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Northern Region, Malawii
Regional Level Types
Northern RegionRegion
MalawiCountry

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PhotosMapsSearch
00373580014949424803202.jpg
Amethyst

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
04908700016421779505763.jpg
Beryl

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
07187790014950207721993.jpg
Sodalite, etc.

Ilomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
00373580014949424803202.jpg
Amethyst

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
01038450016421778059916.jpg
Beryl

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
07187790014950207721993.jpg
Sodalite, etc.

Ilomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
00373580014949424803202.jpg
Amethyst

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
00089660016421779551938.jpg
Beryl

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
Neighbouring regions:
Lake Malawi, Malawi/Mozambique/Tanzania
Central Region, Malawi
Mbeya Region, Tanzania
Songwe Region, Tanzania
Niassa Province, Mozambique
Eastern Province, Zambia
Muchinga Province, Zambia
Locality type:
Region
Other Languages:
View 21 more...
French:
Région Nord, Malawi
German:
Northern Region, Malawi
Italian:
Regione Settentrionale, Malawi
Russian:
Северная провинция, Малави
Simplified Chinese:
北部区, 马拉维
Spanish:
Región del Norte, Malaui
Azeri:
Şimal bölgəsi, Malavi
Bulgarian:
Северен регион , Малави
Cebuano:
Northern Region, Malawi
Dutch:
Northern, Malawi
Farsi/Persian:
منطقه شمالی مالاوی, مالاوی
Finnish:
Pohjoinen alue, Malawi
Galician:
Rexión Norte, Malaui
Georgian:
მალავის ჩრდილოეთი რეგიონი, მალავი
Greek:
Βόρεια Περιφέρεια, Μαλάουι
Japanese:
北部州, マラウイ
Korean:
북부 주, 말라위
Lithuanian:
Šiaurės regionas, Malavis
Northern Frisian:
Northern, Malaawi
Norwegian:
Northern, Malawi
Portuguese:
Região Norte, Malawi
Romanian:
Regiunea Northern, Malawi
Serbian:
Северни регион, Малави
Swedish:
Norra regionen, Malawi
Turkish:
Kuzey Bölgesi, Malavi
Ukrainian:
Північний регіон, Малаві
Urdu:
شمالی علاقہ، ملاوی, ملاوی


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Standard Detailed Gallery Strunz Chemical Elements

Commodity List

This is a list of exploitable or exploited mineral commodities recorded from this region.


Mineral List

Mineral list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

39 valid minerals.

Rock Types Recorded

Note: data is currently VERY limited. Please bear with us while we work towards adding this information!

Rock list contains entries from the region specified including sub-localities

Select Rock List Type

Alphabetical List Tree Diagram

Detailed Mineral List:

ⓘ Aegirine
Formula: NaFe3+Si2O6
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Aegirine-augite
Formula: (NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
Reference: Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42.
ⓘ Albite
Formula: Na(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 6 localities in this region.
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase
Formula: (Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63. Hopkins, D.A.S. 1973. The geology of the Rumphi-Nkhata Bay area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 38/39. Kemp, J. (1975). The geology of the Uzumara area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 41.
ⓘ 'Alkali Feldspar'
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Almandine
Formula: Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ 'Amphibole Supergroup'
Formula: AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ 'Apatite'
Formula: Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Arfvedsonite
Formula: [Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63. Hopkins, D.A.S. 1973. The geology of the Rumphi-Nkhata Bay area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 38/39. Kemp, J. (1975). The geology of the Uzumara area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 41.
ⓘ Augite
Formula: (CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ 'Bastnäsite'
Formula: (Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
trans.png
Beryl

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
ⓘ Beryl
Formula: Be3Al2(Si6O18)
Reference: In Collection of Martin Slama, Beryl has been found in November 2015 and was mined 16 months in an unnamed mine from a family, Beryl up to 3LB in weight have been found!
ⓘ 'Biotite'
Formula: K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Boltwoodite
Formula: (K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Reference: Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Calcite
Formula: CaCO3
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Cancrinite
Formula: (Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ Coffinite
Formula: U(SiO4) · nH2O
Reference: Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Cordierite
Formula: (Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ Corundum
Formula: Al2O3
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ Diopside
Formula: CaMgSi2O6
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Eudialyte
Formula: Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group'
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ 'Feldspar Group var. Perthite'
Reference: Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
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Garnet Group

Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
ⓘ 'Garnet Group'
Formula: X3Z2(SiO4)3
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189. Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42.
ⓘ Hematite
Formula: Fe2O3
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ Hercynite
Formula: Fe2+Al2O4
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ Ilmenite
Formula: Fe2+TiO3
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ Iron
Formula: Fe
Reference: Chapola, L. S. (1991) A preliminary report of the Chisenga iron meteorite. J. African Earth Sci. 12(4): 533-536.; Wasson, J. T., Choi, B-G., Jerde, E. A. & Ulff-Møller, F. (1998) Chemical Classification of Iron Meteorites: XII. New Members of the Magmatic Groups. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 (4): 715-724. (Feb 1998).
ⓘ Iron var. Kamacite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Reference: Chapola, L. S. (1991) A preliminary report of the Chisenga iron meteorite. J. African Earth Sci. 12(4): 533-536.; Wasson, J. T., Choi, B-G., Jerde, E. A. & Ulff-Møller, F. (1998) Chemical Classification of Iron Meteorites: XII. New Members of the Magmatic Groups. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 (4): 715-724. (Feb 1998).
ⓘ Magnetite
Formula: Fe2+Fe3+2O4
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Meta-autunite
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Reference: Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Microcline
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Localities: Reported from at least 7 localities in this region.
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ Muscovite
Formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ Natrolite
Formula: Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37. SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38.
ⓘ Nepheline
Formula: Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ Orthoclase
Formula: K(AlSi3O8)
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ 'Plagioclase'
Formula: (Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ 'Plessite'
Reference: Chapola, L. S. (1991) A preliminary report of the Chisenga iron meteorite. J. African Earth Sci. 12(4): 533-536.
ⓘ Pyrite
Formula: FeS2
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group'
Formula: A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup'
Formula: A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ 'Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'
Formula: (Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ 'Pyroxene Group'
Formula: ADSi2O6
Reference: Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42.
ⓘ Pyrrhotite
Formula: Fe1-xS
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1965). A reconnaissance survey of alkaline rocks in the northern and central regions. Records, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5, 17-63. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karoo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Gaskell, J. L. (1973). The geology of the Mzimba area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 37. SNELLING, N. J. (1965). Age determination unit. Annual Report of the Overseas geological Surveys, 28-38.
ⓘ Quartz
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
trans.png
Amethyst

Mzimba, Northern Region, Malawi
ⓘ Quartz var. Amethyst
Formula: SiO2
Reference: Egil Hollund Collection
ⓘ Riebeckite
Formula: ◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ Sillimanite
Formula: Al2(SiO4)O
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
trans.png
Sodalite, etc.

Ilomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
ⓘ Sodalite
Formula: Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427
ⓘ 'Sodic amphibole'
Reference: Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ Spinel
Formula: MgAl2O4
Reference: Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424.
ⓘ 'Synchysite'
Formula: Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Reference: Malunga, G. W., Samama, J. C., & Houot, R. (1991, January). Rare Earths Potential in Malawi. In Materials Science Forum (Vol. 70, pp. 193-204).
ⓘ Taenite
Formula: (Fe,Ni)
Reference: Chapola, L. S. (1991) A preliminary report of the Chisenga iron meteorite. J. African Earth Sci. 12(4): 533-536.; Wasson, J. T., Choi, B-G., Jerde, E. A. & Ulff-Møller, F. (1998) Chemical Classification of Iron Meteorites: XII. New Members of the Magmatic Groups. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 62 (4): 715-724. (Feb 1998).
ⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)
Formula: Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
Reference: Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Titanite
Formula: CaTi(SiO4)O
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf
ⓘ 'UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg'
Formula: ~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Reference: Haslam, H.W. (1983): An isotropic alteration of cordierite. Mineralogical Magazine: 47: 238-240; in: Dunn, P.J., Cabri, L.J., Ferraiolo, J.A., Grice, J.D., Jambor, J.L., Mueller, W., Shigley, J.E., Puziewicz, J., Vanko, D.A. (1985): New mineral names. American Mineralogist: 69: 1195
ⓘ Uraninite
Formula: UO2
Reference: Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Uranophane
Formula: Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Reference: H.G. Dill, A review of mineral resources in Malawi: With special reference to aluminium variation in mineral deposits, Journal of African Earth Sciences, Volume 47, Issue 3, March 2007, Pages 153-173, ISSN 1464-343X, 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2006.12.006. Becker, E., K. Karner, J. C. Corbin, and J. Mwenelupembe. The geology of the Kayelekera uranium mine, Malawi. No. IAEA-TECDOC-CD--1739. 2014.
ⓘ Zircon
Formula: Zr(SiO4)
Reference: Orris, G.J., and Grauch, R.I. (2002): USGS Open-File Report 02-189.; Woolley, A. R., Platt, R. G., & Eby, N. (1992). Niobian titanite and eudialyte from the Ilomba nepheline syenite complex, north Malawi. Mineralogical Magazine, 56(3), 428-430.; Eby, G. N., Woolley, A. R., Din, V., & Platt, G. (1998). Geochemistry and petrogenesis of nepheline syenites: Kasungu–Chipala, Ilomba, and Ulindi nepheline syenite intrusions, North Nyasa alkaline province, Malawi. Journal of Petrology, 39(8), 1405-1424. Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf Bloomfield, K. (1968). The pre-Karroo geology of Malawi. Memoir, Geological Survey of Malawi, 5. Bloomfield, K., Deans, T. & Wells, M.K. (1981). The Ilomba alkaline complex, northern Malawi and associated uranium-niobium mineralisation. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 57, 1-21. doi.org/10.1093/petroj/39.8.1405 Ray, G. E. (1975). The geology of the Chitipa-Karonga area. Bulletin, Geological Survey of Malawi, 42. Ray, G. E. (1974). The structural and metamorphic geology of northern Malawi. Journal of the Geological Society, 130(5), 427-440. doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.130.5.0427 Woolley, A.R., Platt, R.G. & Eby, G.N. 1996. Relatively aluminous alkali pyroxene in nepheline syenites from Malawi: mineralogical response to metamorphism in alkaline rocks. The Canadian Mineralogist, 34, 423-434. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.607.4437&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Gallery:

