Log InRegister
Quick Links : The Mindat ManualThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryMindat Newsletter [Free Download]
Home PageAbout MindatThe Mindat ManualHistory of MindatCopyright StatusWho We AreContact UsAdvertise on Mindat
Donate to MindatCorporate SponsorshipSponsor a PageSponsored PagesMindat AdvertisersAdvertise on Mindat
Learning CenterWhat is a mineral?The most common minerals on earthInformation for EducatorsMindat ArticlesThe ElementsThe Rock H. Currier Digital LibraryGeologic Time
Minerals by PropertiesMinerals by ChemistryAdvanced Locality SearchRandom MineralRandom LocalitySearch by minIDLocalities Near MeSearch ArticlesSearch GlossaryMore Search Options
Search For:
Mineral Name:
Locality Name:
Keyword(s):
 
The Mindat ManualAdd a New PhotoRate PhotosLocality Edit ReportCoordinate Completion ReportAdd Glossary Item
Mining CompaniesStatisticsUsersMineral MuseumsClubs & OrganizationsMineral Shows & EventsThe Mindat DirectoryDevice SettingsThe Mineral Quiz
Photo SearchPhoto GalleriesSearch by ColorNew Photos TodayNew Photos YesterdayMembers' Photo GalleriesPast Photo of the Day GalleryPhotography

Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE deposit), Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt, Yizhou District, Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture), Xinjiang, Chinai
Regional Level Types
Huangshandong Cu-Ni-PGE deposit (Huangshan East Cu-Ni-PGE deposit)Deposit
Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore beltBelt
Yizhou DistrictCounty
Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)Prefecture-level City
XinjiangAutonomous Region
ChinaCountry

This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
PhotosMapsSearch
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
42° 16' 59'' North , 94° 46' 3'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
42.28306,94.76750
GeoHash:
G#: wpe2s3rsd
GRN:
N29E51
Type:
Deposit
KΓΆppen climate type:
BWk : Cold desert climate
Mindat Locality ID:
144051
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:144051:8
GUID (UUID V4):
ba1ed32d-3f3d-4906-bc7f-738efe9e6627
Name(s) in local language(s):
ι»„ε±±δΈœι“œι•ι“‚ζ—ε…ƒη΄ ηŸΏ, ι»„ε±±-ι•œε„Ώζ³‰ηŸΏεΈ¦, ε“ˆε―†εΈ‚ (Ω‚Ϋ‡Ω…Ϋ‡Ω„ Ψ΄Ϋ•ΪΎΩ‰Ψ±Ω‰), ε“ˆε―†εœ°εŒΊ (Ω‚Ϋ‡Ω…Ϋ‡Ω„ Ϋ‹Ω‰Ω„Ψ§ΩŠΩ‰ΨͺΩ‰), 新疆维吾尔θ‡ͺ治区, δΈ­ε›½


Mafic-ultramafic intrusion into Middle Carboniferous turbidites of the Gandun Group. Cu-Ni sulphide ores are hosted in a well-differentiated intrusion with an outcrop area of 2.8 km2. The Huangshandong deposit is the largest in the Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


34 valid minerals. 1 erroneous literature entry.

Detailed Mineral List:

