Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norwayi
Regional Level Types | |
---|---|
Birkeland mines (Sauda mines) | Group of Mines |
Sauda | Municipality |
Rogaland | County |
Norway | Country |
This page is currently not sponsored. Click here to sponsor this page.
Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
59° 39' 8'' North , 6° 28' 1'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Mines
Deposit first discovered:
1881
Age:
1600 to 1000 Ma
Geologic Time:
Reference for age:
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore Database. 1135 - 001, Sauda
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
Place | Population | Distance |
---|---|---|
Sauda | 4,290 (2017) | 6.3km |
Røldal | 357 (2013) | 28.0km |
Dimmelsvik | 225 (2013) | 43.2km |
Rosendal | 945 (2014) | 45.0km |
Odda | 5,359 (2010) | 46.5km |
Mindat Locality ID:
32849
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:32849:5
GUID (UUID V4):
894008c3-7cf2-4407-8d1b-744f59eeb669
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Sauda Sinkgruver, Sinkgruvene i Almannajuvet)
Other Languages:
Norwegian:
Birkeland sinkgruver, Sauda, Rogaland, Norge
Old Zn-mines located in Allmannajuvet, along the RV 520 between Sauda og Hellandsbygd. The zinc deposit was discovered by Gregorius Birkeland in 1881, and mining started the same year by Sauda Grubecompani. In 1887 the mine was sold to the english firm The Norwegian Zink Co. Ltd. Later it was worked by a certain C. D. Gilbert. The mines was closed in 1889. The adits and workings listed as sub-localities are probably not complete
Old reports (Horneman, 1919) state that during this period 12 000 t ore was mined with 36.6 % Zn, and ore left in 1919 contains on average 32.5 % Zn and 1 % Cu. The ore is hosted by fine-grained grey gneisses, which most likely represent altered felsic volcanic rocks. The ore consists of three parallel lenses, which is up to 3 m thick. The richest part of the ore zone consists of sphalerite with chlorite, quartz and amphibole as gangue, surrounded by a zone of amphibole-quartz-chlorite-biotite rock, partly garnet-bearing and with disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. This zone is surrounded by cherty quartzite, which in the footwall is very rich in garnet.
Today it is a tourist attraction owned by the Ryfylkemuseet. For information on the museum: see http://www.ryfylkemuseet.no
Select Mineral List Type
Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical ElementsMineral List
Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities32 valid minerals.
Rock Types Recorded
Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!
Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities
Select Rock List Type
Alphabetical List Tree DiagramDetailed Mineral List:
ⓘ Actinolite Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup' Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 Localities: References: |
ⓘ Arsenopyrite Formula: FeAsS |
ⓘ 'Biotite' Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 Localities: References: |
ⓘ Boyleite Formula: (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
ⓘ Calcite Formula: CaCO3 |
ⓘ Chalcanthite Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O |
ⓘ Chalcopyrite Formula: CuFeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region. |
ⓘ 'Chlorite Group' Localities: |
ⓘ Cordierite Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
ⓘ Cubanite Formula: CuFe2S3 |
ⓘ Cummingtonite Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group' |
ⓘ Fluorite Formula: CaF2 |
ⓘ Gahnite Formula: ZnAl2O4 Habit: Roundish, up to 0,5 cm wide grains Colour: Dark green Description: Identified at the Natural History Museum, Oslo in 1989 [Pers. Com. Inge Bryhni 1993]. A major constituent of a cummingtonite-gahnite rock. References: |
ⓘ Galena Formula: PbS Localities: |
ⓘ 'Garnet Group' Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3 Localities: References: |
ⓘ Glaucocerinite Formula: (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O Description: in mixtures with woodwardite References: |
ⓘ Goethite Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH) |
ⓘ Gypsum Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O Habit: acicular or slender prismatic crystals up to 0,5 cm long Description: Found in the walls in the mine |
ⓘ Hydrozincite Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 Description: As a blue-green crust found in the wall in the mine. (Color due to contains of Cu) |
ⓘ Löllingite Formula: FeAs2 |
ⓘ Mackinawite Formula: FeS |
ⓘ Magnetite Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4 References: |
ⓘ Molybdenite Formula: MoS2 |
ⓘ Petrukite Formula: (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 References: |
ⓘ Phlogopite Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 References: |
ⓘ Pyrite Formula: FeS2 Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region. References: |
ⓘ Pyrrhotite Formula: Fe1-xS Localities: |
ⓘ Quartz Formula: SiO2 Localities: Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norway Skaret, Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norway Stoll 2 (Hornemann Adit), Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norway Samson, Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norway Gilbertgangen, Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norway References: |
