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Susannite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Susannite (237)

Susannite Gallery Search Photos of Susannite

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Susannite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite

Boarezzo Mine, Boarezzo, Valganna, Varese Province, Lombardy, Italy

Susannite, etc.

Esgair Hir & Esgair Fraith mines, Tal-y-bont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite

Boarezzo Mine, Boarezzo, Valganna, Varese Province, Lombardy, Italy

Susannite, etc.

Esgair Hir & Esgair Fraith mines, Tal-y-bont, Ceulanymaesmawr, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite, etc.

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

Susannite

Frongoch Mine, Pontrhydygroes, Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn, Ceredigion, Wales, UK

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About SusanniteHide

Susanna Mine Dumps

Susanna Mine, Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Formula:

Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂

Colour:

Colourless to greenish or yellowish

Lustre:

Adamantine

Hardness:

2½ - 3

Specific Gravity:

6.52 (Calculated)

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Name:

Named after the type locality, the Susanna Mine, Leadhills, Scotland.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Polymorph of:

Leadhillite, Macphersonite

The trigonal dimorph of leadhillite.

A mineral closely related to leadhillite and macphersonite. Tabular forms of susannite are easily confused with leadhillite.

Heating leadhillite causes it to reversibly transform into susannite in the temperature range from 50 to 82°C (Bindi & Menchetti, 2005).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3833

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3833:7

GUID
(UUID V4):

d783a7d6-4722-4b11-9163-3f7dc08039de

IMA Classification of SusanniteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Pb₄(SO₄)(CO₃)₂(OH)₂

Classification of SusanniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2023):

5.BF.40

5 : CARBONATES (NITRATES)
B : Carbonates with additional anions, without H₂O
F : With (Cl), SO₄, PO₄, TeO₃

Dana 8th ed.:

17.1.3.1

17 : COMPOUND CARBONATES
1 : Miscellaneous

Hey's CIM Ref.:

12.2.13

12 : Carbonates with other anions
2 : Carbonates with sulphate

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Sus	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Pronunciation of SusanniteHide

Pronunciation:

Play	Recorded by	Country
	Jolyon Ralph	United Kingdom

Physical Properties of SusanniteHide

Lustre:

Adamantine

Transparency:

Transparent, Translucent

Colour:

Colourless to greenish or yellowish

Hardness:

2½ - 3 on Mohs scale

Density:

6.52 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SusanniteHide

Type:

Uniaxial

Comments:

Anomalously biaxial

Chemistry of SusanniteHide

Mindat Formula:

Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂

Elements listed:

C, H, O, Pb, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SusanniteHide

Crystal System:

Trigonal

Class (H-M):

3 - Pyramidal

Space Group:

Cell Parameters:

a = 9.07 Å, c = 11.57 Å

Ratio:

a:c = 1 : 1.276

Unit Cell V:

824.62 Å³

Morphology:

Thin hexagonal plates.

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Link	Year	Locality	Pressure (GPa)	Temp (K)
0003939	Susannite	Bindi L, Menchetti S (2005) Structural changes accompanying the phase transformation between leadhillite and susannite: a structural study by means of in situ high-temperature single- crystal X-ray diffraction American Mineralogist 90 1641-1647		2005		0	293
0006779	Susannite	Steele I M, Pluth J J, Livingstone A (1999) Crystal structure of susannite, Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2: a trimorph with macphersonite and leadhillite European Journal of Mineralogy 11 493-499		1999	Leadhills, Scotland	0	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Susannite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Bindi L'
'Menchetti S'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 90 
_journal_year 2005
_journal_page_first 1641
_journal_page_last 1647
_publ_section_title
;
 Structural changes accompanying the phase transformation between leadhillite
 and susannite: a structural study by means of in situ high-temperature single-
 crystal X-ray diffraction
 Sample: Chah Mileh Mine, Anarak District, Esfahan Province, Iran
 Sample: T = 82 C
;
_database_code_amcsd 0003939
_chemical_formula_sum 'Pb4 S C2 O12'
_cell_length_a 9.077
_cell_length_b 9.077
_cell_length_c 11.611
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 120
_cell_volume 828.485
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      6.475
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 3'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  '-y,x-y,z'
  '-x+y,-x,z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Pb1   0.66770   0.98810   0.02000   0.03800
Pb2   0.34810   0.01360   0.81600   0.03600
Pb3   0.67100   0.94580   0.59200   0.03600
Pb4   0.66070   0.61170   0.24100   0.03500
S1   0.66667   0.33333   0.43000   0.04200
S2   0.33333   0.66667   0.41000   0.05100
S3   0.00000   0.00000   0.41000   0.05100
C1   0.00000   0.00000   0.07000   0.02900
C2   0.33333   0.66667   0.07000   0.03100
C3   0.66667   0.33333   0.05000   0.03100
C4   0.33333   0.66667   0.78000   0.03100
C5   0.00000   0.00000   0.78000   0.03000
C6   0.66667   0.33333   0.76000   0.02900
O1   0.66000   0.03000   0.21400   0.05600
O2   0.36000   0.03000   0.60700   0.05000
O3   0.86000  -0.14000   0.06000   0.06500
O4   0.47000  -0.32000   0.06000   0.06800
O5   0.66000   0.47000   0.04000   0.06800
O6   0.48000  -0.19000   0.77000   0.06000
O7   0.99800  -0.14000   0.77000   0.06100
O8   0.52000   0.33000   0.75000   0.06400
O9   0.66667   0.33333   0.31000   0.05300
O10   0.83000   0.38000   0.46000   0.05000
O11   0.33333   0.66667   0.53000   0.06200
O12   0.51000   0.76000   0.37000   0.06300
O13   0.00000   0.00000   0.53000   0.06900
O14   0.17000   0.11100   0.37000   0.06100

