakaya, M.Ç., and Murat, A. (2010): Goldschmidt Conference Abstracts 2010.
Turkmenistan
Balkan Province ⓘ Garabogazkol (Kara Bogaz Gol)	John K. Warren, Evaporites through time: Tectonic, climatic and eustatic controls in marine and nonmarine deposits, Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 98, Issues 3–4, February 2010, Pages 217-268, Evseev, A. A. (1995) Kazaknstan and Middle Asia. A brief Mineralogical Guide. World of Stone 8:24-30
ⓘ Uzun-su	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Ukraine
ⓘ Crimea	Nesterovskiy, V. A., & Deiak, M. A. (2015). Cучасний МІНЕРАЛОГЕНЕЗ В ЕКЗОГЕННИХ СИСТЕМАХ КРИМСЬКОГО ПІВОСТРОВА. Збірник наукових праць Інституту геологічних наук НАН України, 8, 165-172. Modern mineral formation in exogenous systems of Crimean Peninsula
Kerch Peninsula Vulcanovka Village area ⓘ Ak-Tube mud volcano	Deyak M.A. Modern water-chemogenic formations of mud volcanoes of Kerch Peninsula. Dissertation to Scientific Candidate Degree in Geological Sciences in speciality 04.00.21 – lithology. –Department of marine geology and sedimentary ore formation of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. – Kyiv, 2010.
Simferopol area Ukrainka Village area (Kurtsy) ⓘ Kurtsovskoye deposit (diabases)	Dvoichenko P.A. The minerals of Crimea (1914) - Zapiski Krymskogo obshchestva estestvoispytatelei (Proceeding of the Crimea Society of Naturalistes), 1914, vol. 4, p. 1-208 (Rus.) - Popov S.P. Mineralogy of the Crimea (1938). - M.-L., AN SSSR, 1938, 352 p. (Rus.)
Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast ⓘ Kalusa salt deposit	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
USA
Arizona Coconino County Vermillion Cliffs Mining District Marble Canyon Paria River ⓘ Lees Ferry Gold Mine	Anthony, J.W., et al (1995), Mineralogy of Arizona, 3rd.ed.: 140.
California Fresno County Cantua ⓘ Cantua Creek	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. SGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Tumey Gulch ⓘ Unnamed Blödite occurrence [1]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. USGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Wildcat Canyon area ⓘ Unnamed Blödite occurrence [2]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. USGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Imperial County Bertram Bertram siding ⓘ Bertram Mine (Bertram Siding Sulfate deposit; Bertram Sodium Sulphate deposits)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Sampson, Reid J. & W. Burling Tucker (1942), Mineral resources of Imperial County: California Mining Bureau. Report 38: 140 Ver Planck, Wm. E., Jr. (1954), Salines in southern California: California Division Mines Bulletin 170, ch. VIII: 5-14 Murdoch, Joseph & Robert W. Webb (1966), Minerals of California, Centennial Volume (1866-1966): California Division Mines & Geology Bulletin 189: 108 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Niland ⓘ Davis–Schrimpf Fumarole Field (Mud Volcanoes area; Mud Pots area)	Adams, P., & Lynch, D. (2014). A mineralogical inventory of geothermal features southeast of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California. Trough to trough: The Colorado River and the Salton Sea (Reynolds, R, 39-43.
Salton Sea Mullet Island ⓘ F1 fumarole field	Adams, P., & Lynch, D. (2014). A mineralogical inventory of geothermal features southeast of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California. Trough to trough: The Colorado River and the Salton Sea (Reynolds, R, 39-43.
ⓘ F2 fumarole field	Adams, P., & Lynch, D. (2014). A mineralogical inventory of geothermal features southeast of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California. Trough to trough: The Colorado River and the Salton Sea (Reynolds, R, 39-43.
ⓘ Sulfur Hill	Adams, P., & Lynch, D. (2014). A mineralogical inventory of geothermal features southeast of the Salton Sea, Imperial County, California. Trough to trough: The Colorado River and the Salton Sea (Reynolds, R, 39-43.
Inyo County Deep Springs Valley ⓘ Deep Springs Lake (Deep Springs Playa)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Jones, Blair Francis (1961), Zoning of saline minerals at Deep Spring Lake, California: USGS PP 424-B, Article 83: B200 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
ⓘ Eagle Borax Spring	a spectroscopic exploration. Economic Geology: 91: 622-635. Crowley, J.K. (1996) Mg- and K-bearing borates and associated evaporites at Eagle Borax Spring, Death Valley, California
Kern County Temblor Range Carneros Rocks ⓘ Chico Martinez Creek	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. SGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Spellacy ⓘ Unnamed Blödite occurrence [1]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. USGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Merced County Laguna Seca Creek area ⓘ Unnamed arroyo	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. USGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Monterey County ⓘ Cholame Valley	Gunnar Färber
San Luis Obispo County Carrizo Plain ⓘ Soda Lake	Encyclopia of Minerals (Roberts, Rapp, Weber) M. K. Eghbal , R. J. Southard and L. D. Whittig (1988) Dynamics of Evaporite Distribution in Soils on a Fan-Playa Transect in the Carrizo Plain, California. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 53: 898–903
Soda Lake area ⓘ Soda Lake deposit (Strip Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 268. Gale, Hoyt Stoddard (1914e), Sodium sulphate in the Carrizo Plain, San Luis Obispo County, California: USGS Bulletin 540: 428-433 Schaller, Waldemar Theodore (1916a), Mineralogic notes, USGS Bulletin 610: 148 Eady, A.F. (1966) Bloedite-Kristalle von Soda Lake, San Luis Obispo County, Kalifornien. Aufschluss: 17: 268-269 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Santa Barbara County New Cuyama Alamo Canyon ⓘ Unnamed small spring	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 267, 268. Murata, K.J. (1977) Occurrence of bloedite and related minerals in marine shale of Diablo and Tremblor Ranges, California. USGS Jour. Res.: 5: 638 Pemberton, H. Earl (1983) Minerals of California. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.