List of minerals arranged by Strunz 10th Edition classification

Group 1 - Elements
ⓘIron1.AE.05Fe
ⓘvar. Kamacite1.AE.05(Fe,Ni)
ⓘTaenite1.AE.10(Fe,Ni)
Group 2 - Sulphides and Sulfosalts
ⓘPyrite2.EB.05aFeS2
ⓘPyrrhotite2.CC.10Fe1-xS
Group 4 - Oxides and Hydroxides
ⓘCorundum4.CB.05Al2O3
ⓘHematite4.CB.05Fe2O3
ⓘHercynite4.BB.05Fe2+Al2O4
ⓘIlmenite4.CB.05Fe2+TiO3
ⓘMagnetite4.BB.05Fe2+Fe3+2O4
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Group'4.00.A2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
ⓘ'var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)'4.00.(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
ⓘQuartz4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘvar. Amethyst4.DA.05SiO2
ⓘSpinel4.BB.05MgAl2O4
ⓘTanteuxenite-(Y)4.DG.05Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
ⓘUraninite4.DL.05UO2
Group 5 - Nitrates and Carbonates
ⓘCalcite5.AB.05CaCO3
Group 8 - Phosphates, Arsenates and Vanadates
ⓘMeta-autunite8.EB.10Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Group 9 - Silicates
ⓘAegirine9.DA.25NaFe3+Si2O6
ⓘAegirine-augite9.DA.20(NaaCabFe2+cMgd)(Fe3+eAlfFe2+gMgh)Si2O6
ⓘAlbite9.FA.35Na(AlSi3O8)
ⓘvar. Oligoclase9.FA.35(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
ⓘAlmandine9.AD.25Fe2+3Al2(SiO4)3
ⓘArfvedsonite9.DE.25[Na][Na2][Fe2+4Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘAugite9.DA.15(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
ⓘBeryl9.CJ.05Be3Al2(Si6O18)
ⓘBoltwoodite9.AK.15(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
ⓘCancrinite9.FB.05(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
ⓘCoffinite9.AD.30U(SiO4) · nH2O
ⓘCordierite9.CJ.10(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
ⓘDiopside9.DA.15CaMgSi2O6
ⓘEudialyte9.CO.10Na15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
ⓘMicrocline9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘMuscovite9.EC.15KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
ⓘNatrolite9.GA.05Na2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
ⓘNepheline9.FA.05Na3K(Al4Si4O16)
ⓘOrthoclase9.FA.30K(AlSi3O8)
ⓘRiebeckite9.DE.25◻[Na2][Fe2+3Fe3+2]Si8O22(OH)2
ⓘSillimanite9.AF.05Al2(SiO4)O
ⓘSodalite9.FB.10Na4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
ⓘTitanite9.AG.15CaTi(SiO4)O
ⓘUranophane9.AK.15Ca(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
ⓘZircon9.AD.30Zr(SiO4)
Unclassified Minerals, Rocks, etc.
ⓘ'Alkali Feldspar'-
ⓘ'Amphibole Supergroup'-AB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
ⓘ'Apatite'-Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
ⓘ'Bastnäsite'-(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
ⓘ'Biotite'-K(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
ⓘ'Feldspar Group'-
ⓘ'var. Perthite'-
ⓘ'Garnet Group'-X3Z2(SiO4)3
ⓘ'Plagioclase'-(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
ⓘ'Plessite'-
ⓘ'Pyrochlore Supergroup'-A2-mD2X6-wZ1-n
ⓘ'var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)'-(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
ⓘ'Pyroxene Group'-ADSi2O6
ⓘ'Sodic amphibole'-
ⓘ'Synchysite'-Ca(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
ⓘ'UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg'-~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8

