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Ilvaite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

This page kindly sponsored by David Carter

Photos of Ilvaite (472)

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Ilvaite

Serifos Island, Milos, South Aegean, Greece

Ilvaite

Serifos Island, Milos, South Aegean, Greece

Ilvaite

Dalnegorsk, Dalnegorsk Urban District, Primorsky Krai, Russia

Ilvaite

Serifos Island, Milos, South Aegean, Greece

Ilvaite

Dalnegorsk, Dalnegorsk Urban District, Primorsky Krai, Russia

Ilvaite

Serifos Island, Milos, South Aegean, Greece

Ilvaite

Serifos Island, Milos, South Aegean, Greece

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About IlvaiteHide

Formula:

CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)

Colour:

Iron-black, dark grayish black

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic

Hardness:

5½ - 6

Specific Gravity:

3.99 - 4.05

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Member of:

Lawsonite Group

Name:

For "Ilva", the old latin name of Elba Island, on which the co-type localites are situated.
The history of the name of ilvaite is complex.
The mineral was probably first observed in 1784 by the french geologist Déodat de Dolomieu (1750-1801) during his voyage to the Elba Island, Italy. According to Thiébaut de Berneaud (1808), it was found at Cap Calamita ["C'est à la punta della Calamita que Dolomieu trouva cette substance minèrale qu'on a depuis nommée yénite"]. As the mineral collected by Dolomieu didn't show crystal forms, he was induced to classify it as black schorl. The french mineralogist Romé de l’Isle (1736-1790) also had a crystal of the mineral in collection, labelled as Mine de fer noirâtre attirable à l`aimant [an iron mineral that is attracted by magnet] and originating from Rio Marina (Leliévre 1807, Thiébaut de Berneaud 1808, Schubnel 1999). In 1796, the French Mineralogist Louis-Benjamin Fleuriau de Bellevu (1761-1852) also collected the mineral at Cap Calamite (Leliévre 1807 (footnote p. 72-73), Schubnel 1999). It was analyzed by the french chemist Vaquelin.

But it was first published, described and named in 1807 by the French mineralogist Claude-Hugues Leliévre (28 june 1752, Paris, France -18 october 1835). He named it as yenite, in memory of the battle at Jena (in todays Germany) 14 October 1806. The battle was between the forces of Napoleon I of France and Frederick William III of Prussia.
The name should have been written Jenite, but according to Leliévre he changed it to Yenite, to avoid confusions with the prononciation.

The name was however criticized in the science community. Information on the new mineral was published by french geologist Jean-François D'Aubuisson in the German Journal für die Chemie und Physik in 1807. The author gave here another origin for the name: "Le Lièvre gave it the name jenite in memory of the Mineralogical Society of Jena, of which he is member" (It seems to be an attempt to soften a name unpleasent to all German).

Later the German/Danish-Norwegian philosopher and mineralogist Henrik Steffens (2 May 1773 Stavanger, Denmark-Norway - 13 February 1845 Berlin, Germany) in his Vollständiges Handbuch der Oryktgnosie (1811) introduced the name Ilvaite.
Later, in 1812 another German, Abraham Gottlob Werner (in Hoffmann 1812, Handbuch der Mineralogie II, p. 376) proposed the name Lievrite in honor of Leliévre who first described the mineral.
The name Ilvaite is the name used today.

Leliévre (1807), in his description, states that he found the mineral in two different localities on the Elba Island: At Rio Marina and at Cap Calamite.

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Cape Calamita Mine, Capoliveri, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
ⓘ Torre di Rio - Santa Filomena area (Monte della Torre), Rio Marina, Rio, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy

A sorosilicate. The ferrous iron analogue of manganilvaite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

2016

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:2016:5

GUID
(UUID V4):

e0f10988-4f48-471f-9324-004ae46e19f7

IMA Classification of IlvaiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂O(Si₂O₇)(OH)

First published:

1807

Type description reference:

Steffens, H. (1811) Ilvait. in Vollständiges Handbuch der Oryktognosie, Erster Theil (Halle, Germany): 356-358.

Classification of IlvaiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.BE.07

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si₂O₇ groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

56.2.3.3

56 : SOROSILICATES Si₂O₇ Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H₂O
2 : Si₂O₇ Groups and O, OH, F, and H₂O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination

Hey's CIM Ref.:

14.22.7

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
22 : Silicates of Fe and Ca

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Ilv	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Ilv	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Ilv	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of IlvaiteHide

Lustre:

Sub-Metallic

Transparency:

Opaque

Colour:

Iron-black, dark grayish black

Streak:

Black, inclining to green or brown

Hardness:

5½ - 6 on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Distinct/Good
Distinct on {001} {010}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

3.99 - 4.05 g/cm³ (Measured) 4.064 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of IlvaiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.727 n_β = 1.870 n_γ = 1.883

2V:

Measured: 20° to 30°, Calculated: 30°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.156

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

Very High

Anisotropism:

Very strong

Dispersion:

Strong r

Optical Extinction:

X > Y > Z

Reflectivity:

Wavelength	R₁	R₂
400nm	8.7%	10.4%
420nm	8.6%	10.3%
440nm	8.5%	10.2%
460nm	8.2%	10.1%
480nm	7.9%	10.0%
500nm	7.6%	9.9%
520nm	7.3%	9.8%
540nm	7.0%	9.8%
560nm	6.7%	9.8%
580nm	6.3%	9.8%
600nm	5.8%	9.8%
620nm	5.5%	9.8%
640nm	5.2%	9.8%
660nm	5.0%	9.8%
680nm	5.1%	9.7%
700nm	5.4%	9.6%

Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 10.4%.
R₁ shown in black, R₂ shown in red

Colour in reflected light:

light gray to bluish gray, pinkish red to violet

Pleochroism:

Strong

Comments:

X= dark green
Y= yellow-brown to dark brown
Z= dark brown

Comments:

X=c, Y=b, Z=a

Chemistry of IlvaiteHide

Mindat Formula:

CaFe³⁺Fe²⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O(OH)

Elements listed:

Ca, Fe, H, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Mg,Mn

Crystallography of IlvaiteHide

Crystal System:

Orthorhombic

Class (H-M):

mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) - Dipyramidal

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.800 Å, b = 13.019 Å, c = 5.852 Å

Ratio:

a:b:c = 0.676 : 1 : 0.449

Unit Cell V:

670.45 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic, columnar, radiating, compact massive,

Comment:

Orthorhombic (Pbnm; cell parameters given refer to this space-group symmetry) or monoclinic (P21/a; 13.0103(5), 8.8039(4), 5.8517(3), 90.209(5))

Crystallographic forms of IlvaiteHide

Crystal Atlas:

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Ilvaite no.2 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Ilvaite no.26 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Ilvaite no.70 - Goldschmidt (1913-1926)

