Magnesioferrite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Magnesioferrite
Formula:
MgFe3+2O4
Colour:
Black, grey in reflected light.
Lustre:
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Hardness:
5½ - 6½
Specific Gravity:
4.56 - 4.65
Crystal System:
Isometric
Member of:
Name:
In allusion to its composition, containing both MAGNESIum and iron (Latin = FERRum).
Dimorph of:
Isostructural with:
Magnesioferrite-Magnetite Series.
Strongly magnetic. Visually indistinguishable from magnetite and other dark spinel-group species.
Strongly magnetic. Visually indistinguishable from magnetite and other dark spinel-group species.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2501
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2501:6
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
76e170a4-9429-47d5-ba56-28f10bbe869d
IMA Classification of Magnesioferrite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Magnesioferrite
4.BB.05
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
B : Metal: Oxygen = 3:4 and similar
B : With only medium-sized cations
7.2.2.1
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7 : MULTIPLE OXIDES
2 : AB2X4
7.20.11
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
7 : Oxides and Hydroxides
20 : Oxides of Fe
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mfr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Mfr | Whitney & Evans (2010) | Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371 |
Physical Properties of Magnesioferrite
Metallic, Sub-Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Black, grey in reflected light.
Streak:
Dark red
Hardness:
5½ - 6½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Reported on {111} but is probably parting.
Reported on {111} but is probably parting.
Parting:
On {111}.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
4.56 - 4.65 g/cm3 (Measured) 4.51 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Magnesioferrite
Type:
Isotropic
Chemistry of Magnesioferrite
Mindat Formula:
MgFe3+2O4
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Magnesioferrite
Crystal System:
Isometric
Class (H-M):
m3m (4/m 3 2/m) - Hexoctahedral
Space Group:
Fd3m
Cell Parameters:
a = 8.3866 Å
Unit Cell V:
589.87 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
8
Morphology:
Rare crystals usually octahedral; less often with modifying {001} or {hhl}. Massive.
Twinning:
Common on {111}.
Comment:
Unit-cell parameter a may be as low as 8.375 Å.
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0001484 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 673 | ||
0001485 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 723 | ||
0001486 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 773 | ||
0001487 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 773 | ||
0001488 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 823 | ||
0001489 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 873 | ||
0001490 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 923 | ||
0001491 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 923 | ||
0001492 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 973 | ||
0001493 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0001494 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0001495 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1073 | ||
0001496 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1123 | ||
0001497 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0001498 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0001499 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0001500 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0001501 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1273 | ||
0001502 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1323 | ||
0001503 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1373 | ||
0001504 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1423 | ||
0001505 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1473 | ||
0001506 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 673 | ||
0001507 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 723 | ||
0001508 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 773 | ||
0001509 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 773 | ||
0001510 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 823 | ||
0001511 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 873 | ||
0001512 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 923 | ||
0001513 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 923 | ||
0001514 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 973 | ||
0001515 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0001516 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1023 | ||
0001517 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1073 | ||
0001518 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1123 | ||
0001519 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0001520 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1173 | ||
0001521 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0001522 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1223 | ||
