Matildite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Matildite
Formula:
AgBiS2
Colour:
Iron-black to gray
Lustre:
Metallic
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
6.9
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Name:
From the type locality, the Matilda Mine, near Morococha, Peru.
Dimorph of:
Matildite Group.
Corresponds to the low-temperature (beta) form of synthetic AgBiS2. The high-temperature (alpha) form is only stable above 195 +- 5°C (Wu, 1989).
Solid solution between matildite and galena is complete above 215 +- 15°C; below this temperature characteristic Widmanstätten structure-like textures are formed through exsolution (Craig, 1967). Also forms a solid solution with bohdanowiczite.
Corresponds to the low-temperature (beta) form of synthetic AgBiS2. The high-temperature (alpha) form is only stable above 195 +- 5°C (Wu, 1989).
Solid solution between matildite and galena is complete above 215 +- 15°C; below this temperature characteristic Widmanstätten structure-like textures are formed through exsolution (Craig, 1967). Also forms a solid solution with bohdanowiczite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2592
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2592:4
GUID
(UUID V4):
(UUID V4):
9a036ba2-8f35-42d3-a8f0-3b7299155642
IMA Classification of Matildite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
Classification of Matildite
2.JA.20
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
2 : SULFIDES and SULFOSALTS (sulfides, selenides, tellurides; arsenides, antimonides, bismuthides; sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfbismuthites, etc.)
J : Sulfosalts of PbS archetype
A : Galena derivatives with little or no Pb
3.7.1.1
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
3 : SULFOSALTS
7 : ø = 2
5.2.17
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
5 : Sulphosalts - Sulpharsenites and Sulphobismuthites (those containing Sn, Ge,or V are in Section 6)
2 : Sulpharsenites etc. of Ag
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
Symbol | Source | Reference |
---|---|---|
Mtd | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Matildite
Metallic
Transparency:
Opaque
Colour:
Iron-black to gray
Streak:
Light gray
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
6.9 g/cm3 (Measured) 6.9 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Matildite
Anisotropism:
Weak
Reflectivity:
Wavelength | R1 | R2 |
---|---|---|
400nm | 41.4% | 47.2% |
420nm | 41.9% | 47.8% |
440nm | 42.2% | 48.3% |
460nm | 43.1% | 48.8% |
480nm | 43.4% | 49.3% |
500nm | 43.4% | 49.3% |
520nm | 43.0% | 49.0% |
540nm | 42.8% | 48.4% |
560nm | 42.5% | 47.8% |
580nm | 42.2% | 47.3% |
600nm | 41.7% | 46.9% |
620nm | 41.3% | 46.7% |
640nm | 40.8% | 46.7% |
660nm | 40.3% | 46.7% |
680nm | 39.9% | 46.3% |
700nm | 39.3% | 46.1% |
Graph shows reflectance levels at different wavelengths (in nm). Top of box is 100%. Peak reflectance is 49.3%.
R1 shown in black, R2 shown in red
Colour in reflected light:
White
Pleochroism:
Weak
Chemistry of Matildite
Mindat Formula:
AgBiS2
Elements listed:
Crystallography of Matildite
Crystal System:
Trigonal
Class (H-M):
3 2 - Trapezohedral
Space Group:
P31 2 1
Cell Parameters:
a = 4.0675(3) Å, c = 18.9570(13) Å
Ratio:
a:c = 1 : 4.661
Unit Cell V:
271.62 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Morphology:
Rarely as indistinct prismatic crystals, striated [001]. Massive, granular.
Comment:
Space group and cell from Kolitsch et al. (2021). Originally assumed to have space group P-3m1. Note: Harris & Thorpe (1969) suggested a hexagonal cell with a = 8.12, c = 19.02 Å.
