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Interstate 99 Skytop roadcut, Skytop, State College, Centre County, Pennsylvania, USAi
Regional Level Types
Interstate 99 Skytop roadcutRoad Cutting
Skytop- not defined -
State College- not defined -
Centre CountyCounty
PennsylvaniaState
USACountry

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Latitude & Longitude (WGS84):
40° 50' North , 77° 58' West
Latitude & Longitude (decimal):
40.83333,-77.96667
GeoHash:
G#: dr283c6rk
GRN:
N28W43
Type:
Road Cutting
Köppen climate type:
Dfb : Warm-summer humid continental climate
Nearest Settlements:
PlacePopulationDistance
Julian152 (2017)4.1km
Park Forest Village9,660 (2017)5.1km
Stormstown2,366 (2017)6.1km
Toftrees2,053 (2017)7.2km
Port Matilda598 (2017)8.3km
Nearest Clubs:
Local clubs are the best way to get access to collecting localities
ClubLocationDistance
Nittany Mineralogical SocietyState College, Pennsylvania10km
Mindat Locality ID:
122930
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:2:122930:4
GUID (UUID V4):
ab9848ed-579c-4c94-84d8-52d77c9a2e13


First road cut along Interstate 99 at Skytop, in sandstone, revealing extensive pyrite vein mineralization with associated Pb-Zn minerals and a wide variety of secondaries. Crushed rocks quickly weathered to secondary sulfates giving the water a very acidic pH. Primary mineralization is pyrite with associated marcasite, sphalerite, and minor galena, chalcopyrite. Other non-metallic minerals are pinkish massive ankerite and baryte. REE phosphates have also been documented, monazite containing the lighter lanthanides as well a some thorium; xenotime-(Y) containing the heavier lanthanides as well as yttrium.

NOTE: Coordinates were generated based on highway, topographic and satellite imagery maps and place the location on center of the roadcut.

Smith (1977), p. 209) noted that A.V. Heyl (personal communication, 1972)reported P. D. Krynine's finding barite and galena in veinlets in the lower Tuscarora quartzite in this area. Smith himself reported major [>10%] amounts of finely crystalline pyrite and drusy quartzite in the Bald Eagle Sandstone. The bitter odor of the mineralization was noticable while driving by prior to the start of construction of I-99.

Select Mineral List Type

Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Mineral List


37 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Alunogen
Formula: Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
ⓘ Anglesite
Formula: PbSO4
ⓘ Ankerite
Formula: Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘ Baryte
Formula: BaSO4
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
ⓘ Cerussite
Formula: PbCO3
ⓘ Chalcopyrite
Formula: CuFeS2
ⓘ Copiapite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
ⓘ Epsomite
Formula: MgSO4 · 7H2O
ⓘ Ferrihydrite
Formula: Fe3+10O14(OH)2
ⓘ Galena
Formula: PbS
ⓘ Goethite
Formula: α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘ Greenockite ?
Formula: CdS
ⓘ Gypsum
Formula: CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Halotrichite
Formula: FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
ⓘ Hexahydrite
Formula: MgSO4 · 6H2O
ⓘ Jarosite
Formula: KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘ 'Limonite'
ⓘ Marcasite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Melanterite
Formula: Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
ⓘ Monazite-(Ce)
Formula: Ce(PO4)
ⓘ Nickelskutterudite ?
Formula: (Ni,Co,Fe)As3
ⓘ Pickeringite
Formula: MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
ⓘ Rozenite
Formula: FeSO4 · 4H2O
ⓘ Rutile
Formula: TiO2
ⓘ Schwertmannite
Formula: Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
ⓘ Sphalerite
Formula: ZnS
ⓘ Thénardite
Formula: Na2SO4
ⓘ Variscite
Formula: AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘ Wattevilleite
Formula: Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
ⓘ Wavellite
Formula: Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
ⓘ Woodhouseite
Formula: CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘ Xenotime-(Y) ?
Formula: Y(PO4)
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘSphalerite2.CB.05aZnS
ⓘChalcopyrite2.CB.10aCuFeS2
ⓘGreenockite ?2.CB.45CdS
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
ⓘGalena2.CD.10PbS
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘMarcasite2.EB.10aFeS2
ⓘNickelskutterudite ?2.EC.05(Ni,Co,Fe)As3
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘGoethite4.00.α-Fe3+O(OH)
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘRutile4.DB.05TiO2
ⓘFerrihydrite4.FE.35Fe3+10O14(OH)2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
ⓘAnkerite5.AB.10Ca(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
ⓘCerussite5.AB.15PbCO3
Group 7 - Sulphates, Chromates, Molybdates and Tungstates
ⓘThénardite7.AD.25Na2SO4
ⓘAnglesite7.AD.35PbSO4
ⓘBaryte7.AD.35BaSO4
ⓘJarosite7.BC.10KFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6
ⓘRozenite7.CB.15FeSO4 · 4H2O
ⓘHexahydrite7.CB.25MgSO4 · 6H2O
ⓘMelanterite7.CB.35Fe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
ⓘEpsomite7.CB.40MgSO4 · 7H2O
ⓘAlunogen7.CB.45Al2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
ⓘPickeringite7.CB.85MgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘHalotrichite7.CB.85FeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
ⓘWattevilleite7.CC.85Na2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
ⓘGypsum7.CD.40CaSO4 · 2H2O
ⓘCopiapite7.DB.35Fe2+Fe3+4(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
ⓘSchwertmannite7.DE.15Fe3+16(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘXenotime-(Y) ?8.AD.35Y(PO4)
ⓘMonazite-(Ce)8.AD.50Ce(PO4)
ⓘWoodhouseite8.BL.05CaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
ⓘVariscite8.CD.10AlPO4 · 2H2O
ⓘWavellite8.DC.50Al3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Unclassified
ⓘ'Limonite'-