ⓘ Scorodite Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O Habit: earth-like aggregate Colour: yellow-green Description: Identified by XRD |
ⓘ Sillimanite Formula: Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ Sphalerite Formula: ZnS Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region. |
ⓘ Stannite ? Formula: Cu2FeSnS4 |
ⓘ Staurolite Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
ⓘ 'Stilbite Subgroup' Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
ⓘ Thénardite Formula: Na2SO4 Habit: crust on floor in mine Colour: white Description: Found as a post-mining mineral References: |
ⓘ Woodwardite Formula: Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Gallery:
List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts | |||
---|---|---|---|
ⓘ | Sphalerite | 2.CB.05a | ZnS |
ⓘ | Chalcopyrite | 2.CB.10a | CuFeS2 |
ⓘ | Stannite ? | 2.CB.15a | Cu2FeSnS4 |
ⓘ | Cubanite | 2.CB.55a | CuFe2S3 |
ⓘ | Pyrrhotite | 2.CC.10 | Fe1-xS |
ⓘ | Mackinawite | 2.CC.25 | FeS |
ⓘ | Galena | 2.CD.10 | PbS |
ⓘ | Molybdenite | 2.EA.30 | MoS2 |
ⓘ | Pyrite | 2.EB.05a | FeS2 |
ⓘ | Löllingite | 2.EB.15a | FeAs2 |
ⓘ | Arsenopyrite | 2.EB.20 | FeAsS |
ⓘ | Petrukite | 2.KA.05 | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Group 3 - Halides | |||
ⓘ | Fluorite | 3.AB.25 | CaF2 |
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides | |||
ⓘ | Goethite | 4.00. | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
ⓘ | Magnetite | 4.BB.05 | Fe2+Fe3+2O4 |
ⓘ | Gahnite | 4.BB.05 | ZnAl2O4 |
ⓘ | Quartz | 4.DA.05 | SiO2 |
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates | |||
ⓘ | Calcite | 5.AB.05 | CaCO3 |
ⓘ | Hydrozincite | 5.BA.15 | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates | |||
ⓘ | Thénardite | 7.AD.25 | Na2SO4 |
ⓘ | Boyleite | 7.CB.15 | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
ⓘ | Chalcanthite | 7.CB.20 | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
ⓘ | Gypsum | 7.CD.40 | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
ⓘ | Glaucocerinite | 7.DD.35 | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
ⓘ | Woodwardite | 7.DD.35 | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates | |||
ⓘ | Scorodite | 8.CD.10 | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
Group 9 - Silicates | |||
ⓘ | Sillimanite | 9.AF.05 | Al2(SiO4)O |
ⓘ | Staurolite | 9.AF.30 | Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH) |
ⓘ | Cordierite | 9.CJ.10 | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
ⓘ | Cummingtonite | 9.DE.05 | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Actinolite | 9.DE.10 | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
ⓘ | Phlogopite | 9.EC.20 | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Unclassified | |||
ⓘ | 'Amphibole Supergroup' | - | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
ⓘ | 'Feldspar Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Stilbite Subgroup' | - | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
ⓘ | 'Chlorite Group' | - | |
ⓘ | 'Biotite' | - | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
ⓘ | 'Garnet Group' | - | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
List of minerals for each chemical element
H | Hydrogen | |
---|---|---|
H | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
H | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
H | ⓘ Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
H | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
H | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
H | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
H | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
H | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
H | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
H | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
H | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
H | ⓘ Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
C | Carbon | |
C | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
C | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
O | Oxygen | |
O | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
O | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
O | ⓘ Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
O | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
O | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
O | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
O | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
O | ⓘ Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
O | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
O | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
O | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
O | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
O | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
O | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
O | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
O | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
O | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
O | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
O | ⓘ Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
O | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
F | Fluorine | |
F | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
F | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
F | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
Na | Sodium | |
Na | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
Mg | Magnesium | |
Mg | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
Mg | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Mg | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Mg | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | Aluminium | |
Al | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Al | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Al | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Al | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Al | ⓘ Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Al | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Al | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Al | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Al | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Al | ⓘ Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Si | Silicon | |
Si | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Si | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Si | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Si | ⓘ Cummingtonite | ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Si | ⓘ Quartz | SiO2 |
Si | ⓘ Sillimanite | Al2(SiO4)O |
Si | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Si | ⓘ Stilbite Subgroup | M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O |
Si | ⓘ Garnet Group | X3Z2(SiO4)3 |
S | Sulfur | |
S | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
S | ⓘ Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
S | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
S | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
S | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
S | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
S | ⓘ Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
S | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
S | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
S | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
S | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
S | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
S | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
S | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
S | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
S | ⓘ Thénardite | Na2SO4 |
S | ⓘ Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Cl | Chlorine | |
Cl | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
K | Potassium | |
K | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
K | ⓘ Phlogopite | KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 |
Ca | Calcium | |
Ca | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Ca | ⓘ Calcite | CaCO3 |
Ca | ⓘ Fluorite | CaF2 |
Ca | ⓘ Gypsum | CaSO4 · 2H2O |
Ti | Titanium | |
Ti | ⓘ Amphibole Supergroup | AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2 |
Ti | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | Iron | |
Fe | ⓘ Actinolite | ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
Fe | ⓘ Biotite | K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 |
Fe | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Cordierite | (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18) |
Fe | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Fe | ⓘ Goethite | α-Fe3+O(OH) |
Fe | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
Fe | ⓘ Mackinawite | FeS |
Fe | ⓘ Magnetite | Fe2+Fe23+O4 |
Fe | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrite | FeS2 |
Fe | ⓘ Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
Fe | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
Fe | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Fe | ⓘ Staurolite | Fe22+Al9Si4O23(OH) |
Cu | Copper | |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
Cu | ⓘ Chalcanthite | CuSO4 · 5H2O |
Cu | ⓘ Cubanite | CuFe2S3 |
Cu | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Cu | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Cu | ⓘ Woodwardite | Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Zn | Zinc | |
Zn | ⓘ Boyleite | (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O |
Zn | ⓘ Gahnite | ZnAl2O4 |
Zn | ⓘ Glaucocerinite | (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O |
Zn | ⓘ Hydrozincite | Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 |
Zn | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Zn | ⓘ Sphalerite | ZnS |
As | Arsenic | |
As | ⓘ Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
As | ⓘ Löllingite | FeAs2 |
As | ⓘ Scorodite | Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O |
Mo | Molybdenum | |
Mo | ⓘ Molybdenite | MoS2 |
Ag | Silver | |
Ag | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
In | Indium | |
In | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Sn | Tin | |
Sn | ⓘ Petrukite | (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 |
Sn | ⓘ Stannite | Cu2FeSnS4 |
Pb | Lead | |
Pb | ⓘ Galena | PbS |
Localities in this Region
- Rogaland
- Sauda
- Birkeland mines (Sauda mines)
- Sauda
- Rogaland
- Sauda
- Birkeland mines (Sauda mines)
- Sauda
Other Regions, Features and Areas containing this locality
This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to
visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders
for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
Birkeland mines, Sauda, Rogaland, Norway