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.571 Å	(very strong)
2.937 Å	(strong)
2.622 Å	(strong)
4.538 Å	(moderately strong)
2.113 Å	(moderately strong)
2.316 Å	(moderate)
2.066 Å	(moderate)

Comments:

Susanna mine, Scotland. Data from Livingstone and Russell (1985). The pattern is nearly identical to leadhillite though susannite contains an additional weak peak at 6.494 Å.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals]
47b : [Sulfates and sulfites]
47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates]

Geological Setting:

Secondary mineral in oxidized zones of hydrothermal lead deposits formed above 80 degrees C.

Type Occurrence of SusanniteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein), Leadhills, South Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, 104.1068.

Synonyms of SusanniteHide

Sulphato-tricarbonate of Lead (in part)

Other Language Names for SusanniteHide

German:Susannit

Russian:Сузаннит

Spanish:Susannita

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

100 photos of Susannite associated with Caledonite	Pb₅Cu₂(SO₄)₃(CO₃)(OH)₆
39 photos of Susannite associated with Anglesite	PbSO₄
36 photos of Susannite associated with Linarite	PbCu(SO₄)(OH)₂
30 photos of Susannite associated with Schulenbergite	(Cu,Zn)₇(SO₄)₂(OH)₁₀ · 3H₂O
29 photos of Susannite associated with Hemimorphite	Zn₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂ · H₂O
29 photos of Susannite associated with Cerussite	PbCO₃
26 photos of Susannite associated with Steverustite	Pb²⁺₅(OH)₅[Cu⁺(S⁶⁺O₃S^2-)₃](H₂O)₂
19 photos of Susannite associated with Bechererite	Zn₇Cu(OH)₁₃[(SiO(OH)₃(SO₄)]
18 photos of Susannite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
17 photos of Susannite associated with Langite	Cu₄(SO₄)(OH)₆ · 2H₂O

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

5.BF.05	Ferrotychite	Na₆(Fe,Mn,Mg)₂(CO₃)₄(SO₄)	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3
5.BF.05	Manganotychite	Na₆Mn₂(CO₃)₄(SO₄)	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3
5.BF.05	Northupite	Na₃Mg(CO₃)₂Cl	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3
5.BF.05	Tychite	Na₆Mg₂(CO₃)₄(SO₄)	Iso. m3 (2/m 3) : Fd3
5.BF.10	Bonshtedtite	Na₃Fe²⁺(CO₃)(PO₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.BF.10	Bradleyite	Na₃Mg(CO₃)(PO₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.BF.10	Crawfordite	Na₃Sr(CO₃)(PO₄)	Mon. 2 : P2₁
5.BF.10	Sidorenkite	Na₃Mn²⁺(CO₃)(PO₄)	Mon.
5.BF.15	Daqingshanite-(Ce)	(Sr,Ca,Ba)₃(Ce,La)(CO₃)_3-x(PO₄)(OH,F)_2x	Trig.
5.BF.20	Reederite-(Y)	(Na,Mn)₁₅Y₂(CO₃)₉(FSO₃)Cl	Hex. 6 : P6
5.BF.25	Mineevite-(Y)	Na₂₅Ba(Y,Gd,Dy)₂(CO₃)₁₁(HCO₃)₄(SO₄)₂F₂Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
5.BF.30	Brianyoungite	Zn₃(CO₃,SO₄)(OH)₄	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
5.BF.35	Philolithite	Pb₁₂Mn²⁺(Mg,Mn²⁺)₂(Mn²⁺,Mg)₄(CO₃)₄(SO₄)O₆(OH)₁₂Cl₄	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m)
5.BF.40	Leadhillite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
5.BF.40	Macphersonite	Pb₄(CO₃)₂(SO₄)(OH)₂	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m)
5.BF.45	Peatite-(Y)	Li₄Na₁₂Y₁₂(PO₄)₁₂(CO₃)₄(F,OH)₈	Orth. 2 2 2 : P2 2 2
5.BF.50	Ramikite-(Y)	Li₄(Na,Ca)₁₂Y₆Zr₆(PO₄)₁₂(CO₃)₄O₄[(OH),F]₄	Tric. 1 : P1