0001523 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1273 | ||
0001524 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1323 | ||
0001525 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1373 | ||
0001526 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1423 | ||
0001527 | Magnesioferrite | O'Neill H St C, Annersten H, Virgo D (1992) The temperature dependence of the cation distribution in magnesioferrite (MgFe2O4) from powder XRD structural refinements and Mossbauer spectroscopy American Mineralogist 77 725-740 | 1992 | 0 | 1473 | ||
0003675 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 301 | ||
0003676 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 320 | ||
0003677 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 378 | ||
0003678 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 416 | ||
0003679 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 473 | ||
0003680 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 530 | ||
0003681 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 568 | ||
0003682 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 626 | ||
0003683 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 683 | ||
0003684 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 721 | ||
0003685 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 778 | ||
0003686 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 816 | ||
0003687 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 835 | ||
0003688 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 854 | ||
0003689 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 874 | ||
0003690 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 931 | ||
0003691 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 969 | ||
0003692 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1026 | ||
0003693 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1064 | ||
0003694 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1121 | ||
0003695 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1179 | ||
0003696 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1217 | ||
0003697 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1255 | ||
0003698 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1236 | ||
0003699 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1217 | ||
0003700 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1179 | ||
0003701 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1121 | ||
0003702 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1064 | ||
0003703 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 1026 | ||
0003704 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 988 | ||
0003705 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 969 | ||
0003706 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 931 | ||
0003707 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 874 | ||
0003708 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 835 | ||
0003709 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 816 | ||
0003710 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 778 | ||
0003711 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 721 | ||
0003712 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 683 | ||
0003713 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 626 | ||
0003714 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 568 | ||
0003715 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 530 | ||
0003716 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 473 | ||
0003717 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 416 | ||
0003718 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 378 | ||
0003719 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Parise J B (2005) Cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, to 982 C using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction American Mineralogist 90 219-228 | 2005 | 0 | 320 | ||
0003892 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003893 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003894 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003895 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003896 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003897 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003898 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003899 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 6 | 293 | ||
0003900 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 5 | 293 | ||
0003901 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 5 | 293 | ||
0003902 | Magnesioferrite | Antao S M, Hassan I, Crichton W A, Parise J B (2005) Effects of high pressure and high temperature on cation ordering in magnesioferrite, MgFe2O4, using in situ synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction up to 1430 K and 6 GPa American Mineralogist 90 1500-1505 | 2005 | 5 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
4.84 Å | (4) |
2.96 Å | (40) |
2.525 Å | (100) |
2.418 Å | (2) |
2.094 Å | (25) |
1.709 Å | (14) |
1.612 Å | (30) |
1.481 Å | (35) |