β“˜ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
β“˜ 'Amphibole Supergroup var. Uralite'
Formula: AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
β“˜ Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
β“˜ Bornite
Formula: Cu5FeS4
β“˜ Chalcocite
Formula: Cu2S
β“˜ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
β“˜ 'Chlorite Group'
β“˜ Chromite
Formula: Fe2+Cr3+2O4
β“˜ Cobaltite
Formula: CoAsS
β“˜ Covellite
Formula: CuS
β“˜ Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
β“˜ 'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'
β“˜ Gersdorffite
Formula: NiAsS
β“˜ Heazlewoodite
Formula: Ni3S2
β“˜ Hessite
Formula: Ag2Te
β“˜ 'Hornblende Root Name Group'
Formula: ◻Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
β“˜ Lead
Formula: Pb
β“˜ 'Leucoxene'
β“˜ Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
β“˜ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Millerite
Formula: NiS
β“˜ Nickeline
Formula: NiAs
β“˜ Pentlandite
Formula: (NixFey)Ξ£9S8
β“˜ Pilsenite
Formula: Bi4Te3
Description: The occurrence of pilsenite at Huanshandong was reported by Bao (1994) and is also listed in the Handbook of Mineralogy (Anthony et al., 2003). Though, according to the EMPA results presented in Bao's paper, the composition of the mineral is very close to BiTe, which corresponds to tsumoite, not pilsenite.
β“˜ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜ Polydymite
Formula: Ni2+Ni3+2S4
β“˜ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
β“˜ Pyrite var. Bravoite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)S2
β“˜ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite
Formula: (Fe,Co)S2
β“˜ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
β“˜ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
β“˜ 'Serpentine Subgroup'
Formula: D3[Si2O5](OH)4
β“˜ Siegenite
Formula: CoNi2S4
β“˜ Sperrylite
Formula: PtAs2
β“˜ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
β“˜ Stibnite
Formula: Sb2S3
β“˜ Talc
Formula: Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
β“˜ Tsumoite
Formula: BiTe
Habit: Microscopic inclusions in chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite
Description: This mineral was reported by Bao as pilsenite. However, the EMPA results presented in his paper indicate a composition very close to BiTe, which corresponds to tsumoite, not pilsenite.
β“˜ Ullmannite
Formula: NiSbS
β“˜ UlvΓΆspinel
Formula: TiFe2+2O4
β“˜ Vaesite
Formula: NiS2
β“˜ Valleriite
Formula: (Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
β“˜ Violarite
Formula: Fe2+Ni3+2S4

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
β“˜Lead1.AA.05Pb
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
β“˜Chalcocite2.BA.05Cu2S
β“˜Bornite2.BA.15Cu5FeS4
β“˜Hessite2.BA.60Ag2Te
β“˜Heazlewoodite2.BB.05Ni3S2
β“˜Pentlandite2.BB.15(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
β“˜Covellite2.CA.05aCuS
β“˜Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
β“˜Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
β“˜Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
β“˜Nickeline2.CC.05NiAs
β“˜Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
β“˜Millerite2.CC.20NiS
β“˜Mackinawite2.CC.25FeS
β“˜Siegenite2.DA.05CoNi2S4
β“˜Polydymite2.DA.05Ni2+Ni3+2S4
β“˜Violarite2.DA.05Fe2+Ni3+2S4
β“˜Stibnite2.DB.05Sb2S3
β“˜Tsumoite2.DC.05BiTe
β“˜Pilsenite ?2.DC.05Bi4Te3
β“˜Pyrite
var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite		2.EB.05a(Fe,Co)S2
β“˜Vaesite2.EB.05aNiS2
β“˜Pyrite
var. Bravoite		2.EB.05a(Fe,Ni)S2
β“˜Sperrylite2.EB.05aPtAs2
β“˜Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
β“˜Marcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
β“˜Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
β“˜Cobaltite2.EB.25CoAsS
β“˜Gersdorffite2.EB.25NiAsS
β“˜Ullmannite2.EB.25NiSbS
β“˜Valleriite2.FD.30(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
β“˜Chromite4.BB.05Fe2+Cr3+2O4
β“˜Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
β“˜var. Titanium-bearing Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
β“˜UlvΓΆspinel4.BB.05TiFe2+2O4
β“˜Ilmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
β“˜Rutile4.DB.05TiO2
Group 9 - Silicates
β“˜Talc9.EC.05Mg3Si4O10(OH)2
Unclassified
β“˜'Hornblende Root Name Group'-β—»Ca2(Z2+4Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
β“˜'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
β“˜'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
β“˜'Fayalite-Forsterite Series'-
β“˜'Leucoxene'-
β“˜'Amphibole Supergroup
var. Uralite'		-AX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
β“˜'Chlorite Group'-
β“˜'Serpentine Subgroup'-D3[Si2O5](OH)4