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Temp (K)
0001003	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Sen Gupta P K, Schlemper E O (1985) Electron ordering in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate: crystal structure refinement at 138 K American Mineralogist 70 1248-1252	1985	293
0002317	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002318	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002319	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002320	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002321	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002322	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002323	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002324	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002325	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002326	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002327	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (1999) Structural adjustments induced by heat treatment in ilvaite American Mineralogist 84 1604-1612	1999	293
0002848	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from Perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002849	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002850	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002851	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002852	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002853	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0002854	Ilvaite	Bonazzi P, Bindi L (2002) Structural properties and heat-induced oxidation-dehydrogenation of manganoan ilvaite from perda Niedda mine, Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 87 845-852	2002	293
0006537	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006538	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006539	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006540	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006541	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006542	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006543	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0006544	Ilvaite	Carrozzini B (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters European Journal of Mineralogy 6 465-479	1994	293
0007361	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Hewat A W, Marezio M (1984) A neutron powder diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic structures of ilvaite from 305 K to 5 K - a mixed valence iron silicate with an electronic transition Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 11 67-74	1984	293
0007362	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Hewat A W, Marezio M (1984) A neutron powder diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic structures of ilvaite from 305 K to 5 K - a mixed valence iron silicate with an electronic transition Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 11 67-74	1984	293
0007363	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Hewat A W, Marezio M (1984) A neutron powder diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic structures of ilvaite from 305 K to 5 K - a mixed valence iron silicate with an electronic transition Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 11 67-74	1984	293
0007364	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Hewat A W, Marezio M (1984) A neutron powder diffraction study of the crystal and magnetic structures of ilvaite from 305 K to 5 K - a mixed valence iron silicate with an electronic transition Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 11 67-74	1984	293
0007453	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0007454	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0007455	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0007456	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0007457	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0007458	Ilvaite	Ghose S, Tsukimura K, Hatch D M (1989) Phase transitions in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron silicate II. A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study and Landau theory of the monoclinic to orthorhombic phase transition induced by charge delocalization Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 16 483-496	1989	293
0015644	Ilvaite	Beran A, Bittner H (1974) Untersuchungen zur kristallchemie des ilvaits Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 21 11-29	1974	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Ilvaite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Ghose S'
'Sen Gupta P K'
'Schlemper E O'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 70 
_journal_year 1985
_journal_page_first 1248
_journal_page_last 1252
_publ_section_title
;
 Electron ordering in ilvaite, a mixed-valence iron
 silicate: crystal structure refinement at 138 K
 Sample: T = 138 K
;
_database_code_amcsd 0001003
_chemical_formula_sum 'Fe3 Ca Si2 O9 H'
_cell_length_a 13.008
_cell_length_b 8.784
_cell_length_c 5.836
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90.21
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 666.830
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      4.072
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/a 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '1/2+x,1/2-y,z'
  '1/2-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Fe1Ao   0.89001   0.05004   0.00852   0.00405
Fe2Am   0.88996   0.05218   0.49051   0.00389
Fe3B   0.94134   0.74089   0.24923   0.00389
Ca   0.81261   0.37020   0.75256   0.00400
Si1   0.95954   0.36916   0.24920   0.00295
Si2   0.67914   0.22764   0.25180   0.00293
O1   0.00900   0.02940   0.73790   0.00646
O2o   0.93690   0.27220   0.01590   0.00443
O2m   0.93540   0.27280   0.48290   0.00431
O3   0.77740   0.11020   0.25530   0.00418
O4o   0.67060   0.32890   0.01790   0.00469
O4m   0.67030   0.33180   0.48300   0.00456
O5   0.58480   0.10080   0.25240   0.00418
O6   0.60180   0.02640   0.75190   0.00545
O7   0.79800   0.10960   0.74410   0.00456
H   0.74100   0.09800   0.74300   0.04053

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Image Loading

Radiation - Copper Kα
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
7.305 Å	(70)
2.865 Å	(70)
2.849 Å	(93)
2.840 Å	(93)
2.721 Å	(70)
2.714 Å	(70)
2.676 Å	(100)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
Stage 5: Initiation of plate tectonics	<3.5-2.5
40 : Regional metamorphism (greenschist, amphibolite, granulite facies)

Geological Setting:

Contact metasomatic rocks and iron deposits.

Type Occurrence of IlvaiteHide

Co-Type Localities:

ⓘ Cape Calamita Mine, Capoliveri, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy
ⓘ Torre di Rio - Santa Filomena area (Monte della Torre), Rio Marina, Rio, Livorno Province, Tuscany, Italy

General Appearance of Type Material:

A sample collected in 1801 by Claude-Hugues Leliévre measuring 17 x 14 cm with about 50 shiny crystals.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Natural History Museum in Paris, inventory Nr 3.158.

Reference:

Steffens, H. (1811) Ilvait. in Vollständiges Handbuch der Oryktognosie, Erster Theil (Halle, Germany): 356-358.

Download:

https://rruff.info/rruff_1.0/uploads/Vollstandiges_Handbuch_der_Oryktogenose_1_1811_356.pdf

Synonyms of IlvaiteHide

Baddeleyite (of Clarke)

Elbaite (of Giesecke)

Lievrite

Yenite

Other Language Names for IlvaiteHide

Croatian:Ilvait

Dutch:Ilvaiet

German:Breislakit
Ilvait
Lievrit
Yenit

Italian:Ilvaite

Lithuanian:Ilvaitas

Russian:Ильваит

Simplified Chinese:黑柱石

Spanish:Breislakita
Cyclopeita
Ilvaita
Lievrita
Yenita

Relationship of Ilvaite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Lawsonite Group

Other Members of this group:

Amamoorite	CaMn²⁺₂Mn³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Cortesognoite	CaV₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
Hennomartinite	SrMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
Itoigawaite	SrAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
Lawsonite	CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
Manganilvaite	CaFe²⁺Fe³⁺Mn²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
Noelbensonite	BaMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mm2

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

389 photos of Ilvaite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
119 photos of Ilvaite associated with Hedenbergite	CaFe²⁺Si₂O₆
112 photos of Ilvaite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
37 photos of Ilvaite associated with Arsenopyrite	FeAsS
19 photos of Ilvaite associated with Siderite	FeCO₃
17 photos of Ilvaite associated with Hematite	Fe₂O₃
15 photos of Ilvaite associated with Rhodochrosite	MnCO₃
14 photos of Ilvaite associated with Datolite	CaB(SiO₄)(OH)
14 photos of Ilvaite associated with Fluorite	CaF₂
13 photos of Ilvaite associated with Natanite	Fe²⁺[Sn(OH)₆]