Crystal Structure
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2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0009218 | Matildite | Geller S, Wernick J H (1959) Ternary semiconducting compounds with sodium chloride-like structure: AgSbSe2, AgSbTe2, AgBiS2, AgBiSe2 Acta Crystallographica 12 46-54 | 1959 | synthetic | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacing | Intensity |
---|---|
2.827 Å | (100) |
3.302 Å | (80) |
1.966 Å | (60) |
2.029 Å | (50) |
6.311 Å | (30) |
1.709 Å | (30) |
3.453 Å | (20) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
---|---|
High-𝑇 alteration and/or metamorphism | |
33 : Minerals deposited by hydrothermal metal-rich fluids (see also [#12]) |
Type Occurrence of Matildite
Synonyms of Matildite
Other Language Names for Matildite
Japanese:マティルダ鉱
Spanish:Argentobismutita
Matildita
Matildita
Varieties of Matildite
Cupromatildite | Cu-bearing variety of matildite. A mechanical mixture? |
Relationship of Matildite to other Species
Structurally related to group(s):
Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
44 photos of Matildite associated with Chalcopyrite | CuFeS2 |
35 photos of Matildite associated with Quartz | SiO2 |
27 photos of Matildite associated with Galena | PbS |
21 photos of Matildite associated with Arsenopyrite | FeAsS |
21 photos of Matildite associated with Bismuth | Bi |
16 photos of Matildite associated with Pyrite | FeS2 |
11 photos of Matildite associated with Pyrrhotite | Fe1-xS |
6 photos of Matildite associated with Rhabdophane-(Ce) | Ce(PO4) · 0.6H2O |
4 photos of Matildite associated with Bismuthinite | Bi2S3 |
4 photos of Matildite associated with Benjaminite | Ag3Bi7S12 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
2.JA. | Ferdowsiite | Ag8(Sb5As3)S16 |
2.JA. | Sangenaroite | Ag8(Sb8-xAsx)SΣ16 |
2.JA. | Luboržákite | Mn2AsSbS5 |
2.JA.05e | Benjaminite | Ag3Bi7S12 |
2.JA.05g | Borodaevite | Ag5(Bi,Pb,Fe)8(Sb,Bi)2S17 |
2.JA.05a | Cupropavonite | Cu0.9Ag0.5Pb0.6Bi2.5S5 |
2.JA.05i | Livingstonite | HgSb4S6(S2) |
2.JA.05d | Makovickyite | Cu1.12Ag0.81Pb0.27Bi5.35S9 |
2.JA.05f | Mummeite | Cu0.58Ag3.11Pb1.10Bi6.65S13 |
2.JA.05a | Pavonite | AgBi3S5 |
2.JA.05b | Grumiplucite | HgBi2S4 |
2.JA.05h | Mozgovaite | PbBi4S7 |
2.JA.05d | Cupromakovickyite | Cu4AgPb2Bi9S18 |
2.JA.05c | Kudriavite | (Cd,Pb)Bi2S4 |
2.JA.05a | Cupromakopavonite | Ag3Cu8Pb4Bi19S38 |
2.JA.05 | Dantopaite | Ag5Bi13S22 |
2.JA.05 | Selenodantopaite | Ag5Bi13Se22 |
2.JA.10a | Cuprobismutite | Cu8AgBi13S24 |
2.JA.10c | Hodrušite | Cu8Bi12S22 |
2.JA.10e | Padĕraite | Cu7[(Cu,Ag)0.33Pb1.33Bi11.33]S22 |
2.JA.10d | Pizgrischite | (Cu,Fe)Cu14PbBi17S35 |
2.JA.10b | Kupčíkite | Cu3.4Fe0.6Bi5S10 |
2.JA.15 | Schapbachite | Ag0.4Pb0.2Bi0.4S |
2.JA.15 | Cuboargyrite | AgSbS2 |
2.JA.20 | Bohdanowiczite | AgBiSe2 |
2.JA.20 | Volynskite | AgBiTe2 |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Matildite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2592.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
Search Engines:
External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Matildite
Localities for Matildite
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality.
Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Argentina | |
| Hubert et al. (2009) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
BRODTKORB | |
| Sureda et al. (2010) |
| DE BRODTKORB +1 other reference |
| Paar et al. (2000) |
| DE BRODTKORB +2 other references |
| February 2009 +3 other references |
Australia | |
| Henley et al. (2001) |
Henley et al. (2001) | |
| Mumme (1975) |
| Skwarnecki (2004) |
| Bottrill et al. (2008) |
Bottrill et al. (2008) | |
Austria | |
| Michael Waitzinger et al. (2021) |
| Paar et al. (1998) |
| Feitzinger et al. (1991) |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Paar et al. (1982) +1 other reference |
| Pichler (2009) |
| Niedermayr et al. (1999) |
Pichler (2009) | |
PICHLER (2009) | |
Niedermayr et al. (1995) | |
| Strasser (1989) |
| [Lapis 1993:5 p.13-28] +1 other reference |
Horner et al. (1997) | |
Horner et al. (1997) | |
| Leitner (2013) |
Raith et al. (2015) | |
| Exel (1993) |
| Kolitsch (2015) |
Bolivia | |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
| Cacho et al. (2015) |
Cacho et al. (2019) | |
Cacho et al. (2015) | |
Franco (2018) | |
Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
Jiménez-Franco et al. (2018) | |
Federico Ahlfeld and Alejandro Schneider-Scherbina (1964) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7:I:430. |
| USGS Bulletin # 1975 |
Ahlfeld et al. (1964) | |
| Smith et al. (2001) |
| Lindgren et al. (1928) |
Brazil | |
| Silva (2017) |
Bulgaria | |
| Cook et al. (2002) +1 other reference |
| Munkov (1968) |
| [MinRec 22 p.439] |
| www.bgd.bg (n.d.) +1 other reference |
Canada | |
| Peatfield (n.d.) |
| Hood et al. (1991) |
| Anthony et al. (1990) |
| Examination of Micro-Scale Inter- and ... +1 other reference |
| D.V. Venugopal (1985) |
| Huminicki et al. (2008) |
| Can Min 9:665-662 +1 other reference |
Badham (1975) | |
Badham (1975) | |
D. C. Harris (1973) +1 other reference | |
| Rich et al. (1977) +1 other reference |
| Dennis (1987) |
| Grant (2009) |
| Gemmell (2013) |
| Ames et al. (TGI) +1 other reference |
| Ames et al. (2003) |
Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) | |
| Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) |
Péntek et al. (2013) | |
Kjarsgaard et al. (2010, June) | |
| 157-158. +1 other reference |
| 159-161. +1 other reference |
| Traill R. J. (1983) |
the Canadian Mineralogist V 11 Part 1 ... | |
J. D. Scott (1976) | |
Ellsworth | |
Ontario and Quebec. Canadian Geological ... +2 other references | |
| Petruk (1971) |
| Alexander (2021) |
| Barkov et al. (2002) |
Chile | |
| Neues Jahrbruch Fur Mineralogie +1 other reference |
Sernageomin database 2005 +1 other reference | |
China | |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Yi Li and Youbin Liang (1993) |
| Jianping Zhou et al. (1996) |
| Bin Yu (2005) |
| Wenfeng Zhu et al. (2009) |
| Xilin (1990) +1 other reference |
Mineral Deposits 4 (1) | |
| Hongyuan Xia et al. (1991) |
| Jinjie Yu et al. (2013) |
| Yunqing Yi et al. (1986) |
| Nan et al. (2023) |
| Siwei He and Minyun Sun (1986) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Zhicheng Lu et al. (2002) |
| Yan Liu et al. (2011) |
| Danyang Liu (1991) |
Yan Liu et al. (2011) | |
| Yuhua Xie and Jiayin Zhang (1990) +1 other reference |
| Weining Zhou (1994) +2 other references |
| Xia Ai and Zengyi Chen (1993) |
| Liao Shen (1996) |
| Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987) |
Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987) | |
| Zhenru Zhang et al. (1987) |
