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The mineralogy of Polonium

About Polonium
Polonium has no stable isotopes and is only found in nature in trace amounts as a radioactive decay product in some radioactive minerals.
General Properties
Symbol:Po
Atomic Number:84
Standard atomic weight (Ar):[209]
Electron configuration:[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Photos
A thin film of polonium on a stainless-steel disk
Atomic Properties
Electronegativity (Pauling scale):2
Atomic Radius:135 pm
Ionic Radius:94 pm (+4)
1st Ionization energy:812 kJ/mol
1st Electron affinity:-183 kJ/mol
Oxidation States:-2,2,4,6
Physical Properties
Standard State:solid
Bonding Type:metallic
Melting Point:527 K
Boiling Point:1235 K
Density:9.2 g/cm3
Metal/Non-Metal:metalloid
Main isotopes of Polonium
Isotope% in NatureHalf LifeDecay typeDecay product
208Posynthetic2.898yα204Pb
208Bi
209Posynthetic125.2±3.3yα205Pb
β+209Bi
210Potrace138.376dα206Pb
Main ions of Polonium
NameIonExample minerals
polonium(II)Po2+
polonium(IV)Po4+
polonium(VI)Po6+
Other Information
Year Discovered:1898
Discovered By:
01994470014946602566254.jpg
Pierre Curie
03551780014946602566633.jpg
Marie Skłodowska Curie


Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Year Isolated:1902
Isolated By:Willy Marckwald
Named For:Poland, homeland of discoverer Marie Curie
CPK color coding:#AB5C00
External Links:WikipediaWebElementsLos Alamos National LaboratoryTheodore Gray's PeriodicTable.com
Simple Compounds
Hydridespolonium dihydridePoH2+2
Chloridespolonium dichloridePoCl2+2
polonium tetrachloridePoCl4+4
Bromidespolonium tetrabromidePoBr4+4
Iodidespolonium diiodidePoI2+2
polonium tetraiodidePoI4+4
Oxidespolonium dioxidePoO2+4
Geochemistry of Polonium
Goldschmidt classification:Chalcophile
Elemental Abundance for Polonium
Crust (CRC Handbook)2 x 10-16mass fraction, kg/kg
Sea Water (CRC Handbook)1.5 x 10-20mass per volume fraction, kg/L
Periodic Table
1H 2He
3Li 4Be 5B 6C 7N 8O 9F 10Ne
11Na 12Mg 13Al 14Si 15P 16S 17Cl 18Ar
19K 20Ca 21Sc 22Ti 23V 24Cr 25Mn 26Fe 27Co 28Ni 29Cu 30Zn 31Ga 32Ge 33As 34Se 35Br 36Kr
37Rb 38Sr 39Y 40Zr 41Nb 42Mo 43Tc 44Ru 45Rh 46Pd 47Ag 48Cd 49In 50Sn 51Sb 52Te 53I 54Xe
55Cs 56Ba 57La 72Hf 73Ta 74W 75Re 76Os 77Ir 78Pt 79Au 80Hg 81Tl 82Pb 83Bi 84Po 85At 86Rn
87Fr 88Ra 89Ac 104Rd 105Db 106Sg 107Bh 108Hs 109Mt 110Ds 111Rg 112Cn 113Nh 114Fl 115Mc 116Lv 117Ts 118Og
 
58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 63Eu 64Gd 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu
90Th 91Pa 92U 93Np 94Pu 95Am 96Cm 97Bk 98Cf 99Es 100Fm 101Md 102No 103Lr
Default Categories CPK Electronegativity Atomic Radius Lowest Oxidation Highest Oxidation Crustal Abundance Goldschmidt Mineral Species
Bismuth << Polonium >> Astatine


Spotted a mistake/omission? - These pages are a work in progress, so please send all comments/corrections to jolyon@mindat.org. Thank you.

Constants and physical property data from:

David R. Lide (ed.), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (2005).
Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical & Chemical Constants (2005). Section 3.1.3, Abundances of the elements
A. Earnshaw, N. Greenwood, Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, (1997)
Thomas J. Ahrens (ed.), Global Earth Physics : A Handbook of Physical Constants, American Geophysical Union (1995)
L.B. Railsback, An Earth Scientist's Periodic Table of the Elements and Their Ions : Geology 31:9 p737-740 (2003)
Emsley, J. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements. New York: Oxford University Press (2001)
 
and/or  
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