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Nontronite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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01125320014946603817434.jpg
Nontronite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
03912300017118000279990.jpg
Nontronite

Hoher Hagen, Dransfeld, Göttingen District, Lower Saxony, Germany
09364320014961366262259.jpg
Nontronite, etc.

Kempirsai Cr deposit, Kargaly District, Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan
00122740014946307733621.jpg
Nontronite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
07483510017118000208902.jpg
Nontronite

Hoher Hagen, Dransfeld, Göttingen District, Lower Saxony, Germany
02446900014948490342829.jpg
Nontronite, etc.

Kempirsai Cr deposit, Kargaly District, Aktobe Region, Kazakhstan
00122740014946307733621.jpg
Nontronite

Iron Monarch Main Pit, Iron Knob, Middleback Range, Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, Australia
04219000017118023882382.jpg
Nontronite

Hoher Hagen, Dransfeld, Göttingen District, Lower Saxony, Germany
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About NontroniteHide

05468370015609680158366.jpg
Nontron, France
Formula:
Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Colour:
Green, olive-green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, brown
Lustre:
Resinous, Waxy, Dull
Hardness:
1½ - 2
Specific Gravity:
2.2 - 2.3
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Member of:
Smectite Group
Name:
Named in 1827 by Pierre Berthier for the type locality thought to be at Nontron, Dordogne, France. Actually, the type locality is at Le Manderau, Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, not far from Nontron. Originally named chloropal in 1822 by Dr. Johann Jakob Bernhardi and Dr. Rudolph Brandes for chlor- and opal suggesting it was a green waxy mineral somewhat resembling common opal.
Smectite Group.


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2924
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2924:3
GUID
(UUID V4):
9fc72763-9def-4426-83b8-4e3356081709

IMA Classification of NontroniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Na0.3Fe3+2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2 · nH2O
Type description reference:
Berthier, P. (1827) Nontronite, nouveau minéral découvert dans le département de la Dordogne. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 36: 22-27.

Classification of NontroniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):
9.EC.40

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
C : Phyllosilicates with mica sheets, composed of tetrahedral and octahedral nets
Dana 8th ed.:
71.3.1a.3

71 : PHYLLOSILICATES Sheets of Six-Membered Rings
3 : Sheets of 6-membered rings with 2:1 clays
Hey's CIM Ref.:
16.18.1

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
18 : Aluminosilicates of Fe and alkalis

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference
NonIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
NonWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of NontroniteHide

Lustre:
Resinous, Waxy, Dull
Transparency:
Translucent, Opaque
Colour:
Green, olive-green, yellow-green, yellow, orange, brown
Hardness:
1½ - 2 on Mohs scale
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001}
Fracture:
Splintery, Conchoidal
Density:
2.2 - 2.3 g/cm3 (Measured)    

Optical Data of NontroniteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.567 - 1.600 nβ = 1.604 - 1.632 nγ = 1.605 - 1.643
2V:
Measured: 25° to 68°, Calculated: 32° to 46°
Max Birefringence:
δ = 0.038 - 0.043
Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.
Surface Relief:
Moderate
Dispersion:
r > v strong

Chemistry of NontroniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na0.3Fe2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2O
Elements listed:
Al, Fe, H, Na, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry
Common Impurities:
Ti,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of NontroniteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
B2/m
Setting:
C2/m
Cell Parameters:
a = 5.24(1) Å, b = 9.11(1) Å, c = 15.3(5) Å
β = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.575 : 1 : 1.679
Unit Cell V:
730.37 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Rarely as small bladed crystals, radial or reticulated, spherulitic; commonly cryptocrystalline, claylike, massive.
Comment:
Z = n.d.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0007180NontroniteDainyak L G, Zviagina B B, Rusakov V S, Drits V A (2006) Interpretation of the nontonite-dehydroxylate Mossbauer spectrum using EFG calculations European Journal of Mineralogy 18 753-7642006Garfield, Washington, USA0293
0007181NontroniteDainyak L G, Zviagina B B, Rusakov V S, Drits V A (2006) Interpretation of the nontonite-dehydroxylate Mossbauer spectrum using EFG calculations European Journal of Mineralogy 18 753-7642006Garfield, Washington, USA0293
0008146NontroniteManceau A, Chateigner D, Gates W P (1998) Polarized EXAFS, distance-valence least-squares modelling (DVLS), and quantitative texture analysis approaches to the structural refinement of Garfield nontronite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 25 347-36519980293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
15.4 Å(vs)
4.56 Å(vs)
2.64 Å(vs)
2.56 Å(vs)
1.52 Å(vs)
2.43 Å(s)
1.72 Å(s)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 2: Planetesimal differentiation and alteration4.566-4.550
6 : Secondary asteroid phases4.566-4.560
Stage 3b: Earth’s earliest hydrosphere>4.45
16 : Low-𝑇 aqueous alteration of Hadean subaerial lithologies (see also #23)
17 : Marine authigenic Hadean minerals (see also #24)

Type Occurrence of NontroniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Le Manderau (Le Mandereau; Le Mandaraud), Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière, Nontron, Dordogne, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 89645.
Reference:
Berthier, P. (1827) Nontronite, nouveau minéral découvert dans le département de la Dordogne. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 36: 22-27.

Synonyms of NontroniteHide

Other Language Names for NontroniteHide

Aragonese:Nontronite
German:Nontronit
Simplified Chinese:绿脱石
绿高岭石
Spanish:Nontronita
Traditional Chinese:綠脫石
綠高嶺石

Varieties of NontroniteHide

Relationship of Nontronite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Smectite Group
Other Members of this group:
Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.
Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon.
SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
37 photos of Nontronite associated with PyriteFeS2
29 photos of Nontronite associated with CalciteCaCO3
27 photos of Nontronite associated with Chabazite
24 photos of Nontronite associated with AnalcimeNa(AlSi2O6) · H2O
15 photos of Nontronite associated with BaryteBaSO4
12 photos of Nontronite associated with ChalcedonySiO2
11 photos of Nontronite associated with MesoliteNa2Ca2Si9Al6O30 · 8H2O
9 photos of Nontronite associated with Thomsonite-CaNaCa2[Al5Si5O20] · 6H2O
8 photos of Nontronite associated with HollanditeBa(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16
8 photos of Nontronite associated with Diopside-Hedenbergite Series