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.BE.	Paralomonosovite	Na₆◻₄Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂[PO₃OH][PO₂(OH)₂]O₂(OF)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Cámaraite	Ba₃Na(Fe²⁺,Mn)₈Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₄O₄(OH,F)₇	Tric. 1
9.BE.	Christofschäferite-(Ce)	Ce₃CaMnTiFe(³⁺)Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.	Bobshannonite	Na₂KBa(Mn,Na)₈(Nb,Ti)₄(Si₂O₇)₄O₄(OH)₄(O,F)₂	Tric.
9.BE.	Calciomurmanite	(Na,◻)₂Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)₄[Si₂O₇]₂O₂(OH,O)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Batievaite-(Y)	Y₂Ca₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Delhuyarite-(Ce)	Ce₄Mg(Fe³⁺,W)₃◻(Si₂O₇)₂O₆(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.X	Asimowite	Fe²⁺₄O(Si₂O₇)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.BE.	Moxuanxueite	NaCa₆Zr(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)	Ce₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Biraite-(La)	La₂Fe²⁺(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Zinkgruvanite	Ba₄Mn²⁺₄Fe³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)₂(SO₄)₂O₂(OH)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Madeiraite	Na₂Ca₂Fe₂Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Bortolanite	Ca₂(Ca_1.5Zr_0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OF)F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.	Nacareniobsite-(Y)	Na₃Ca₃YNb(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Pilanesbergite	Na₂Ca₂Fe₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.	Alfredcasparite	Sr₂TiO(Si₂O₇)	Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.02	Wadsleyite	Mg₄O(Si₂O₇)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Imma
9.BE.05	Hennomartinite	SrMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05	Lawsonite	CaAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05	Noelbensonite	BaMn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mm2
9.BE.05	Itoigawaite	SrAl₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05	Cortesognoite	CaV₂(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.07	Manganilvaite	CaFe²⁺Fe³⁺Mn²⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.07	Amamoorite	CaMn²⁺₂Mn³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.10	Suolunite	Ca₂(H₂Si₂O₇) · H₂O	Orth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.BE.12	Jaffeite	Ca₆(Si₂O₇)(OH)₆	Trig. 3 : P3
9.BE.15	Fresnoite	Ba₂Ti(Si₂O₇)O	Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.17	Baghdadite	Ca₆Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Burpalite	Na₂CaZr(Si₂O₇)F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Cuspidine	Ca₈(Si₂O₇)₂F₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Hiortdahlite	Na₂Ca₄(Ca_0.5Zr_0.5)Zr(Si₂O₇)2OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.17	Janhaugite	(Na,Ca)₃(Mn²⁺,Fe²⁺)₃(Ti,Zr,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH,F)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.17	Låvenite	Na₂Ca₂Mn₂Zr₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Niocalite	(Ca,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)(O,OH,F)₂	Mon. m
9.BE.17	Normandite	NaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si₂O₇)OF	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.17	Wöhlerite	Na₂Ca₄ZrNb(Si₂O₇)₂O₃F	Mon. 2 : P2₁
9.BE.20	Mosandrite-(Ce)	(Ca₃REE)[(H₂O)₂Ca_0.5◻_0.5]Ti(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Nacareniobsite-(Ce)	Na₃Ca₃(Ce,REE)Nb(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.20	Roumaite	(Ca,Na,REE,◻)₇(Nb,Ti)[Si₂O₇]₂OF₃	Mon. m : Bb
9.BE.20	Rinkite-(Y)	Na₂Ca₄YTi(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.22	Götzenite	NaCa₆Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Hainite-(Y)	Na₂Ca₄(Y,REE)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Rosenbuschite	Na₆Ca₆Zr₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₄O₂F₆	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Kochite	Na₃Ca₂MnZrTi(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22	Fogoite-(Y)	Na₃Ca₂Y₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂OF₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.23	Dovyrenite	Ca₆Zr(Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₄	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnnm
9.BE.25	Barytolamprophyllite	(Ba,Na)₂(Na,Ti,Fe³⁺)₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O(OH,F)	Mon.
9.BE.25	Ericssonite	BaMn²⁺₂Fe³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Lamprophyllite	(Na,Mn²⁺)₃(Sr,Na)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH,O,F)₂	Mon. 2/m
9.BE.25	Ericssonite-2O	BaMn²⁺₂Fe³⁺(Si₂O₇)O(OH)	Orth.
9.BE.25	Seidozerite	Na₄MnZr₂Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25	Nabalamprophyllite	(BaNa)Ti₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/m
9.BE.25	Grenmarite	Na₄MnZr₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25	Schüllerite	Ba₂Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe³⁺,Mg,Fe²⁺)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂(O,F)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Kazanskyite	BaNa₃Ti₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Lileyite	Ba₂(Na,Fe,Ca)₃MgTi₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Emmerichite	Ba₂Na(Na,Fe²⁺)₂(Fe³⁺,Mg)Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Saamite	Ba◻Na₃Ti₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)F(H₂O)₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25	Fluorlamprophyllite	Na₃(SrNa)Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂F₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25	Fluorbarytolamprophyllite	(Ba,Sr)₂[(Na,Fe²⁺)₃(Ti,Mg)F₂][Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂]	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.27	Murmanite	Na₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)O₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Vigrishinite	NaZnTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₃(OH)(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Kolskyite	CaNa₂Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₄(H₂O)₇	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27	Selivanovaite	NaFe³⁺Ti₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₄(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.30	Epistolite	(Na◻)Nb₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂(H₂O)₄	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.32	Lomonosovite	Na₅Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.35	Vuonnemite	Na₁₁Ti⁴⁺Nb₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₂O₃(F,OH)	Tric.
9.BE.37	Sobolevite	Na₁₃Ca₂Mn₂Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₄O₃F₃	Mon. m : Pb
9.BE.40	Innelite	Ba₄Ti₂Na(NaMn²⁺)Ti(Si₂O₇)₂[(SO₄)(PO₄)]O₂[O(OH)]	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.40	Phosphoinnelite	Na₃Ba₄Ti₃(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄,SO₄)₂O₂F	Tric.
9.BE.42	Yoshimuraite	Ba₂Mn₂Ti(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)O(OH)	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.45	Quadruphite	Na₆Na₂(CaNa)₂Na₂Ti₂Na₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)₄O₄F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.47	Polyphite	Na₅(Na₄Ca₂)Ti₂(Si₂O₇)(PO₄)₃O₂F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50	Bornemanite	Na₆BaTi₂Nb(Si₂O₇)₂(PO₄)O₂(OH)F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50	Shkatulkalite	Na₂Nb₂Na₃Ti(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(FO)(H₂O)₄(H₂O)₃	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.55	Bafertisite	Ba₂Fe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂	Tric.
9.BE.55	Hejtmanite	Ba₂Mn²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F₂	Tric. 1
9.BE.55	Bykovaite	(Ba,Na,K)₂(Na,Ti,Mn)₄(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(H₂O,F,OH)₂ · 3.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BE.55	Nechelyustovite	(Ba,Sr,K)₂(Na,Ti,Mn)₄(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(O,H₂O,F)₂ · 4.5H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.60	Delindeite	(Na,K)₂(Ba,Ca)₂(Ti,Fe,Al)₃(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂ · 2H₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.62	Orthochevkinite	(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)₄(Fe²⁺,Mg)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₃Si₄O₂₂	Orth.
9.BE.62 va	Strontium Perrierite	(Ce,Sr,La,Ca)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Zr,Fe)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈
9.BE.62	Chevkinite-(Nd)	(Nd,REE)₄(Fe²⁺,Mg)(Fe²⁺,Ti,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Fe³⁺)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈ ?
9.BE.62	Perrierite-(Nd)	Nd₄MgFe³⁺₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈ ?
9.BE.65	Bussenite	Na₂Ba₂Fe²⁺Ti(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)(OH)₃F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67	Jinshajiangite	BaNaFe²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67	Perraultite	BaNaMn²⁺₄Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₂(OH)₂F	Tric. 1
9.BE.70	Karnasurtite-(Ce)	(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₄ · 3H₂O	Amor.
9.BE.70	Perrierite-(Ce)	Ce₄MgFe³⁺₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Strontiochevkinite	(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Zr)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Chevkinite-(Ce)	Ce₄(Ti,Fe²⁺,Fe³⁺)₅O₈(Si₂O₇)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Polyakovite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Mg,Fe²⁺)(Cr³⁺,Fe³⁺)₂(Ti,Nb)₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70	Rengeite	Sr₄ZrTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Matsubaraite	Sr₄Ti₅(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Dingdaohengite-(Ce)	(Ce,La)₄Fe²⁺(Ti,Fe²⁺,Mg,Fe³⁺)₂Ti₂(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	Maoniupingite-(Ce)	(Ce,Ca)₄(Fe³⁺,Ti,Fe²⁺,◻)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70	Perrierite-(La)	(La,Ce,Ca)₄(Fe²⁺,Mn)(Ti,Fe³⁺,Al)₄[(Si₂O₇)O₄]₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.70	UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr	Sr₄ZrTi₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbca
9.BE.70	Hezuolinite	(Sr,REE)₄Zr(Ti,Fe³⁺)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.72	Fersmanite	Ca₄(Na,Ca)₄(Ti,Nb)₄(Si₂O₇)₂O₈F₃	Tric.
9.BE.75	Belkovite	Ba₃(Nb,Ti)₆(Si₂O₇)₂O₁₂	Hex. 6 m2 : P6₂m
9.BE.77	Nasonite	Pb₆Ca₄(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
9.BE.80	Kentrolite	Pb₂Mn³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pbcm
9.BE.80	Melanotekite	Pb₂Fe³⁺₂(Si₂O₇)O₂	Orth. 2 2 2 : C2 2 2₁
9.BE.82	Tilleyite	Ca₅(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.82	Alexkuznetsovite-(La)	La₂Mn(CO₃)(Si₂O₇)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.85	Killalaite	Ca_6.4(H_0.6Si₂O₇)₂(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BE.87	Stavelotite-(La)	(La,Nd,Ca)₃Mn²⁺₃Cu(Mn³⁺,Fe³⁺,Mn⁴⁺)₂₆(Si₂O₇)₆O₃₀	Trig. 3 : P3₁
9.BE.90	Biraite-(Ce)	Ce₂Fe²⁺(Si₂O₇)(CO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BE.90	Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)	Y₄(Mg,Fe)(Si₂O₇)₂F₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.92	Cervandonite-(Ce)	(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe³⁺,Fe²⁺,Ti,Al)₃O₂(Si₂O₇)(As³⁺O₃)(OH)	Trig. 3m : R3m
9.BE.92	Chirvinskyite	(Na,Ca)₁₃(Fe,Mn,◻)₂(Ti,Zr)₅(Si₂O₇)₄(OH,O)₁₂ · 2H₂O	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.95	Batisivite	BaV³⁺₈Ti₆(Si₂O₇)O₂₂	Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.95	Rusinovite	Ca₁₀(Si₂O₇)₃Cl₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.97	Schlüterite-(Y)	(Y,REE)₂AlSi₂O₇(OH)₂F	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b