List of minerals for each chemical element

HHydrogen
Hⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Hⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Hⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Hⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Hⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Hⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Hⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Hⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Hⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Hⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Hⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Hⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Hⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Hⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Hⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Hⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Hⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
BeBeryllium
Beⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
CCarbon
Cⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Cⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Cⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Cⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
OOxygen
Oⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Oⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Oⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Oⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Oⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Oⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Oⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Oⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Oⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Oⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Oⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Oⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Oⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Oⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Oⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Oⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Oⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Oⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Oⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Oⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Oⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Oⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Oⓘ QuartzSiO2
Oⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Oⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Oⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Oⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Oⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Oⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Oⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Oⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Oⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Oⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Oⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Oⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Oⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Oⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Oⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Oⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Oⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Oⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Oⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Oⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
Oⓘ UraniniteUO2
Oⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
FFluorine
Fⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Fⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Fⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Fⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Fⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Fⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
NaSodium
Naⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Naⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Naⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Naⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Naⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Naⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Naⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Naⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Naⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Naⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Naⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Naⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
MgMagnesium
Mgⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Mgⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Mgⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Mgⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Mgⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Mgⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Mgⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
AlAluminium
Alⓘ SpinelMgAl2O4
Alⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Alⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Alⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Alⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Alⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Alⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Alⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Alⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Alⓘ CorundumAl2O3
Alⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Alⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Alⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Alⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Alⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Alⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Alⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Alⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Alⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
SiSilicon
Siⓘ Garnet GroupX3Z2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Siⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Siⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Siⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Siⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Siⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Siⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Siⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Siⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Siⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Siⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Siⓘ Quartz var. AmethystSiO2
Siⓘ QuartzSiO2
Siⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Siⓘ AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Siⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Siⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Siⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Siⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Siⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Siⓘ SillimaniteAl2(SiO4)O
Siⓘ Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
Siⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Siⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Siⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Siⓘ NatroliteNa2Al2Si3O10 · 2H2O
Siⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Siⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Siⓘ BerylBe3Al2(Si6O18)
PPhosphorus
Pⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Pⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
SSulfur
Sⓘ PyriteFeS2
Sⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Sⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
ClChlorine
Clⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Clⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Clⓘ SodaliteNa4(Si3Al3)O12Cl
Clⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
KPotassium
Kⓘ NephelineNa3K(Al4Si4O16)
Kⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Kⓘ MuscoviteKAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Kⓘ MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ OrthoclaseK(AlSi3O8)
Kⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
CaCalcium
Caⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Caⓘ DiopsideCaMgSi2O6
Caⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Caⓘ ApatiteCa5(PO4)3(Cl/F/OH)
Caⓘ CalciteCaCO3
Caⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Caⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Caⓘ Cancrinite(Na,Ca,◻)8(Al6Si6O24)(CO3,SO4)2 · 2H2O
Caⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Caⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Caⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Caⓘ Plagioclase(Na,Ca)[(Si,Al)AlSi2]O8
Caⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Caⓘ Albite var. Oligoclase(Na,Ca)[Al(Si,Al)Si2O8]
Caⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
TiTitanium
Tiⓘ TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O
Tiⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Tiⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Tiⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Tiⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Tiⓘ Amphibole SupergroupAB2C5((Si,Al,Ti)8O22)(OH,F,Cl,O)2
Tiⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
FeIron
Feⓘ MagnetiteFe2+Fe23+O4
Feⓘ AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
Feⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
Feⓘ IlmeniteFe2+TiO3
Feⓘ PyriteFeS2
Feⓘ BiotiteK(Fe2+/Mg)2(Al/Fe3+/Mg/Ti)([Si/Al/Fe]2Si2O10)(OH/F)2 or Simplified: K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(OH)2
Feⓘ Riebeckite◻[Na2][Fe32+Fe23+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
Feⓘ Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Feⓘ Taenite(Fe,Ni)
Feⓘ Cordierite(Mg,Fe)2Al3(AlSi5O18)
Feⓘ HercyniteFe2+Al2O4
Feⓘ AlmandineFe32+Al2(SiO4)3
Feⓘ UM1983-18-SiO:AlFeHMg~(Mg,Fe)Al4Si4O12(OH)8
Feⓘ HematiteFe2O3
Feⓘ IronFe
Feⓘ Aegirine-augite(NaaCabFec2+Mgd)(Fee3+AlfFeg2+Mgh)Si2O6
Feⓘ Arfvedsonite[Na][Na2][Fe42+Fe3+]Si8O22(OH)2
Feⓘ PyrrhotiteFe1-xS
NiNickel
Niⓘ Iron var. Kamacite(Fe,Ni)
Niⓘ Taenite(Fe,Ni)
YYttrium
Yⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Yⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Yⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
ZrZirconium
Zrⓘ ZirconZr(SiO4)
Zrⓘ EudialyteNa15Ca6Fe3Zr3Si(Si25O73)(O,OH,H2O)3(Cl,OH)2
NbNiobium
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore GroupA2Nb2(O,OH)6Z
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Nbⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Nbⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
CeCerium
Ceⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Ceⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
Ceⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
NdNeodymium
Ndⓘ SynchysiteCa(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)2F
Ndⓘ Bastnäsite(Ce/Nd/Y/REE)(CO3)F
TaTantalum
Taⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Taⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Taⓘ Tanteuxenite-(Y)Y(Ta,Nb,Ti)2(O,OH)6
UUranium
Uⓘ Pyrochlore Supergroup var. Betafite (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,Na,U)2(Ti, Nb,Ta)2O6Z(OH)
Uⓘ Pyrochlore Group var. Uranpyrochlore (of Hogarth 1977)(Ca,U,Ce)2(Nb,Ti,Ta)2O6(OH,F)
Uⓘ UranophaneCa(UO2)2(SiO3OH)2 · 5H2O
Uⓘ Boltwoodite(K,Na)(UO2)(SiO3OH) · 1.5H2O
Uⓘ CoffiniteU(SiO4) · nH2O
Uⓘ Meta-autuniteCa(UO2)2(PO4)2 · 6H2O
Uⓘ UraniniteUO2

Geochronology

Mineralization age: Neoproterozoic to Devonian : 685 ± 62 Ma to 410 ± 16 Ma

Important note: This table is based only on rock and mineral ages recorded on mindat.org for this locality and is not necessarily a complete representation of the geochronology, but does give an indication of possible mineralization events relevant to this locality. As more age information is added this table may expand in the future. A break in the table simply indicates a lack of data entered here, not necessarily a break in the geologic sequence. Grey background entries are from different, related, localities.