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SusanniteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3833.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

Look for Susannite on Webmineral

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Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

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References for SusanniteHide

Reference List:

Brooke (1827) Edinburgh New Phil. J.: 3: 117 (as Sulphato-tricarbonate of Lead).

Haidinger, W. (1845) Zweite Klasse: Geogenide. II. Ordnung. Baryte. VII. Bleibaryt. Suzannit.. in Handbuch der Bestimmenden Mineralogie, Bei Braumüller and Seidel (Wien): 499-506.

Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York.pp.298-299

Mrose, M., Christian, R.P. (1969) The leadhillite-susannite relation [abstr.]. The Canadian Mineralogist, 10, 141.

Fleischer, M. (1970) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 55: 1444-1449.

Livingstone, A., Russell, J. D. (1985) X-ray powder data for susannite and its distinction from leadhillite. Mineralogical Magazine, 49 (354) 759-761 doi:10.1180/minmag.1985.049.354.21

Walenta, K., Kolitsch, U., Gulden, T. (1997) On leadhillite and susannite with special regard to occurrences in the Black Forest. Aufschluss: 48(1): 59-64. (in German)

Steele, Ian M., Pluth, Joseph J., Livingstone, Alec (1999) Crystal structure of susannite, Pb4SO4(CO3)2(OH)2: a trimorph with macphersonite and leadhillite. European Journal of Mineralogy, 11 (3) 493-499 doi:10.1127/ejm/11/3/0493

Frost, Ray L., Kloprogge, J. Theo, Williams, Peter A. (2003) Raman spectroscopy of lead sulphate-carbonate minerals – implications for hydrogen bonding. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (12) 529-542 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0529

Bindi, L. (2005) Structural changes accompanying the phase transformation between leadhillite and susannite: A structural study by means of in situ high-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction. American Mineralogist, 90 (10) 1641-1647 doi:10.2138/am.2005.1808

(2023) Susannite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for SusanniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Austria
Carinthia Sankt Veit an der Glan District Guttaring Waitschach ⓘ Slag localities	Kolitsch, U., Brandstätter, F., Schreiber, F., Fink, R. & Auer, C. (2013): Die Mineralogie der weltweit einzigartigen Schlacken von Waitschach, Kärnten. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, Serie A, 115, 19-87 (in German).
Salzburg Zell am See District Rauris ⓘ Astenschmiede slag locality	Kolitsch, U. (2015): 1930) Leadhillit und Susannit aus den Schlacken der Astenschmiede im Hüttwinkltal, Rauris, Salzburg. Pp. 236-237 in Niedermayr, G. et al. (2015): Neue Mineralfunde aus Österreich LXIV. Carinthia II, 205./125., 207-280.
Styria Bruck-Mürzzuschlag District Spital am Semmering Steinhaus am Semmering Fröschnitz valley (Fröschnitz) Hasen valley ⓘ Arzberg am Semmering mines	P. Tomazic, F. Bernhard, U. Kolitsch und G. Knobloch (2012): Mineralogie eines historischen Bergbaues auf Eisen und Silber am Arzberg bei Steinhaus am Semmering. Der Steirische Mineralog 26, 4-9.

Brazil
São Paulo ⓘ Iporanga	Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (1983), 55 (3), 263-270.

Czech Republic
Ústí nad Labem Region Teplice District Moldava ⓘ Moldava deposit	Palache, Charles, Berman, Harry, Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Ect. John Wiley and Sons, New York. Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 299.