Other InformationHide

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References for IlvaiteHide

Reference List:

Lelièvre, C.H. (1807) De la yénite, nouvelle substance minérale. Journal des Mines, 21, 65-74. [As yenite] http://annales.ensmp.fr/articles/1807-1/33-39.pdf

D'Aubuisson, Jean-François (1807) Nachricht über ein neues Mineral, Jenit genannt. Journal für die Chemie und Physik, 3, 1, 86-87

Thiébaut de Berneaud, Arsenne (1808) Voyage à l'isle d'Elbe, suivi d'une notice sur les autres isles de la mer Tyrrhénienne. D. Colas & Le Normant, Paris, xvi+231 pp. https://books.google.it/books?id=tDB-8bB03vsC&printsec=f

Steffens, H. (1811) Ilvait. in Vollständiges Handbuch der Oryktognosie, Erster Theil (Halle, Germany): 356-358.

Hoffmann, C.A. s. (1812) Handbuch der Mineralogie II, Freiberg, Verl. Craz & Gerlach,p. 376.

Prescott, B. (1908) Ilvaite from Shasta Co., California. American Journal of Science: 26(151): 14-16.

Rodolico F. (1931) Osservazioni cristallografiche sull'ilvaite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma pp. 122-132.

Federico, M. (1957) Sulla breislakite. Periodico di Mineralogia – Roma: 191-210.

Herzenberg, C.L., Riley, D.L. (1969) Oxidation states and site symmetries of iron in ilvaite using Mössbauer spectrometry. Acta Crystallographica Section A: 25(2): 389-391.

Burt, D.M. (1971) Multisystems analysis of the relative stabilities of babingtonite and ilvaite. Carnegie Institute Annual Report of the Geophysical Laboratory: 70: 189-197.

Beran, A., Bittner, H. (1972) Verfeinerung der kristallstruktur von ilvait und messung der protonenresonanz. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1972: 551-553.

Dietrich, V. (1972) Ilvait, Ferroantigorit und Greealith als Begleiter oxidisch-sulfidischer Vererzungen in den Oberhalbsteiner Serpentiniten. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrog. Mitt.: 52: 57-74

Beran, A., Bittner, H. (1974) Untersuchungen zur kristallchemie des ilvaits. Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen: 21: 11-29.

Takéuchi, Y., Haga, N. (1976) Neutron diffraction study of ilvaite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie-Crystalline Materials: 144(1-6): 161-174.

Burt, D.M., London, D. (1978) Manganbabingtonite and ilvaite from a hedenbergite-johannsenite skarn, Aravaipa, Arizona. Geological Society of America, Abs. with Prog.: 10/3: 98.

Takéuchi, Y., Haga, N., Bunno, M. (1983) X-ray study on polymorphism of ilvaite, HCa(Fe2+)2Fe3+O2(Si2O7). Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 163: 267-283.

Dunn, P. J., Cabri, L. J., Clark, A. M., Fleischer, M. (1983) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 68. 849-852

Coey, J.M.D., Allan, J., Xuemin, K., Van Dang, N., Ghose, S. (1984) Magnetic and electrical properties of ilvaite. Journal of Applied Physics: 55(6): 1963-1965.

Cecchini, A., Franzini, M., Troysi, M. (1984) La microdurezza alla penetrazione dell'ilvaite. Rendiconti della Societa Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia: 39: 711-715.