Geologic TimeRocks, Minerals and Events
Phanerozoic
 Paleozoic
  Devonian
   Early/Lower Devonian
ⓘ Biotite (youngest age)410 ± 16 MaChikangawa Intrusion, Nkhata Bay, Northern Region, Malawi
    
   
  Cambrian
   Miaolingian
ⓘ Biotite (oldest age)508 ± 12 MaIlomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
    
 
Precambrian
 Proterozoic
  Neoproterozoic
   Cryogenian
ⓘ Sodalite-syenite655 MaIlomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi
ⓘ Nepheline-syenite685 ± 62 MaIlomba intrusion, Songwe Complex, Chitipa, Northern Region, Malawi

Fossils

There are 10 fossil localities from the PaleoBioDB database within this region.

BETA TEST - These data are provided on an experimental basis and are taken from external databases. Mindat.org has no control currently over the accuracy of these data.

Occurrences165
Youngest Fossil Listed0.01 Ma (Pleistocene)
Oldest Fossil Listed260 Ma (Permian)
Stratigraphic Units
UnitNo. OccurrencesAge
Chiwondo913.6 - 0 Ma (Cenozoic)
Chiwondo - Unit 3205.333 - 2.588 Ma (Cenozoic)
Lupata - Dinosaur Beds11125 - 113 Ma (Early/Lower Cretaceous)
Lupata - Dinosaur Beds - Upper27125 - 113 Ma (Early/Lower Cretaceous)
Chiweta Beds13259.9 - 254.17 Ma (Permian)
Fossils from RegionClick here to show the list.
Accepted NameHierarchy Age
Corbicula
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Venerida : Cyrenidae : Corbicula5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Osteichthyes
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Crocodylia
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Mammalia
class		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Cyclanorbis
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Cyclanorbis5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Trionyx
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Trionyx5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Araripesuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Araripesuchus125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Crocodylus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Crocodylidae : Crocodylus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Theropoda
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Theropoda125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Sauropoda
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Sauropoda125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Titanosauridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Titanosauridae125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Gorgonopsia
suborder		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopsia259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Papio
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Papio5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Parapapio
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Parapapio5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Theropithecus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Theropithecus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Hystrix
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Rodentia : Hystricidae : Hystrix5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Notochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Notochoerus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Phacochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Phacochoerus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Potamochoerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Potamochoerus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Hippopotamus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Hippopotamidae : Hippopotamus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Camelus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Camelidae : Camelus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffa
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Sivatherium
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Sivatherium5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Bovidae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Alcelaphus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Damaliscus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Damaliscus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Gazella
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Gazella5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Kobus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Madoqua
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Madoqua5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Megalotragus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Megalotragus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Oryx
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Oryx5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Syncerus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Syncerus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Equus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Equus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Hipparion
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Hipparion5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Elephas
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Elephas5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Loxodonta
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Loxodonta5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Mammuthus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Mammuthus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Dinosauria
order		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Plantae
kingdom		Plantae125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Endothiodon bathystoma
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Endothiodon : Endothiodon bathystoma259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Malawisaurus dixeyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Saurischia : Malawisaurus : Malawisaurus dixeyi125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Unio
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Unionidae : Unio125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Teleostei
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Teleostei125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Bagridae
family		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Bagridae5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Karongasaurus gittelmani
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Dinosauria : Karongasaurus : Karongasaurus gittelmani125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Malawisuchus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Itasuchidae : Malawisuchus125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Malawisuchus mwakasyungutiensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Crocodylia : Itasuchidae : Malawisuchus : Malawisuchus mwakasyungutiensis125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Paranthropus boisei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Paranthropus : Paranthropus boisei5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Homo rudolfensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Hominidae : Homo : Homo rudolfensis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Protopterus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosirenidae : Protopterus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Oudenodon bainii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Cotylosauria : Oudenodontidae : Oudenodon : Oudenodon bainii259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Anura