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Haute-Loire Yssingeaux Saint-Pal-de-Mons ⓘ Bouillon vein ?	Queneau Patrice collection
Loire Roanne Le Crozet ⓘ Les Rats Mine slag dumps	Chollet, P. & Devouard, B. (2013): La mine de cuivre et de plomb des Rats, Le Crozet (Loire). Le Règne Minéral, 109, 7-46.
Bourgogne-Franche-Comté Saône-et-Loire Autun Saint-Prix L'Argentolle ⓘ Argentolle Mine	Livingstone, A., Sarp, H. (1984) Macphersonite, a new mineral from Leadhills, Scotland, and Saint-Prix, France— a polymorph of leadhillite and susannite. Mineralogical Magazine, 48 (347) 277-282 doi:10.1180/minmag.1984.048.347.14 Sarp, H. (1984): Seconde occurrence du nouveau minéral Scotlandite PbSO3. Schweiz. Mineral. Petrogr. Mitt., 64, 317-321.
Territoire-de-Belfort Belfort Auxelles-Haut ⓘ St Jean Mine	*Kolitsch, U. (1997) Neufunde von Mineralien aus einigen Vorkommen der Vogesen, Frankreich: Giromagny, Auxelles-Haut und Kruth 1. Der Aufschluss, 48 (4) 243-256*
Grand Est Vosges Épinal Rupt-sur-Moselle ⓘ Maxonchamp	Nicolas MEISSER analysis, Lausanne Geological Museum
Occitanie Aveyron Rodez Pruines Le Kaymar ⓘ La Boule	*Lheur, C. (2023) Le Kaymar. Historique-Géologie-Minéralogie. Le Cahier des Micromonteurs 161(3), 4-148*
Lozère Florac Vialas ⓘ Vialas smelter slag locality	*Lheur, Cédric, Deliens, Michel (1998) Les minéraux des scories de Vialas Lozère. Le Règne Minéral, 4 (21) Les Éditions du Piat. 25-31*
Tarn Castres Montredon-Labessonnié Peyrebrune ⓘ Le Rivet Quarry	Georges FAVREAU collection & EDX analysis
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet Cap Garonne Mine ⓘ North mine	Georges Favreau collection EDX and micro Raman analysis AMI (Italy)