Finger, L.W., Hazen, R.M. (1987) Crystal structure of monoclinic ilvaite and the nature of the monoclinic-orthorhombic transition at high pressure. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 179: 415-430.

Carrozzini, B. (1994) Crystal structure refinements of ilvaite: new relationships between chemical composition and crystallographic parameters. European Journal of Mineralogy: 6: 465-479.

Schubnel, H.J. (1999): Les types d’ espèces minerals et les Collection de Synthèses Anciennes du Muséum National d’ Histoire Naturelle. Dossiers de la Galerie. Numéro spécial, décembre 1999. 1-29

Fehr, K.T., Schneider, J., Hochleitner, R., Schmidbauer, E. (2005) Structure and physical property relations of Mn ilvaite. Part 1: Compositional, structural and Mössbauer data. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals: 32: 388-399.

Koch-Müller, M., Mrosko, M., Gottschalk, M., Schade, U. (2012) Pressure-induced phase transitions in ilvaite studied by in situ micro-FTIR spectroscopy. European Journal of Mineralogy: 24: 831-838.

(2023) Ilvaite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for IlvaiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Albania
Lezhë County Mirditë ⓘ Thirra deposit	Váczi-Lovász et al. (2024)

Argentina
San Juan Province Ullúm Department ⓘ Gualilan-Gualcamayo District	Brodtkorb (2002)

Australia
New South Wales Buccleuch Co. Talbingo ⓘ Black Perry Mountain	Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 19 (1981)
ⓘ Wee Jasper
Yancowinna Co. Broken Hill district ⓘ Pinnacles Mine	Ramdohr (1950)
Queensland Mareeba Shire Chillagoe ⓘ Redcap Creek skarn	Lehrmann (2012)
Mungana ⓘ Mungana Mine	Lehrmann (2012)
McKinlay Shire McKinlay ⓘ Cannington Mine (South32 Cannington)	an example of Broken Hill-type mineralization in the eastern succession et al. (8) +3 other references
North Burnett Region Gayndah ⓘ Ban Ban zinc deposit ?	Plimer (1978)
Tasmania Burnie City Hampshire mining district Kara Mines ⓘ Kara No. 1 Pit	Natural History Museum Vienna collection (collected and SXRD-analysed by Uwe Kolitsch 2/08)
West Coast municipality Mt Lindsay mineral field ⓘ Mt Lindsay mine (Parsons Hood)	Bottrill et al. (2008)

Austria
Styria Hartberg-Fürstenfeld District Stubenberg am See Freienberg ⓘ Kulmbach ?	M. Reicht
Tyrol Lienz District Prägraten am Großvenediger Umbal valley Islitz Alp ⓘ Umbal falls (Granatwandl)	Exel (1993)

Bolivia
La Paz Larecaja Province ⓘ Candelaria Mine ?	Kempff et al. (La Paz, 2009)

Brazil
Pará Parauapebas Alemão Cu deposit ⓘ Igarapé Bahia mine	Tallarico (2002)

Bulgaria
Smolyan Province ⓘ Madan ore field	[MinRec 22 p.439]

Canada
British Columbia Vancouver Island Alberni Mining Division Alberni Canal ⓘ Monitor Cu Mine	Peatfield (n.d.)
Nanaimo Mining Division Port McNeill ⓘ Merry Widow Mine	correspondance with Giles Peatfied
Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland Avalon Peninsula ⓘ Cape St. Mary's sills	Pohlner et al. (2020)
Nova Scotia Cape Breton Co. ⓘ Gabarus Bay ilvaite occurrence	Gilpin (1881)
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Rouyn-Noranda TE ⓘ Ansil Mine	Galley et al. (2000)

Chile
Aisén Coihaique Province Cerro Estatuas Ñirehuao District ⓘ El Toqui property	Maskaev et al. (2007)

China
Fujian Longyan Yongding Co. ⓘ Dapai Pb-Zn deposit	Zhenhua Zhou et al. (2011)
Zhangping Co. ⓘ Makeng Fe deposit	Yiming Zhao et al. (1982) +1 other reference
Quanzhou Dehua Co. ⓘ Yangshan Fe deposit	Yiming Zhao et al. (1982)
Sanming Youxi County Meixian Pb-Zn-(Ag) ore field ⓘ Dingjiashan Pb-Zn-(Ag) deposit	Xing et al. (2022)
ⓘ Fengyan Zn-Pb-Ag deposit	Xing et al. (2021) +2 other references
Hebei Zhangjiakou Zhangbei County ⓘ Caijiaying Mine	Dianhao Huang et al. (1991)
Heilongjiang Harbin Acheng District ⓘ Yicuomao ore field	Baogui Yu and Zhanwu Liu (1991)
Hubei Huangshi Daye Co. ⓘ Fengjiashan Mine	Hawthorne et al. (2002) +1 other reference
Inner Mongolia Chifeng City (Ulanhad League; Chifeng Prefecture) Bairin Left Banner (Balin Zuoqi) ⓘ Baiyinnuo'er Pb-Zn-polymetallic deposit (Baiyinnuo Pb-Zn-polymetallic deposit)	Dequan Zhang et al. (1991) +1 other reference
ⓘ Haobugao Cu-polymetallic deposit	Yunfen Lei and Dequan Zhang (1991) +2 other references
Hexigten Banner (Keshiketeng Co.) Huanggang Fe-Sn deposit ⓘ No. 1 Mine	Ottens et al. (2012)
ⓘ No. 2 Mine	Ottens et al. (2012)
Qinghai Haixi Mongol and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Dulan County ⓘ Baishiya Mine	Fenying Zhang et al. (2011)
Qaidam Basin (Chaidan Basin; Tsaidam Basin) ⓘ Niukutou Pb-Zn deposit	Wang et al. (2023)
Tibet Ngari Coqên Co. (Cuoqin Co.) ⓘ Nuocang skarn Pb-Zn polymetallic deposit	Jiang +7 other references
Rutog Co. (Ritu Co.) ⓘ Caima Fe deposit	Guosheng Feng et al. (2006)
Xinjiang Akesu Prefecture Aksu Co. ⓘ Blueschist outcrops	Lifei Zhang et al. (1999)
Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture) Yizhou District ⓘ Cihai iron mine	Pingzhi Tang et al. (2011)
Yili Hasake Autonomous Prefecture (Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture) Zhaosu Co. ⓘ Arqiale Pb-Zn-Cu deposit	Peng et al. (2022)
Yunnan Baoshan Longyang District ⓘ Hetaoping Pb-Zn deposit	Chuandong Xue et al. (2008)
ⓘ Jinchanghe Mine	Hua Huang et al. (2014)

Czech Republic
Central Bohemian Region Kutná Hora District Malešov ⓘ Malešov deposit	- (n.d.)
Olomouc Region Šumperk District Loučná nad Desnou ⓘ Zámčisko quarry	Minerální a horninová asociace z ... +2 other references

France
Corsica Haute-Corse Corte Morosaglia Ponte Leccia ⓘ Golo river	H. Azias et al. : "Le problème du ...