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EC.BalestraiteKLi2V5+Si4O12Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.MeifuiteKFe6(Si7Al)O19(OH)4Cl2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05MinnesotaiteFe2+3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.05WillemseiteNi3Si4O10(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.9.EC.VoloshiniteRb(LiAl1.5◻0.5)(Al0.5Si3.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10FerripyrophylliteFe3+Si2O5(OH)Mon. 2/m
9.EC.10PyrophylliteAl2Si4O10(OH)2Tric. 1
9.EC.10LuanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.10FluorluanshiweiiteKLiAl1.5(Si3.5Al0.5)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.10ManganiceladoniteK(MgMn3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.10GarmiteCsLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.10GorbunoviteCsLi2(Ti,Fe)Si4O10(F,OH,O)2Mon.
9.EC.15BoromuscoviteKAl2(BSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m
9.EC.15CeladoniteK(MgFe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Chernykhite(Ba,Na)(V3+,Al,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15Montdorite(K,Na)2(Fe2+,Mn2+,Mg)5(Si4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15NanpingiteCsAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15ParagoniteNaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.15RoscoeliteK(V3+,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15Tobelite(NH4,K)Al2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15AluminoceladoniteK(MgAl◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromphylliteK(Cr,Al)2(AlSi3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15FerroaluminoceladoniteK(Fe2+Al◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15FerroceladoniteK(Fe2+Fe3+◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15ChromceladoniteK(MgCr◻)(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.15TainioliteKLiMg2(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.15Ganterite(Ba,Na,K)(Al,Mg)2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.15UM1988-22-SiO:AlCaFFeHKLiMgKLiMgAl2Si3O10F2Mon.
9.EC.15KreiteriteCsLi2Fe3+(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.20AnniteKFe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EphesiteNaLiAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.20HendricksiteKZn3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Masutomilite(K,Rb)(Li,Mn3+,Al)3(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20NorrishiteKLiMn3+2(Si4O10)O2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20PolylithioniteKLi2Al(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20PreiswerkiteNaMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20SiderophylliteKFe2+2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.20TetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20FluorotetraferriphlogopiteKMg3(Fe3+Si3O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Wonesite(Na,K)(Mg,Fe,Al)6((Al,Si)4O10)2(OH,F)4Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20EastoniteKMg2Al(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.20TetraferrianniteKFe2+3(Si3Fe3+)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20TrilithioniteK(Li1.5Al1.5)(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.20FluoranniteKFe2+3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20ShirokshiniteK(NaMg2)(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20ShirozuliteKMn2+3(Si3Al)O10(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20SokolovaiteCsLi2Al(Si4O10)F2Mon.
9.EC.20AspidoliteNaMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20FluorophlogopiteKMg3(Si3Al)O10F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20UM2004-49-SiO:AlCsFHKLi(Cs,K)(Al,Li)2.6((Si,Al)4O10)(F,OH)2
9.EC.20Suhailite(NH4)Fe2+3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20YangzhumingiteKMg2.5(Si4O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20OrloviteKLi2Ti(Si4O10)OFMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.20OxyphlogopiteK(Mg,Ti,Fe)3[(Si,Al)4O10](O,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.20Chloroferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(Cl,OH,F)2
9.EC.22PimeliteNi3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2OHex.
9.EC.30Chlorophaeite(Ca,Mg,Fe)2Fe2Si4O13 · 10H2O
9.EC.30MargariteCaAl2(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35Anandite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3((Si,Al,Fe)4O10)(S,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35BityiteCaLiAl2(AlBeSi2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.EC.35ClintoniteCaAlMg2(SiAl3O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Kinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Mn2+,Al)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Ferrokinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Fe2+,Mg)3(Al2Si2O10)(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35Oxykinoshitalite(Ba,K)(Mg,Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(O,OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.35FluorokinoshitaliteBaMg3(Al2Si2O10)F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Beidellite(Na,Ca0.5)0.3Al2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40Kurumsakite(Zn,Ni,Cu)8Al8V5+2Si5O35 · 27H2O (?)Orth.
9.EC.40Montmorillonite(Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.40VolkonskoiteCa0.3(Cr,Mg,Fe)2((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.40Yakhontovite(Ca,Na)0.5(Cu,Fe,Mg)2(Si4O10)(OH)2 · 3H2OMon.
9.EC.45HectoriteNa0.3(Mg,Li)3(Si4O10)(F,OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45SaponiteCa0.25(Mg,Fe)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.45SauconiteNa0.3Zn3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.45SpadaiteMgSiO2(OH)2 · H2O (?)
9.EC.45Stevensite(Ca,Na)xMg3-x(Si4O10)(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.45SwineforditeLi(Al,Li,Mg)3((Si,Al)4O10)2(OH,F)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.45ZincsiliteZn3Si4O10(OH)2 · 4H2O (?)Mon.
9.EC.45FerrosaponiteCa0.3(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)3((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)2 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.45HanjiangiteBa2CaV3+Al(H2AlSi3O12)(CO3)2FMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.50VermiculiteMg0.7(Mg,Fe,Al)6(Si,Al)8O20(OH)4 · 8H2OMon. 2/m
9.EC.52Tarasovitenear NaKAl11Si13O40(OH)9 · 3H2O
9.EC.55Baileychlore(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8Tric. 1
9.EC.55Chamosite(Fe2+)5Al(Si,Al)4O10(OH,O)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55ClinochloreMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Cookeite(LiAl4◻)[AlSi3O10](OH)8Mon. 2/m
9.EC.55FranklinfurnaceiteCa2Fe3+Mn2+3Mn3+(Zn2Si2O10)(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55Gonyerite(Mn2+,Mg)5Fe3+(Fe3+Si3O10)(OH)8Orth.
9.EC.55Nimite(Ni,Mg,Al)6((Si,Al)4O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55Orthochamosite(Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8
9.EC.55PennantiteMn2+5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)8Tric.
9.EC.55SudoiteMg2Al3(Si3Al)O10)(OH)8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.55DonbassiteAl4.33(Si3Al)O10(OH)8Mon. 2 : B2
9.EC.55GlagoleviteNa(Mg,Al)6(AlSi3O10)(OH,O)8Tric. 1 : P1
9.EC.55Borocookeite(LiAl4◻)[BSi3O10](OH)8Mon. m : Bb
9.EC.60AliettiteCa0.2Mg6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 4H2OMon.
9.EC.60Corrensite(Mg,Fe)9((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)10 · nH2OOrth.
9.EC.60DozyiteMg7Al2(Al2Si4O15)(OH)12Mon.
9.EC.60HydrobiotiteK(Mg,Fe2+)6((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · nH2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60Karpinskite(Ni,Mg)2Si2O5(OH)2 (?)Mon.
9.EC.60KulkeiteMg8Al(AlSi7O20)(OH)10Mon.
9.EC.60LunijianlaiteLi0.7Al6.2(AlSi7O20)(OH,O)10Mon.
9.EC.60Rectorite(Na,Ca)Al4((Si,Al)8O20)(OH)4 · 2H2OMon.
9.EC.60Saliotite(Li,Na)Al3(AlSi3O10)(OH)5Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EC.60TosuditeNa0.5(Al,Mg)6((Si,Al)8O18)(OH)12 · 5H2OMon. 2 : B2
9.EC.60BrinrobertsiteNa0.3Al4(Si4O10)2(OH)4 · 3.5 H2OMon.
9.EC.65Macaulayite(Fe,Al)24Si4O43(OH)2Mon.
9.EC.70BurckhardtitePb2(Fe3+Te6+)[AlSi3O8]O6Trig. 3m (3 2/m) : P3 1m
9.EC.75Ferrisurite(Pb,Ca)2.4Fe3+2(Si4O10)(CO3)1.7(OH)3 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.75Surite(Pb,Ca)3(Al,Fe2+,Mg)2((Si,Al)4O10)(CO3)2(OH)2Mon. 2 : P21
9.EC.75Niksergievite(Ba,Ca)2Al3(AlSi3O10)(CO3)(OH)6 · nH2OMon.
9.EC.80KegelitePb8Al4(Si8O20)(SO4)2(CO3)4(OH)8Mon.

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for NontroniteHide

References for NontroniteHide

Reference List:
Berthier, P. (1827) Nontronite, nouveau minéral découvert dans le département de la Dordogne. Annales de Chimie et de Physique: 36: 22-27.
Larsen, E.S., Steiger, G. (1928) Dehydration and optical studies of alunogen, nontronite, and griffithite. American Journal of Science, 5th. series: 15: 1-19.
Foshag, W.F. (1928) New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 13: 491-494.
Goodman, B.A., Russell, J.D., Fraser, A.R. and Woodhams, F.W.D. (1976) A Mössbauer and infrared spectroscopic study of the structure of nontronite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 24: 53-59.
Russell, J.D. and Clark, D.R. (1977) The effect of Fe-for-Si substitution on the b-dimension of nontronite. Clay Minerals: 13(2): 133-137.
Goodman, B.A. (1978) The Mössbauer spectra of nontronites: consideration of an alternative assignment. Clays and Clay Minerals: 26(2): 176-177.
Russell, J.D. and Clarke, D.R. (1978) The effect of Fe-for-Si substitution on the b-dimension of nontronite. Clay Minerals: 13: 133-137.
Tsipursky, S.I., Drits, V.A., and Chekin, S.S. (1978) Study of structural ordering of nontronite by oblique texture electron diffraction. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Seriya Geologicheskaya: 10: 105-113. [in Russian].
Besson, G., Bookin, A.S., Dainyak, L.G., Rautureau, M., Tsipursky, S.I., Tchoubar, C., and Drits, V.A. (1983) Use of diffraction and Mössbauer methods for the structural and crystallochemical characterizations of nontronites. Journal of Applied Crystallography: 16: 374-383.
Der Aufschluss (1983) 34: 295.
Dainyak, L.G. and Drits, V.A. (1987) Interpretation of Mössbauer spectra of nontronite, celadonite, and glauconite. Clays and Clay Minerals: 35: 363-372.
Sherman, D.M. and Vergo, N. (1988) Optical (diffuse reflectance) and Mössbauer spectroscopic study of nontronite and related Fe-bearing smectites. American Mineralogist: 73: 1346-1354.
Lear, P.R. and Stucki, J.W. (1990) Magnetic properties and site occupancy of iron in nontronite. Clay Minerals: 25: 3-13.
Murad, E., Cashion, J.D., and Brown, L.J. (1990) Magnetic ordering in Garfield nontronite under applied magnetic fields. Clay Minerals: 25: 261-269.
Köster, H.M., Ehrlicher, U., Gilg, H.A., Jordan, R., Murad, E., and Onnich, K. (1999) Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of five nontronites and Fe-rich smectites. Clay Minerals: 34: 579-599.
Manceau, A., Lanson, B., Drits, V.A., Chateigner, D., Gates, W.P., Wu, J., Huo, D., and Stucki, J.W. (2001) Oxidation-reduction mechanism of iron in dioctahedral smectites. I. Crystal chemistry of oxidized reference nontronites. American Mineralogist: 85: 133-152.
Dainyak, L.G., Zviagina, B.B., Rusakov, V.S., and Drits, V.A. (2006) Interpretation of the nontronite-dehydroxylate Mössbauer spectrum using EFG calculations. European Journal of Mineralogy: 18: 753-764.
Gailhanou, H., Blanc, P., Rogez, J., Mikaelian, G., Horiuchi, K., Yamamura, Y., Saito, K., Kawaji, H., Warmont, F., Grenèche, J.M., Vieillard, P., Fialips, C.I., Giffaut, E., and Gaucher, E.C. (2013) Thermodynamic properties of saponite, nontronite, and vermiculite derived from calorimetric measurements. American Mineralogist: 98: 1834-1847.
Martin, R.F., Fontan, F. (2017) Minerals with a French Connection. The Canadian Mineralogist Ed., 178-179.
Baumgartner, Raphael J.; Cuadros, Javier; Michalski, Joseph; Pejcic, Bobby; Laukamp, Carsten; Hu, Siyu; Bourdet, Julien (2022): Chemistry-dependent Raman spectral features of glauconite and nontronite: Implications for mineral identification and provenance analysis. American Mineralogist: 107(6): 1080-1090.
(2023) Nontronite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for NontroniteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Antarctica
 
  • Western Antarctica
    • Antarctic Peninsula
      • Bransfield Strait
Petersen et al. (2004)
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Mid-Atlantic Ridge complex
Bogdanov et al. (2008)
Gablina et al. (2006)
Earth and Planetary Science Letters 48 (1997)
Gablina et al. (2017)
Bonatti et al. (1976)
    • Snake Pit hydrothermal field
Bogdanov et al. (2008)
Bogdanov et al. (2008)
Milinovic +6 other references
Canadian Mineralogist Vol.26 (1988)
Gablina et al. (2017)
Australia
 
  • Australian Capital Territory
    • Paddy's River District
McQueen +2 other references
  • Bonaparte Basin
Gorter et al. (2002)
  • New South Wales
    • Bligh Co.
Ashley et al. (1997)
    • Cunningham Co.
      • Trundle
Narromine 1:250 000 Mine Data Sheets
    • Hardinge Co.
Min Rec (1988) +1 other reference
    • Northumberland Co.
      • Kulnura
England (1984)
      • Woy Woy
England
    • Westmoreland Co.
Graham et al. (2002)
  • Northern Territory
    • Central Desert Region
      • Jervois Station
        • Jervois Range
Robertson (1959)
  • Queensland
    • Cloncurry Shire
      • Selwyn District
Miningdataonline
    • Mareeba Shire
      • Chillagoe
Lehrmann (2012)
      • Mungana
Lehrmann (2012)
    • Rockhampton Region
      • Marlborough
Eggleton
    • Tablelands Region
      • Kinrara National Park
Sutherland
  • South Australia
    • Eyre peninsula
      • Middleback Range
        • Iron Duke Complex
Francis (2010)
Francis (2010)
Francis (2010)
        • Iron Knob
Pring et al. (2000)
Keeling (2017)
      • Port Lincoln
Keeling (2000)
    • Flinders Ranges
      • South Flinders Ranges
        • Peterborough
    • Mt Lofty Ranges
      • North Mt Lofty Ranges
        • Barossa Valley
          • Angaston
        • Burra
Noble et al. (1983) +1 other reference
    • Olary Province
      • Boolcoomatta Reserve (Boolcoomata Station)
  • Tasmania
    • Burnie City
      • Hampshire mining district
        • Kara Mines
Ralph S Bottrill Collection
    • Central Coast municipality
      • South Nietta
R Bottrill
    • Central Highlands municipality
      • Liawenee
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Circular Head municipality
      • Cape Grim district
Sutherland et al. (1967)
      • Marrawah district
        • Redpa
www.crocoite.com (2003)
    • Hobart City
      • Lenah Valley
Bottrill et al. (2008)
    • Huon Valley municipality
      • Huon-Channel region
Taheri
    • Meander Valley municipality
      • Upper Mersey Valley
Anderson (1984)
  • Victoria
    • Golden Plains Shire
Museum Victoria Mineralogy Collection
    • Swan Hill Rural City
      • Lake Boga
  • Western Australia
    • Coolgardie Shire
      • Coolgardie
        • Hampton group
Grguric et al. (2008)
      • Gibraltar Goldfield
Simpson (1948)
    • Cue Shire
      • Cue
Simpson (1948)
    • Derby-West Kimberley Shire
      • Noonkanbah Station
Mineralogical Magazine 1939 25 : 373-387
    • Kalgoorlie-Boulder Shire
      • Bulong Goldfield
Moeskops et al. (1977)
      • Ora Banda Goldfield
tngltd.com.au (2011)
      • Siberia Goldfield (Waverley)
Canadian Mineralogist 32 (1994)
      • Woolibar Station (Hampton Plains Goldfield)
        • South Kal Mines (South Kalgoorlie Gold Mine; HBJ)
Simpson (1948)
    • Laverton Shire
      • Burtville Goldfield
Gibson (1906)
      • Erilstoun Goldfield
Simpson (1948)
      • Laverton
Ravensgate Mineral Industry Consultants (2007)
Murrin Murrin Nickel Laterite Deposit +2 other references
    • Menzies Shire
      • Comet Vale
Simpson (1948)
Simpson (1948)
      • Davyhurst Goldfield
        • Callion
Lintern (1998)
      • Menzies
Simpson (1948)
      • Yerilla Station
Heron Resources Ltd (2008)
    • Mount Magnet Shire
      • Mount Magnet
        • Boogardie Goldfield
Simpson (1948)
    • Ngaanyatjarraku Shire
      • West Musgrave Block
        • Wingellina Community (Irrunytju)
Francesco et al. (2019)
    • Perenjori Shire
      • Karara Conservation Reserve
Jacobson et al. (2007)
    • Plantagenet Shire
Simpson (1948)
    • Port Hedland Shire
      • Abydos Station
        • Wodgina
Simpson (1928)
    • Sandstone Shire
      • Sandstone
Simpson (1948)
    • Westonia Shire
      • Westonia
Simpson et al. (1948)
    • Wiluna Shire
      • Mount Keith
Grguric (2003)
      • Wiluna
a new category within the class of ... +1 other reference
    • Yalgoo Shire
      • Minjar Gold District
Simpson (1948)
      • Paynes Find
        • Paynes Find Goldfield (Goodingnow)
Simpson (1948)
      • Yuin Station
Simpson (1948)
    • Yilgarn Shire
      • Bullfinch
Simpson (1948)
Austria
 
  • Burgenland
    • Oberpullendorf District
      • Markt Sankt Martin
        • Pauliberg
Zirkl (1964) +1 other reference
      • Oberpullendorf
Piso (1970)
      • Stoob
Piso (1970)
  • Carinthia
    • Wolfsberg District
      • Frantschach-Sankt Gertraud
        • Brandrücken
Niedermayr et al. (1995)
  • Lower Austria
    • Horn District
      • Drosendorf-Zissersdorf
        • Wollmersdorf (Zettlitz-Wollmersdorf)
HOFBAUER (1962)
    • Krems-Land District
      • Mühldorf
        • Amstall
Zirkl (1961) +1 other reference
GÖTZINGER (2008)
    • Sankt Pölten-Land District
      • Hafnerbach
        • Hengstberg
BECKE F. (1917)
    • Zwettl District
Carinthia II (2006)
  • Styria
    • Südoststeiermark District
      • Bad Gleichenberg
        • Klausen
Aufschluss 1972 (SB)
      • Feldbach
        • Gossendorf
Exel (1993)
      • Klöch
Taucher et al. (1998)
Azerbaijan
 
  • Baku City
Novgorodova M.I. (caspian Sea)
Belgium
 
  • Wallonia
    • Liège
      • Visé
Hatert et al. (2002)
Bolivia
 
  • Potosí
    • Antonio Quijarro Province
      • Tomave Municipality
        • Tolapampa
Salomon Rivas y Federico Ahlfeld (1998)
Botswana
 
  • North-East District
    • Mupane Gold Project
Glanville et al. (2011)
Brazil
 
  • Bahia
F. Zaccarini (2006)
  • Minas Gerais
    • Conselheiro Pena
      • Barra do Cuieté
Atencio et al. (2004)
    • Cuparaque
      • Aldeia
Cassedanne et al. (1990) +1 other reference
    • Divino das Laranjeiras
      • Linópolis
Cassedanne (1983)
    • Galiléia
      • Sapucaia do Norte
Cassedanne et al. (1999)
    • Jaguaraçu
[Mineralogical Record - Vol 25 No.3]
    • Poços de Caldas
Azzi (2019)
  • Paraná
    • Foz do Iguaçu
Geological Survey Professional Paper 327 (U.S. Department of the Interior, 1959)
  • Piauí
    • Capitão Gervásio de Oliveira
Dybowska et al. (2022)
    • Nazaré do Piauí
Costa et al. (2016)
  • Rio Grande do Sul
Rock Currier specimens
Bulgaria
 
  • Smolyan Province
Bonev (1993)
Cameroon
 
  • East Region
    • Haut-Nyong
      • Lomié
        • Lomié Ultramafic complex
Lambert et al. (2008)
Canada
 
  • Alberta
    • Peace River
Petruk et al. (1977)
  • New Brunswick
    • Charlotte Co.
      • Grand Manan Island
        • Eel Brook Beach
King (n.d.)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
      • Seal Lake alkaline complex (Letitia Lake)
GSC locality database +1 other reference
  • Québec
    • Estrie
      • Le Granit RCM
        • Val-Racine
CLÉMENT
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
HORVÁTH et al. (2000) +1 other reference
Chile
 
  • Atacama
    • Copiapó Province
      • Copiapó
        • Cachiyuyo de Llampos mining district
XRD and SEM-EDS by Joy Desor and ...
China
 
  • Guangdong
    • Heyuan
      • Zijin Co.
Gongsheng Yan (1987)
  • Inner Mongolia
    • Baotou City (Baotou Prefecture)
      • Bayan Obo mining district
        • Bayan Obo
Qingchang Meng (1981)
  • Xinjiang
    • Hami Prefecture (Kumul Prefecture; Qumul Prefecture)
      • Yizhou District
        • Huangshan-Jing'erquan ore belt
Yan Sun et al. (2009)
  • Yunnan
    • Pu'er
      • Mojiang County
Kaiji Yu (1981)
    • Wenshan
      • Malipo County
Kaiji Yu (1981)
Cuba
 
  • Camagüey Province
    • Camagüey District
T. Gallardo et al. (2010)
  • Holguín Province
    • Mayarí District
      • Nikaro Nickel ore field
Lazarenkov et al. (2005)
Cyprus
 
  • Nicosia District
    • Apliki
Antivachis (2015)
    • Skouriotissa
Adamides (2010)
Czech Republic
 
  • Hradec Králové Region
    • Jičín District
      • Lázně Bělohrad
        • Hřídelec
www.mineralos.cz (2003)
  • Karlovy Vary Region
Jan Hloušek
    • Sokolov District
      • Horní Slavkov
Adam Bartnik specimen
  • Olomouc Region
    • Jeseník District
      • Velká Kraš
Kruťa
  • Pardubice Region
    • Chrudim District
Fengl (2.)
Venclík V. (2018)
  • South Bohemian Region
    • Písek District
      • Milevsko
M. Koubov (2001)
  • South Moravian Region
    • Blansko District
Pelíšek J.: Některé nové minerály ...
    • Brno-Country District
Houzar
  • Ústí nad Labem Region
    • Chomutov District
Gramblička R. (2014)
    • Teplice District
      • Moldava
Sejkora (1994)
  • Vysočina Region
    • Jihlava District
      • Kamenice
        • Řehořov
Houzar S.: Přehled minerálů z ...
    • Třebíč District
      • Pokojovice
Houzar
      • Třebíč
        • Řípov
Trnka M (1982)
    • Žďár nad Sázavou District
      • Bory
Staně +4 other references
Staněk
Staněk
Pelíšek
DR Congo
 
  • Haut-Katanga
    • Kambove Territory
      • Shinkolobwe
King (n.d.)
Ecuador
 
  • Galápagos Province
Megan Lubetkin et al. (2018)
Egypt
 
  • Giza Governorate
S. Tosson et al.
El Salvador
 
  • Usulután Department
    • Berlín
Torio-Henríquez (2007)
Finland
 
  • Pirkanmaa
    • Orivesi
      • Eräjärvi area
Chukanov et al. (2009)
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Loire
      • Montbrison
        • Bellegarde-en-Forez
Anthony Geneyton
Gonnard F. (1906)
  • Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
    • Nièvre
      • Château-Chinon
        • Alligny-en-Morvan
Le regne mineral - Hors série N° XIII ... +1 other reference
  • French Polynesia
    • Wallis and Futuna
Pelleter et al. (2017)
  • French Southern and Antarctic Lands
    • Kerguelen Islands
Renac et al. (2010)
  • Grand Est
    • Bas-Rhin
      • Molsheim
        • Wisches
Petrov (n.d.)
  • New Caledonia
    • Northern Province
Cathelineau et al. (2023)
  • Nouvelle-Aquitaine
    • Dordogne
      • Nontron
        • Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière
Fleischer's Glossary of Mineral Species 2004 (as "Saint-Pardoux-la-Rivière") +1 other reference
  • Occitanie
    • Aveyron
      • Villefranche-de-Rouergue
        • Monteils
Favreau et al. (2010)
        • Najac
Inventaire Minéralogique de la France ...
Germany
 
  • Baden-Württemberg
    • Freiburg Region
      • Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
        • Münstertal
          • St Trudpert
Walenta (1992)
      • Lörrach
        • Aitern
www.mineralienatlas.de (2020)
Walenta (1992)
      • Ortenaukreis
        • Gengenbach
          • Gengenbach
Wittern (1995)
        • Haslach im Kinzigtal
          • Haslach im Kinzigtal
Walenta (1992)
        • Oberwolfach
Walenta (1992) +1 other reference
      • Waldshut
        • St Blasien
          • Menzenschwand
Walenta (1992)
  • Bavaria
    • Lower Bavaria
      • Passau District
        • Untergriesbach
Weiß (1990)
      • Regen District
        • Rinchnach
          • Grub
Obermüller (1992)
    • Lower Franconia
      • Haßberge District
        • Maroldsweisach
Wittern (2001)
    • Upper Franconia
      • Hof District
        • Sparneck
          • Reinersreuth
Wittern (2001)
      • Wunsiedel im Fichtelgebirge
        • Tröstauer Forst-West
Lapis (7/8)
        • Weißenstadt
          • Rudolfstein
54. +1 other reference
        • Weißenstadter Forst-Nord
Hirschmann (1987)
    • Upper Palatinate
      • Neustadt an der Waldnaab District
        • Waidhaus
          • Hagendorf
      • Regensburg district
        • Bach an der Donau
Weiß (1990)
Weiß (1990)
        • Bernhardswald
          • Kürn
Weiß (1990)
      • Tirschenreuth District
        • Kemnath
          • Weha
Keck (2010)
        • Leonberg
Goodman (1978) +1 other reference
        • Pechbrunn
Weiß (1990)
        • Wiesau
          • Triebendorf
Weiß (1990)
Dill et al. (2010)
  • Hesse
    • Darmstadt
      • Wetteraukreis
        • Ortenberg
    • Giessen Region
      • Lahn-Dill-Kreis
        • Wetzlar
          • Hermannstein
            • Simberg
Weiß (1990)
    • Kassel Region
      • Kassel
        • Hofgeismar
Weiß (1990)
  • Lower Saxony
    • Goslar District
      • Braunlage
        • St Andreasberg
Stephan Koch photo
Goodman et al. (1976)
    • Göttingen District
      • Adelebsen
Weiß (1990)
      • Dransfeld
Schneiderhöhn (1965) +1 other reference
      • Scheden
        • Meensen
Weiß (1990)
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Westerwaldkreis
      • Wallmerod
        • Hundsangen
Köster (1960)
  • Saxony
    • Erzgebirgskreis
      • Ehrenfriedersdorf
Wittern (2001)
Wittern (2001)
Lapis 30 (7/8)
    • Görlitz District
      • Königshain
Witzke et al. (2012)
    • Mittelsachsen
      • Penig
Wittern: "Mineralfundorte in ...
    • Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge
      • Altenberg
Mineralien-Welt (2)
      • Freital
        • Wurgwitz
www.geologica-saxonica.de (n.d.)
    • Vogtlandkreis
      • Bösenbrunn
        • Schönbrunn
Wittern (2001)
    • Zwickau District
      • Lichtentanne
        • Stenn
Andreas Gerstenberg collection
  • Thuringia
    • Saale-Orla District
      • Bad Lobenstein
Wittern (2001)
      • Wurzbach
        • Weitisberga
Wittern (2001)
Greece
 
  • Attica
    • East Attica
      • Lavreotiki
        • Lavrion Mining District
          • Agios Konstantinos (Kamariza)
          • Plaka
            • Plaka Mines
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
Sørensen (2001) +1 other reference
Hungary
 
  • Baranya County
    • Komló District
      • Magyaregregy
Mineral Species of Hungary
  • Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County
    • Miskolc District
Zajzon N et al. (20014)
    • Sárospatak District
      • Komlóska
Szakáll et al. (1996)
    • Szerencs District
      • Monok
Szakáll: Topographia Mineralogica ...
    • Tokaj District
      • Tarcal
www.geomania.hu (2013)
  • Fejér County
    • Gárdony District
      • Velence
Mineral Species of Hungary
    • Sárszentmiklós
Szakáll: 100 Hungarian Mineral Locality
    • Székesfehérvár District
      • Kőszárhegy
Szakáll: Minerals of Szár Hill
      • Pátka
Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei: Mineral ...
      • Székesfehérvár
Szakáll-Gatter-Szendrei:Mineral ...
  • Heves County
    • Gyöngyös District
      • Gyöngyössolymos
geomania.hu (2013)
      • Gyöngyöstarján
GEODA
GEODA/1997
  • Nógrád County
    • Szanda
GEODA 2004
  • Pest County
    • Szob District
Koch: Minerals of Hungary
  • Veszprém County
    • Ajka District
      • Úrkút
        • Csárda Hill
Polgári et al. (2013)
Iceland
 
  • Southern Region
    • Vestmannaeyjar
      • Vestmannaeyjar archipelago (Westman islands)
        • Surtsey Island
JAKOBSSON et al. (1986) +2 other references
India
 
  • Maharashtra
    • Nashik Division
      • Ahmednagar District
        • Nighoj
Sarkar et al. (2013)
Bill Wise XRD
    • Pune Division
      • Pune District
        • Wagholi
Jewel Tunnel specimens (not x-rayed) +1 other reference
Indian Ocean
 
Maciąg et al. (2019)
  • Southwest Indian Ridge
Linsy et al. (2023)
Indonesia
 
  • Gorontalo Province
Econ Geol (1990)
  • Papua Province
    • Mimika Regency
      • Gunung Bijih District (Grasberg District)
Econ Geol (1997)
Iran
 
  • West Azerbaijan Province
    • Takab County
      • Takab geothermal field
Ali Abedini (2016)
Ireland
 
  • Leinster
    • Kilkenny County
      • Johnstown
Balassone et al. (2008)
Italy
 
  • Apulia
    • Foggia Province
      • Apricena
Ventruti et al. (2020)
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Sestri Levante
Carbone et al. (2002)
  • Piedmont
    • Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province
      • Baceno
        • Devero Alp
  • Tuscany
    • Grosseto Province
      • Massa Marittima
Dill (1979)
    • Livorno Province
      • Rio
De Michele (1974)
  • Tyrrhenian Sea
    • Southern Tyrrhenian Sea
      • Aeolian Arc seamounts
Dekov et al. (2007)
Ivory Coast
 
  • Sassandra-Marahoué
    • Haut-Sassandra
      • Issia department
        • Issia
Allou (2006)
Assaoulé Benjamin Allou (2005)
Assaoulé Benjamin Allou (2005)
Japan
 
  • Fukui Prefecture
    • Ono City
Masaaki Shimizu and J. Toshimichi Iiyama (1982)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
    • Minamisōma City
Atsushi ISHIHARA
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Takachiho
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto (1876-1960)
  • Oita Prefecture
    • Bungo-Ono City
      • Ogata
Dr Yohachiro Okamoto (1876-1960)
  • Saga Prefecture
    • Higashimatsuura district
      • Genkai-cho
        • Hinodematsu
Ishibashi (1974)
    • Ogi City
Dr Yohachiro Okamoto (1876-1960)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
    • Shimoda City
      • Rendaiji
- (unpublished species lists maintained by local collectors) +1 other reference
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Mine City
Dr. Yohachiro Okamoto collection (curated at Geology Museum, Geological Survey of Japan)
Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Kazakhstan
 
  • Aktobe Region
    • Kargaly District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Korobkin et al. (2022)
Korobkin et al. (2022)
Korobkin et al. (2022)
  • Jambyl Region
    • Moiynkum District
Jeremolenko (2002)
Kenya
 
  • Taita-Taveta County
    • Mgama Ridge
Pohl et al. (1979)
Pohl et al. (1979)
Kosovo
 
  • Ferizaj District
    • Shtime
      • Glavika
Mineral deposits and mining districts ... +2 other references
  • Pristina District
    • Drenas (Glogovac)
      • Çikatovë e Vjetër (Cikatovo)
Mineral deposits and mining districts ...
    • Lipjan
Miladinovic et al. (2016)
Madagascar
 
  • Alaotra-Mangoro
    • Amparafaravola District
Collection Collection Musée National ...
King (n.d.)
  • Atsinanana
    • Brickaville District
      • Anjahamana
Besaire (1961)
Behier (1963)
Mexico
 
  • Chihuahua
    • Aquiles Serdán Municipality
      • Santa Eulalia Mining District
        • East Camp
Megaw
        • West Camp
          • Francisco Portillo
Panczner (1987)
    • Saucillo Municipality
      • Naica
Querol +1 other reference
  • Oaxaca
    • San Juan Mixtepec-Juxtlahuaca Municipality
      • Tejocotes
Panczner (1987)
  • San Luis Potosí
    • Villa de La Paz Municipality
      • La Paz
Panczner (1987)
  • Sonora
    • Yécora Municipality
Ed Coogan (Coogan Gold Co.)
  • Zacatecas
    • Concepción del Oro Municipality
      • Aranzazú
Panczner (1987)
Middle East
 
Gross (1977)
Mongolia
 
  • Khovd Province
    • Myangad District
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +2 other references
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
von Bezing (2007)
    • Karibib Constituency
      • Davib Ost Farm 61
Cairncross et al. (2006)
  • ǁKaras Region
    • Karasburg West
      • Ysterputs Farm 254
von Bezing (2007)
Nazca Plate
 
Zawadzki et al. (2022) +1 other reference
New Zealand
 
  • Auckland Region
    • Muriwai
Collection of RJ Martin correlated to ...
  • Canterbury Region
    • Hurunui District
      • Culverden
S. J. Mills
  • Gisborne Region
    • Hicks Bay
Cody et al. (1981)
  • New Zealand Outlying Islands
    • Kermadec Islands
A. G. Reyes et al. (2004)
  • Otago Region
Judy Rowe specimen
  • Waikato Region
    • Hauraki District
      • Waihi
Singh (2015)
    • Taupo District
      • Wairakei
Rae (2007)
Nicaragua
 
  • León Department
Hynek et al. (2013)
Norway
 
  • Buskerud
    • Drammen
      • Konnerud
Ihlen (1986)
Bancroft et al. (2001)
  • Telemark
    • Drangedal
      • Tørdal
Kristiansen (2009)
Oman
 
  • Muscat Governorate
    • Sib
Pacific Ocean
 
  • Bering Sea
Sagalevich et al. (1992) +1 other reference
  • Clarion-Clipperton zone
Skowronek et al. (2021)
... +1 other reference
  • Sea of Okhotsk
    • Deryugin basin
Astakhov et al. (2006)
  • Woodlark Basin
Lisitsyn et al. (1999) +1 other reference
Papua New Guinea
 
  • Bismarck Sea
    • Manus Basin
Zhigang Zeng et al. (12)
  • New Ireland Province
    • Feni Islands
      • Ambitle Island
Pichler et al. (1999)
Peru
 
  • Puno
    • Carabaya Province
O'Connor et al. (2018)
Poland
 
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Karkonosze County
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
      • Szklarska Poręba
        • Jakuszyce
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Lwówek Śląski County
      • Gmina Mirsk
        • Kamień
Lis et al. (1986)
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Świdnica County
Körber et al. (2005)
    • Wałbrzych
Lis et al. (1986)
    • Ząbkowice Śląskie County
      • Gmina Ząbkowice Śląskie
        • Szklary
Pieczka et al. (2013)
    • Złotoryja County
      • Gmina Świerzawa
        • Nowy Kościół
Kuhn et al. (1918)
  • Lublin Voivodeship
    • Chełm County
      • Gmina Siedliszcze
        • Lechówka quarry
Szopa et al. (2015)
Portugal
 
  • Viseu
    • Sátão
      • Ferreira de Aves
        • Quinta da Madalena
desescaut.jy@voila.fr
Russia
 
  • Altai Krai
    • Krasnoshchyokovsky District
webmineral.ru (2020) +1 other reference
    • Rubtsovsky District
Pekov et al. (2011)
  • Chelyabinsk Oblast
    • Agapovsky District
Talovina et al. (2008) +1 other reference
    • Magnitogorsk
      • Sakhara District (Sakharinskii)
        • Sakhara massif
Mikhailov (2000)
    • Verkhny Ufaley
Talovina et al. (2003)
Berger +1 other reference
    • Vishnevye Mountains
webmineral.ru (2016)
  • Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
    • Anadyrsky District
Koeberl et al. (2013)
  • Kemerovo Oblast
    • Chulym-Yenisey basin
Rudmin et al. (Western Siberia)
Pekin et al. (2010) +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Khibiny Massif
Pekov et al. (2004)
    • Kovdorsky District
...
    • Lovozersky District
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
New Data on Minerals M. +1 other reference
      • Suoluaiv Mt
Mikhail Uchitel' data
  • Orenburg Oblast
    • Orsk
      • Khalilovskii District
        • Khabarninskii massif
Mikhailov (2000)
    • Svetlyi District
      • Buruktal District
        • Buruktal massif
Mikhailov (2000)
  • Perm Krai
    • Chastinsky District
      • Efimyata Village
  • Primorsky Krai
    • Dalnegorsk Urban District
Grant et al. (2001)
[World of Stones 12:49]
  • Sakhalin Oblast
    • Kuril Islands (Kurile Islands)
Glasby et al. (2006)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Rezhevsky District
      • Lipovsk pegmatite field
Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.) +1 other reference
    • Serovsky District
      • Serov
        • Kola massif
Mikhailov (2000)
      • Turya river
        • Tur'insk
Kasatkin et al. (2021)
Serbia
 
  • Central Serbia
    • Kolubara District
      • Ljig
        • Avala Mines
Ministry of Mining and Energy (2002)
Slovakia
 
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    • Banská Bystrica District
      • Badín
Koděra (1986)
      • Hrochoť
Koděra (1986)
      • Ľubietová
        • Tri Vody
Martin Števko-unpublished
      • Malachov
Koděra (1986)
Ďuďa R. et al. (Schemnitz)
    • Krupina District
      • Hontianske Nemce
Koděra (1986)
    • Lučenec District
      • Pinciná
Vavrová J. et al. (Pinciná, Slovakia)
    • Žarnovica District
      • Žarnovica
Koděra (1986)
  • Košice Region
    • Košice-okolie District
Pauliš P.
Koděra (1986)
      • Košický Klečenov
Pauliš P.
Matúš Škutka
      • Vyšný Medzev
Koděra (1986)
Koděra (1986)
    • Michalovce District
Matúš Škutka specimen
  • Prešov Region
    • Prešov District
      • Červenica
        • Dubník
Koděra (1986)
Duda et all.
      • Zlatá Baňa
Duda et. all.
    • Vranov nad Topľou District
      • Banské
Duda et all.
Koděra (1986)
Duda et all.
South Africa
 
  • Gauteng
    • City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality
Glass (2006)
  • KwaZulu-Natal
    • Ugu District Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
  • Limpopo
    • Sekhukhune District Municipality
      • Elias Motsoaledi Local Municipality
        • Groblersdal
Atanasova et al. (2016)
    • Waterberg District Municipality
      • Modimolle-Mookgophong Local Municipality
        • Mookgophong
Atanasova et al. (2016)
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
Gutzmer (1996)
Cairncross et al. (1995)
    • Namakwa District Municipality
      • Khâi-Ma Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
South Korea
 
  • North Chungcheong province
    • Yeongdong County
Chil-Sup So et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Andalusia
    • Almería
      • Pulpí
Mendoza et al. (2006)
  • Canary Islands
    • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
      • Tenerife
        • Santa Cruz de Tenerife
Analyzed by XRD by Dr. Joan Vinals (Barcelona)
  • Catalonia
    • Barcelona
      • Baix Llobregat
        • Gavà
          • Bruguers
Bareche (2005)
      • Barcelonès
        • Barcelona city
          • Collserola mountain range
            • Santa Creu d'Olorda
Mata i Perelló (1990)
      • Vallès Occidental-Baix Llobregat
        • Sant Cugat del Vallès-El Papiol
Joaquim Mollfulleda
      • Vallès Oriental
        • Sant Fost de Campsentelles
Joaquim Mollfulleda
    • Girona
      • Alt Empordà
Joaquim Mollfulleda
      • Caldes de Malavella
Joaquim Mollfulleda
      • Maçanet de la Selva
Dr. Joan Viñals
      • Mont-ras
Joan Rosell - Soledad Álvarez - Jordi Ibáñez (2021)
      • Osona
        • Viladrau
Petrov (n.d.)
      • Riudarenes
        • Can Sala
Calvo (2018)
      • Sils
        • Massabè
Calvo (2018)
  • Community of Madrid
Garcia G. et al. (2004)
  • Galicia
    • Pontevedra
      • Ponteareas
Calvo et al. (2009)
      • Porriño
Calvo et al. (2009)
Sweden
 
  • Norrbotten County
    • Gällivare
Bergeat (1914)
  • Örebro County
    • Ljusnarsberg
      • Kopparberg
c1997 +1 other reference
  • Värmland County
    • Eda
Persson (1999)
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Viamala Region
      • Rheinwald
        • Splügen
Stalder et al. (1998)
  • Valais
    • Conthey
      • Chamoson
M. Delaloye (1966)
    • Martigny
      • Mont Chemin mining district
  • Vaud
    • Morges
      • Eclépens
Andermatt (2010)
Taiwan
 
Tajikistan
 
  • Sughd
    • Mastchoh District
      • Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field)
Badalov et al. (1976)
Tonga
 
  • Southern Lau Basin
Stackelberg et al. (1990)
Turkey
 
  • Izmir Province
    • Bergama District
Yahya Çiftçi et al. (2013)
  • Manisa Province
    • Turgutlu District
Masurenko et al. (2007)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Breage
Golley et al. (1995)
Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society (1870)
      • Treverbyn
        • Carludon
          • Carclaze China Clay Pit (Baal China Clay Pit)
Golley et al. (1995)
    • Devon
      • East Devon
        • Budleigh Salterton
Brian Craik-Smith collection
      • Teignbridge
        • Ilsington
Collins (1877)
  • Scotland
    • Highland
      • Eilean á Chèo
        • Isle of Skye
          • Minginish
            • Carbost
              • Talisker
King (n.d.)
    • Shetland Islands
      • Mainland
Stephen (1954) +2 other references
Ukraine
 
  • Crimea
Golubovskaya (2001)
  • Zakarpattia Oblast
    • Uzhhorod Raion
Museum Victoria (Australia)
USA
 
  • Alabama
    • Clay County
      • Ashland Mining District
Cook et al. (1982)
    • Dale County
Rocks & Min 70:5 pp 320-333
  • Arizona
    • Cochise County
      • Dos Cabezas Mountains
        • Dos Cabezas Mining District (Two Heads Mining District)
          • Comstock Mine area
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Whetstone Mining District
www.caves.org +1 other reference
    • Gila County
      • Globe-Miami Mining District
        • Miami-Inspiration Mining District
          • Miami
            • Miami-Inspiration deposit
Schwartz (1947) +1 other reference
      • Sierra Ancha Mountains
        • Sierra Ancha Mining District
          • Asbestos Point (Asbestos Peak) area
            • Warm Spring Canyon
Granger (1959)
Granger (1969) +1 other reference
            • Rose Creek Lodge area
MRDS database Dep. ID #10027327
    • Graham County
      • Aravaipa Mining District
        • Santa Teresa Mountains
          • Stanley Mining District
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Greenlee County
Schwartz (1947) +3 other references
      • Morenci
Moolick et al. (1966) +1 other reference
    • Pima County
Gilluly (1937) +1 other reference
        • Little Ajo Mountains
          • Ajo
Thomas et al. (1983)
Gilluly (1946)
      • Helvetia-Rosemont Mining District
        • Mount Fagan
Schrader (1915) +2 other references
      • Sierrita Mountains
        • Pima Mining District (Olive Mining District; Mineral Hill Mining District; Twin Buttes Mining District)
          • Twin Buttes
Anthony et al. (1995)
    • Pinal County
      • Bunker Hill District (Copper Creek District)
Anthony et al. (1995)
      • Scott Mountain
Schwartz (1952) +2 other references
    • Yavapai County
      • Black Hills (Black Hill Range)
        • Verde Mining District
          • Jerome
Galbraith (1959)
Jerry A. Baird photo of specimen now in ...
  • Arkansas
    • Garland County
      • Wilson Springs (Potash Sulfur Springs)
        • Union Carbide Mine
Howard +1 other reference
    • Hot Spring County
Erickson +1 other reference
Erickson +1 other reference
    • Pulaski County
      • Little Rock
        • Granite Mountain area
Henry Barwood - unpublished (2010)
  • California
Murdoch (1966)
    • El Dorado County
      • East Segment Mother Lode
        • Georgetown District
          • Georgetown
Murdoch (1966)
    • Inyo County
      • Inyo Mts (Inyo Range)
        • Kearsarge Mining District [2]
          • Kearsarge
Paul M. Adams (2003)
    • Kern County
Harvard Museum of Natural History ...
      • Piute Mountains
        • Weldon District
          • Weldon
Hess (1922) +1 other reference
      • Woody Mining District
griffithite +3 other references
    • Los Angeles County
      • Agoura Hills
Fred DeVito collection
    • Mariposa County
      • East Belt
[… (abstract) +2 other references
    • Modoc County
      • Alturas
767 pp.: 129 +2 other references
      • Warner Mountains
        • High Grade Mining District (Hoag Mining District)
          • Willow Ranch
- (2005)
    • Mono County
      • Benton Range
        • Chidago Mining District
          • Banner Ridge
            • Black Rock Canyon
Lemmon (1941b) +1 other reference
    • Nevada County
Murdoch (1966)
    • Placer County
      • Forest Hill Mining District
        • Bath
Hanks (1886) +1 other reference
    • Riverside County
      • Jurupa Valley
        • Crestmore
          • Crestmore quarries
            • Sky Blue Hill
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 440. +3 other references
        • Jurupa Mountains
DeVito et al. (1984)
      • Riverside
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 440. +2 other references
    • San Diego County
      • Banner Mining District
        • Banner
Weber (1963)
    • San Francisco County
      • San Francisco
Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 441. +2 other references
  • Colorado
    • Archuleta County
      • Wolf Creek Pass
Hampson (2004)
    • Boulder County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • El Paso County
      • Crystal Park
C.R. Carnein collection +1 other reference
C.R. Carnein collection
    • Grand County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Jefferson County
      • Golden Mining District
        • Golden
Rocks & Minerals 79:4
Wilson (1988)
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Larimer County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Mineral County
      • Creede Mining District
Kucera (2021)
Eckel et al. (1997)
      • Wolf Creek Pass
Rocks & Minerals 79:5 pp316-324
    • Saguache County
      • Bonanza Mining District (Kerber Creek Mining District; Blake Mining District)
- (2005)
    • San Miguel County
Eckel et al. (1997)
    • Teller County
      • Cripple Creek Mining District
        • Cripple Creek
Carnein et al. (2005)
King (n.d.)
Carnein et al. (2005)
Eckel et al. (1997)
  • Connecticut
    • Middlesex County
      • Haddam
        • Higganum
Schooner (circa 1980s)
Milton (1977)
  • Hawaii
    • Honolulu County
      • Oahu Island
        • Koolau Range (Koolau caldera)
          • Kailua
Fujishima et al. (1977)
White (1984)
Dunham (1933)
Dunham (1933)
  • Idaho
    • Latah County
      • Troy Mining District
        • Deary
- (2005)
    • Lemhi County
      • Blackbird Mining District
        • Blackbird mine complex
- (2005)
    • Owyhee County
      • Murphy Area
        • Route 78
King (n.d.)
    • Shoshone County
      • Lelande Mining District
Ream (2004)
  • Kansas
    • Woodson County
Am Min 44:1082-1086
  • Maine
    • Androscoggin County
      • Auburn
        • West Mount Apatite Mining District
    • Oxford County
      • Albany
King
      • Greenwood
        • Uncle Tom Mountain
King (n.d.) +1 other reference
      • Peru
Dionne et al. (2014)
      • Rumford
King (n.d.)
Tim Blake and Scott Soucey specimens
    • Sagadahoc County
      • Bowdoinham
Vandall King
      • Georgetown
King (n.d.)
      • Topsham
Vandall King
King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994)
King et al. (1994)
  • Maryland
    • Howard County
      • Ellicott City
ref.: Minerals of the Washington
  • Michigan
 ...
...
      • Palmer
American Mineralogist (1940)
  • Minnesota
    • Crow Wing County
USGS Prof Paper 407
Schmidt (1963)
  • Montana
    • Jefferson County
      • Whitehall Mining District (Cardwell Mining District)
Gnanou (2018)
Gnanou (2018)
        • Golden Sunlight Mine (Telluride and Excelsior; Moonlight Buffalo; Blue Moose; Minera Hill; Sunlight)
Gnanou (2018)
    • Lewis and Clark County
      • Blue Cloud Mining District
- (2005)
    • Silver Bow County
The Mineralogy of The Butte District +2 other references
Anaconda Mining Company Collection
    • Stillwater County
- (n.d.)
  • Nevada
    • Churchill County
      • Toy Mining District
NBMG Bull 83 Geology and Mineral ...
    • Elko County
      • Contact Mining District
Castor et al. (2004) +1 other reference
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Elk Mountain Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Gold Circle Mining District (Midas Mining District)
Leavitt et al. (2004)
      • Ivanhoe Mining District
- (2005)
    • Esmeralda County
      • Weepah Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Humboldt County
      • Awakening Mining District
Jackson et al. (2007)
      • Osgood Mountains
        • Potosi Mining District
- (2005)
Belkis Mineral Co. Arizona
      • Red Butte Mining District
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lander County
      • Bullion Mining District
Mankins (2022)
      • McCoy Mining District
U. S. Geological Survey Open-File ...
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Lincoln County
      • Tem Piute Mining District
- (2005)
    • Lyon County
      • Singatse Range
        • Yerington Mining District
          • Ludwig
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Mineral County
Castor et al. (2004)
      • Fitting Mining District
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Pershing County
      • Humboldt Range
        • Wright Canyon
USBM IC-6902
    • White Pine County
Castor et al. (2004)
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Hampshire
    • Carroll County
Meyers et al. (1956)
        • Redstone
AmMin 12:307-319
    • Grafton County
      • Groton
Whitmore et al. (2004)
    • Rockingham County
      • Newington
        • Great Bay National Wildlife Refuge
Nora K. Foley et al. (2006)
  • New Jersey
    • Somerset County
      • Bernards Township
Maertens (2007)
      • Bernardsville
Cummings
    • Sussex County
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Dunn (1995) +1 other reference
      • Vernon Township
        • McAfee
Jack Baum
  • New Mexico
    • Grant County
Northrop et al. (1996)
Northrop et al. (1996)
    • Rio Arriba County
Patrick Haynes
    • Socorro County
Northrop et al. (1996)
  • North Carolina
    • Alexander County
Charles Palache
    • Mitchell County
      • Cane Creek Section
Excalibur Mineral Corporation
      • Spruce Pine
King (n.d.)
Anthony
  • Oregon
    • Benton County
      • Coffin Butte
Tschernich (1992)
    • Clackamas County
      • Estacada
        • Clackamas River localities
King (n.d.)
    • Douglas County
      • Drain
Rudy Tschernich Zeolite Collection
    • Lake County
Stewart et al. (1966)
    • Lane County
      • McKenzie River
Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
      • Springfield
Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4 +1 other reference
Micro Probe Volume VI Number 4
Micro Probe Vol. 6 No. 4
  • Pennsylvania
    • Lehigh County
New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral ...
      • Salisbury Township
ref.: "Mineralogy of Pennsylvania"
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence County
      • Lincoln
        • Lime Rock
  • South Dakota
    • Lawrence County
      • Bald Mountain Mining District (Portland Mining District)
Tom Loomis
  • Texas
    • Hudspeth County
      • Quitman Mountains
Smith (1991)
    • Llano County
Economic Geology +5 other references
  • Utah
    • Juab County
      • Tintic Mining District
        • Silver City
makalu.jpl.nasa.gov (n.d.)
    • Piute County
Bullock (1981)
    • Salt Lake County
      • Bingham Mining District
James R. Wilson (1995) +1 other reference
    • Tooele County
      • Gold Hill Mining District (Clifton Mining District)
        • Gold Hill
Bullock (1981)
Bullock (1981) +1 other reference
      • Stockton Mining District
Bullock (1981)
    • Utah County
Bullock (1981)
  • Virginia
Dietrich (1990)
MINERALS OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY (R.S Mitchell, W.F. Giannini)
      • North Garden
Dietrich (1990)
    • Culpeper County
      • Mitchell
www.VaRockHound.com
Dietrich (1990)
    • Rockbridge County
Dietrich (1990)
      • Northern Section-Blue Ridge Province
        • Montebello
Rocks&Min. 47:596 (1972)
  • Washington
    • Benton County
Tschernich (1992)
    • Grant County
      • Warden
T Douglas Schonewald Collection
    • Spokane County
Cannon (1975)
    • Wahkiakum County
      • Altoona
Karl Volkman specimen
    • Whitman County
      • Colfax
Cannon (1975)
Cannon (1975)
  • West Virginia
    • Pendleton County
Rocks & Minerals 68:167 +1 other reference
Vanuatu
 
Iizasa et al. (1998)
Zambia
 
  • North-Western Province
    • Solwezi District
MacIntyre (2019)
Zimbabwe
 
  • Mashonaland West
    • Chegutu District
Oberthür et al. (2013)
Mars
 
  • Aeolis quadrangle
    • Gale Crater
      • Aeolis Palus
Several papers on: Science Express
  • Oxia Palus quadrangle
Gornitz (2008)
  • Syrtis Major quadrangle
Vivien Gornitz (2005) +1 other reference
  • Valles Marineris
Gurgurewicz J. (Valles Marineris, Mars)
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