Germany
Baden-Württemberg Freiburg Region Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Badenweiler ⓘ Badenweiler Pb mining district	Lapis 23(12), 45 (1998)
Sehringen ⓘ Haus Baden Mine	www.mindat.org (n.d.) https://www.mindat.org/photo-946743.html
Münstertal Belchen ⓘ Knappengrund Mine	Lapis 23(12), 45 (1998)
Oberried Hofsgrund Hofsgrund (South field) ⓘ Willnau dumps	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
Staufen im Breisgau ⓘ Etzenbach	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
Lörrach Todtnau ⓘ Baumhalde Mine	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
ⓘ Lisbühl	www.mineralienatlas.de (2021) http://www.mineralienatlas.de/lexikon/index.php/Deutschland/Baden-W%FCrttemberg/Schwarzwald/Todtnau/Lisb%FChl
Ortenaukreis Gengenbach Gengenbach ⓘ Silberbrünnle Mine	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
Hausach Hausach ⓘ Erzengel Gabriel Mine (Gabriel Mine)	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
Oberwolfach ⓘ Clara Mine	Kolitsch, U. (1997) Uranosphärit und weitere neue Mineralfunde von der Grube Clara im Schwarzwald. Mineralien-Welt 8 (3), 18-26 Kolitsch, U., Gröbner, J., Blaß, G., Graf, H.-W. (2007) Neufunde aus der Grube Clara im mittleren Schwarzwald (III): Cerianit-(Ce), Dravit, Florencit-(La), Gilmarit, Olenit und Scotlandit. Lapis, 32 (6) 19-23
Waldshut Ühlingen-Birkendorf Brenden ⓘ Brenden Mine	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
Karlsruhe Region Freudenstadt Bad Rippoldsau-Schapbach Wildschapbach valley ⓘ Friedrich-Christian Mine	Lapis 23(12), 46 (1998)
Hesse Giessen Region Limburg-Weilburg Selters Eisenbach ⓘ Vereinigung Mine	*Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.*
Kassel Region Hersfeld-Rotenburg Nentershausen Süß Richelsdorf Smelter ⓘ Slag dumps	*Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.*
Lower Saxony Goslar District Clausthal-Zellerfeld Oberschulenberg ⓘ Glücksrad Mine	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
ⓘ Schlackental slag locality	KoJansen
ⓘ Silberbach slag locality	"Lithothek" collection of the Münchener Micromounter
Zellerfeld veins ⓘ Kahlenberg district ?	Gröbner, J. & Nikoleizig, J. (2009): Die Mineralien der Gruben Kahlenbergsglück & Grüne Tanne am Kahlenberg bei Zellerfeld. Mineralien-Welt 20 (4), 34-39.
Harz (Landkreis Goslar) Oker valley ⓘ Große Romke slag locality	*Luetcke, Rolf (n.d.) Personal communication.*Identification: Dealer/Collection Label
Langelsheim Astfeld ⓘ Herzog Julius smelter slag locality	Frost, Ray L., Kloprogge, J. Theo, Williams, Peter A. (2003) Raman spectroscopy of lead sulphate-carbonate minerals – implications for hydrogen bonding. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte, 2003 (12) 529-542 doi:10.1127/0028-3649/2003/2003-0529
Lautenthal ⓘ Hölltal slag locality	C.Auer (2021)
ⓘ Lautenthal smelter slag locality
Osnabrück District Hagen am Teutoburger Wald ⓘ Silberberg Quarry	Blaß, G., Mann, E. (2021) Über die Mineralisation am Steinbruch Silberberg im Osnabrücker Bergland. Mineralien Welt: 32(1), 10-37.
ⓘ Unspecified slag localities	Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1991): Mineralogische Notizen V. Aufschluss 42, 155-171.
North Rhine-Westphalia Arnsberg Hochsauerlandkreis Bestwig ⓘ Ramsbeck	Schnorrer-Köhler, G. (1988) Mineralogische Notizen IV. Der Aufschluss, 39, 153-168.
ⓘ Bastenberg Mine	*Weiß, Stefan (1990) Mineralfundstellen Atlas Deutschland West. Christian Weise Verlag, Munich, Germany. 320pp.*
Sundern Bönkhausen ⓘ Churfürst Ernst Mine	Lapis, 14 (2), 22-27+33+42.
Märkischer Kreis Iserlohn Letmathe ⓘ Genna zinc smelter slag locality ?	www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.info (n.d.) https://www.mg-mineralien-fossilien.info/genna
Siegen-Wittgenstein Burbach ⓘ Schöne Aussicht Mine ?	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
Siegen Eiserfeld Kohlenbach Valley ⓘ Brüderbund Mine ?	Henrich, M. (2009): Mineralien-Welt 20 (5), 14-27.
Wilnsdorf ⓘ Marie Mine	Lapis, 12 (1), 11-18+42.
Cologne Aachen Stolberg ⓘ Birkengang zinc smelter slag locality
ⓘ Münsterbusch zinc smelter slag locality	International Association of Collectors of Slag
Oberbergischer Kreis Engelskirchen Loope ⓘ Castor Mine	Habel, B. & Linder, R. (2009): Die Grube "Castor" bei Loope und ihre Mineralien. Mineralien-Welt 20 (3), 10-23
Düsseldorf Mettmann Velbert Rützkausen ⓘ Josephine Mine ?	Harms, U. (2010): Sekundärmineralisation von der Grube Josephine in Velbert (Rheinland) - Beschreibung und geochemische Bildungsbedingungen. Decheniana (Bonn) 163, 179-184.
Münster Steinfurt Mettingen ⓘ Muck und Horst Mine	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
Rhineland-Palatinate Altenkirchen Kirchen (Sieg) Niederfischbach ⓘ Fürst Moritz Mine	Henrich, J. M. (2007: Die Mineralien der Grube Fürst Moritz bei Niederndorf. Mineralien-Welt 18 (4), 20-26. (in German)
Neuwied Unkel Rheinbreitbach ⓘ Virneberg Mine	Weiss: "Mineralienfundstellen, Deutschland West", Weise (Munich), 1990
Rhein-Lahn-Kreis ⓘ Bad Ems-Nassau	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
Lahnstein Friedrichssegen ⓘ Friedrichssegen Mine	Der Aufschluss Vol.55, March/April 2004
Südwestpfalz Dahner Felsenland Nothweiler ⓘ ~~Kolbenberg iron mines~~	*Wittern, Artur (2001) Mineralfundorte und ihre Minerale in Deutschland* (1st ed.) Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.**
Saxony Erzgebirgskreis Zschopau ⓘ Heilige Dreifaltigkeit Mine	checked SEM-EDS / X-RAY by St.Michalski