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Hⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Hⓘ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Hⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Hⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Hⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Hⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Hⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Hⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Hⓘ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Hⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Hⓘ WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
Hⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Hⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Hⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
CCarbon
Cⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ CerussitePbCO3
OOxygen
Oⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Oⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Oⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Oⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Oⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Oⓘ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Oⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Oⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Oⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Oⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Oⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Oⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Oⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Oⓘ RutileTiO2
Oⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Oⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Oⓘ WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
Oⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Oⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Oⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
FFluorine
Fⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
NaSodium
Naⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Naⓘ WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Mgⓘ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Mgⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Mgⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
AlAluminium
Alⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Alⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Alⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Alⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Alⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
SiSilicon
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
Pⓘ VarisciteAlPO4 · 2H2O
Pⓘ WavelliteAl3(PO4)2(OH,F)3 · 5H2O
Pⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Pⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
SSulfur
Sⓘ AlunogenAl2(SO4)3 · 17H2O
Sⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Sⓘ BaryteBaSO4
Sⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Sⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Sⓘ EpsomiteMgSO4 · 7H2O
Sⓘ GalenaPbS
Sⓘ GreenockiteCdS
Sⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Sⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sⓘ HexahydriteMgSO4 · 6H2O
Sⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Sⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Sⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Sⓘ PickeringiteMgAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Sⓘ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Sⓘ SphaleriteZnS
Sⓘ ThénarditeNa2SO4
Sⓘ WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
Sⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
Sⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
KPotassium
Kⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
CaCalcium
Caⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ GypsumCaSO4 · 2H2O
Caⓘ WattevilleiteNa2Ca(SO4)2 · 4H2O (?)
Caⓘ WoodhouseiteCaAl3(PO4)(SO4)(OH)6
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ RutileTiO2
FeIron
Feⓘ AnkeriteCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)2
Feⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
Feⓘ CopiapiteFe2+Fe43+(SO4)6(OH)2 · 20H2O
Feⓘ FerrihydriteFe103+O14(OH)2
Feⓘ Goethiteα-Fe3+O(OH)
Feⓘ HalotrichiteFeAl2(SO4)4 · 22H2O
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ JarositeKFe33+(SO4)2(OH)6
Feⓘ MarcasiteFeS2
Feⓘ MelanteriteFe2+(H2O)6SO4 · H2O
Feⓘ Nickelskutterudite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
Feⓘ RozeniteFeSO4 · 4H2O
Feⓘ SchwertmanniteFe163+(OH,SO4)12-13O16 · 10-12H2O
CoCobalt
Coⓘ Nickelskutterudite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3
NiNickel
Niⓘ Nickelskutterudite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3
CuCopper
Cuⓘ ChalcopyriteCuFeS2
ZnZinc
Znⓘ SphaleriteZnS
AsArsenic
Asⓘ Nickelskutterudite(Ni,Co,Fe)As3
YYttrium
Yⓘ Xenotime-(Y)Y(PO4)
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
CdCadmium
Cdⓘ GreenockiteCdS
BaBarium
Baⓘ BaryteBaSO4
CeCerium
Ceⓘ Monazite-(Ce)Ce(PO4)
PbLead
Pbⓘ AnglesitePbSO4
Pbⓘ CerussitePbCO3
Pbⓘ GalenaPbS

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References

Pennsylvania Chapter of the Friends of Mineralogy Newsletter, 32 (1-2), 2-3 (see http://www.mindat.org/mesg-5-40798.html)
pubs.usgs.gov (n.d.) http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2005/1148/of2005-1148.pdf
Smith, R. C. II (1977) Zinc and lead occurrences in Pennsylvania. Mineral Resource Report M72. Pennsylvania Geological Survey
Hammarstrom, J.M., Brady, K., and Cravotta, C.A., III (2005) Acid-rock drainage at Skytop, Centre County, Pennsylvania, 2004. USGS Open-File Report 2005-1148
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