| Yongwen Mei (1994) |
| Xianchang Luo (1983) +1 other reference |
Deqing Xu (1993) | |
| Weining Zhou (1994) |
| Yue et al. (2024) |
| Aixiang Sun (1996) |
| Leiming Xu et al. (1993) +1 other reference |
| Xiang Chi (1999) |
| Liyan Zhang (1985) |
| Sun et al. (2022) |
| Wei et al. (2022) |
Yuan Zhang et al. (2008) | |
| Chenglu Li et al. (2011) |
| Yuanfu Xiao et al. (2010) |
| Yan Liu et al. (2010) |
| Zhou et al. (2018) |
| Zhou et al. (2016) +1 other reference |
| Peng et al. (1998) |
| Xinpei Jiang (1994) +1 other reference |
| Runsheng Han et al. (2007) |
Runsheng Han et al. (2007) | |
Cuba | |
| Torró et al. (2016) |
Czech Republic | |
| Pažout et al. (2017) |
| Pazout et al. (2017) |
| Breiter K. |
| Lapis 2002 (7/8) |
Ondruš et al. (2003) | |
| |
Hyrsl et al. (2009) | |
| Pauliš P et al. (2020) |
Finland | |
| Hietanen (2015) |
| Novoselov et al. (2015) |
| Clark +1 other reference |
France | |
| |
| Chauris (2014) |
| R. Pierrot |
| P&T N°23-24 et al. (Haut-Rhin) |
| Wittern +1 other reference |
This mine worked the same vein as Gabe ... +2 other references | |
| Wittern et al. (Cologne) |
| P. Picot |
| Berbain et al. (2005) |
| Moëlo et al. (1989) |
| R. Pierrot |
Germany | |
| Staude et al. (2010) |
| abstract in Mitt. Österr. Mineral. ... +6 other references |
| Walenta (1992) |
| Walenta (1987) |
| |
| Wittern (2001) +1 other reference |
Walenta (1992) +1 other reference | |
J. Gröbner: Neufunde von der Grube Katharina im Wildschapbach (2/2004) | |
| Belendorff (2021) |
| Weiß (1990) |
| |
| Weiß (1990) |
Dill et al. (2010) | |
| Förster et al. (2005) |
| Wittern (2001) |
Lapis 30 (7/8) | |
| Witzke et al. (2007) |
Greece | |
| Voudouris et al. (2008) |
VOUDOURIS (2005) | |
| Voudouris et al. (2010, April) +1 other reference |
| Triantafyllidis (2019) |
| Voudouris et al. (2018, July) |
Greenland | |
| Petersen et al. (1993) |
Hungary | |
| Koch: Minerals of Hungary |
Iran | |
| Karimpour et al. (2005) +1 other reference |
| Mehrabi et al. (2016) |
Ireland | |
| Conference +2 other references |
Italy | |
| Vergani F. (2019) |
| Huttenlocher (1934) +2 other references |
| Krismer et al. (2013) |
| Bianchini +5 other references |
Japan | |
| Hariya +1 other reference |
| Min. Jour. (Japan) |
| Shimizu et al. (1998) |
| Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 25 et al. (1987) |
| Akasaka (2007) |
Akasaka et al. (2007, August) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7:I:430. +2 other references |
| Nagashima et al. (2021) |
Nagashima et al. (2016) | |
Kazakhstan | |
| Kovalev et al. (2018) |
| Глоба В.А. Месторождение Манка - новый геолого-промышленный тип месторождений золота. // Изв. НАН РК et al. (403) |
Malaysia | |
| Hoe et al. (2003) |
Mexico | |
| Mining company data |
Panczner (1987) +1 other reference | |
| Stone +3 other references |
| Canet et al. (2009) +1 other reference |
Morocco | |
| Ilmen et al. (2016) |
Norway | |
| Oftedal (1942) +1 other reference |
Peru (TL) | |
| Dana 7:I:430. +1 other reference |
| 7th Biennial +1 other reference |
| Bendezu et al. (2009) |
| Harlaux et al. (2023) |
Poland | |
| Muszyński et al. (2023) |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
Mochnacka et al. (2015) | |
| Gołębiowska B. et al. (Ag) |
| Mochnacka et al. (2000) +2 other references |
| Kozłowski et al. (2022) |
| Mederski et al. (2020) |
Portugal | |
| Antunes et al. (2010) +1 other reference |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia ... |
| Gomes (2000) |
| |
| D. Wimmers (1985) |
| Leal Gomes et al. (2009) |