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion slag localities	Schnorrer-Köhler, G., Standfuss, K. & Standfuss, L. (1982): Neue Schlackenminerale aus Laurion. Der Aufschluss, 33 (12), 459-462.
ⓘ Agios Nikolaos Cove slag locality
ⓘ Lavrion Port slag locality ?
ⓘ Legrena Cove slag locality (Legraina Cove)	*Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags. Piet Gelaude, Piet van Kalmthout , Christian Rewitzer.*
ⓘ Oxygon Cove slag locality
ⓘ Panormos Cove slag locality
ⓘ Passa Limani Cove slag locality	*Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags. Piet Gelaude, Piet van Kalmthout , Christian Rewitzer.*
ⓘ Sounion Cove slag locality
ⓘ Thorikos Bay slag locality	*Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags. Piet Gelaude, Piet van Kalmthout , Christian Rewitzer.*
ⓘ Tourkolimanon Cove slag locality
ⓘ Vrissaki Point slag locality	*Gelaude, Piet, van Kalmthout, Piet, Rewitzer, Christian (1996) Laurion: The Minerals in the Ancient Slags. Piet Gelaude, Piet van Kalmthout , Christian Rewitzer.*
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Rhodope Arriana ⓘ King Arthur Mine ?	L. Rantos collection

Ireland
Connacht Mayo County ⓘ Sheeffry Mine (Tawnycrower Mine; Sheefry Mine; Sheffry Mine)

Italy
Lombardy Varese Province Valganna Boarezzo ⓘ Boarezzo Mine (Pradisci prospect; Rio Carpane prospect)	Orlandi, P., & Campostrini, I., 2006. Boarezzo. I minerali della ricerca mineraria "Pradisci". Rivista Mineralogica Italiana, 30 (1), 14-24.
Sardinia South Sardinia Province Iglesias ⓘ Malacalzetta Mine	Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias (1983), 55 (3), 263-270.
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trentino-South Tyrol) Trento Province (Trentino) Borgo Chiese Condino ⓘ Rio Giulis uranium prospect ?	Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification
Levico Terme ⓘ Monte Fronte Assay (Compet)	Bortolozzi, G., Bracco, R., Ciriotti, E.M. (2021) Aggiornamenti sui minerali dell'area di Compet (Monte Fronte e Rio Ricet) in Valsugana, Trento. Micro-Santa Monica, 19:1.
Pergine Valsugana ⓘ Viarago Mine ?	Giorgio Bortolozzi visual identification
Tuscany Livorno Province Piombino ⓘ Baratti slag locality	M. Bonifazi & U. Kolitsch, to be published Muenchener Micromounter-Lithothek
Veneto Vicenza Province Torrebelvicino Mercanti Valley ⓘ Monte Trisa Mines	Domenico Saccardo, Fabrizio Filippi (2019): Aggiornamento 2019 sulla mineralogia vicentina. Miniera Veneziana Monte Trisa. Studi e Ricerche - Associazione Amici del Museo - Museo Civico “G. Zannato”, 26, 50-52 Boscardin, M., Daleffe, A., Rocchetti, I., Zordan, A. (2011) Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”. Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza): 183.
ⓘ Gallery no. 2	Boscardin, M., Daleffe, A., Rocchetti, I., Zordan, A. (2011) Minerali del Vicentino - Aggiornamenti, località e nuove determinazioni. Museo di Archeologia e Scienze Naturali “G. Zannato”. Montecchio Maggiore (Vicenza): 183.
ⓘ Veneziana gallery (Veneziana mine)	XRD analysis at Padova University

Namibia
Oshikoto Region Tsumeb ⓘ Tsumeb Mine (Ongopolo Mine)	Georg Gebhard, Tsumeb II, page 200

Norway
Nordland Sørfold ⓘ Tennvatn pegmatite	Husdal, Tomas (2019) Nyfunn av mineraler fra Tysfjord-pegmatittene, Nordland [New finds of minerals from the Tysfjord pegmatites, Nordland]. Norsk Mineralsymposium 2019, Norsk Mineralsymposium. 31-46

Portugal
Beja Odemira São Luís ⓘ Torgal Mine	Pedro Alves collection and analytical data.
Bragança Mogadouro Castelo Branco ⓘ Olgas Mine	Pedro Alves collection and analytical data.

Romania
Caraş-Severin County Moldova Nouă ⓘ Moldova Nouă Mine	www.minerals-of-the-carpathians,2009

Russia
Zabaykalsky Krai Nerchinsky District ⓘ Nerchinsk	Palache, C., Berman, H., & Frondel, C. (1951), The System of Mineralogy of James Dwight Dana and Edward Salisbury Dana, Yale University 1837-1892, Volume II: 299.