1.324 Å | (6) |
1.277 Å | (8) |
1.208 Å | (2) |
1.119 Å | (4) |
1.090 Å | (12) |
1.047 Å | (6) |
0.987 Å | (4) |
0.967 Å | (8) |
0.936 Å | (2) |
0.893 Å | (1) |
0.878 Å | (6) |
0.855 Å | (10) |
0.821 Å | (4) |
0.810 Å | (8) |
Comments:
ICDD 17-464
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations | |
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
36 : Carbonatites, kimberlites, and related igneous rocks | |
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals] | |
Stage 10a: Neoproterozoic oxygenation/terrestrial biosphere | <0.6 |
50 : Coal and/or oil shale minerals | <0.36 |
51 : Pyrometamorphic minerals (see also #54 and #56) | <0.36 |
Stage 10b: Anthropogenic minerals | <10 Ka |
54 : Coal and other mine fire minerals (see also #51 and #56) |
Type Occurrence of Magnesioferrite
Synonyms of Magnesioferrite
Other Language Names for Magnesioferrite
Russian:Магнезиоферрит
Spanish:Magnesioferrita
Relationship of Magnesioferrite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of this group:
Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cochromite | CoCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 | Tet. 4 2m : P4m2 |
Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 | Iso. |
Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Jacobsite-Q | Mn2+(Fe3+,Mn3+)2O4 | Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : I41/amd |
Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P41 3 2 |
Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) |
Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Spinel | MgAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 | Iso. 4 3 2 : P43 3 2 |
Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
UM1994-06-O:AlCo | CoAl2O4 | |
Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 | Iso. m3m (4/m 3 2/m) : Fd3m |
Forms a series with:
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
13 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Calcite | CaCO3 |
11 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Sahlinite | Pb14(AsO4)2O9Cl4 |
8 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Hematite | Fe2O3 |
6 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Litharge | PbO |
6 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Dolomite | CaMg(CO3)2 |
5 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Aragonite | CaCO3 |
4 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Srebrodolskite | Ca2Fe3+2O5 |
4 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Fluorellestadite | Ca5(SiO4)1.5(SO4)1.5F |
3 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Schäferite | (NaCa2)Mg2(VO4)3 |
3 photos of Magnesioferrite associated with Forsterite | Mg2SiO4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
4.BB. | Elgoresyite | (Mg5Si2)O9 |
4.BB. | Chenmingite | FeCr2O4 |
4.BB. | Dellagiustaite | V2+Al2O4 |
4.BB. | Thermaerogenite | CuAl2O4 |
4.BB. | Chukochenite | LiAl5O8 |
4.BB. | Garpenbergite | Mn6◻AsSbO10(OH)2 |
4.BB. | Magnéliite | Ti3+2Ti4+2O7 |
4.BB. | Jianmuite | ZrTi4+Ti3+5Al3O16 |
4.BB.05 | Chromite | Fe2+Cr3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Cochromite | CoCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Coulsonite | Fe2+V3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Cuprospinel | Cu2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Filipstadite | (Fe3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mn2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Franklinite | Zn2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Galaxite | Mn2+Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Hercynite | Fe2+Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Jacobsite | Mn2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Manganochromite | Mn2+Cr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiocoulsonite | MgV2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnesiochromite | MgCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Magnetite | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Nichromite | (Ni,Co,Fe)(Cr,Fe,Al)2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Qandilite | (Mg,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+,Al)O4 |
4.BB.05 | Spinel | MgAl2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Trevorite | Ni2+Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Ulvöspinel | TiFe2+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Vuorelainenite | Mn2+V3+2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Zincochromite | ZnCr2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Harmunite | CaFe2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Wernerkrauseite | Ca(Fe3+,Mn3+)2Mn4+O6 |
4.BB.05 | Deltalumite | (Al0.67◻0.33)Al2O4 |
4.BB.05 | Guite | Co2+Co3+2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Hausmannite | Mn2+Mn3+2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Hetaerolite | ZnMn2O4 |
4.BB.10 | Manganostibite | (Mn,Fe)7SbAsO12 |
4.BB.15 | Maghemite | (Fe3+0.67◻0.33)Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.15 | Titanomaghemite | (Ti4+0.5◻0.5)Fe3+2O4 |
4.BB.20 | Tegengrenite | (Mn3+0.5Sb5+0.5)Mg2O4 |
4.BB.25 | Xieite | Fe2+Cr2O4 |
