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Birkeland mines (Sauda mines), Sauda, Rogaland, Norwayi
Regional Level Types
Birkeland mines (Sauda mines)Group of Mines
SaudaMunicipality
RogalandCounty
NorwayCountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
59° 39' 8'' North , 6° 28' 1'' East
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
Type:
Group of Mines
Deposit first discovered:
1881
Age:
1600 to 1000 Ma
Geologic Time:
Reference for age:
Geological Survey of Norway. The Ore Database. 1135 - 001, Sauda
Köppen climate type:
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Sauda4,290 (2017)6.3km
Røldal357 (2013)28.0km
Dimmelsvik225 (2013)43.2km
Rosendal945 (2014)45.0km
Odda5,359 (2010)46.5km
Mindat Locality ID:
32849
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:32849:5
GUID (UUID V4):
894008c3-7cf2-4407-8d1b-744f59eeb669
Other/historical names associated with this locality:
Sauda Sinkgruver, Sinkgruvene i Almannajuvet)
Other Languages:
Norwegian:
Birkeland sinkgruver, Sauda, Rogaland, Norge


Old Zn-mines located in Allmannajuvet, along the RV 520 between Sauda og Hellandsbygd. The zinc deposit was discovered by Gregorius Birkeland in 1881, and mining started the same year by Sauda Grubecompani. In 1887 the mine was sold to the english firm The Norwegian Zink Co. Ltd. Later it was worked by a certain C. D. Gilbert. The mines was closed in 1889. The adits and workings listed as sub-localities are probably not complete

Old reports (Horneman, 1919) state that during this period 12 000 t ore was mined with 36.6 % Zn, and ore left in 1919 contains on average 32.5 % Zn and 1 % Cu. The ore is hosted by fine-grained grey gneisses, which most likely represent altered felsic volcanic rocks. The ore consists of three parallel lenses, which is up to 3 m thick. The richest part of the ore zone consists of sphalerite with chlorite, quartz and amphibole as gangue, surrounded by a zone of amphibole-quartz-chlorite-biotite rock, partly garnet-bearing and with disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite and sphalerite. This zone is surrounded by cherty quartzite, which in the footwall is very rich in garnet.

Today it is a tourist attraction owned by the Ryfylkemuseet. For information on the museum: see http://www.ryfylkemuseet.no