Germany
Hesse Giessen Region Lahn-Dill-Kreis Herborn ⓘ Bornberg iron mine	Vom Rath (1871)
ⓘ Diabase quarries ?	Wilke (1979)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld Hut valley ⓘ Diabasweg Quarry (Teerbau Quarry on Kehrzug)	Weiß (1990)
Harz (Landkreis Goslar) ⓘ Spitzenberg Mines
Rhineland-Palatinate Ahrweiler Altenahr Ahrbrück Martinsknipp ⓘ Hoffnung Mine (Spes Mine) ?	Beyer (1978)
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis ⓘ Breitenbrunn	Lapis (10)
Antonsthal ⓘ Shaft 235	Gröbner J. +1 other reference
Grünhain-Beierfeld Waschleithe Fürstenberg hill ⓘ Frisch Glück Mine (Herkules-Frisch Glück Mine)	www.mineralienatlas.de (n.d.)
ⓘ Schneeberg	Lapis 30 (7/8)
Schwarzenberg ⓘ Pöhla-Tellerhäuser Mine	Wittern (2001)

Greece
South Aegean Milos ⓘ Serifos Island	Frenzel (1895) +2 other references
ⓘ Koundouros (Koundouro)	Christos Spiromitros specimens +1 other reference
ⓘ Mega Horio (Megalo Horio; Mega Xhorio; Mia Horio; Mega Khorio; Mega Korio)	Rocks & Min.: 64 (5)
ⓘ Megalo Livadi	Korosidis et al. (2022, March)

Greenland
Kujalleq ⓘ Ilímaussaq complex	- (1993) +1 other reference
ⓘ Kangerluarsuk Fjord	Collection of NHM +2 other references
ⓘ Ilvaite occurrence	Lorenzen (1884) +1 other reference
ⓘ South Siorarssuit	Bøggild (1953)
Tunulliarfik Fjord ⓘ Siorarsuit	Böggild (1902)
ⓘ Kangerluluk	Bøggild (1953)

Iceland
Western Region Hvalfjarðarsveit ⓘ Hvalstöðin (Hvalstöd)	Robinson (1986) +1 other reference
ⓘ Þyrill Mountain (Thyrill)	Flink (1886)

India
Maharashtra Konkan Division ⓘ Salsette Island	Ottens et al. (2022)
Mumbai Suburban District Malad ⓘ Malad Quarry	Personal experience-Rock Currier +3 other references

Italy
Campania Salerno Nocera Inferiore ⓘ ~~Fiano tuff quarries~~	www.musei.unina.it (n.d.)
Liguria Genoa Genoa Borzoli ⓘ Mt. Ramazzo Mine	Giuseppe Pipino - L'antica miniera di ...
Voltri ⓘ Gava Valley	Palenzona (1987) +1 other reference
Lombardy Sondrio Province Novate Mezzola ⓘ Codera Valley	AA. VV.
ⓘ Punta Trubinasca	Ghizzoni et al. (2005)
Piedmont Metropolitan City of Turin Balangero ⓘ Poggio San Vittore asbestos mine	Prete (1995)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Baceno Devero Alp ⓘ Punta della Rossa (Rothorn)
Sardinia Metropolitan City of Cagliari Assemini ⓘ San Leone iron mine	Stara (1990)
Sinnai ⓘ Serragu Antiogus (Bruncu Antiogu; Bacu Antiogu)	Stara et al. (1993)
Nuoro Province Gadoni ⓘ Funtana Raminosa Mine	Meloni et al. (2017)
Sassari Province ⓘ Ploaghe	Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)
ⓘ Badde ia/Mt. Perucci-Selvani quarries	Conti-Vecchi et al. (1991)
South Sardinia Province Domusnovas ⓘ Perda Niedda Mine
ⓘ Sa Duchessa Mine	Stara et al. (1996)
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) South Tyrol Eisacktal (Valle Isarco) Klausen (Chiusa) ⓘ Montefondoli (Pfunderer Berg)	Mair (1996)
Trento Province (Trentino) Moena ⓘ Pale Rabbiose	De Michele (1974)
San Giovanni di Fassa ⓘ Toal del Malinverno	De Michele (1974)
Tuscany Grosseto Province Gavorrano ⓘ Gavorrano Mine	Capperi M.
Massa Marittima ⓘ Accesa mine	Dill (1979)
ⓘ Niccioleta Mine	Brizzi G. et al. (GR)
Montieri ⓘ Boccheggiano mines	Bazzoni C. et al.
Livorno Province Campiglia Marittima ⓘ Botro ai Marmi	Biagioni et al. (2013)
ⓘ Lanzi Mine (Cava del Piombo; Buca del Piombo)	Dini et al. (2013)
ⓘ Montorsi iron ore prospects (Monte Spinosa-North; Monte Spinosa iron deposit)	Nannoni R. et al. (2012) +1 other reference
ⓘ Temperino Mine	De Michele (1974) +2 other references
Capoliveri ⓘ Cape Calamita Mine (TL)
ⓘ Nuova Zona stope	N. Calanchi et al. (1976)
ⓘ Vallone stope	“L' Elba e i suoi minerali : guida alla ricerca” et al. (Collana Uomonatura) +1 other reference
ⓘ Ginevro Mine
ⓘ Sassi Neri Mine
Castagneto Carducci ⓘ Monte Calvi-North	Nannoni R. et al. (2012)
ⓘ Monte Coronato	REGIONE TOSCANA
Porto Azzurro ⓘ Cape Bianco Mine	A. Hanauer
Rio Rio Marina ⓘ Cape Arco Mine	E. Manasse (Isola d'Elba)
ⓘ Ortano Mine	G. Gottardi
ⓘ Tignitoio Mine	F. Barberi et al.
ⓘ Torre di Rio - Santa Filomena area (Monte della Torre) (TL)	M. Lelièvre
Pisa Province Castelnuovo di Val di Cecina ⓘ Montecastelli Pisano	Dini et al. (2024)

Japan
Gifu Prefecture Hida City ⓘ Kamioka Mine	Sadanaga et al. (1974)
ⓘ Tochibora deposit	Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Seki City Horado mine ⓘ Umehogi deposit (Abehora old adit)	Yamada (2004)
Kochi Prefecture Kochi City ⓘ Mitani	Matsubara et al. (1989)
Miyazaki Prefecture Nishiusuki District Takachiho Toroku Mine ⓘ Iwato Mine	Harada
Nagano Prefecture Minamisaku District Kitaaiki village ⓘ Ryuoh mine	Kozo Takeda collection
Niigata Prefecture Higashikambara District Aga Kanose ⓘ Hideya mine	Sadanaga et al. (1974)
ⓘ Kusakura mine	Sadanaga et al. (1974)
Oita Prefecture Bungo-Ono City ⓘ Obira Mine	Masutomi Museum specimens +2 other references
Okayama Prefecture Takahashi City Bitchū Shitouyouze ⓘ Sampo mine	Matsueda (1980)
Osaka Prefecture Ikeda City ⓘ Hatano mine	Professor Takashi Kitagawa (1949-2009) +1 other reference
Saitama Prefecture Chichibu City Ohtaki-mura Nakatsugawa ⓘ Chichibu mining district	Harada et al. (1965) +1 other reference
ⓘ Daikoku deposit	Harada et al. (1970)
Shimane Prefecture Kanoashi District Tsuwano ⓘ Sasagatani Mine	Imai (1978)
Yamaguchi Prefecture Mine City ⓘ Kitabira mine	Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
ⓘ Naganobori mine
ⓘ Eboshi Deposit	Nagashima et al. (2021)
ⓘ Yoboshi Deposit	Sadanaga et al. (1974)
ⓘ Ofuku mine (Yamato mine)	Wada (1904) +1 other reference