4.BB.30 | Carmeltazite | ZrAl2Ti4O11 |
4.BB.35 | Feiite | Fe2+2(Fe2+Ti4+)O5 |
4.BB.40 | Maohokite | MgFe2O4 |
4.BB.45 | Tschaunerite | (Fe2+)(Fe2+Ti4+)O4 |
Other Information
Magnetism:
Ferromagnetic
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Magnesioferrite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2501.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Magnesioferrite
Localities for Magnesioferrite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Afghanistan | |
| Merkel et al. (2013) |
Austria | |
| Niedermayr et al. (1995) |
| Kolitsch et al. (2009) |
| Postl et al. (2011) |
| "Aus der Tiefe der Vulkane" (2011) |
Bangladesh | |
| Uddin et al. (2022) |
Bolivia | |
| Alfredo Petrov collection. XRD by Dr. Jaroslav Hyrsl (Karlovy University, Prague) +1 other reference |
Brazil | |
| Kaminsky et al. (2023) |
Kaminsky et al. (2015) +1 other reference | |
Canada | |
| Arma et al. (1985) |
| GOLD et al. (1986) |
| Geological Association of Canada (2014) |
China | |
| Kuiren Wang (1987) |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1998) +2 other references |
Yiming Zhao and Daxin Li (2003) | |
| Jing Sun et al. (2009) |
| Jianmin Zheng et al. (2007) |
| Hongrui Fan et al. (2002) |
| Chen et al. (2018) |
| Yiming Zhao et al. (1998) |
Czech Republic | |
| Dalibor Matýsek |
| Hršelová et al. (2013) |
| Řehoř M |
| Řehoř M |
| Žáček V |
| Řehoř M |
| Žáček V. +1 other reference |
France | |
| Eytier J.R. & Ch. et al. (2004) |
| Dill (2008) |
Georgia | |
| Środek et al. (2018) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| Ko Jansen |
| Skrzyńska et al. (2023) |
| Blass et al. (VIII) |
Hand Egon Künzel et al. (2011) +1 other reference | |
| Blaß et al. (1999) |
Sharygin (2012) | |
Galuskin et al. (2016) | |
in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
in the collection of Christof Schäfer | |
| Blaß et al. (2014) |
| Christof Schäfer collectio |
| Ramdohr (1972) |
| T. Witzke & F. Rüger: Lapis 1998 (7/8) |
Greenland | |
| Uitterdijk Appel (1997) |
Hungary | |
| Szakáll et al. (2018) |
Israel | |
| Galuskin et al. (2015) |
Sharygin et al. (2008) | |
Britvin et al. (2021) +1 other reference | |
Arkadiusz Krzątała et al. (2018) +1 other reference | |
Galuskin et al. (2016) +1 other reference | |
Krzątała et al. (2023) | |
Sharygin +7 other references | |
Sokol et al. (2015) | |
Galuskin et al. (2016) | |
Italy | |
| AA. VV. |
www.gmgn.it (n.d.) | |
| Rammelsberg (1858) |
| Russo (1983) +2 other references |
Pelloux (1927) +1 other reference | |
| Lacalamita et al. (2016) |
| AA. VV. |
| Bachechi et al. (1966 a) +1 other reference |
| AA. VV. |
| AA. VV. |
MONTRASIO A. et al. (1996) | |
Campostrini et al. (2011) | |
| Stoppa F. |
| Sharygin probeb |
Japan | |
| Nagata (1982) |
Jordan | |
| Vapnik et al. (2019) |
Galuskina et al. (2019) | |
Kenya | |
| A. N. Zaitsev et al. (2013) |
| Waweru (2020) |
Middle East | |
Gross (1977) | |
Netherlands | |
| De Wit et al. (2003) |
Norway | |
| Jøsang (1966) |
Oman | |
| Rajendran et al. (2014) |
Pacific Ocean | |
| Peretyazhko et al. (2022) |
Palestine | |
| Galuskina et al. (2014) +1 other reference |
Poland | |
| Włodyka et al. (2015) |
| Kruszewski et al. (2012) |
| Sachanbiński et al. 2000: Heavy ... |
| Ł. Kruszewski EPMA/PXRD data +1 other reference |
| Pierwoła |
| Ciesielczuk et al. (2014) |
| Kruszewski et al. (2012) |
| Ł. Kruszewski PXRD and EPMA data |
| Koszowska E. |
Russia | |
| Sharygin (2015) |
Zateeva et al. (2007) | |
Maksimova et al. (2019) | |
Cesnokov et al. (1998) | |
Pekov (1998) | |
| Cesnokov et al. (1998) |
| Joe Cilen |
| Mazurov et al. (2007) |
| Galuskina et al. (2010) |
Galuskina et al. (2013) | |
| Sandalov et al. (2023) |
| Pekov et al. (2022) +1 other reference |
| Shchipalkina et al. (2020) |
Pekov et al. (2018) | |
| Sharygin et al. (2018) +1 other reference |
| Lennikov et al. (2004) |
| Kokh et al. (2023) |
| Prokopyev +4 other references |
| Grant et al. (2001) |
| Mikhailov et al. (2021) |
| Sachkov et al. (2018) |
Slovakia | |
| Duda et. all. |
Ďuďa R. (2001) | |
| Ďuďa |
South Africa | |
| Giuliani et al. (2012) |
Spain | |
| González-Pérez et al. (2021) |
| Geological Museum of Malaga |
Sweden | |
| Holtstam et al. (1999) |
Ek (2003) +1 other reference | |
| Holtstam et al. (1995) |
Tanzania | |
| Zaitsev (2010) |
Mitchell et al. (2021) | |
Ukraine | |
| Semenenko et al. (1986) |
USA | |
| Ralph Leroy Erickson and Lawrence Vernon Blade (1963) +1 other reference |
| Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 150. +1 other reference |
| Murdoch (1966) |
| Hon |
| Macdonald et al. (1960) +1 other reference |
| Ream (2004) |
| Roadcap et al. (2005) |
| Northrop et al. (1996) |
| U.S Department Of Commerce +1 other reference |
| Smithsonian Institution Mineral ... |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| - (2005) |
- (2005) | |
| - (2005) |
| Staargaard (2009) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Dietrich (1990) |
| Frank K. Mazdab collection +2 other references |
| AmMin 72:137 |
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Nickenicher Sattel, Nickenich, Pellenz, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany