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Piemontite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Piemontite

Yuba Cañon, Peavine Peak, Peavine Mining District, Washoe County, Nevada, USA

Piemontite

Picuris District, Taos County, New Mexico, USA

Piemontite

Praborna Mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy

Piemontite

Yuba Cañon, Peavine Peak, Peavine Mining District, Washoe County, Nevada, USA

Piemontite

Picuris District, Taos County, New Mexico, USA

Piemontite

Praborna Mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy

Piemontite

Yuba Cañon, Peavine Peak, Peavine Mining District, Washoe County, Nevada, USA

Piemontite

Picuris District, Taos County, New Mexico, USA

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About PiemontiteHide

Flag of Piedmont, Italy

Formula:

(CaCa)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Colour:

Red, red-violet, red-brown to reddish black

Lustre:

Vitreous

Hardness:

6 - 6½

Specific Gravity:

3.46 - 3.54

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Member of:

Epidote Group > Epidote Supergroup

Name:

Piemontite was first described from the Prabornaz mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley (until 1946 Aosta Valley was a province of Piedmont), Italy in 1758 by Cronstedt as "röd Magnesia", and again as “Manganèse rouge” by Chevalier Napione in 1790. He also provided a chemical analysis. On the basis of Napione's chemical data Haüy designated the substance as “Manganèse oxidé violet silicifère” in 1801. Cordier (1803) did a new analysis and acknowledged the similarities between piemontite and epidot and named the mineral “Èpidote manganésifere.” A name that was used both by German and English speaking scientists (Manganepidot and manganesian epidote respectively) . Also Haüy (1822) adopted the name “Èpidote manganésifere.” in his grand work Traité de Mineralogie. Werner (1817) chose the name "Piemontischer Braunstein", which was shortened to piedmontite in 1853 by Kenngott, using the English name for the region. Today the Italian spelling is used: piemontite.

Type Locality:

ⓘ Praborna Mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy

Clinozoisite Subgroup of the Epidote Group.
Piemontite-Epidote Series. The Al₂Mn³⁺ analogue of Epidote.

"Piemontite" has two different uses: Piemontite (sensu stricto) is the mineral species described here, but more commonly "piemontite" refers incorrectly to deep red colored, Mn³⁺-bearing epidotes that are really varieties of the species epidote, and not strictly speaking piemontite. "Piemontites" rarely contain more than 40% of the piemontite molecule, so many "piemontites" in collections (and pictured here in Mindat) are really Mn-rich red varieties of epidote. (See for example: Ashley (1984), Kawachi et al. (1983), and Martin & Lombardo (1995).)

May be confused with namansilite.

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3208

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3208:3

GUID
(UUID V4):

b9da7d21-4885-4223-af44-d11c17efc871

IMA Classification of PiemontiteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Ca₂(Al₂Mn³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)

Classification of PiemontiteHide

Strunz-mindat (2024):

9.BG.05a

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
G : Sorosilicates with mixed SiO₄ and Si₂O₇ groups; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination

Dana 8th ed.:

58.2.1a.11

58 : SOROSILICATES Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups
2 : Insular, Mixed, Single, and Larger Tetrahedral Groups with cations in [6] and higher coordination; single and double groups (n = 1, 2)

Hey's CIM Ref.:

16.16.22

16 : Silicates Containing Aluminum and other Metals
16 : Aluminosilicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

Symbol	Source	Reference
Pmt	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
Pmt	Whitney & Evans (2010)	Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W. (2010) Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95, 185–187 doi:10.2138/am.2010.3371
Pie	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019)	The Canadian Mineralogist (2019) The Canadian Mineralogist list of symbols for rock- and ore-forming minerals (December 30, 2019). download

Physical Properties of PiemontiteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous

Transparency:

Translucent, Opaque

Colour:

Red, red-violet, red-brown to reddish black

Streak:

Reddish

Hardness:

6 - 6½ on Mohs scale

Tenacity:

Brittle

Cleavage:

Perfect
Perfect on {001}
Poor on {100}

Fracture:

Irregular/Uneven

Density:

3.46 - 3.54 g/cm³ (Measured) 3.45 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of PiemontiteHide

Type:

Biaxial (+)

RI values:

n_α = 1.725 - 1.756 n_β = 1.730 - 1.789 n_γ = 1.750 - 1.832

2V:

Measured: 50° to 86°, Calculated: 54° to 86°

Max Birefringence:

δ = 0.025 - 0.076

Image shows birefringence interference colour range (at 30µm thickness)
and does not take into account mineral colouration.

Surface Relief:

High

Dispersion:

r > v strong

Pleochroism:

Visible

Comments:

X= light yellow, orange to pink
Y= pale violet to deep lavender
Z= pink to deep red

Chemistry of PiemontiteHide

Mindat Formula:

(CaCa)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Elements listed:

Al, Ca, H, Mn, O, Si - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Common Impurities:

Fe,Ti,Na,K,H₂O

Crystallography of PiemontiteHide

Crystal System:

Monoclinic

Class (H-M):

2/m - Prismatic

Space Group:

P2₁/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 8.878(10) Å, b = 5.692(5) Å, c = 10.201(10) Å
β = 115.25°

Ratio:

a:b:c = 1.56 : 1 : 1.792

Unit Cell V:

466.24 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Prismatic, bladed or acicular crystals.

Twinning:

{100} uncommon, lamellar

Crystal StructureHide

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0000191	Piemontite	Dollase W A (1969) Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite American Mineralogist 54 710-717	1969		293
0001202	Piemontite	Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1988) Thermal behavior of the crystal structure of strontian piemontite American Mineralogist 73 1370-1376	1988		293
0001203	Piemontite	Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1988) Thermal behavior of the crystal structure of strontian piemontite American Mineralogist 73 1370-1376	1988		293
0001798	Piemontite	Bonazzi P, Menchetti S, Reinecke T (1996) Solid solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece American Mineralogist 81 735-742	1996		293
0003586	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003587	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003588	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003589	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003590	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003591	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003592	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003593	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003594	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003595	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0003596	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasaka M (2004) An X-ray Rietveld study of piemontite on the join Ca2Al3Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Mn3+3Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 89 1119-1129	2004		293
0016953	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246	2010	synthetic	293
0016954	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Akasada M (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mossbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2FeSi3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2MnSi3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis American Mineralogist 95 1237-1246	2010	synthetic	293
0006434	Piemontite	Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33	1992	Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy	293
0006435	Piemontite	Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33	1992	Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy	293
0006436	Piemontite	Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33	1992	Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy	293
0006437	Piemontite	Bonazzi P, Garbarino C, Menchetti S (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy European Journal of Mineralogy 4 23-33	1992	Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy	293
0018299	Piemontite	Nagashima M, Armbruster T, Akasaka M, Minakawa T (2010) Crystal chemistry of Mn2+-, Sr-rich and REE-bearing piemontite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences 105 142-150	2010	Kamisugai mine, Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan	293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Piemontite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Dollase W A'
_journal_name_full 'American Mineralogist'
_journal_volume 54 
_journal_year 1969
_journal_page_first 710
_journal_page_last 717
_publ_section_title
;
 Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite
;
_database_code_amcsd 0000191
_chemical_formula_sum 'Ca1.87 Sr.13 Si3 Al1.97 Mn.72 Fe.31 O13 H'
_cell_length_a 8.878
_cell_length_b 5.692
_cell_length_c 10.201
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 115.40
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 465.663
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      3.492
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'P 1 21/m 1'
loop_
_space_group_symop_operation_xyz
  'x,y,z'
  'x,1/2-y,z'
  '-x,1/2+y,-z'
  '-x,-y,-z'
loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_occupancy
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Ca1   0.75740   0.75000   0.15330   1.00000   0.00975
Ca2   0.59790   0.75000   0.42500   0.87000   0.01026
Sr2   0.59790   0.75000   0.42500   0.13000   0.01026
Si1   0.34100   0.75000   0.04480   1.00000   0.00659
Si2   0.68460   0.25000   0.27450   1.00000   0.00646
Si3   0.18550   0.75000   0.31970   1.00000   0.00443
Al1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.80000   0.00595
Mn1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.14000   0.00595
Fe1   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.06000   0.00595
Al2   0.00000   0.00000   0.50000   1.00000   0.00709
Mn3   0.29570   0.25000   0.22160   0.58000   0.00494
Fe3   0.29570   0.25000   0.22160   0.25000   0.00494
Al3   0.29570   0.25000   0.22160   0.17000   0.00494
O1   0.23300   0.99120   0.03560   1.00000   0.01026
O2   0.30580   0.97950   0.35500   1.00000   0.01013
O3   0.79630   0.01630   0.33780   1.00000   0.01026
O4   0.05880   0.25000   0.13180   1.00000   0.00747
O5   0.04240   0.75000   0.14730   1.00000   0.00887
O6   0.06860   0.75000   0.40910   1.00000   0.00785
O7   0.51450   0.75000   0.18050   1.00000   0.01013
O8   0.52760   0.25000   0.31400   1.00000   0.01165
O9   0.62080   0.25000   0.09860   1.00000   0.01254
O10   0.08680   0.25000   0.43300   1.00000   0.00760
H1   0.04000   0.25000   0.36000   1.00000 ?
loop_
_atom_site_aniso_label
_atom_site_aniso_U_11
_atom_site_aniso_U_22
_atom_site_aniso_U_33
_atom_site_aniso_U_12
_atom_site_aniso_U_13
_atom_site_aniso_U_23
Ca1 0.01434 0.01067 0.01075 0.00000 0.00936 0.00000
Ca2 0.00945 0.01707 0.00602 0.00000 0.00187 0.00000
Sr2 0.00945 0.01707 0.00602 0.00000 0.00187 0.00000
Mn3 0.00293 0.00591 0.00602 0.00000 0.00150 0.00000
Fe3 0.00293 0.00591 0.00602 0.00000 0.00150 0.00000
Al3 0.00293 0.00591 0.00602 0.00000 0.00150 0.00000
O9 0.01857 0.02462 0.00989 0.00000 0.01123 0.00000

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4a: Earth’s earliest continental crust	>4.4-3.0
20 : Acidic volcanic rocks
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism
31 : Thermally altered carbonate, phosphate, and iron formations
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits

Geological Setting:

Greenschist to amphibolite grade regional metamorphism, metasomatised manganese deposits, low temperature hydrothermal veins.

Type Occurrence of PiemontiteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Praborna Mine, Saint-Marcel, Aosta Valley, Italy

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Synonyms of PiemontiteHide

Piedmontite

Manganepidote (in part)

Other Language Names for PiemontiteHide

French:Epidote Manganèsifère

German:Piedmontit
Piemontit

Russian:Пьемонтит

Simplified Chinese:红帘石

Spanish:Piedmontita
Piemontita

Varieties of PiemontiteHide

Strontium-bearing Piemontite

A strontian variety of Piemontite.

Relationship of Piemontite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Epidote Group > Epidote Supergroup

Other Members of this group:

Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Epidote-(Sr)	(CaSr)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Hancockite	(CaPb)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Mukhinite	(CaCa)(AlAlV³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon.
Niigataite	(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Piemontite-(Pb)	(CaPb)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Piemontite-(Sr)	(CaSr)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Tweddillite	(CaSr)(Mn³⁺AlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
Unnamed (Fe3+ analogue of Piemontite-(Pb))	(CaPb)(Fe³⁺AlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Piemontite)	(CaCa)(Fe³⁺AlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Unnamed (Fe3+-analogue of Piemontite-(Sr))	(CaSr)(Fe³⁺AlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)	(CaCa)(AlAlGa³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)

Forms a series with:

Epidote

Piemontite-Epidote Series

Common AssociatesHide

Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:

35 photos of Piemontite associated with Quartz	SiO₂
23 photos of Piemontite associated with Braunite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₆(SiO₄)O₈
20 photos of Piemontite associated with Calcite	CaCO₃
16 photos of Piemontite associated with Roméite Group	A₂(Sb⁵⁺)₂O₆Z
11 photos of Piemontite associated with Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9 photos of Piemontite associated with Thulite	{Ca₂}{Al,Mn³⁺₃}(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)O(OH)
7 photos of Piemontite associated with Cyprine	Ca₁₉Cu²⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀](OH)(OH)₉
5 photos of Piemontite associated with Grossular	Ca₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃
5 photos of Piemontite associated with Ardennite-(V)	Mn²⁺₄Al₄(AlMg)(VO₄)(SiO₄)₂(Si₃O₁₀)(OH)₆
5 photos of Piemontite associated with Powellite	Ca(MoO₄)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

9.BG.	Shuiskite-(Cr)	Ca₂Cr³⁺Cr³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.	Alnaperbøeite-(Ce)	Ca(Ce_2.5Na_0.5)(AlAl₂Al)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.	Magnesiovesuvianite	Ca₁₉MgAl₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀](OH)(OH)₉	Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.	Alumovesuvianite	Ca₁₉AlAl₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉	Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.	Zoisite-(Pb)	(CaPb)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.	Vielleaureite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(MgAlMn²⁺)F[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.	Heflikite	(CaCa)(AlAlSc)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.	Zilbermintsite-(La)	(CaLa₅)(Fe³⁺Al₃Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₅O(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Allanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Allanite-(La)	(CaLa)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Allanite-(Y)	(CaY)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon.
9.BG.05a	Clinozoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Dissakisite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(AlAlMg)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Dollaseite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(MgAlMg)F[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05a	Epidote	(CaCa)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05a	Hancockite	(CaPb)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Khristovite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(MgAlMn²⁺)F[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05a	Mukhinite	(CaCa)(AlAlV³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon.
9.BG.05	Piemontite-(Sr)	(CaSr)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Manganiandrosite-(La)	(Mn²⁺La)(Mn³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Tweddillite	(CaSr)(Mn³⁺AlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Ferriallanite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(Fe³⁺AlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Niigataite	(CaSr)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Manganiandrosite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(Mn³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Dissakisite-(La)	(CaLa)(AlAlMg)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Vanadoandrosite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(V³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Uedaite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05a	Epidote-(Sr)	(CaSr)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Allanite-(Nd)	(CaNd)(AlAlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Unnamed (Mg-analogue of Ferriallanite-(Ce))	(CaCe)(Fe³⁺AlMg)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9.BG.05b	Unnamed (Mn3+-analogue of Ferriakasakaite-(Ce))	(CaCe)(Mn³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9.BG.05b	Ferriallanite-(La)	(CaLa)(Fe³⁺AlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Åskagenite-(Nd)	(Mn²⁺Nd)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Piemontite-(Pb)	(CaPb)(AlAlMn³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Vanadoallanite-(La)	(CaLa)(V³⁺AlFe²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Ferriandrosite-(La)	(Mn²⁺La)(Fe³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05	Androsite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(AlAlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9.BG.05a v	Unnamed (Ga-analogue of Epidote)	(CaCa)(AlAlGa³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9.BG.05b	UM1989-32-SiO:AlCaFeHREE	(Ca_0.5◻_0.5REE)(AlAlFe³⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)
9.BG.05b	Manganiakasakaite-(La)	(CaLa)(Mn³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.05b	Ferriakasakaite-(Ce)	(CaCe)(Fe³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.9.BG.	Ferriakasakaite-(La)	(CaLa)(Fe³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.9.BG.	Ferriandrosite-(Ce)	(Mn²⁺Ce)(Fe³⁺AlMn²⁺)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.9.BG	Ferriperbøeite-(Ce)	CaCe₃(Fe³⁺Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.10	Zoisite	(CaCa)(AlAlAl)O[Si₂O₇][SiO₄](OH)	Orth. mmm (2/m 2/m 2/m) : Pnma
9.BG.15	Macfallite	Ca₂Mn³⁺₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.15	Sursassite	Mn²⁺₂Al₃(SiO₄)(Si₂O₇)(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.20	Julgoldite-(Fe2+)	Ca₂Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Okhotskite	Ca₂Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Pumpellyite-(Fe2+)	Ca₂Fe²⁺Al₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH,O)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Pumpellyite-(Fe3+)	Ca₂Fe³⁺Al₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH,O)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Pumpellyite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgAl₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Pumpellyite-(Mn2+)	Ca₂Mn²⁺Al₂(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Shuiskite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgCr³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Julgoldite-(Fe3+)	Ca₂Fe³⁺Fe³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂O	Mon.
9.BG.20	Pumpellyite-(Al)	Ca₂Al₃(Si₂O₇)(SiO₄)(OH,O)₂ · H₂O	Mon. 2/m
9.BG.20	Poppiite	Ca₂V³⁺V³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BG.20	Julgoldite-(Mg)	Ca₂MgFe³⁺₂[Si₂O₆OH][SiO₄](OH)₂(OH)	Mon.
9.BG.25	Ganomalite	Pb₉Ca₅Mn(Si₂O₇)₄(SiO₄)O	Hex. 6 : P6
9.BG.25	Wayneburnhamite	Pb₉Ca₆(Si₂O₇)₃(SiO₄)₃	Hex. 6 : P6
9.BG.30	Rustumite	Ca₁₀(Si₂O₇)₂(SiO₄)(OH)₂Cl₂	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
9.BG.35	Vesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35	Wiluite	Ca₁₉MgAl₄(Al,Mg)₈(B,◻)₄◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(O,OH)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35	Manganvesuvianite	Ca₁₉Mn³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH)₉	Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35	Fluorvesuvianite	Ca₁₉Fe³⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(F,OH)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35	Cyprine	Ca₁₉Cu²⁺Al₄(Al₆Mg₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀](OH)(OH)₉	Tet. 4/m : P4/n
9.BG.35	Hongheite	Ca₁₉Fe²⁺Al₄(Fe³⁺,Mg)₈(◻₄)B[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀]O(OH,O)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35	Milanriederite	(Ca₁₈[REE])Fe³⁺Al₄(Mg₄Al₄)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₁₀](OH)(OH)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.35	Manaevite-(Ce)	(Ca₁₃Ce₄[H₂O]₂)Mg(Al₃Mg)(Mg₃Ti₃Fe³⁺₂)(◻₄)◻[Si₂O₇]₄[(SiO₄)₈(H₄O₄)₂]O(OH)₉	Tet. 4/mmm (4/m 2/m 2/m) : P4/nnc
9.BG.40	Vyuntspakhkite-(Y)	(Y,Yb)₄Al_2.5-1.5(Si,Al)_1.5-2.5(SiO₄)₄O(OH)₇	Mon.
9.BG.45	Dellaite	Ca₆Si₃O₁₁(OH)₂	Tric.
9.BG.50	Gatelite-(Ce)	CaCe₃(AlAl₂Mg)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/b
9.BG.50	Perbøeite-(Ce)	CaCe₃(AlAl₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.50	Ferriperbøeite-(La)	CaLa₃(Fe³⁺Al₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.50	Perbøeite-(La)	CaLa₃(AlAl₂Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.55	Västmanlandite-(Ce)	CaCe₃(MgAl₂Mg)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₃F(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.60	Radekškodaite-(La)	(CaLa₅)(Al₄Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₅O(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.60	Radekškodaite-(Ce)	(CaCe₅)(Al₄Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₅O(OH)₃	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
9.BG.60	Radekškodaite Group	(CaM₅)([Fe³⁺Al₃]Fe²⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]₅O(OH)₃

Other InformationHide

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References for PiemontiteHide

Reference List:

Cordier, L. (1803) Analyse du Mineral connu sous le nom de Mine de Manganese violet du Piemont, faite au Labratoire del'Ecole de Mines. Journal des mines: 13(74): 135-142.

Kenngott, A. (1853) Piemontit. in Das Mohs’sche Mineralsystem, Verlag und Druck (Wien): 74-75.

Short, A.M. (1933) A chemical and optical study of Piedmontite from Shadow Lake, Madera County, California, American Mineralogist: 18: 493-500.

Marmo, V., Neuvonen, K.J., Ojanperä, P. (1959) The piedmontites of piedmont (Italy), Kajlidongri (India), and Marampa (Sierra Leone). Bulletin de la Commission Géologique de Findlande: 184: 11-20.

(1962) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Mineralogical Society, 33 (258) 260-263 doi:10.1180/minmag.1962.033.258.09

Welin, E. (1968) Notes on the mineralogy of Sweden 6. X-ray powder data for minerals from Långban and the related mineral deposits of Central Sweden. Arkiv för Mineralogi och Geologi, 4. 499-541

Dollase, W.A. (1969) Crystal structure and cation ordering of piemontite. American Mineralogist: 54: 710-717.

(1980) International Mineralogical Association: Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. Mineralogical Magazine, 43 (332) 1053-1055 doi:10.1180/minmag.1980.043.332.17

Kawachi, Y., Grapes, R.H., Coombs, D.S., Dowse, M. (1983) Mineralogy and petrology of a piemontite-bearing schist, western Otago, New Zealand. Journal of Metamorphic Geology: 1: 353-371.

Ashley, P.M. (1984) Piemontite‐bearing rocks from the Olary District, South Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences: 31: 203-216.

Catti, M., Ferraris, G., Ivaldi, G. (1989) On the crystal chemistry of strontian piemontite with some remarks on the nomenclature of the epidote group. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Monatshefte: 1989: 357-366.

Bonazzi, Paola, Garbarino, Carlo, Menchetti, Silvio (1992) Crystal chemistry of piemontites: REE-bearing piemontite from Monte Brugiana, Alpi Apuane, Italy. European Journal of Mineralogy, 4 (1) 23-34 doi:10.1127/ejm/4/1/0023

Jiménez-Millán, J. and Velilla, N. (1993) Compositional variation of piemontites from different Mn-rich rock-types of the Iberian Massif (SW Spain). Eur. J. Mineral. 5, 961-970.

Bermanec, V., Armbruster, T., Oberhänsli, R. (1994) Crystal chemistry of Pb- and REE-rich piemontite from Nezilovo, Macedonia. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen, 74. 321-328

Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S. (1994) Structural variations induced by heat treatment in allanite and REE-bearing piemontite. American Mineralogist: 79: 1176-1184.

Martin, L. (1995) Museo Regionale Di Scienze Naturali: 13: 103-126.

Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S., Reinecke, T. (1996) Solid solution between piemontite and androsite-(La), a new mineral of the epidote group from Andros Island, Greece. American Mineralogist: 81: 735-742.

Della Ventura, Giancarlo, Mottana, Annibale, Parodi, Gian Carlo, Griffin, William L. (1996) FTIR spectroscopy in the OH-stretching region of monoclinic epidotes from Praborna (St. Marcel, Aosta valley, Italy) European Journal of Mineralogy, 8 (4) 655-666 doi:10.1127/ejm/8/4/0655

Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., Zussman, J. (1997) Rock-Forming Minerals (2nd ed.) Vol. 1b - Disilicates and Ring Silicates. The Geological Society.

Izadyar, J. (2000) Chemical compositon of piemontites and reaction relations of piemontite and spessartine in piemontite-quartz schists of central Shikoku, Sanbagawa metomorphic belt, Japan. Schweizerische mineralogische und petrographische Mitteilungen: 80(2): 199-211.

Langer, K., Tillmanns, E., Kersten, M., Almen, H., Arni, R.K. (2002) The crystal chemistry of Mn3+ in the clino- and orthozoisite structure types, Ca2M3 3+[OH|O|SiO4|Si2O7]: A structural and spectroscopic study of some natural piemontites and "thulites" and their synthetic equivalents. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie: 217: 563-580.

Bonazzi, P., Menchetti, S. (2004) Manganese in monoclinic members of the epidote group: Piemontite and related minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: 56: 495-552.

Liebscher, A. (2004) Spectroscopy of epidote minerals. Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 56, Mineralogical Society of America: 125-170.

Armbruster, Thomas, Bonazzi, Paola, Akasaka, Masahide, Bermanec, Vladimir, Chopin, Christian, Gieré, Reto, Heuss-Assbichler, Soraya, Liebscher, Axel, Menchetti, Silvio, Pan, Yuanming, Pasero, Marco (2006) Recommended nomenclature of epidote-group minerals. European Journal of Mineralogy, 18 (5) 551-567 doi:10.1127/0935-1221/2006/0018-0551

Izadyar, J. (2007) The analysis of paragenesis of Mn-Silicate bearing quartzites and schists in highly oxidized blueschist facies by Korzhinsky and Schrienemakers. Methods. Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran: 18(3): 239-251.

Nagashima, M., Armbruster, T., Akasaka, M., Minakawa, T. (2010) Crystal chemistry of Mn2+, Sr-rich and REE bearing piemontite from the Kamisugai mine in the Sambagawa metamorphic belt, Shikoku, Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences: 105: 142-150.

Nagashima, M., Akasaka, M. (2010) X-ray Rietveld and 57Fe Mössbauer studies of epidote and piemontite on the join Ca2Al2Fe3+Si3O12(OH) - Ca2Al2Mn3+Si3O12(OH) formed by hydrothermal synthesis. American Mineralogist: 95: 1237-1246.

Nagashima, M., Sano, Y., Kochi, T., Akasaka, M., SanopFurukawa, A. (2020) Crystal chemistry of Sr–rich piemontite from manganese ore deposit of the Tone mine, Nishisonogi Peninsula, Nagasaki, southwest Japan. Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences: 115(5): 391-406.

(2023) Piemontite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Localities for PiemontiteHide

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.

Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Algeria
Skikda Province Azzaba District Es Sebt ⓘ Djebel Guettara Mn deposit	Heflik W. (Northern Algeria)

Antarctica


Argentina
Córdoba Province Sierra de Córdoba El Pilón complex ⓘ Tamain quarries	Rapela et al. (2002)

Australia
Queensland Gympie Region Amamoor Creek ⓘ Amamoor Mine	Brooks (1962)
South Australia Eyre Peninsula Middleback Range Iron Knob ⓘ Iron Monarch Main Pit	Francis (2010)
Olary Province Bimbowrie Conservation Park ⓘ Old Boolcoomata Station	Noble et al. (1983)
ⓘ White Rock Feldspar Mine	Bosworth et al. (2001)

Austria
Salzburg Tamsweg District Tweng ⓘ Fuchs Alp - Fuchs lake area	abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +3 other references
ⓘ Radiolarite outcrop (incl. Gfrererloch)	Strasser (1989)
Zell am See District Bramberg am Wildkogel Larmkogel ⓘ West slope	Strasser (1989)
ⓘ West slope of Schafkopf	Exel (1993)
Hollersbach im Pinzgau Scharnbachgraben ⓘ Achsel Alp mine	Strasser (1989)
Kaprun Mooserboden reservoir ⓘ Mooser dam	Strasser (1989)
Maishofen Forsthof ⓘ Diabase outcrops	Strasser (1989)
Tyrol Innsbruck-Land District Navis ⓘ Navis stream (Navis creek) ?	Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Obernberg am Brenner ⓘ Obernberger Tribulaun	Kolitsch et al. (2018)
Lienz District Kals am Großglockner Kals valley ⓘ Ködnitz valley	Neinaveie (1979)
Prägraten am Großvenediger Timmelbach valley ⓘ Wunwand (Wunspitze)	Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Schwaz District Gerlos ⓘ Grund hut (Grund huts)	Schmidegg (1963) +1 other reference
Schönach valley ⓘ Plattenscharte - Mitterkopf area	Lapis 34 (7-8)
Zillertal ⓘ Gerlos valley	Exel (1993)

Belgium
Wallonia Liège ⓘ Lienne valley	Schreyer et al. (1986) +2 other references
Luxembourg Vielsalm Salmchâteau ⓘ Le Coreux	Kramm (1979) +1 other reference

Canada
British Columbia Golden Mining Division ⓘ Ice River Alkaline Complex
Québec Abitibi-Témiscamingue Témiscamingue RCM ⓘ Rémigny armenite occurrence	Cobalt - Belleterre - Timmins +1 other reference

Chile
Antofagasta El Loa Province San Jose ⓘ Tuina Mine (Tuina SX-EX Copper Mine)	Robert Jenkins
Coquimbo Elqui Province La Serena Talcuna Cu-Mn-Ag mining district ⓘ Balcanes Mine	Oyarzun et al. (1998)
ⓘ Placetas Mine	Oyarzun et al. (1998)
Limarí Province Fragua district ⓘ Fragua mine	C. Ruiz Fuller/F. Peebles (1988)

China
ⓘ Hainan	Mingsheng Peng et al. (1982)
Qinghai Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Qilian Co. ⓘ Qingshuigou	Yong-Jiang Liu et al. (2006)
Sichuan Ngawa Autonomous Prefecture (Aba Autonomous Prefecture) Heishui Co. Hongyan ⓘ Hongyan Mn deposit	Chengzhong Zhang and Zengda Liu (2006)
ⓘ Xugu Mn deposit	Bing Zhou et al. (2007)

Finland
North Karelia Joensuu ⓘ Valkeavaara	Hyvärineb

France
Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Savoie Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne Bessans ⓘ Le Coin	Chopin (1978)
Bonneval-sur-Arc ⓘ Ouille du Midi	Chopin (1978) +1 other reference
Brittany Morbihan Lorient Groix Primiture ⓘ Les Saisies	Chauris (2014)
Occitanie Ariège Foix Artigues ⓘ Laurenti Lake ?	Christian Berbain collection
Saint-Girons Seix Salau ⓘ Anglade Mine	Bull. Minéral.
Pyrénées-Orientales Céret Prats-de-Mollo-la-Preste ⓘ Costabonne mines (Costabona mines)	Dubru. M (1986)
Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Var Toulon Le Pradet ⓘ Cap Garonne Mine ?	David Hospital collection

Germany
Bavaria Lower Bavaria Passau District Tittling Hötzendorf ⓘ Granodiorite quarries (incl. Kusser Quarry)	Weiß (1990)
Matzersdorf ⓘ Krenn Quarry	Lapis 34 (7-8)
Lower Franconia Aschaffenburg District Haibach Dörrmorsbach ⓘ Stahl quarry	Wittern (2001)
Hesse Darmstadt Bergstraße Bensheim Auerbach ⓘ Linck marble works	Weiß (1990)
Darmstadt-Dieburg Mühltal Nieder-Ramstadt Kirchberg ⓘ Manganese mines	Weiß (1990)
Lower Saxony Goslar District Harz (Landkreis Goslar) ⓘ Huneberg Quarry	Baumgärtl (2014)
Schleswig-Holstein Dithmarschen Buchholz ⓘ Gravel pit Lucht	Wittern (2001)

Greece
Attica East Attica Lavreotiki ⓘ Lavrion Mining District	FITROS et al. (2014)
Central Greece Euboea ⓘ Chalcis	Michael Samouhos specimen
ⓘ Karystos	Brian Kosnar
Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Thasos ⓘ Kathares	Vason et al. (1993)
Theologos ⓘ Trikorfo	Su +17 other references
South Aegean Andros Vasiliko Mountain ⓘ Apikia	Reinecke et al. (1991)
ⓘ Vitali Mine	Reinecke (1986)
Syros Syros Island Gria Spilia ⓘ Palos Hill	Altherr et al. (2013)

India
Madhya Pradesh Jabalpur Division Chhindwara District ⓘ Gowari Wadhona Mine	Roy et al. (1968)
Jhabua District ⓘ Kajlidongri Mine	Fermor et al. (1906) +1 other reference
Maharashtra Nagpur Division Bhandara District ⓘ Sitasaongi mine	Bilgrami (1955)

Iran
Sistan and Baluchestan Province Zahedan County Dehoo ⓘ Dehoo manganese deposit	Lotfi et al. (2017)

Italy
Aosta Valley Fénis Clavalité Valley ⓘ Chez Botz (Chez Boche)	Castello (1981) +2 other references
Nus Saint-Barthélemy ⓘ Varenche Mine	Pelloux (1946) +2 other references
Rhêmes-Notre-Dame Rifugio Gian Federico Benevolo (Rifugio Benevolo) ⓘ Piemontite occurrence	Alessandro Cantamessa collection
Saint-Marcel ⓘ Praborna Mine (TL)	Das Mohs'sche Mineralsystem +1 other reference
ⓘ Servette-Chuc mining complex	Martin et al. (2004)
Valtournenche Breuil-Cervinia ⓘ Motta di Pletè	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Plan Tendre	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Plateau Rosa Pass	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Cignana Lake (Tsignanaz Lake)	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Calabria Cosenza Province Mormanno ⓘ Monte Cerviero mines (Mormanno mines)	Sinisi et al. (2018)
Liguria Genoa Genoa Varenna Valley ⓘ Case Scotti	Antofilli
Ne ⓘ Cassagna Mine	Redazionale (2005)
ⓘ Molinello Mine	Balestra (2016)
Reppia ⓘ Gambatesa Mine	Redazione (2005)
Statale ⓘ Scrava Mine (Statale Mine)	//doi.org/10.57635/MICRO.2023.21.7
La Spezia Province Borghetto di Vara ⓘ Cerchiara Mine	Palenzona et al. (1988)
Maissana Mt. Alpe ⓘ Monte Alpe Mine	Castellaro et al. (2011)
Lombardy Sondrio Province Lanzada ⓘ Scerscen Valley
ⓘ Lower Scerscen Glacier	Bedognè et al. (1993)
Torre di Santa Maria ⓘ Val Sora manganese outcrop	Bedognè et al. (1993)
ⓘ Val Sora Quarry	G.Guicciardi : Guida ai minerali della Val Malenco (1980)
Piedmont Cuneo Province Bellino ⓘ Maniglia Mt. Mine	Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Pontechianale ⓘ Lago Blu	Piccoli (2002) +1 other reference
Metropolitan City of Turin Ceres ⓘ Vernetto Mine	Zambonini (1922) +1 other reference
Voragno ⓘ Ladant	Maletto et al. (2014)
ⓘ Monte di Voragno manganese occurrence	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Corio ⓘ Colle Forcola	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Rio Bana	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Lanzo Valleys Mezzenile ⓘ Rio Cenere	Deidda et al. (2022)
Mattie ⓘ Sant'Anna	Franchi (1897)
Mezzenile ⓘ Catelli	Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
ⓘ Mompantero	Pognante (1983)
Pragelato Troncea Valley ⓘ Beth Mine (Beth-Ghinivert deposit)	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Sparone	Barresi et al. (2007)
ⓘ Apparè	M.E. Ciriotti +1 other reference
ⓘ Feilongo	Benna et al. (1988)
ⓘ Rio dei Piani	- (M.E. Ciriotti - 05/04/2008)
Usseaux ⓘ Vallone dei Morti (Gran Serin)	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Usseglio ⓘ Punta Chestassa	Deidda et al. (2022)
Viù ⓘ Biolay	Giovanni Fraccaro collection
ⓘ Col San Giovanni	Piccoli et al. (2007)
ⓘ Punta Gensane	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Verbano-Cusio-Ossola Province Valstrona Forno ⓘ Ravinella di Sotto Mine	Savia et al. (2023)
Vercelli Province ⓘ Alagna Valsesia	Piccoli et al. (2007)
Otro Valley ⓘ Feglierec Mine	Bonino A. (1965) +1 other reference
Sardinia Sassari Province Calangianus ⓘ Furru e Conca Quarries	Orlandi (2011)
Tuscany Lucca Province Stazzema ⓘ Mount Corchia	Battaglia S. et al. (Alpi Apuane)
ⓘ Vagli Sotto	Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca)
ⓘ Arnetola Valley	Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca)
ⓘ Castagnola	Biagioni (2004)
ⓘ Eremo di San Viano	Biagioni C. (Alpi Apuane, Lucca)
Massa-Carrara Province Carrara Monte Brugiana north slope ⓘ Monte Brugiana manganese mineralisation (Artana Mn deposit; Monte Brugiana - La Rocchetta)	Bonazzi et al. (1992)

Japan
Ehime Prefecture Iyo district Tobe-cho ⓘ Furumiya mine	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Kamisugai mine	Fukushima et al. (2005) +2 other references
Niihama City Besshi ⓘ Besshi mine (Bessi mine)	Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) +1 other reference
Ikadazu ⓘ Piemontite exposure	Tsuboi (1936)
Ouzu City ⓘ Mt Kannan	Nishio-Hamane et al. (2016) +1 other reference
Shikokuchuo City Doi ⓘ Irazuyama (Iratsuyama)	Introduction to Japanese Minerals (Geological Survey of Japan, 1970) +1 other reference
Iyomishima ⓘ Sarutagawa (Sarutasawa)	Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
ⓘ Sazare mine	Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Gunma Prefecture Fujioka City ⓘ Tsukiyoshi ?	Ohe Rikosha specimens
Hokkaidō Prefecture Okhotsk Subprefecture Kitami City ⓘ Kokuriki mine	Togari et al. (1987)
Iwate Prefecture Kuji City Yamagata ⓘ Takamatsu mine	Dr. Matsuo Nambu ore collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Kanagawa Prefecture Hadano City ⓘ Dainichi mine	Mineralogical Journal Vol. 17 (1994)
Kochi Prefecture Agawa District Ino ⓘ Kamoyama mine	Nishio-Hamane et al. (2016)
ⓘ Asemi-gawa River area	Masaki Enami (1986)
Nankoku city Ananai mine ⓘ Fukinaro deposit	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Honomori deposit	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
ⓘ Nagakawara deposit	M. Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Nagasaki Prefecture Nagasaki City Kinkai-Tone-machi ⓘ Tone mine	Masutomi Museum specimens +3 other references
Nishisonogi District ⓘ Muramatsu-mura	Mem. Fac. Sci. et al. (1957)
Saitama Prefecture Chichibu City ⓘ Oyahana	Dr. Kameki Kinoshita collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
Chichibu District ⓘ Nagatoro	Dr. Matsuo Nambu collection (curated at Geological Survey of Japan)
ⓘ Sanbagawa metamorphic belt	Banno (2000) +1 other reference
Shimane Prefecture Ochi District ⓘ Dohgamaru mine	Chihiro Fukuda and Masahide Akasaka (2005)
Tokushima Prefecture Tokushima City ⓘ Bizan (Otakiyama)	Masutomi Museum specimens (Kyoto) +1 other reference
ⓘ Otakiyama manganese deposit	Sadanaga et al. (1974)
Yoshinogawa City ⓘ Yamakawa-cho	Yuuki Hasegawa specimen
Yamaguchi Prefecture Iwakuni City ⓘ Nishiki-cho	Nishimura (1971)
Yamanashi Prefecture Minami-Alps City Kohsai ⓘ Ochiai mine	A. Kato et al.

Kazakhstan
Akmola Region ⓘ Raigorodok deposit	Kovalev et al. (2018)
Ulytau Region Karazhal ⓘ Ushkatyn deposits (Ushkatan)	Evseev (1995)

Kosovo
Ferizaj District Štrpce (Shtërpcë) ⓘ Brezovica	Abraham et al. (1976)

Morocco
Drâa-Tafilalet Region Zagora Province Agdz Cercle Tansifte Caïdat ⓘ Tachgagalt Mine	FAVREAU G. & DIETRICH J.E. (2006)

New Zealand
Otago Region Queenstown-Lakes District Arrow Junction ⓘ Arrow Junction Quarry	C. Lemanski (6782CL) +1 other reference
Arrow River (Arrow Valley) ⓘ Manganese occurrences	Hutton (1957)

North Macedonia
Čaška Municipality ⓘ Nežilovo	Estep (1977) +1 other reference
Jakupica Mountains Babuna Valley ⓘ Kalugeri Hill	Bermanec et al +1 other reference
ⓘ Kalugjeri micro-locality	Jančev et al. (2017)
Prilep Municipality ⓘ Vitolište	Altherr et al. (2017)

Norway
Agder Birkenes Herefoss ⓘ Unnamed pegmatite	Morton et al. (1963) +1 other reference
Bykle ⓘ Hovden	Larsen (1978)
ⓘ Breivevatnet Pump Station	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # MM-3779
ⓘ Hovdenuten manganese deposit	Nordrum et al. (1981) +1 other reference
Grimstad Landvik ⓘ Hafsåsen	Neumann (1985)
Innlandet Lom Otta River ⓘ Søre Lia Quarry	Raade (1972) +2 other references
Skjåk Dønfoss ⓘ Øyberget Hydropower Station	Garmo (2006)
Stange ⓘ ~~Orrkjølen~~	Garmo et al. (2017) +1 other reference
Møre og Romsdal Kristiansund ⓘ Frei	Garmo et al. (2017)
Nordland Hamarøy ⓘ Sørfjord I Hydropower Station	Garmo et al. (2017)
Østfold Halden Fjell ⓘ Korsetgangen Mine ?	Hansen (1985)
Rogaland Lund Heskestad ⓘ ~~Askekor~~	Morton et al. (1963)
Sandnes Seldal ⓘ Piemontite occcurrence	Knut Edvard Larsen collection # 726 (analyzed, Tony Doré pers.com May 1985)
Telemark Hjartdal Sauland Kleppan ⓘ Øvstebø	Neumann et al. (1955)
Tokke Botnedal ⓘ Brandsnuten manganese deposit	van der Wel (1999)
Tjostolvflaten ⓘ Roadcut near Tjostolvflaten	Garmo et al. (2017)
Trøndelag Indre Fosen Leksvik Hindremseter ⓘ Leksvik Thulite Quarry	Nordrum (2005)
Oppdal ⓘ Åmotsdalen	Witsø (1995)
ⓘ Lønset	Witsø (1995)
Orkland Snillfjord Åstfjorden ⓘ ~~Mjønes Tunnel~~	Størseth (2019) +1 other reference
Vestland Luster Ornes ⓘ Piemontite locality	Dalen et al. (2008)

Poland
Lower Silesian Voivodeship Kłodzko County Gmina Bystrzyca Kłodzka ⓘ Marcinków ?	Lis et al. (1986)
Zgorzelec County Gmina Zgorzelec ⓘ Zgorzelec ?	Lis et al. (1986)

Romania
Caraş-Severin County Brebu ⓘ Delineşti deposit	Hîrtopanu et al. (2003)
Maramureș County Târgu Lăpuș ⓘ Răzoare	Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference

Russia
Bashkortostan ⓘ Bikkulovskoe deposit	Brusnitsyn et al. (2009)
Sibay ⓘ Yuzhno-Faizulinskoe Mn deposit (South Faizuly deposit; South Faizulino deposit)	Brusnitsyn (2006)
Khakassia (Republic of Khakassia) Askizsky Rayon Askiz ore district ⓘ Chapsordag deposit	Kassandrov et al. (2009)
ⓘ Malosyrsky deposit	Kassandrov et al. (2009)
Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug Berezovo district Saranpaul ⓘ Dodo Mine	Burlakov (1995)
Komi Republic Kozhim River Basin Maldynyrd range (Maldy-nyrd range) ⓘ Al'kesvozh river canyon (Al'kes-vozh)	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Chudnoe Pd-Au deposit	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Grubependity Lake ⓘ Grubependity Lake cirque	Pavel.M. Kartashov (n.d.)
ⓘ Sakha	[World of Stones 12:49]
Tyumen Oblast Tel'pos-Iz Mt ⓘ Nyarta-Syu-Yu River	Pekov (1998)
Ural Mountains ⓘ Polar Urals	[Mineralien Welt 6/92:62]

South Africa
Gauteng City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality ⓘ Mamelodi Quarry	Wilson
Limpopo Mopani District Municipality Ba-Phalaborwa Local Municipality Murchison Range Gravelotte ⓘ Consolidated Murchison Mines	Jako Schonken Collection
ⓘ Murchison Mine	Jako Schonken specimen
Vhembe District Municipality Musina Local Municipality ⓘ Musina	Cairncross (1991)
ⓘ Messina Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
Northern Cape John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality Joe Morolong Local Municipality Hotazel ⓘ Hotazel Mine	Wilson et al. (1978)
ⓘ Wessels Mine	Cairncross et al. (1995)
ZF Mgcawu District Municipality Tsantsabane Local Municipality Postmasburg ⓘ Kolomela Mine	Costin et al. (2016)
ⓘ Unnamed borehole	Costin et al. (2014) +1 other reference

Spain
Andalusia Huelva ⓘ Sierra de Aracena	Eur. J. Mineral. +1 other reference
Málaga ⓘ Ojén	- (n.d.)
Canary Islands Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province Tenerife ⓘ La Mareta	Dill et al. (2023)

Sweden
Gävleborg County Ljusdal ⓘ Los
Norrbotten County Jokkmokk ⓘ Ultevis	Roy (1972)
ⓘ Rakten	Collection of Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet i Stockholm (The Natural History Museum)
ⓘ Sörhårås	Ödman (1950)
ⓘ Stuor-Njåske	Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
ⓘ Upper manganese ravine	Sandström (1997)
ⓘ Tjaktjajaure	Augsten (2010)
ⓘ Tjålme	Wilke Band 4 Skandinavien
Tjatisvare ⓘ Tjatjisvaratj beach	Nysten et al. (2021)
Örebro County Hällefors Grythyttan ⓘ Sjögruvan
Lindesberg Nyberget ⓘ Nyberget ore field	Roy (1972)
ⓘ Mangruvan
ⓘ Slöjdartorp	Koark (1970)
Skåne County Bromölla Näsum ⓘ Västanå Iron Mine (Westanå Mine)	Gatedal (n.d.)
Uppsala County Östhammar Dannemora ⓘ Dannemora mine	Åberg (2015)
Värmland County Filipstad Långban Ore District ⓘ Långban Mine	Holtstam et al. (1999)
ⓘ Garden dump	Nysten (2003)
Nordmark mining district Jakobsberg ore field ⓘ Jakobsberg Mine	Holtstam et al. (1993)
Västernorrland County Kramfors ⓘ Berghamn	Sandström (1999)
ⓘ Norrklippen	Alan Goldstein photo & specimen (collected by Axel Österlöf)

Switzerland
Grisons Albula Region Surses Tinizong (Tinzen) ⓘ Alp digl Plaz deposit	Geiger T. (1948) +1 other reference
ⓘ Falotta	Roth et al. (2013)
ⓘ Parsettens Alp	Stalder et al. (1998)
Maloja Region Bregaglia Upper Val Bregaglia Maroz Valley ⓘ Piz Cam	Wenk et al. (1978) +2 other references
Val Forno ⓘ Pizzi dei Rossi	Stalder et al. (1998)
Plessur Region Arosa Langwies ⓘ Litzirüti	Geiger T. (1948)
Viamala Region Rheinwald Splügen ⓘ Tanatz Alp	Roth et al. (2011)
Ticino Vallemaggia Cerentino ⓘ Maurino Quarry	Stalder et al. (1998)
Cevio ⓘ Pizzo Alzasca	...
Valais Entremont Val de Bagnes Mauvoisin ⓘ Lancey bridge	Stalder et al. (1998)
Goms Binn Gischi glacier (incl. Gischihorn) ⓘ Gischi glacier REE-mineralization	Cuchet et al. (2023)
Visp Saas-Fee Fee Glacier ⓘ Felskinn	Stalder et al. (1998)
Täsch Täsch Valley ⓘ Sparrenflue	Stalder et al. (1998)

Tajikistan
Sughd Mastchoh District Altyn-Topkan ore field (Zarnisor ore field) ⓘ Altyn-Topkan deposit (Altyntopkan deposit; Altyn-Topkan Mine; Zarnisor deposit; Zarnisori Shimoli deposit; Northern Zarnisor deposit)	Badalov et al. (1975)

Tanzania
Dodoma Region Kongwa District Kongwa ⓘ Mautia Hill	...

Turkey
Bursa Province Harmancık District ⓘ Bektaşlar	Okay (1997)
Kütahya Province Emet District Kayi Köy ⓘ Mn deposit	Müller (1954)

UK
Wales Gwynedd Aberdaron Rhiw ⓘ Benallt Mine	BMS Collection
Llanddeiniolen ⓘ Dinorwic Quarry ?

USA
Arizona Cochise County ⓘ Ash Canyon	Garske (n.d.)
Sulphur Springs Valley Pearce area ⓘ Pat Hills	Lausen (1927b) +2 other references
Maricopa County Phoenix Phoenix Mountains ⓘ Piestewa Peak area (Squaw Peak area)	Anthony et al. (1995)
Pima County Comobabi Mountains Kovaya Hills ⓘ Kovaya Hills area	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
ⓘ Northern Comobabi Mountains	Bideaux et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Old Baldy Mining District ⓘ Madera Canyon area	Guild (1935) +2 other references
Tucson Mountains Amole Mining District ⓘ Tucson Mountain Park	Guild (1935) +2 other references
ⓘ Juan Santa Cruz picnic grounds	Guild (1935) +1 other reference
ⓘ Vail area	Anthony et al. (1995)
Pinal County Casa Grande Mining District Casa Grande ⓘ Casa Grande area	Anthony et al. (1995)
Yavapai County Bradshaw Mountains (Bradshaw Range) Prescott Mining District ⓘ Prescott - NW of	Krieger (1965) +1 other reference
California Kern County Lost Hills (Lost Hill) ⓘ Lazard area [1]	Reed (1927) +2 other references
ⓘ Lazard area [2]	Reed (1927) +1 other reference
Lassen County Haskell Peak ⓘ Unspecified Mn occurrence [2]	Murdoch (1966)
ⓘ Los Angeles County	AmMin 20:737
Big Pines Mine Gulch ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 484-485. +3 other references
Mount Baldy District Big Pines San Gabriel River Prairie Fork ⓘ Unnamed ravine	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 484. +2 other references
Newhall ⓘ Bouquet Canyon-Texas Canyon junction area	Simonson (1935) +1 other reference
Santa Catalina Island Escondido Canyon ⓘ North of Orizaba Peak (Mount Orizaba)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +3 other references
Madera County Agnew Meadows Olaine Lake ⓘ Agnew Meadow Mine (Agnew Meadow Manganese prospect/deposit; Mammoth Lakes)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +2 other references
Ritter Range Garnet Lake ⓘ Unnamed Mn-Garnet occurrence (1)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +2 other references
Minarets Mining District (Mountain Mining District; Raymond Mining District; Minaret Mining District) ⓘ Shadow Lake	Am Min 18:493
ⓘ Unnamed Mn-Asbestos-Zeolite occurrence (1)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 376. +4 other references
ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence (2)	Mayo (1932) +2 other references
Mariposa County West Belt Granite Springs Mining District Granite Springs ⓘ Caldwell Mine (Daly Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +3 other references
Monterey County ⓘ Monterey Bay	Bradley (1933) +1 other reference
Orange County San Juan Capistrano ⓘ San Juan Capistrano Point area	its nature and origin: University of ... +2 other references
Plumas County Moccasin ⓘ Lakeview Valley VI Mine (Western Manganese Mine; Noble lease; EW; Braito Mine; Dixie Creek; Feather River; Iron Dyke Mine)	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +4 other references
Riverside County Big Maria Mountains Black Hill ⓘ Lion's Den Copper claim (Little Mountain claims)	CDMG OFR 94-11 " Mineral Land ...
ⓘ Palen Mountains	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +3 other references
Whitewater (White Water) Painted Hill ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence [3]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +3 other references
ⓘ Unnamed Piemontite occurrence [1] (San Gorgonio Pass)	Smith et al. (1967)
San Bernardino County Belleville Mining District Rodman Mountains Sidewinder Mountain ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence [4]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +2 other references
Cajon Cajon Pass ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence [13]	Webb (1939) +2 other references
Lucerne Valley Limestone District Lucerne Valley ⓘ White Knob Quarry	Howard H. J. (2011)
Lytle Creek District Lytle Creek [town] Coldwater Canyon ⓘ Unnamed Mn occurrence [2]	Van Nostrand Reinholt Press: 485. +3 other references
Victorville East of Victorville ⓘ Unspecified Mn occurrence [3]	Bowen et al. (1954) +1 other reference
San Diego County ⓘ Pacific Beach	Rogers (1912) +1 other reference
Tulare County Lindsay ⓘ East of Lindsay [2 miles]	Alfors (1964) +1 other reference
ⓘ East of Lindsay [2½ miles]	Alfors (1964) +1 other reference
Colorado Boulder County Wallstreet ⓘ Unnamed pegmatite	Eckel et al. (1997)
Gunnison County Dorchester Mining District Taylor Park ⓘ Italian Mountain	Eckel et al. (1997)
White Earth Mining District (Powderhorn Mining District) ⓘ Iron Hill deposit	Larsen (1942)
Jefferson County Bergen Park area ⓘ Creswell Mine	Eckel et al. (1997)
Ouray County ⓘ Idarado Mine	Rocks & Min.:59:34 & 64:144.
Sneffels Mining District Imogene Basin ⓘ Camp Bird Mine	Rocks & Min.:62:9 +3 other references
Routt County Clark ⓘ Greenville Mine (Greenville Shaft prospect)	Eckel et al. (1997)
Connecticut Middlesex County Haddam ⓘ Hazen quarry (Epidote locality)	Davis (1901) +1 other reference
ⓘ District of Columbia (Washington D.C.)	Bernstein (1976)
Georgia ⓘ Gwinnett County	gamineral.org (2000)
Massachusetts Middlesex County ⓘ Newton	Gleba (2008)
Norfolk County ⓘ Brookline	Gleba (2008)
Missouri Iron County Annapolis ⓘ Annapolis Roofing Granule Plant	Sherwood et al. (1998)
Nevada Humboldt County Osgood Mountains Potosi Mining District Adam Peak ⓘ Getchell Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Lyon County Singatse Range Yerington Mining District Ludwig ⓘ Ludwig Gypsum Mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Mineral County Rawhide Mining District ⓘ Grutt Brothers mine	Castor et al. (2004)
Pershing County Black Diablo Mining District ⓘ Black Diablo Mine	- (2005)
Washoe County Hallelujah Junction area Petersen Mountain ("Peterson Mountain"; Hallelujah Junction [sic]) ⓘ Unnamed Piemontite occurrence (1)	Castor et al. (2004)
Peavine Mining District Peavine Peak (Peavine Mountain) ⓘ Yuba Cañon (Yuba Canyon)	Mineralogical Society of America - ... +1 other reference
New Jersey Sussex County Ogdensburg Sterling Hill ⓘ Sterling Mine	Jenkins et al. (1) +1 other reference
New Mexico Grant County ⓘ Hanover-Fierro Mining District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Sierra County ⓘ Iron Mountain No. 2 District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Taos County ⓘ Glenwoody District	Northrop et al. (1996)
Picuris District ⓘ ~~Harding Mine~~	Northrop et al. (1996)
ⓘ Pilar Wall Mine	New Mexico Bureau of Geology Mineral ...
ⓘ Pilar Cliffs	New Mexico Bureau of Geology Mineral ...
ⓘ North Carolina
Chatham County Chestnut Hill Quarry ⓘ Silk Hope zone	Stoddard
Pennsylvania Adams County Hamiltonban Township ⓘ Glatfelter Farm	A.Mathauser collection
ⓘ Culp Ridge	Stuart Herring
ⓘ Russel and Bechtel Mines	Peter Cristofono collection
Iron Springs ⓘ Pine Mountain	Gordon (1922)
Menallen Township ⓘ Wenksville	The Geology and Mineral Resources of ...
Rhode Island Providence County ⓘ Cumberland	Miller
ⓘ San Juan Mountains	Eckel et al. (1997)
South Dakota Lawrence County Galena Mining District Roubaix ⓘ Obsidian	Roberts et al. (1965)
Texas Llano County ⓘ Horse Mountain	Smith (1991)
Virginia Halifax County ⓘ Hyco Formation	Dietrich (1990)
Washington King County Snoqualmie Mining District Hansen Creek ⓘ Hansen Creek Crystal Area	self collected

Piemontite

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