South Africa
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Edendale Lead Mine	Glass, J. (2006). The environmental impact of the abandoned Edendale lead mine near Tshwane, South Africa (Doctoral dissertation, University of Johannesburg).

Spain
Andalusia Jaén Linares ⓘ La Cruz lead smelter slag locality	Calvo Rebollar, Miguel y Rewitzer, Christian (2022). Atlas de minerales de España. Atlas of Spanish minerals. Prames, Zaragoza. 384 págs.

UK
England County Durham Healeyfield ⓘ Castleside Smelting Mill slag locality	Norman Wilson collection and ID
Stanhope ⓘ Bollihope lead smelter slag locality	Norman Wilson collection
ⓘ Bollihope Smelt Mill slag locality	Norman Wilson collection
Cumbria Allerdale Caldbeck Deer Hills ⓘ Short Grain	*Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.*
Roughton Gill ⓘ Brae Fell Mine ?	*Young, B. (1987) Glossary of the minerals of the Lake District and adjoining areas. British Geological Survey, Newcastle upon Tyne. 104pp.* *Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.*
ⓘ Higher Roughton Gill (Balliway Rigg)	*Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.* Green, D.I., Bridges, T.F., Rumsey, M.S., Leppington, C.M., Tindle, A.G. (2008) A review of the mineralogy of the Roughton Gill Mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: Part 2 The Roughton Gill South Vein on Balliway Rigg. Journal of the Russell Society, 11. 3-28
ⓘ Red Gill Mine	*Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.* Jackson, B. (1990) Queitite, a first Scottish occurrence. Scottish Journal of Geology, 26(1), 57-58. *Stanley, Christopher J., Cooper, Michael P. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite-Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. The Mineralogical Record, 22 (2) 105-121* *Bridges, T.F., Green, D.I., Rumsey, M.S., Leppington, C.M. (2008) A review of the mineralisation at Red Gill Mine, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. Journal of the Russell Society, 11. 29-47*
ⓘ Roughton Gill Mine ?	*Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.* Bridges, Trevor F., Green, David, Rumsey, Michael S., Leppington, C. Michael (2011) A review of the mineralisation of the Roughton Gill mines, Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria: Part 3 Roughton Gill Mine. Journal of the Russell Society, 14. 3-23
ⓘ Silver Gill	Pluth, J. J., Steele, I. M., Kampf, A. R., Green, D. I. (2005) Redgillite, Cu₆(OH)₁₀(SO₄)·H₂O, a new mineral from Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England: description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 69 (6) 973-980 doi:10.1180/0026461056960302
ⓘ Caldbeck Fells Mining Region	*Stanley, Christopher J., Cooper, Michael P. (1991) Famous Mineral Localities: Pyromorphite-Group Minerals from the Caldbeck Fells, Cumbria, England. The Mineralogical Record, 22 (2) 105-121*
Eden Mungrisdale ⓘ Brandy Gill Mine	*Cooper, M. P., Stanley, C. J. (1990) Minerals of the English Lake District - Caldbeck Fells. The Natural History Museum, London.*
Derbyshire Bolsover District Hodthorpe and Belph ⓘ Whitwell Quarry	Peter J. Briscoe, John Chapman, David I. Green, David McCallum, Andrew G. Tindle (2021): The mineralogy of Whitwell Quarry, Derbyshire. Journal of the Russell Society 24, 60-120.
Northumberland Allendale ⓘ Dirt Pot Lead Smelt Mill slag locality	Norman Wilson personal collection
Scotland Dumfries and Galloway ⓘ Wanlockhead	Rust, Steve A. (2019) Minerals of the Frongoch Mine. Published by the author, 180 pages. ISBN 978-1-9162641-0-6.
ⓘ Meadowfoot Smelter slag locality	Rust, Steve.A. (2022) The Minerals of the Meadowfoot Smelter. 608 pages, printed by Book printing UK. Distributed by the author.