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Hβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Hβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Hβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
OOxygen
Oβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Oβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Oβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Oβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Oβ“˜ UlvΓΆspinelTiFe22+O4
Oβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Oβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Oβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
FFluorine
Fβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Fβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
NaSodium
Naβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
MgMagnesium
Mgβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Mgβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
AlAluminium
Alβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Alβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Alβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
SiSilicon
Siβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siβ“˜ TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2
Siβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Siβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siβ“˜ Serpentine SubgroupD3[Si2O5](OH)4
SSulfur
Sβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Sβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Sβ“˜ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Sβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Sβ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Sβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Sβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Sβ“˜ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Sβ“˜ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Sβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Sβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Sβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
Sβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
Sβ“˜ PolydymiteNi2+Ni23+S4
Sβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Sβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sβ“˜ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
Sβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
Sβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
Sβ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
Sβ“˜ VaesiteNiS2
Sβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Sβ“˜ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
Sβ“˜ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
ClChlorine
Clβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Clβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
CaCalcium
Caβ“˜ Hornblende Root Name Group◻Ca2(Z42+Z3+)(AlSi7O22)(OH,F,Cl)2
Caβ“˜ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
TiTitanium
Tiβ“˜ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiβ“˜ RutileTiO2
Tiβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Tiβ“˜ UlvΓΆspinelTiFe22+O4
Tiβ“˜ Amphibole Supergroup var. UraliteAX2Z5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
CrChromium
Crβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
FeIron
Feβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Feβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Feβ“˜ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Feβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feβ“˜ ChromiteFe2+Cr23+O4
Feβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Feβ“˜ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feβ“˜ MackinawiteFeS
Feβ“˜ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feβ“˜ MarcasiteFeS2
Feβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
Feβ“˜ PyriteFeS2
Feβ“˜ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feβ“˜ Magnetite var. Titanium-bearing MagnetiteFe2+(Fe3+,Ti)2O4
Feβ“˜ UlvΓΆspinelTiFe22+O4
Feβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
Feβ“˜ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
Feβ“˜ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
CoCobalt
Coβ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Coβ“˜ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
Coβ“˜ Pyrite var. Cobalt-bearing Pyrite(Fe,Co)S2
NiNickel
Niβ“˜ Pyrite var. Bravoite(Fe,Ni)S2
Niβ“˜ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Niβ“˜ HeazlewooditeNi3S2
Niβ“˜ MilleriteNiS
Niβ“˜ NickelineNiAs
Niβ“˜ Pentlandite(NixFey)Ξ£9S8
Niβ“˜ PolydymiteNi2+Ni23+S4
Niβ“˜ SiegeniteCoNi2S4
Niβ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
Niβ“˜ VaesiteNiS2
Niβ“˜ ViolariteFe2+Ni23+S4
CuCopper
Cuβ“˜ BorniteCu5FeS4
Cuβ“˜ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cuβ“˜ ChalcociteCu2S
Cuβ“˜ CovelliteCuS
Cuβ“˜ CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cuβ“˜ Valleriite(Fe2+,Cu)4(Mg,Al)3S4(OH,O)6
ZnZinc
Znβ“˜ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asβ“˜ ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Asβ“˜ CobaltiteCoAsS
Asβ“˜ GersdorffiteNiAsS
Asβ“˜ NickelineNiAs
Asβ“˜ SperrylitePtAs2
AgSilver
Agβ“˜ HessiteAg2Te
SbAntimony
Sbβ“˜ StibniteSb2S3
Sbβ“˜ UllmanniteNiSbS
TeTellurium
Teβ“˜ HessiteAg2Te
Teβ“˜ PilseniteBi4Te3
Teβ“˜ TsumoiteBiTe
PtPlatinum
Ptβ“˜ SperrylitePtAs2
PbLead
Pbβ“˜ LeadPb
BiBismuth
Biβ“˜ PilseniteBi4Te3
Biβ“˜ TsumoiteBiTe