| Mercedes Fuertes-Fuente et al. (2016) |
| Sousa et al. (1987) |
| Gaspar +2 other references |
Romania | |
| Cook et al. (2002) |
Cook et al. (2003) +1 other reference | |
Cook et al. (2002) | |
| Cook +1 other reference |
| Mitt. .Österr. Miner. Ges. 143 (1998) |
| Damian et al. (2008) |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2009) |
Russia | |
| Pekov et al. (2011) |
| Vakh et al. (2016) |
| Damdinova et al. (2021) |
| Rogov et al. (2023) |
Rogov et al. (2023) | |
| Plotinskaya et al. (2018) |
| [Der Aufschluss 1995:4 p.163-180] |
| Kemkina et al. (2018, July) |
| Gonevchuk et al. (2010) |
| Savva et al. (2019) |
Savva et al. (2019) | |
Savva et al. (2016, August) +1 other reference | |
Goryachev et al. (2014) | |
| Grant et al. (2001) +1 other reference |
Simanenko (2006) +1 other reference | |
| Gvozdev et al. (2014) |
| Ivin et al. (2021) |
| Kuleshevich et al. (2007) |
| Ivashchenko et al. (2011, September) |
| Kondratieva et al. (2021) |
Kondratieva et al. (2021) | |
| [[1]]Kondratieva et al. (2023) |
[[1]]Kondratieva et al. (2023) | |
| American Mineralogist +1 other reference |
| Gamyanin et al. (2015) |
| Vikent'eva et al. (2016, April) |
| Kuzhuget et al. (2023) |
| Kiseleva et al. (2008) |
| Prokof’ev et al. (2007) +1 other reference |
Prokof'ev et al. (2004) +1 other reference | |
Slovakia | |
| Luptáková et al. (2016) |
| |
| Koděra (1986) |
Ozdín et al. (2004) | |
| Kodě +1 other reference |
Jeleň et al. (2012) | |
| Mikuš T. (2019) |
| Pršek J. |
South Korea | |
| Dongbok Shin et al. |
Spain | |
| Revista de minerales (Mars) |
| Jimenez R. et al. (2004) |
| Vindel (1980) |
| www.foro-minerales.com (n.d.) |
| Weibel (1955) |
Sweden | |
| Wilke (1997) |
Wilke (1997) | |
Wilke (1997) | |
Wilke (1997) | |
Wilke (1997) | |
J.Mansfeld.: ... | |
Wilke (1997) | |
Wilke (1997) | |
| MinMag (1992) |
| Nysten |
Nysten | |
| |
| Erling Olsson and Aksel Østerløf |
Switzerland | |
| Grünenfelder (1957) +2 other references |
| Stalder et al. (1998) |
Tajikistan | |
| Pavlova et al. (2009) |
Pavlova et al. (2009) | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Bortnikov et al. (1985) +1 other reference | |
Badalov et al. (1975) | |
| Badalov et al. (1975) |
Fayziev et al. (2019) | |
Tunisia | |
| Slim-Shimi et al. (1990) |
Turkey | |
| A. Willgallis et al. : "Se- and ... |
UK | |
| Rollinson et al. (2017) |
| Day (1999) |
| [MinMag 57:751-754] |
| Pattrick (1984) +1 other reference |
| R. E. Bevins (1988) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| USGS PP 1760A |
| Graeme (1993) |
Graeme (1993) +1 other reference | |
| Stolburg (1984) |
| Hall (1958) +4 other references |
Foord et al. (1989) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Min Rec 18:3 pp185-187 | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Genth (1886) +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Shannon et al. (1985) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Holmes et al. (1983) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
Eckel et al. (1997) | |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
Foord et al. (1989) +1 other reference | |
| Dana 7: I:430. |
| Ream (1995) |
Ream (2004) | |
| MRDS 10241626 |
| - (2005) |
| Cossaboom (1981) +1 other reference |
| - (2005) |
Castor et al. (2004) | |
| Cooper et al. (1991) |
| R&M 77:5 p298-305 |
| Bullock (1981) |
| Econ Geol (1986) |
| Bullock (1981) |
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Clara Mine, Oberwolfach, Ortenaukreis, Freiburg Region, Baden-Württemberg, Germany