Kazakhstan
Akmola Region Stepnogorsk Stepnyak group ⓘ Ishke-Ulmes deposit	Spiridonov (1982)

Kosovo
Mitrovica District Mitrovica Trepča complex ⓘ Trepča Stari Trg Mine	Féraud J. (1979) +3 other references

Mexico
Chihuahua Aquiles Serdán Municipality Santa Eulalia Mining District West Camp Francisco Portillo ⓘ Potosí Mine	Panczner (1987)
Saucillo Municipality Naica ⓘ Naica Mine	Querol +1 other reference
Coahuila Múzquiz Municipality La Encantada mining district ⓘ El Pilote fluorite skarn	Levresse
Guerrero Taxco de Alarcón ⓘ Guerrero I Mine	des Rivieres
ⓘ Remedios Mine	Mr. Richard Dale.
Sinaloa Badiraguato Municipality Alisito ⓘ Gloria Mine	American Mineralogist 28:257-271 +1 other reference
Zacatecas ⓘ Fresnillo Municipality	Megaw (2023)
Sombrerete Municipality San Martín ⓘ San Martín-Sabinas District	Fluorite: The Collector's Choice. Extra ...

Mongolia
Khovd Province Myangad District ⓘ Khaldzan Buragtag massif	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Mount Ulyn Khuren ⓘ Neprimetnyi pegmatite	P. Kartashov et al. (2002)
ⓘ Tat'yana pegmatite	Kartashov P.M. et al. (Mongolian Altai)
ⓘ Tsakhirin Khuduk Y-Zr-Nb deposit	Kovalenko et al. (2004)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Midelt Province Midelt Cercle Agoudim Anemzi Tirrhist (Tighiste) ⓘ Jebel Ewargizen	Tomasz Praszkier information 2012

Namibia
Erongo Region Dâures Constituency Spitzkopje Area Klein Spitzkopje granite stock (Kleine Spitzkoppe; Klein Spitzkoppe) ⓘ ~~Stiepelmann Mine~~	Medenbach (2001) +2 other references

New Zealand
Northland Region Far North District Cape Brett ⓘ Motukokako Island (Piercy)	crownminerals.med.govt.nz (2004)

North Macedonia
Makedonska Kamenica Municipality ⓘ Sasa Mine	Strmić Palinkas et al. (2013)

Norway
Agder Flekkefjord ⓘ Åna-Sira	Barton et al. (1984)
Buskerud Øvre Eiker ⓘ Rundemyr	Neumann (1985)
Telemark Skien ⓘ Faret	Larsen et al. (2002)
Fossum Iron Mines ⓘ Breigangen Mine	Möller (1827) +1 other reference
ⓘ Elstrøm Mine	Larsen et al. (2002)
ⓘ Klosterkollen	Larsen et al. (2002)
ⓘ Larønningen	Larsen et al. (2002)
Viken Lunner Grua Grua mining district ⓘ Lykkens Prøve	Rune S. Selbekk (2010)
ⓘ Nyseter Zinc Mines	Goldschmidt (1911)
ⓘ Skjerpemyr Mine	Goldschmidt (1911)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship ⓘ Karkonosze County	Mochnacka et al. (2012)
Gmina Janowice Wielkie Miedzianka Miedzianka field (Western field) ⓘ Einigkeit Mine	Lis et al. (1986)
ⓘ Kowary	Lis et al. (1986)

Romania
Caraş-Severin County Dognecea ⓘ Ferdinand Mine	Hîrtopanu +1 other reference
Rusca Montană ⓘ Rusca Montană mining area	Rădulescu
Rușchița ⓘ Dealul Boul deposit	Kräutner et al. (1969)
Cluj County Iara ⓘ Iara Mine	www.geoecomar.ro (2015) +1 other reference
Maramureș County Baia Mare ⓘ Herja Mine	Hîrtopanu +2 other references
ⓘ Cavnic	Hîrtopanu et al. (2012)
ⓘ Cavnic Mine	Hîrtopanu et al. (2012)
Satu Mare County Turț ⓘ Turț Mine (Ghezuri Mine)	Clain et al. (2006)

Russia
Bashkortostan ⓘ Bikkulovskoe deposit	Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
Kabardino-Balkaria Baksan Valley ⓘ Tyrnyauz Mo-W deposit	Kulikov et al. (1989)
Krasnoyarsk Krai Taymyrskiy Autonomous Okrug Taimyr Peninsula Putoran Plateau ⓘ Noril'sk	Gritsenko et al. (2008) +1 other reference
Murmansk Oblast Olenegorsk ⓘ Olenegorskoe Fe deposit	Bazai et al. (2009)
Primorsky Krai Dalnegorsk Urban District ⓘ Dalnegorsk	E. Schlichter Collection. +1 other reference
ⓘ 1st Sovetskii Mine	Betts (n.d.)
Dal'negorsk B deposit ⓘ Bor Pit	Grant et al. (2001)
ⓘ Nikolaevskiy Mine	Grant et al. (2001) +2 other references
ⓘ Partizanskoe Pb-Zn deposit (Partizansky)	Simanenko (2006) +1 other reference
ⓘ 2nd Sovetskii Mine	Grant et al. (2001)
ⓘ Sentyabr'skiy	Grant et al. (2001)
ⓘ Verkhnii Mine	webmineral.ru (n.d.)