Colorado Garfield County ⓘ Piceance Basin	Eckel, Edwin Butt , Cobban, Robert R., Mosburg, Shirley K., Foord, Eugene E. (1997) Minerals of Colorado. Fulcrum Publishing.
Mesa County ⓘ West Salt Creek	Eckel, Edwin Butt , Cobban, Robert R., Mosburg, Shirley K., Foord, Eugene E. (1997) Minerals of Colorado. Fulcrum Publishing.
Moffat County Piceance Basin ⓘ Green River Formation occurrences	Eckel, Edwin Butt , Cobban, Robert R., Mosburg, Shirley K., Foord, Eugene E. (1997) Minerals of Colorado. Fulcrum Publishing.
Rio Blanco County ⓘ Piceance Basin	Eckel, Edwin Butt , Cobban, Robert R., Mosburg, Shirley K., Foord, Eugene E. (1997) Minerals of Colorado. Fulcrum Publishing.
Weld County ⓘ Unnamed coal mine	Zielinski, R. A., Otton, J. K., & Johnson, C. A. (2001). Sources of salinity near a coal mine spoil pile, north-central Colorado. Journal of environmental quality, 30(4), 1237-1248.
Hawaii Hawaii County ⓘ Unspecifed lava tubes (lava caves)	Hon, K., Bove, D.J., Lee, L., and Thornber, C., 2009, The origin and zonation of sublimates and precipitates in active Hawaiian lava tubes: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 41, no. 7, p.193.
Nevada Clark County ⓘ Las Vegas Wash	Buck, B. J., Wolff, K., Merkler, D. J., & McMillan, N. J. (2006). Salt Mineralogy of Las Vegas Wash, Nevada. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 70(5), 1639-1651.
New Mexico ⓘ Carlsbad Potash District	Northrop, Stuart A., LaBruzza, F.A. (1996) Minerals of New Mexico (3rd ed.) University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.
Eddy County ⓘ Carlsbad Potash Mining District	Hawley, J. W. Kues, B. S. Austin, G. S. Lucas, S. G. [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 44th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 357 p. James M. Barker and George S. Austin, (1993) Economic geology of the Carlsbad potash district, New Mexico , pp. 283-291 in: Carlsbad Region (New Mexico and West Texas), Love, D. W.
Otero County ⓘ Tularosa Basin	2008 New Mexico Mineral Symposium abstracts
San Juan County ⓘ Chaco Culture National Historical Park	Tankersley, K. B., Dunning, N. P., Thress, J., Owen, L. A., Huff, W. D., Fladd, S. G., ... & Scarborough, V. L. (2016). Evaluating soil salinity and water management in Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 9, 94-104.
Torrance County ⓘ Estancia Salt Mining District	Northrop, Stuart A., LaBruzza, F.A. (1996) Minerals of New Mexico (3rd ed.) University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.
ⓘ Big Salt Lake (Laguna Salina)	USGS Prof Paper 68 The Ore Deposits of New Mexico. Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Utah Davis County ⓘ Great Salt Lake	Bullock, Kenneth C. (1981) Minerals and mineral localities of Utah. Bulletin 117. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
ⓘ Great Salt Lake	Bullock, Kenneth C. (1981) Minerals and mineral localities of Utah. Bulletin 117. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
San Juan County Red Canyon Mining District ⓘ Blue Lizard Mine	J. Plášil, A.R. Kampf, A.V. Kasatkin, J. Marty, R. Škoda, S. Silva, J. Čejka (2013): Meisserite, Na5(UO2)(SO4)3(SO3OH)(H2O), a new uranyl sulfate mineral from the Blue Lizard mine, San Juan County, Utah, USA. Mineralogical Magazine 77, 2975-2988
Tooele County ⓘ Great Salt Lake	Bullock, Kenneth C. (1981) Minerals and mineral localities of Utah. Bulletin 117. Utah Geological and Mineral Survey
Washington Yakima County Mount Adams ⓘ Mount Adams summit	Cannon, B. (1975): Minerals of Washington, p.40, 60, 63, 77, 120, 166
Uzbekistan
Karakalpakstan Lower Amu Darya River (Amydar'ya) ⓘ Kushkanatau salt deposit	Slyusareva, M.N. (1969) Hydroglauberite, a new mineral of the hydrous sulfate group. Zapiski Vsesoyuznogo Mineralogicheskogo Obshchestva: 98(1): 59-62. Pekov, Igor V. (1998) Minerals first discovered on the territory of the former Soviet Union. Ocean Pictures, Moscow. 369pp.