order		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Anura125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Bovini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Aepycerotini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Aepycerotini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Antilopini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Antilopini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Reduncini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Reduncini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Alcelaphini
tribe		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphini5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Potamochoerus porcus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Potamochoerus : Potamochoerus porcus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Diceros bicornis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Diceros : Diceros bicornis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffa camelopardalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : Giraffa camelopardalis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Oryx gazella
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Oryx : Oryx gazella5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Lanistes
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Ampullariidae : Lanistes5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Ceratotherium simum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Rhinocerotidae : Ceratotherium : Ceratotherium simum5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Bellamya
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Architaenioglossa : Viviparidae : Bellamya5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Pelusios
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelusios5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Clarias
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Actinopteri : Siluriformes : Clariidae : Clarias5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Podocnemidera
unranked clade		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Podocnemidera125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Eurygnathohippus libycum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Perissodactyla : Equidae : Eurygnathohippus : Eurygnathohippus libycum5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Palaeoloxodon recki
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Elephas : Palaeoloxodon recki5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Kolpochoerus limnetes
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Kolpochoerus : Kolpochoerus limnetes5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus andrewsi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : Metridiochoerus andrewsi5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffa jumae
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : Giraffa jumae5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Connochaetes taurina
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Connochaetes : Connochaetes taurina5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Rubidgeinae
subfamily		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Rubidgeinae259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Tragelaphus angasii
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : Tragelaphus angasii5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Deinotherium bozasi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Deinotheriidae : Deinotherium : Deinotherium bozasi5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Anancus kenyensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Proboscidea : Elephantidae : Anancus : Anancus kenyensis5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffa stillei
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : Giraffa stillei5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Giraffa pygmaea
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Giraffidae : Giraffa : Giraffa pygmaea5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Caelatura
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Littorinimorpha : Barleeiidae : Caelatura5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Bulinus
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Bulinidae : Bulinus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Cercopithecus
genus		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Primates : Cercopithecidae : Cercopithecus5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Tragelaphus strepsiceros
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Tragelaphus : Tragelaphus strepsiceros5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Rhineceps nyasaensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Osteichthyes : Temnospondyli : Rhinesuchidae : Rhineceps : Rhineceps nyasaensis259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cycloderma frenatum
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Cycloderma : Cycloderma frenatum5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Lycaenops quadrata
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Lycaenops : Lycaenops quadrata259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Gorgonops dixeyi
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Gorgodontia : Gorgonopidae : Gorgonops : Gorgonops dixeyi259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Lende chiweta
species		Animalia : Chordata : Burnetidae : Lende : Lende chiweta259.9 - 254.17 Ma
Permian
Cyclanorbis senegalensis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Trionychidae : Cyclanorbis : Cyclanorbis senegalensis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Pelomedusa subrufa
species		Animalia : Chordata : Reptilia : Testudines : Pelomedusidae : Pelomedusa : Pelomedusa subrufa5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Alcelaphus kattwinkeli
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Alcelaphus : Alcelaphus kattwinkeli5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Kobus sigmoidalis
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Kobus : Kobus sigmoidalis5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Nyanzachoerus jaegeri
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Nyanzachoerus : Nyanzachoerus jaegeri5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Hylochoerus euilus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Hylochoerus : Hylochoerus euilus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Gerontochoerus scotti
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Gerontochoerus : Gerontochoerus scotti5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Metridiochoerus compactus
species		Animalia : Chordata : Mammalia : Artiodactyla : Suidae : Metridiochoerus : Metridiochoerus compactus5.333 - 0.0117 Ma
Cenozoic
Cleopatra
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Gastropoda : Paludomidae : Cleopatra5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Aspatharia
genus		Animalia : Mollusca : Bivalvia : Unionida : Mutelidae : Aspatharia5.333 - 2.588 Ma
Cenozoic
Hourcqia
genus		Animalia : Arthropoda : Ostracoda : Podocopida : Cyprideidae : Hourcqia125 - 113 Ma
Early/Lower Cretaceous
Fossil LocalitiesClick to show 10 fossil localities

Other Databases

Wikipedia:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Region,_Malawi
Wikidata ID:Q868827
GeoNames ID:924591

Localities in this Region

Malawi
Malawi

Other Regions, Features and Areas that Intersect

Africa
African PlateTectonic Plate

This page contains all mineral locality references listed on mindat.org. This does not claim to be a complete list. If you know of more minerals from this site, please register so you can add to our database. This locality information is for reference purposes only. You should never attempt to visit any sites listed in mindat.org without first ensuring that you have the permission of the land and/or mineral rights holders for access and that you are aware of all safety precautions necessary.
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