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

32 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

Actinolite
Formula: ◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
References:
Arsenopyrite
Formula: FeAsS
'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
References:
Boyleite
Formula: (Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Chalcanthite
Formula: CuSO4 · 5H2O
Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 9 localities in this region.
'Chlorite Group'
Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Cubanite
Formula: CuFe2S3
Cummingtonite
Formula: ◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
'Feldspar Group'
Fluorite
Formula: CaF2
Gahnite
Formula: ZnAl2O4
Habit: Roundish, up to 0,5 cm wide grains
Colour: Dark green
Description: Identified at the Natural History Museum, Oslo in 1989 [Pers. Com. Inge Bryhni 1993]. A major constituent of a cummingtonite-gahnite rock.
Galena
Formula: PbS
'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
References:
Glaucocerinite
Formula: (Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
Description: in mixtures with woodwardite
Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
Habit: acicular or slender prismatic crystals up to 0,5 cm long
Description: Found in the walls in the mine
Hydrozincite
Formula: Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Description: As a blue-green crust found in the wall in the mine. (Color due to contains of Cu)
Löllingite
Formula: FeAs2
Mackinawite
Formula: FeS
Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
References:
Molybdenite
Formula: MoS2
Petrukite
Formula: (Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Phlogopite
Formula: KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Localities: Reported from at least 8 localities in this region.
References:
Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Scorodite
Formula: Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Habit: earth-like aggregate
Colour: yellow-green
Description: Identified by XRD
Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
Localities: Reported from at least 10 localities in this region.
Stannite ?
Formula: Cu2FeSnS4
Staurolite
Formula: Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
'Stilbite Subgroup'
Formula: M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
Habit: crust on floor in mine
Colour: white
Description: Found as a post-mining mineral
Woodwardite
Formula: Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
Sphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
Chalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
Stannite ?2.CB.15aCu2FeSnS4
Cubanite2.CB.55aCuFe2S3
Pyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Mackinawite2.CC.25FeS
Galena2.CD.10PbS
Molybdenite2.EA.30MoS2
Pyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
Löllingite2.EB.15aFeAs2
Arsenopyrite2.EB.20FeAsS
Petrukite2.KA.05(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Group 3 - Halides
Fluorite3.AB.25CaF2
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
Goethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
Magnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Gahnite4.BB.05ZnAl2O4
Quartz4.DA.05SiO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
Calcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Hydrozincite5.BA.15Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
Thénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
Boyleite7.CB.15(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
Chalcanthite7.CB.20CuSO4 · 5H2O
Gypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
Glaucocerinite7.DD.35(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
Woodwardite7.DD.35Cu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
Scorodite8.CD.10Fe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
Sillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
Staurolite9.AF.30Fe2+2Al9Si4O23(OH)
Cordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Cummingtonite9.DE.05◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Actinolite9.DE.10◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Phlogopite9.EC.20KMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Unclassified
'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
'Feldspar Group'-
'Stilbite Subgroup'-M6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
'Chlorite Group'-
'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
H Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
H Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
H BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
H Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
H ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
H Cummingtonite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
H Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
H Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
H GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
H HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
H PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
H ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
H StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
H Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
H WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
CCarbon
C CalciteCaCO3
C HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
OOxygen
O Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
O Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
O BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
O Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
O CalciteCaCO3
O ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
O Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
O Cummingtonite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
O GahniteZnAl2O4
O Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
O Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
O GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
O HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
O MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
O PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
O QuartzSiO2
O ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
O SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
O StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
O Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
O ThénarditeNa2SO4
O WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
O Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
FFluorine
F Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
F BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
F FluoriteCaF2
NaSodium
Na ThénarditeNa2SO4
MgMagnesium
Mg Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Mg BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Mg Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
Mg Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mg Cummingtonite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Mg PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
AlAluminium
Al Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Al BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Al Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Al GahniteZnAl2O4
Al Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
Al PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Al SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Al StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Al Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Al WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
SiSilicon
Si Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Si Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Si BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Si Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Si Cummingtonite◻{Mg2}{Mg5}(Si8O22)(OH)2
Si PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Si QuartzSiO2
Si SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Si StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
Si Stilbite SubgroupM6-7[Al8-9Si27-28O72] · nH2O
Si Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
SSulfur
S ArsenopyriteFeAsS
S Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
S ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
S ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
S CubaniteCuFe2S3
S GalenaPbS
S Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
S GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
S MackinawiteFeS
S MolybdeniteMoS2
S Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
S PyriteFeS2
S PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
S SphaleriteZnS
S StanniteCu2FeSnS4
S ThénarditeNa2SO4
S WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
ClChlorine
Cl Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
KPotassium
K BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
K PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
CaCalcium
Ca Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Ca CalciteCaCO3
Ca FluoriteCaF2
Ca GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
TiTitanium
Ti Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Ti BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
FeIron
Fe Actinolite◻Ca2(Mg4.5-2.5Fe0.5-2.5)Si8O22(OH)2
Fe ArsenopyriteFeAsS
Fe BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2
Fe ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Fe Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Fe CubaniteCuFe2S3
Fe Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Fe LöllingiteFeAs2
Fe MackinawiteFeS
Fe MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Fe Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Fe PyriteFeS2
Fe PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Fe ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
Fe StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Fe StauroliteFe22+Al9Si4O23(OH)
CuCopper
Cu ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Cu ChalcanthiteCuSO4 · 5H2O
Cu CubaniteCuFe2S3
Cu Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Cu StanniteCu2FeSnS4
Cu WoodwarditeCu1-xAlx(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
ZnZinc
Zn Boyleite(Zn,Mg)SO4 · 4H2O
Zn GahniteZnAl2O4
Zn Glaucocerinite(Zn1-xAlx)(OH)2(SO4)x/2 · nH2O
Zn HydrozinciteZn5(CO3)2(OH)6
Zn Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Zn SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
As ArsenopyriteFeAsS
As LöllingiteFeAs2
As ScoroditeFe3+AsO4 · 2H2O
MoMolybdenum
Mo MolybdeniteMoS2
AgSilver
Ag Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
InIndium
In Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
SnTin
Sn Petrukite(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4
Sn StanniteCu2FeSnS4
PbLead
Pb GalenaPbS

Localities in this Region

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This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.

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