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Phanerozoic : 305.9 Β± 3.5 Ma to 228.7 Β± 1.4 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Mesozoic
  Triassic
   Late/Upper Triassic
β“˜ Chalcopyrite (youngest age)228.7 Β± 1.4 Ma
β“˜ Pentlandite (youngest age)229.9 Β± 1.7 Ma
    
  
 Paleozoic
  Permian
   Cisuralian
β“˜ Amphibole Supergroup (youngest age)274.3 Β± 2.2 Ma
β“˜ Pentlandite (oldest age)275.2 Β± 4.2 Ma
  Carboniferous
   Pennsylvanian
β“˜ Chalcopyrite (oldest age)299.7 Β± 1.8 Ma
β“˜ Amphibole Supergroup (oldest age)305.9 Β± 3.5 Ma

Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality

AsiaContinent
Eurasian PlateTectonic Plate
TurkestanArea

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

References

Xiangcheng Bao (1994): Several rare minerals in the eastern Huangshan Cu-Ni deposit, Hami, Xinjiang. Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology 15(1), 53-57.
Jingwen Mao, Jianmin Yang, Wenjun Qu, Andao Du, Zhiliang Wang, and Chunming Han (2002): Re-Os dating of Cu-Ni sulfide ores from Huangshandong deposit in Xinjiang and its geodynamic significance. Mineral Deposits 21(4), 323-330.
Lianchang Zhang, Wenjiao Xiao, Kezhang Qin, Jinsheng Ji, and Xingke Yang (2004): Types, geological features and geodynamic significances of gold-copper deposits in the Kanggurtag metallogenic belt, eastern Tianshan, NW China. International Journal of Earth Sciences 93, 224-240.
Jingwen Mao, Goldfarb, R.J., Yitian Wang, Hart, C.J., Zhiliang Wang, and Jianmin Yang (2005): Late Paleozoic base and precious metal deposits, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, China: Characteristics and geodynamic setting. Episodes 28(1), 23-36.
Chunming Han, Wenjiao Xiao, Guochun Zhao, Jingwen Mao, Sanzhong Li, Zhen Yan, and Qigui Mao (2006): Major types, characteristics and geodynamic mechanism of Upper Paleozoic copper deposits in northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. Ore Geology Reviews 28, 308-328.
Zhuangzhi Qian, Tao Sun, Zhongli Tang, Changyi Jiang, Ke He, Mingzhe Xia, and Jianzhong Wang (2009): Platinum-group elements geochemistry and its significances of the Huangshandong Ni-Cu sulfide deposit, East Tianshan, China. Geological Review 55(6), 873-884 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Peiqing Hu, Liye Ren, Piao'er Fu, Mingjie Zhang, Xiaoya Li, and Hongyi Qin (2010): Petrogenetic and ore-forming processes of Huangshandong Cu-Ni sulfide deposit in Hami, Xinjiang. Mineral Deposits 29(1), 158-168 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Quick NavTopMineral ListGeochronologyOther RegionsReferences
 
and/or  
Mindat Discussions Facebook Logo Instagram Logo Discord Logo
Mindat.org is an outreach project of the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization.
Copyright © mindat.org and the Hudson Institute of Mineralogy 1993-2024, except where stated. Most political location boundaries are Β© OpenStreetMap contributors. Mindat.org relies on the contributions of thousands of members and supporters. Founded in 2000 by Jolyon Ralph.
Privacy Policy - Terms & Conditions - Contact Us / DMCA issues - Report a bug/vulnerability Current server date and time: May 9, 2024 18:30:02 Page updated: March 24, 2024 18:17:53
Go to top of page