Wanlock Dod-Whytes Cleuch ⓘ Belton Grain vein
ⓘ Whytes Cleuch	*Day, Harry (1999) BMS Database, British Micromount Society.*
ⓘ Cove Vein
South Lanarkshire ⓘ Leadhills	Livingstone, A., Ryback, G., Fejer, E.E., Stanley, C.J. (1987) Mattheddleite, a new mineral of the apatite group from Leadhills, Strathclyde Region. Scottish Journal of Geology, 23, 1-8. Rust, Steve A. (2019) Minerals of the Frongoch Mine. Published by the author, 180 pages. ISBN 978-1-9162641-0-6.
ⓘ Horners Vein (Jeffrey's Vein; Carse's Vein)	Jackson, B. (1990). Queitite, a first Scottish occurrence. Scottish Journal of Geology, 26(1), 57-58.
Mine Hill-Broad Law ⓘ Raiks Vein (incl. Broadlaw Low Level)	Steve Rust collection
ⓘ Susanna Mine (Glennery Scar vein; Susanna vein [Scar vein]; Portobello vein; Humby vein; Lead vein) (TL)	*Livingstone, Alec (2002) Minerals of Scotland* - Past and Present. National Museums of Scotland Publishing Ltd., Edinburgh.**pp.132-133
Wanlock Dod ⓘ Hopeful Vein	Steve Rust collection
ⓘ Scar Vein	Steve Rust collection
Wool Law Woolgill Mine ⓘ Wool Gill Mine (Wool Gill Vein)	S. Rust collection
Wales Ceredigion Ceulanymaesmawr Bontgoch (Elerch) ⓘ Mynydd Gorddu Mine	S. Rust collection.Identified by Steve Rust: Visual Identification
Tal-y-bont ⓘ Bwlch Glas Mine	*Rust, S. A. (1996) Susannite and Caledonite in Situ in Central Wales. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 17, 18*
ⓘ Eaglebrook Mine	S Rust collection
ⓘ Esgair Hir & Esgair Fraith mines (Cambrian Mine; Cardigan Consolidated Mine; Welsh Potosi Mine; Kylon Potosi Mine)	*Rust, S. A., Mason, J. S. (1988) The Minerals of Esgair Hir Mine, Bwlch-y-Esgair Hir, Ceulanymaesmawr, Dyfed, Wales . UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 5, 35-43*
ⓘ Henfwlch Mine	Steve Rust collectionIdentified by Steve Rust: Visual Identification
Llangynfelyn Tre-Taliesin ⓘ Brynarian Mine (Cardigan Bay Consols Mine)	S Rust collection
Trefeirig Bontgoch ⓘ Lletty Evanhen Mine (Vaughan Mine)	S. Rust collection
Pen-bont Rhydybeddau ⓘ Bwlchrhennaid Mine (Level Newydd Mine)	S. Rust collection
ⓘ Daren Mine (Old Daren Mine; Darren Consolidated Mine; Daren United Mine; Great Darren Mine; Darren Mine)	S Rust collection
ⓘ Llechwedd Helyg Mine (Willow Bank Mine)	S Rust collection
Upper Llanfihangell-y-Creuddyn Cwmystwyth ⓘ Cwmystwyth Mine	Steve Rust
Devil's Bridge ⓘ Aberffrwdd Mine (Aberfrwdd Gothic Mine; East Aberffrwdd Mine; Aberffrwdd and Bonsall Mine; Gothic Mine)
Pontrhydygroes ⓘ Frongoch Mine (Bron-y-Goch Mine; Llawynwnwch Mine)	*Green, D.I., Rust, S.A., Mason, J.S. (1996) Classic British mineral localities: Frongoch mine, Dyfed. UK Journal of Mines and Minerals 17, Rockbottom Publications. 29-39* Rust, Steve A. (2019) Minerals of the Frongoch Mine. Published by the author, 180 pages. ISBN 978-1-9162641-0-6.
Ysbyty Ystwyth ⓘ Esgair Mwyn Mine
ⓘ Hendre Felen Mine (Hendre quarry)	*Day, Harry (1999) BMS Database, British Micromount Society.*
Lisburne Lead and Silver Mines ⓘ Glogfawr Mine
ⓘ Logaulas Mine (Lisburne Mine; Logylas Mine)
Powys Llangynog ⓘ Llangynog Mine	S.Rust Collection
Machynlleth Dylife ⓘ Dylife Mine (Pen Dylife Mine; Esgairgaled Mine; Llechwedd Ddu Mine; Blaen Twymyn Mine)	S Rust collection
Rhayader ⓘ Nant-y-Car Mine	S. Rust collection

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Bisbee	Graeme, R. (1993) Bisbee revisited. The Mineralogical Record: 24: 421-436.
North Carolina Haywood County Waterville Lake ⓘ Redmond Mine	A. Kampf 2-2018
Pennsylvania Montgomery County Lower Providence Township Audubon Perkiomen Mines ⓘ Ecton Mine	Min of PA 1922-65, A. Montgomery, pgs. 25-26

Susannite

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