Slovakia
Prešov Region Prešov District Vyšná Šebastová ⓘ Maglovec quarry	Ďuďa

South Africa
Limpopo Sekhukhune District Municipality Ephraim Mogale Local Municipality Marble Hall ⓘ Stavoren-Mute Fides	Cairncross et al. (1995)
North West Bojanala Platinum District Municipality Moses Kotane Local Municipality ⓘ Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex	Cairncross & Dixon (1995)
ⓘ Pilanesberg Mountain	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Rustenburg Local Municipality Rustenburg Rustenburg Town & Townlands Farm ⓘ Townlands pipe	genetic implications. Economic Geology: ... +1 other reference
ⓘ Waaikraal gold deposit	S.M.C. Verryn et al (1991)

South Korea
Ulsan Buk District ⓘ Ulsan Mine	Choi et al. (2002)

Spain
Extremadura Badajoz Burguillos del Cerro ⓘ Monchi Mine	Ruiz Garcia (1976)
Navarre Goizueta ⓘ Artikutza	Hîrtopanu
Lesaka ⓘ Cinco Villas Massif	Hîrtopanu

Sweden
Jönköping County Vetlanda Fröderyd ⓘ Årset silver mine	Wilke (1997)
ⓘ Britta mine	Wilke (1997)
ⓘ Fredriksberg ore field
ⓘ Northwest Fredriksberg mine	Wilke (1997)
Norrbotten County Älvsbyn ⓘ Laver Mine	Ödman (1943)
Uppsala County Östhammar Dannemora ⓘ Dannemora mine
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine	Holtstam et al. (1999) +1 other reference
ⓘ Anrikningsverk dump	- (2016)
ⓘ Nordmark Odal Field	Gatedal (n.d.)
ⓘ Finngruvan-Gröngruvan	Langhof (2003)
Persberg ore district ⓘ Gåsgruvan ore field	Gatedal (n.d.) +1 other reference
ⓘ Gåsgruvan Quarry	Gatedal (n.d.)
Pajsberg ⓘ Harstigen Mine	Nysten (1984)

Switzerland
Grisons Albula Region Surses Bivio ⓘ Alp Tgavretga	Dietrich (1972) +1 other reference
Marmorera lake ⓘ Cotschens deposit	Volker Dietrich (1972)
ⓘ Gruba	Stalder et al. (1998)
ⓘ Platta nappe	Hochscheid et al. (2022)
Valais Goms Binn ⓘ Geisspfad area	Stalder et al. (1998)

Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field) ⓘ Altyn-Topkan deposit (Altyntopkan deposit; Altyn-Topkan Mine; Zarnisor deposit; Zarnisori Shimoli deposit; Northern Zarnisor deposit)	Badalov et al. (1976) +1 other reference
ⓘ Pay-Bulak deposit (Paybulak deposit)	geo.web.ru (n.d.)

Turkey
Diyarbakir Province Ergani District Ergani ⓘ Ergani Mine	Akinci (2009)

UK
England Cornwall Lanivet Lanivet Consols (Tretoil Mine) ⓘ ~~Wheal Messar~~	A.W.G. Kingsbury specimen in the ... +2 other references
County Durham Forest and Frith ⓘ Force Garth Quarry	www.academia.edu (n.d.) +1 other reference
Devon Teignbridge Ilsington ⓘ ~~Smallacombe Cutting~~	A.W.G. Kingsbury specimen in the ... +1 other reference
West Devon South Tawton ⓘ ~~Ramsley Mine (Fursdon Mine)~~	A.W.G. Kingsbury specimen in the ... +1 other reference

Ukraine
Zakarpattia Oblast Berehove Raion Berehove ⓘ Beregovo ore field	Biruk et al. (2012)

USA
Alaska Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area Ketchikan Mining District Prince of Wales Island Copper Mountain Jumbo Copper Mine (Jumbo Mine) ⓘ Jumbo Copper Mine area	Wilson (1977)
Southeast Fairbanks Census Area ⓘ West Little Whiteman Creek prospect	USGS PP 1760A
Arizona Cochise County Middle Pass Mining District ⓘ Black Diamond Mine (Englander Mine; Black Diamond claim)	Anthony et al. (1995)
ⓘ Middlemarch Pass	Anthony et al. (1995)
Graham County Aravaipa Mining District Aravaipa Landsman Camp ⓘ Iron Cap Mine	Wilson (1988) +1 other reference
Pinal County Mineral Mountain Mining District Reymert Canyon ⓘ Reymert Mine	Collected by
Arkansas Garland County ⓘ Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)	Rocks & Min. (1995) +1 other reference
California Fresno County Kaiser Wilderness area ⓘ Twin Lakes Limestone deposit	Murdoch (1966)
Shasta County Klamath Mountains East Shasta Copper - Zinc Mining District Heroult ⓘ Shasta Iron Company group (Shasta Iron Mine and California Consolidated Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 492. +2 other references
North Gray Rocks ⓘ Potter Creek (Potters Creek)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 388. +3 other references
Sonoma County ⓘ Petaluma	Murdoch (1966)
Colorado Gilpin County Black Hawk Mining District Black Hawk ⓘ North Clear Creek	Eckel et al. (1997)
Gunnison County Treasury Mountain ⓘ North Pole basin	Truebe (1978)
Idaho Owyhee County ⓘ South Mountain Mining District	Ream (2004)
ⓘ Bay State Group Mine (Michigan; Illinois; Massachusetts; Oregon; Washington; Tennessee; Idaho)	- (2005)
ⓘ Golconda Mine	Ream (2004)
ⓘ Independence Shaft (Independent Claim)	- (2005)
ⓘ Laxey Mine	Ream (2004)
ⓘ Queen of the Mountains and Kentuck Claims Mine (Crown Point)	- (2005)
ⓘ South Mountain Mine (Texas; Golconda; Sonneman; Exploration Company of California; Laxey)	Christian Bracke Collection.
ⓘ Standard Shaft Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Missouri	AmMin 46:1509
Nevada Elko County ⓘ Contact Mining District	Castor et al. (2004)
Lander County Battle Mountain Mining District ⓘ Fortitude mine	Economic Geology +4 other references
Lincoln County Tem Piute Mining District ⓘ Free Tunnel mine	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ Lincoln mine (Tem Piute mine; Emerson mine; North Tempiute; South Thumb; Tempiute; Wah Chang Tungsten Mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
ⓘ North Tem Piute mine (Schofield mine)	Castor et al. (2004)
New Jersey Somerset County Bernards Township ⓘ Millington Quarry	Kent et al. (2000)
New Mexico Grant County Central Mining District (Bayard District) Vanadium ⓘ Ground Hog Mine	Minerals of the Ground Hog Mine Grant ... +2 other references
ⓘ Hanover-Fierro Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Empire Zinc Mine	New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook +2 other references
ⓘ Hanover Mountain	- (2005)
ⓘ Pewabic Mine	Econ Geol (1987) +1 other reference
ⓘ Princess Mine	- (2005)
ⓘ Santa Rita Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Santa Rita ⓘ Chino Mine (Santa Rita pit; Santa Rita Mine)	Rocks & Minerals 84:492-500
Lincoln County Capitan Mountains ⓘ Capitan Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Socorro County ⓘ Magdalena Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Linchberg tunnel	DeMark (1989)
New York Putnam County Town of Southeast ⓘ Tilly Foster Iron Mine	Lupulescu
ⓘ St. Lawrence County	Jensen (1978)
ⓘ Balmat-Edwards Zinc Mining District	Jensen (1978) +1 other reference
Balmat ⓘ Empire State No. 2 Mine	Chamberlain et al. (2023)
Oregon Coos County ⓘ Powers quarry	Wood (1979) +1 other reference
Pennsylvania York County ⓘ Dillsburg	Hotz (1953) +1 other reference
Rhode Island Providence County Cumberland ⓘ Iron Mine Hill quarry	Miller (1972)
ⓘ Staples Road Manganese bed	Miller (1971)

Ilvaite

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